CN101381116A - 太阳能海水淡化或不净水蒸馏装置 - Google Patents

太阳能海水淡化或不净水蒸馏装置 Download PDF

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CN101381116A
CN101381116A CNA2008101434002A CN200810143400A CN101381116A CN 101381116 A CN101381116 A CN 101381116A CN A2008101434002 A CNA2008101434002 A CN A2008101434002A CN 200810143400 A CN200810143400 A CN 200810143400A CN 101381116 A CN101381116 A CN 101381116A
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water
solar
solar energy
superconductive
heat pipe
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熊平
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Central South University
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Central South University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

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Abstract

一种太阳能海水或污水蒸馏装置，属太阳能热利用设备技术领域。本发明蒸馏装置包括太阳灶、超导热管、水箱和冷凝管，还有超导介质、进出水口和冷凝方法。主要该装置的超导热管，采用两端密封装有单向超导介质的石英超导管，石英超导热管一端放在太阳灶的焦点处，另一端伸入蒸馏水箱内，并将插口处密封。该装置的超导热管性能稳定，不会被海水腐蚀，热传导效率高。它成本低，结构合理，使用寿命长。

Description

太阳能海水淡化或不净水蒸馏装置
技术领域
本发明及一种太阳能海水淡化或不净水蒸馏装置，属太阳能热利用设备技术领域。
背景领域
很早以前，人们就开始利用太阳能通过蒸馏方法来制取淡水，并逐渐发展成太阳能蒸馏器。在一些内陆咸水地区，以及缺乏天然饮用水的沿海、海岛，利用太阳能蒸馏器生产淡水，是一种简便、切实、可行的方法。
普通蒸馏淡化技术的工作原理是使直射和散射的阳光大部分透过玻璃和塑料斜顶盖，射至水池把水加热。水受热蒸发，由于顶盖外表面受大气冷却，温度降低，蒸气在顶盖内侧冷凝，同时借重力作用将淡水收集起来作为产品。实际上，蒸馏器接受的太阳辐射能量仅一次使用，受日照强度影响很大，热量利用率不高，蒸馏效率不高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是设计一种太阳能海水淡化或不净水蒸馏装置，改变已有技术的结构和收集太阳能的方法，使其小型化，提高太阳能的利用率，加快箱中的海水(苦咸水、污水)加热—蒸发—冷凝成淡水的速度，因此，可以得到更大的产水量，是太阳能蒸馏技术具有更广泛的用途。
本发明设计的太阳能海水淡化或不净水蒸馏装置，包括太阳灶、超导热管、水箱和冷凝管，超导热管内填充高导热性的单向超导介质，水箱由底部相通的两个小水箱组成，一个为预热箱，一个为蒸发箱，冷凝管在预热箱中为水预热，保证了热量的充分利用，进出水口和冷凝方法。太阳灶的角度可随太阳高度角的变化而变化，以获得最大太阳能利用率。
附图说明
图1是发吸的结构示意图。
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
具体实施方案
如图1所示，本发明为了获得较高的水产量，必须采用提高太阳能利用率和加快凝结速度的设计，加快箱中的海水海水淡化或不净水加热—蒸发—冷凝成淡水的速度，得到更大的产水量，本发明的内容包括：
1.太阳灶结构和性能
太阳灶1的作用是聚集阳光，为整个系统提供能源。因此，要求太阳灶有较高的功率，采光面积为2m2以上，太阳灶可以根据太阳高度角来调整自己与地面的夹角。
太阳灶能转动对其支架提出了要求，转动可分为手动和机动。为了尽量减小导热管的长度，减少热量的流失，太阳灶的焦距较小，控制在1m以内。
2.超导热管的材料和介质
图1中超导热管6为球形的石英管，它的作用是把热量从太阳灶1传到蒸馏箱，它的一端放在太阳灶焦点处，另一端伸入水中。为了使其导热效率高，管内填充高导热性的单向超导介质。
导热管的材料选用石英，因为其性能稳定，不会被海水或不净水腐蚀，同时耐热性好，熔点为1200度以上。导热管的形状和颜色选择也对热传导有着较大的影响，导热管的一端可做成球形放在太阳灶焦点出，另一端做成多分支状放在水下好导热。
3.水箱的设计
水箱由底部相通的两个小水箱组成，一个为预热箱，一个为蒸发箱，冷凝管3在预热箱中为水预热，保证了热量的充分利用。水箱外表面涂一层保温材料，减少热量的流失。水箱有进水口7，出水口5，2为上升的水蒸气，4为放水用的阀门。
4.冷凝装置的设计
为了提高热能的利用效率，本发明的冷凝管选择通过预热水箱，用箱中的水作为冷凝剂，这样也可以对其起到预热的作用。
本发明装置太阳灶的采光面积为2.5m2，夏天中午时焦点温度达1000度，功率可达1000W，所用超导热管的的导热效率可达90％以上，水箱中水的深度保持在20cm左右。运行结果表明，当日太阳辐射总量大于15MJ时该实施例的日产水量可达20升，远大于现有技术蒸馏器的日产量。

Claims (4)

1、一种太阳能海水淡化或不净水蒸馏装置，其特征在于：包括太阳灶、超导热管、水箱和冷凝管，超导管里充有单向超导介质，超导热管一端放在太阳灶的焦点处，另一端伸入蒸馏水箱内，并将插口处密封。
2、根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述的超导热管一端做成球形，另一端为多分支状。
3、根据权利要求1所述装置，其特征在于：所述太阳灶由可转动的支架支撑，可随太阳高度角的变化转动。
4、根据权利要求1所述装置，其特征在于：所述水箱由两个底端相通的水箱构成，一个为储水用，另一为蒸馏用，冷凝管通过储水水箱，冷凝和预热海水或不净水。
CNA2008101434002A 2008-10-24 2008-10-24 太阳能海水淡化或不净水蒸馏装置 Pending CN101381116A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102745758A (zh) * 2012-06-27 2012-10-24 南京波腾科技工程有限公司 海水淡化器
CN110258720A (zh) * 2019-07-04 2019-09-20 张伟 一种干旱地区用水资源回收利用设备

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102745758A (zh) * 2012-06-27 2012-10-24 南京波腾科技工程有限公司 海水淡化器
CN110258720A (zh) * 2019-07-04 2019-09-20 张伟 一种干旱地区用水资源回收利用设备

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Open date: 20090311