CN101380225B - Method and device for collecting blood-vessel image under near infrared light - Google Patents

Method and device for collecting blood-vessel image under near infrared light Download PDF

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CN101380225B
CN101380225B CN2007101213217A CN200710121321A CN101380225B CN 101380225 B CN101380225 B CN 101380225B CN 2007101213217 A CN2007101213217 A CN 2007101213217A CN 200710121321 A CN200710121321 A CN 200710121321A CN 101380225 B CN101380225 B CN 101380225B
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light intensity
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戴阳刚
黄贝宁
李文新
许卓群
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Harvest Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.
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Peking University
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Abstract

The invention provides a method and a device for collecting a blood vessel image irradiated by near infrared light. A plurality of infrared light sources are adopted to form a luminous array; each light source gives out a beam of parallel infrared light which respectively illuminate the different parts of the position to be collected; the brightness and darkness of the current image are analyzed by using a computer program for automatically adjusting the light intensity of each light source; the blood vessel image after the changing of the light intensity of the light source is repeatedly collected for a plurality of times until an image meeting the requirements is collected, thereby solving the problem of larger difference between the resolving capability of parts of the images; besides, the invention can stably image without interference of external environmental light. The invention has an excellent market prospect, can effectively improve the recognition speed and the recognition rate as well as can reduce the mistaken recognition rate when the invention is applied to a biologic characteristic recognition device based on the blood vessel image and can obtain a top-grade image, improve the resolving capability and can reduce the error during checking when the invention is applied to medical inspection.

Description

A kind of method and apparatus of collecting blood-vessel image under near infrared light
Technical field
The invention belongs to living things feature recognition and the infrared ray biometric image obtains the field, particularly a kind of acquisition method of blood-vessel image under near infrared light and device thereof.
Background technology
Can tell blood vessel in the tissue image that under near infrared light, obtains, be applied in biological discriminating and the medical inspection.Chinese patent CN1472692A, CN1799063A, CN1564191A, CN1586395A have all described a kind of method and apparatus that carries out bio-identification by blood-vessel image under the infrared light irradiation.
Because everyone skin, muscular tissue, blood have nothing in common with each other to the absorbance and the reflectance of infrared light, therefore use existing blood-vessel image harvester when obtaining blood-vessel image, the mean flow rate of different people blood-vessel image, and the contrast of image medium vessels and non-vasculature part (hereinafter to be referred as contrast) variation may be very big.On the other hand, inconsistent to ultrared absorbance and reflectance for a width of cloth blood-vessel image owing to human body different parts organizational structure is not quite similar, therefore can cause zones of different brightness irregularities on the image, contrast is also variant.
In the existing living things feature recognition method, such as the more described recognition methodss of above-mentioned four fundamental rules patent, all to the brightness uniformity of the image that collecting device obtained and contrast with certain dependence is arranged based on blood-vessel image.Therefore above-mentioned two problems can influence discrimination and the misclassification rate based on the living creature characteristic recognition system of blood-vessel image.
For medical inspection, the image that the brightness and contrast changes greatly may cause doctor's error in judgement and cause more serious consequence, so the image that medical inspection is used also needs to avoid above-mentioned two problems that phenomenon is brought.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method and apparatus of collecting blood-vessel image under near infrared light, the low problem of image resolution ratio that two phenomenons that the blood-vessel image that collects can be overcome effectively describe in the background technology cause.
The present invention adopts a plurality of infrared light light sources to form light emitting arrays, and each light source sends a branch of parallel infrared light, and the different piece at the position to be collected of throwing light on respectively solves the problem that image resolution ratio differs greatly by controlling the ultrared light intensity that each light source sends.Concrete acquisition step is as follows:
(1) light emitting array is according to predefined light intensity initial value emission infrared ray radiation position to be collected;
(2) gather blood-vessel image;
(3) utilize computer program that the blood-vessel image that gets access to is carried out analytical judgment, if meet the demands then output image, if do not satisfy then calculate the suitable light intensity of each light source of forming light emitting array according to the concrete condition of image, each light source of control light emitting array makes it according to the light intensity emission infrared ray that calculates;
(4) gather blood-vessel image once more;
(5) repeating step (3) and (4) are until obtaining the image of satisfying the demand.
Above-mentioned steps (3) is analyzed as follows with the method for adjusting light intensity to image: the illumination zone according to each light source in the light emitting array becomes several regions with image division, adds up the average gray in each zone, as the measurement of brightness.If the average gray of All Ranges is all in allowed band then output image if not the light intensity of then revising the undesirable area relative light source of average gray, is gathered blood-vessel image once more.Method when revising light intensity can have multiple, the general iteration class algorithm that adopts, through repeatedly adjusting, the light intensity of the regional institute corresponding light source that average gray is on the low side is heightened, the light intensity of the regional institute corresponding light source that average gray is higher is turned down, and finally makes the average gray of All Ranges in the image all reach standard.With two fens algorithms was example, the operation of revising light intensity is as follows: if image area grayscale meansigma methods is too high, then turn down the light intensity of corresponding light source, the light intensity of this light source and the preceding meansigma methods of thinking the primary source light intensity that average gray is low excessively when obtaining image twice when making it to equal this and obtaining image; If this area grayscale meansigma methods of image is low excessively, then heighten the light intensity of this zone institute corresponding light source, light intensity when making it to equal this and obtaining image and the preceding meansigma methods of thinking the light intensity once that average gray is too high when obtaining image twice.
The device of collecting blood-vessel image under near infrared light of the present invention mainly is made up of four parts, i.e. infrared light generation unit and control corresponding unit, image acquisition unit and information process unit.
Wherein, the infrared light generation unit is a light emitting array of being made up of several infrared light supplies, and each light source sends a branch of parallel infrared light, the different piece at the position to be collected of throwing light on respectively.The infrared light generation unit links to each other with control unit, and each infrared light supply can be controlled by control unit.
Control unit link information processing unit according to the instruction that information process unit sends, is controlled each infrared light supply, sends ultrared light intensity thereby change it.
Image acquisition unit obtains the infrared light irradiation image of biological tissue down, and is connected with information process unit, and image is offered information process unit.
Information process unit operating analysis image and send the computer program of control instruction, computer program is judged image, qualified as image is output image, defective as image promptly according to the concrete situation generation control instruction of image, be transferred to control unit the light that the infrared light generation unit sends is adjusted.
Each light source in the above-mentioned infrared light generation unit can be infrarede emitting diode, infra-red laser diode etc., is arranged in light emitting array according to practical situation according to certain way, the separate and equal scalable of the light intensity of each light source.Control unit is made up of microcontroller and corresponding external circuit, and microcontroller is by each light source of IO port controlling.Image acquisition unit can adopt infrared receiving diode array, CCD (charge-coupled image sensor) photographic head or CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS)) shooting first-class.Information process unit can be the computer that has certain operational capability arbitrarily, such as common personal computer, or custom-designed single-chip microcomputer, embedded system.
Utilize said apparatus according to the following steps collection and obtain image:
(1) (this initial value obtains by the experiment of carrying out in advance the initial value of information process unit each infrared light supply light intensity that computer program is provided, along with the change of experimental provision changes to some extent) be transferred to control unit, control unit control infrared light generation unit emission infrared ray radiation position to be collected;
(2) image acquisition unit obtains the image of gathering the position and sends information process unit to;
(3) image that collects of information process unit operation computer program computed image acquiring unit judges whether it satisfies the demand, if meet the demands then image output is used for living things feature recognition or medical inspection; Calculate the suitable light intensity of each light source in the infrared light generation unit as the concrete condition that does not satisfy then according to image, and generate control instruction and transfer to control unit, control unit changes the light intensity of each light source in the infrared ray generation unit according to control instruction;
(4) image acquisition unit obtains the image of gathering the position once more and sends information process unit to;
(5) repeating step (3) and (4) are until obtaining the image of satisfying the demand.
Innovative point of the present invention is: all adjustable lighting system of each light source intensity that has proposed to form light emitting array, utilize the light and shade of computer program analysis present image to adjust each light source intensity automatically, gather the blood-vessel image after light source intensity changes, repeatedly repeat to meet the requirements until the image that collects.Like this, the image each several part brightness that collects is even, and it is little that contrast differs, and the minute blood vessel number that comprises in the image is many.Compared with prior art, can collect diameter littler, from the farther blood vessel of skin surface, thereby comprise more information; And imaging is stable, and the image difference at the same position of same individual that collects under varying environment is little.Simultaneously,, need not during images acquired to put into the casing of sealing, avoided giving by the picker and brought discomfort and use limitation gathering the position because the present invention is not subjected to the interference of external environment light.
At present the blood-vessel image bio-identification has had the comparative maturity product to come out, and the infrared perspective medical device is widespread usage also, and the present invention is applied to biometric devices based on blood-vessel image, can improve recognition speed, discrimination and reduction misclassification rate effectively; Apply in the medical inspection and then can obtain high-quality image, improve resolution, reduce the error when checking.Thereby the present invention has good market prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart that the embodiment of the invention 1 is gathered blood-vessel image.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that the embodiment of the invention 1 adopts two fens algorithm adjustment light source intensities.
Fig. 3 is the finger blood-vessel image under the near infrared light that collects of embodiment 1 utilization distinct methods.
Fig. 4 is the image that the blood vessel among Fig. 3 is extracted, obtains after the refinement.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, further specify the present invention by embodiment, but the scope that does not limit the present invention in any way.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment has designed the blood-vessel image that following blood-vessel image harvester is gathered finger:
Infrared light supply in the infrared light generation unit is the infrared light-emitting diode of centre wavelength 850 nanometers, and 15 light emitting diodes are arranged in straight line, 5.08 millimeters at interval of adjacent two light emitting diodes.
Control unit is by ATMEL
Figure 2007101213217_0
The ATMEGA8 that company produces
Figure 2007101213217_1
Microcontroller and corresponding external circuit are formed, and microcontroller passes through each light emitting diode of IO port controlling, and by the personal computer corresponding ports acquisition control instruction of USB (universal serial bus) from the operation calculation procedure.
Present embodiment is controlled light intensity by the mode of pulse width modulation, and the driving signal that promptly is added in the infrared light-emitting diode two ends is the square-wave signal of fixed frequency, and control unit changes the light intensity of light emitting diode by the dutycycle that changes square-wave signal.
Image acquisition units adopts the black and white infrared camera.
Information process unit is a personal computer.
The flow process that this device is gathered blood-vessel image as shown in Figure 1, the specific algorithm of the calculation procedure that is moved is described below:
For the image that obtains, program is several zones with image segmentation, the illumination zone of each corresponding light emitting diode in zone;
For each zone in the image, whether in allowed limits to calculate this regional average gray;
If each regional average gray all in allowed limits in the image, then this image is qualified;
If some area image average gray is undesirable, then need the light intensity of the infrared light-emitting diode of correspondence is changed.
Calculation procedure can write down and store the light intensity of each light emitting diode when obtaining image each time.Adopt two fens algorithms when changing light intensity, concrete adjustment flow process as shown in Figure 2.
Utilize the blood-vessel image of said apparatus and method collection finger, before the finger that at first needs is obtained image places the light emitting array that infrared light-emitting diode forms, the design of array guarantee Infrared can not overflow around the finger cause exposing strong, then according to works illustrated in figures 1 and 2, finally adjust to each regional average gray between 35%-65%, obtain the finger blood-vessel image shown in Fig. 3 (a).
Fig. 3 (b), (c), (d) then are the blood-vessel images that adopts same device to obtain under even illumination, the irradiation light intensity guarantees that respectively whole finger counts 25%, 50%, 75% zone leveling gray scale between 35%-65% from finger tip, the irradiates light light intensity of whole finger is identical, promptly only according to the average gray of appointed area image, change the luminous intensity of whole array, the luminous intensity of whole array remains identical.
Adopt the Ni-Black algorithm to the image shown in Fig. 3 (a) and (b), (c), (d) handle, refinement, can obtain Fig. 4 (a) and (b), (c), (d).Because blood vessel has been carried out refinement, the length of Fig. 4 medium vessels is proportional to the area of blood vessel, so the shared pixel of blood vessel accounts for the ratio of whole finger-image and can be used for characterizing the length of vessel of extracting, and can calculate the percentage ratio that the length of vessel extracted increases thus.Calculate, the length of vessel summation among Fig. 4 (a) respectively than the length of vessel summation height among (b), (c), (d) 37.7%, 30.3% and 31.3%, on average promote 33.1%.
Embodiment 2
The present invention has designed another blood-vessel image harvester, is used to gather the blood-vessel image of palm and forearm, is described as follows:
Light source in the infrared light generation unit adopts the infrared light-emitting diode of centre wavelength 850 nanometers equally, lines up 15 * 15 quadrate array, 5.08 millimeters at interval of adjacent row, column.
Control unit adopts ATMEL
Figure 2007101213217_2
The ATMEGA128 that company produces
Figure 2007101213217_3
Microcontroller and corresponding external circuit are formed, and microcontroller passes through each light emitting diode of IO port controlling, and obtain control instruction by USB port.
Information process unit uses based on Altera The embedded system of the Cyclone II FPGA video image solution of company, by serial bus port to the control unit sending controling instruction.
This example is controlled by the mode of pulse frequency modulated, and the driving signal that promptly is added in the infrared light-emitting diode two ends is the fixed square-wave signal of pulsewidth, and control unit is by the light intensity of the frequency shift light emitting diode of change square-wave signal.
Image acquisition units and calculation procedure are with embodiment 1.

Claims (2)

1. the method for a collecting blood-vessel image under near infrared light adopts a plurality of infrared light light sources to form light emitting array, and each light source sends a branch of parallel infrared light, the different piece at the position to be collected of throwing light on respectively, and acquisition step is as follows:
A. light emitting array is according to predefined light intensity initial value emission infrared ray radiation position to be collected;
B. gather blood-vessel image;
C. the illumination zone according to each light source in the light emitting array becomes several regions with image division, add up the average gray in each zone, if the average gray of All Ranges is all in allowed band then output image, if not the light intensity of then revising the undesirable area relative light source of average gray, the light intensity of the regional institute corresponding light source that average gray is on the low side is heightened, and the light intensity of the regional institute corresponding light source that average gray is higher is turned down;
D. gather blood-vessel image once more;
F. repeating step c and d, the average gray of All Ranges all reaches standard in image.
2. the method for collecting blood-vessel image under near infrared light as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: adopt two fens algorithm correction light intensity among the described step c: if certain area grayscale meansigma methods of image is too high, then turn down the light intensity of corresponding light source, the light intensity of this light source and the preceding meansigma methods of thinking the primary source light intensity that average gray is low excessively when obtaining image twice when making it to equal this and obtaining image; If certain area grayscale meansigma methods is low excessively, then heighten the light intensity of corresponding light source, light intensity when making it to equal this and obtaining image and the preceding meansigma methods of thinking the light intensity once that average gray is too high when obtaining image twice.
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