CN101377524B - Vehicle speed measuring method based on steel rail deformation / stress parameters - Google Patents
Vehicle speed measuring method based on steel rail deformation / stress parameters Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a speed measurement method for vehicles based on rail deformation/stress parameters. In the method, deformation sensors are distributed on two measurement points which are distributed along the direction of train movement and have the distance of L to measure the deformation sensing of different measurement points under the same wheel pair, and thus the time of the train wheel passing through the distance of L, or the deformation sensing at the same measurement point of the rail under different wheel pairs is measured; the time difference of deformation sensing is measured to obtain the time of the train wheel passing through the standard wheel distance, and thus the train running speed is obtained. With the invention, the problem of low reliability existing in the current train-ground communication can be avoided. At the same time, the sensors adopt electric strain foils or optical fiber gratings, not only the interference of weather can be avoided, but also the interference on the existing electromagnetic systems at roadside can be avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of measuring running velocity in the Rail Transit System, relate in particular to a kind of rail traffic vehicles speed measurement method of realizing based on the deformation or the stress parameters of rail, belong to the train running monitoring technical field.
Background technology
In Rail Transit System, be the key factor of guaranteeing the train safe running on time to the monitoring of train running speed.The general travelling speed of using radar velocity measurement, laser velocimeter or the vehicle-mounted equipment of testing the speed to measure train in the prior art.But all there is certain use defective in these equipment.For example for laser and radar velocity measurement equipment, under sand and dust and sleety weather, can be subjected to the interference of foreign matter in the air, the precision that influence is measured.Adopt radar velocity measurement also can produce electromagnetic interference (EMI), influence the transmission of key message in the railroad wireless signal system.Whether unimpeded use the vehicle-mounted equipment that tests the speed to have communication problem between the car ground, ground command system is not under any circumstance can both collect the train speed data easily yet.
In view of the existing deficiency of existing vehicle speed measuring technology, people successively propose some improved train running speed measurement scheme.Be in the Chinese invention patent application of CN1769845 for example, proposed a kind of detection method along track moving object position and speed at publication number.Its technical scheme is based on the baffle-type printing opacity principle judgment object that is in the light and relatively moves, and designs a positioning speed-measuring system and the object that moves along track is positioned and tests the speed.But this technical scheme is based on that principle that printing opacity is in the light realizes, still has deficiency aspect anti-interference.
In addition, be in the Chinese invention patent application of CN1676389 at publication number, a kind of railway monitoring system based on fiber grating is disclosed.In this system, with the part of optical fiber attached on one of pair of tracks of railway.Corresponding to the variation of the accompanying orbital characteristics of this part optical fiber, the characteristic of optical fiber itself also changes.By receiving and analyze the light signal of change, just can utilize the information that comprises in the light signal to determine the characteristic variations of accompanying track.Because the actual separation between the railroad car axle is normally known at interval, by using continuous axle by concrete Bragg gratings institute's cycle time spent, this system can determine the instantaneous velocity of train at an easy rate.
But above-mentioned railway monitoring system has just generally proposed to utilize fiber grating to carry out the technical thought of vehicle speed measuring, and concrete implementation is not provided.And, in this invention, optical fiber being attached directly to the monitoring (referring to Fig. 2 of this patented claim) of carrying out relevant parameter on the track, this direct metering system is easy to cause occurring the situation that optical fiber is smashed by slungshot.Be engaged in direct measured sensor and also come off easily or lost efficacy, should not use for a long time.Therefore in practical operation, the direct metering system that the foregoing invention patented claim is provided is worthless.
Through research, the inventor thinks that stress and the change of shape on the rail is corresponding with the wheel movement position.Measure the diverse location stress of rail on the vehicle operating direction or the mistiming of change of shape generation in real time by the sensor of measuring steel rail deformation or stress parameters, just can obtain the data of train by speed.But the measurement to the steel rail deformation parameter in the prior art only is used for rail manufacturing and maintenance always and sets up the wheel track stress model, is not used among the speed measurement method of vehicle.
In addition, owing to the elastic body for rail and so on, its deformation and inner stress are directly proportional, and measure deformation and just be equivalent to measure stress, for simplicity, the statement that deformation parameter is measured in unified hereinafter employing.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to actual demand, a kind of rail traffic vehicles speed measurement method of realizing based on the deformation or the stress parameters of rail is provided at existing deficiency of prior art scheme and domestic High-speed Wheel system.This method is the measuring accuracy height not only, and antijamming capability is strong.
For realizing above-mentioned goal of the invention, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of many measurement points vehicle speed measuring method based on steel rail deformation/stress parameters is characterized in that:
On the rail bearing of trend, arrange two measurement points, arrange the deformation/stress sensor respectively; Described deformation/stress sensor respectively to same take turns right through constantly carrying out record; Two measurement points length is apart just obtained the average velocity of train through this segment distance divided by twice record difference constantly; Wherein,
Judge whether be same take turns to the time, the status switch of at first analyzing two measurement points changes, to 00 10 11 01 00 sequences, promptly be judged as wheel by first measurement point to second measurement point, the meter number of axle adds 1; To 00 01 11 10 00 sequences, promptly judge have wheel by second measurement point to first measurement point, the meter number of axle subtracts 1, thus the signal of determining the two sensors induction be same take turns right;
When determining apart length of two measurement points, at first set up different rail models and the sensor mounting means computing function of the graph of errors relevant down with change of shape, when actual measurement, utilize this computing function to calculate corresponding error in length modified value.
Perhaps, when determining apart length of two measurement points,,, and be made into the error correction form in the error information of measuring on the analogue system under the different stressing conditions at different rail models and sensor mounting means; When actual measurement, tabling look-up according to the size of change of shape obtains the error in length modified value.
When determining to take turns to process constantly, at first calculate the curve discrete derivative of current time, judge comparison according to the curve discrete derivative of current time and the symbol of sampled data derivative in early stage, if both symbol differences then can think and produced a knee point, this knee point are exactly to be used to calculate wheel to by measurement point peak point constantly.
Rail traffic vehicles speed-measuring method provided by the present invention can obtain train running speed indirectly by deformation or the stress parameters of measuring rail, thereby avoids the existing low problem of the existing reliability of train-ground communication.Simultaneously, sensor adopts electric foil gauge or fiber grating, both can avoid the interference of weather also can not disturb the other existing electromagnetic system in existing road.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the enforcement synoptic diagram of single measurement point vehicle speed measuring method;
Fig. 2 is the enforcement synoptic diagram of many measurement points vehicle speed measuring method;
Fig. 3 is in many measurement points vehicle speed measuring method, the arrangement synoptic diagram of sensor;
Fig. 4 is the desired ideal waveform curve map of meter axle condition method;
Fig. 5 is in the meter axle condition method, the exemplary plot of deformation error.
Embodiment
Variation in shape can appear in rail under the action of gravity of train wheel.Therefore, by distributing along current of traffic at two, arranging the deformation/stress sensor on the measurement point that distance be L, measure different measuring point identical take turns under deformation respond to, obtain the time T of train wheel by distance L; Perhaps, same measurement point measure rail the difference wheel under the deformation induction, the mistiming that the deformation induction occurs is measured, obtain the time T of train wheel, thereby obtain the travelling speed V of train by standard tread.Basic realization thinking of the present invention that Here it is.
The above-mentioned sensor that is used to respond to the rail change of shape can be mounted in the sensor of the fiber grating on the rail, electric foil gauge or other induction shape STRESS VARIATION.They can adopt the applicant's separate case application " steel rail deformation/stress parameters indirect measurement system " to install, thereby realize the indirect measurement to steel rail deformation/stress parameters.If adopting fiber-optic grating sensor can be that mounting means described in the Chinese invention patent application of CN1676389 is installed with aforementioned publication number also, thereby realizes the direct measurement to deformation/stress parameters.Consider many-sided factors such as convenience of engineering construction, the inventor advises that preferably " steel rail deformation/stress parameters indirect measurement system " specifically implement the present invention.
In engineering practice,, to the delta data of sensor acquisition appropriate threshold value should be set and be filtered for the deformation of avoiding weak interference and/or non-wheel factor is disturbed.This is that those skilled in the art can both unlabored work, has not just given unnecessary details in detail at this.
Vehicle speed measuring method based on steel rail deformation/stress parameters provided by the present invention has two kinds of embodiments, is respectively single measurement point speed-measuring method and many measurement points speed-measuring method.Give detailed explanation below respectively.
One. single measurement point speed-measuring method
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram that tests the speed of single measurement point, and wherein horizontal ordinate is the permutation wheel distance that goes out according to train marshalling list and compartment calculation of parameter, and ordinate is the right time of sensor sensing wheel, and slope of a curve is exactly a running velocity.
On single measurement point, arrange after the changing sensor, at first measure each wheel of train the time interval through this measurement point.Because the compartment model of the train marshalling list that will measure and bogie model are in time to obtain by the information channel of timetable and train marshalling list information, through comparison compartment model and bogie model just can obtain each take turns between the length interval.After obtaining the relevant time interval, allow corresponding length just can calculate the speed of train divided by the time interval at interval by this measurement point.The advantage of this speed-measuring method is to calculate simply, and the result also relatively accurately.But weak point is to obtain in advance the marshalling information of train.Marshalling information and compartment, bogie model data by train can further obtain the wheelspan parameter and the location parameter of bogie, thus calculate wheel between length at interval.
In practice,, need in time to send the relevant data of sensor to computing machine if require to accomplish the real-time measurement of speed, therefore to the requirement of communication support measure than higher.Because any information errors or communication failure all can influence the accuracy of measurement result, even can't obtain the result.Therefore, the reliability of this measurement scheme is relatively low, and can be used in does not need to consider under the yet lower occasion of vehicle operating direction, safety requirements.
State on the implementation in the process of single measurement point speed-measuring method, more satisfactory mode is at station or control room special-purpose computing machine to be set.This computing machine is connected with TDCS on the one hand, to obtain the information of train number database in the TDCS; Be connected with changing sensor on the other hand, to obtain vehicle wheel temporal information through sensor.What deposit in the train number database is the train marshalling list information (promptly by the time period, first what car, second what car or the like) of passing through measurement point particular moment.In addition, in computing machine or TDCS, also need vehicle wheel to be set to the spacing data storehouse.This database is deposited the wheel of various vehicles to pitch information.With the common railway carriage of row is example, comprise the first round to adjacent hitch distance, the first round to second take turns right distance, second take turns to the right distance of third round, third round to adjust the distance to four-wheel, four-wheel is to arriving adjacent hitch distance, railway carriage type number etc.
In computing time during T, each was taken turns the moment by measurement point is exactly the moment at the peak point place of shape (or stress) change curve.The flex point computing method that the judgement of peak point is mentioned in can " based on the vehicle axle counting method of steel rail deformation/stress parameters " referring to the application of inventor's separate case.The basic implementation procedure of these flex point computing method is such: at first, calculate the curve discrete derivative of current time.Particularly, the difference with the sampled data of current sampled data and previous moment just can obtain current curve discrete derivative divided by current sampled data.When judging knee point, judge comparison according to the curve discrete derivative of current time and the symbol of sampled data, if both symbol differences then can think and produced a knee point.This knee point is exactly to be used to calculate wheel to passing through measurement point peak point constantly.The difference in the adjacent peak point moment of living in is exactly that vehicle is by a certain time of taking turns spacing distance.
When implementing single measurement point speed-measuring method, in order in the measuring vehicle travelling speed, to obtain the traffic direction information of vehicle, can two changing sensors be installed respectively nearby at interval on same measurement point, can obtain the traffic direction information of vehicle according to the priority of two changing sensor reactions.In addition, if gather the measurement data of two changing sensors respectively,, can significantly reduce the probability of happening of measuring error in addition on average afterwards as the measurement data output of sensor.
Two. many measurement points speed-measuring method
Referring to shown in Figure 2, on the rail bearing of trend, arrange two measurement points.Two measurement points length apart is L, and they take turns rightly through constantly carrying out record to same respectively, and twice record difference constantly is the time T of train through distance L.Length L divided by time T, just can be obtained the average velocity of train through this segment distance.This relation is reflected among Fig. 2, and wherein the rate of curve of same corresponding relation of taking turns distance between the right induction moment and the measurement point being drawn according to different measuring point is exactly the travelling speed of vehicle.
Need to prove that what above-mentioned measuring method obtained is the average velocity of train in a period of time.When the train uniform motion, measured speed is exactly the instantaneous velocity of train, but when train quickens or during retarded motion, only at measuring distance L with respect to the measuring accuracy of V enough in short-term, measured travelling speed V could be similar to and think and equal train instantaneous velocity at that time.
Though above-mentioned many measurement points speed-measuring method is fairly simple on principle, still exist some problems to need to solve in the specific implementation.Give detailed explanation below respectively.
At first the problem that will solve is with the right identification problem of wheel.Rows of cars have many take turns right, only get identical take turns right deformation induced signal just can computing time interval T, otherwise miscount will appear.Address this problem, fairly simple method is a meter number of axle method, promptly the wheel that calculates process respectively at two measurement points is to number (concrete computing method can with reference to " based on the vehicle axle counting method of steel rail deformation/stress parameters " of inventor's separate case application), the identical counting of wheel logarithm just expression be same take turns right.For example, if the meter number of axle of the first batch total axle sensor becomes 6 from 5, when the meter number of axle of the second batch total axle sensor also when 5 become 6, just can know that this twice deformation induction is same the wheel producing.
When adopting above-mentioned meter number of axle method, sensor arrangement is arranged two sensors respectively at each measurement point as shown in Figure 3.4 of the minimum needs of number of sensors just can be finished test the speed (if only adopt two sensors, also can finish and test the speed) when definite train does not change direction like this.
It is a meter axle condition method that another one solves with the method for taking turns identification problem.Two sensors of the minimum needs of this method are arranged in two sensor measurement points.The distribution of its induced signal should meet ideal waveform curve map shown in Figure 4.Among Fig. 4, f1 is predefined thresholding, it is 01 at first sensor measurement point A (0～t2 time period) state that the thresholding of setting will satisfy pressure wheel, be pressed in that (t2～t3 time period) state is 11 between two sensor measurement points, be that same pressure wheel is between two sensors, two sensors show that simultaneously (t3～t4 time period) state that is pressed in second sensor measurement point B is 10.The distance of sensor measurement point and the setting of threshold value will be provided with according to above-mentioned perfect condition, especially will make two sensor measurement point can induce the variation of same axletree at (t2～t3 time period) simultaneously, realize 11 states.Can solve near the problem that break-in is travelled sensor points like this.
After the induced signal of sensor measurement point satisfied above-mentioned condition, the status switch of analyzing two sensor measurement points changed, to 00 10 11 01 00 sequences, promptly be judged as wheel by the A measurement point to the B measurement point, count the number of axle and add 1; To 00 01 11 10 00 sequences, promptly judge have wheel by the B measurement point to the A measurement point, count the number of axle and subtract 1.By this method, the signal that can determine two sensors induction is samely to take turns rightly, and the mistiming of two sensors induction is exactly a time T to be measured.This time T is actual to be exactly the mistiming of from 01 to 10 state or the mistiming of from 10 to 01 states.
With the difference of wheel to method, the computing method of time T are also inequality according to above-mentioned identification.
For meter number of axle method, two sensors is taken turns the concrete moment that the difference recording gauge number of axle is changed at each, and marks the pairing logarithm of taking turns of this moment.Then in the record data of sensor, with two sensors respectively to same take turns the moment that produces the same meter number of axle just subtracted each other can obtain required time T.
For meter axle condition method, at first calculate the curve discrete derivative of current time.Particularly, the difference with the sampled data of current sampled data and previous moment just can obtain current curve discrete derivative divided by current sampled data.When judging knee point, judge comparison according to the curve discrete derivative of current time and the symbol of sampled data, if both symbol differences then can think and produced a knee point.This knee point is exactly the moment that peak value takes place.For with once counting the axle incident, referring to shown in Figure 4, write down peak value moment t1 and t4 that two sensor measurement data occur respectively, the mistiming of t1 and t4 is exactly measured time T.
Next, describe the problems of measurement of the L that adjusts the distance in this vehicle speed measuring method in detail.
For above-mentioned meter number of axle method, referring to shown in Figure 3, the same position that can get on the two batch total axle sensors is a measurement point, the intermediate point of for example getting two sensor positions in each batch total axle sensor respectively is as measurement point, and the distance between two measurement points is exactly the required distance L that tests the speed.
For meter axle condition method, the problems of measurement of distance L is with regard to more complicated.This mainly is because in the meter axle condition method, distance L is that the squiggle peak point (flex point) that depends on as shown in Figure 4 carries out correlated judgment.In the process of judging according to squiggle, sensor is the point (because of the Vehicle Speed difference, determining that the measuring error of other points is bigger) of rail shape or STRESS VARIATION maximum than what be easier to determine.But, only there are several specified points to can be used as measurement point (further explanation sees also the inventor's patented claim formerly " steel rail deformation/stress parameters indirect measurement system ") in the rail girder structure according to relevant force analysis.Like this, may there be certain distance in the deformation error example referring to shown in Figure 5 between the point of the contact point of wheel track and change of shape maximum.Though this is because in fact no matter the external force maximum that to be subjected to of wheel track contact point owing to there are many-sided effect such as rail internal stress, sleeper anchorage force, is the tensile deformation or the side direction deformation of rail, its maximum point all and have some distances between the stress point.For tensile deformation, only to measure in the position of two sleeper middles, the wheel track contact point just overlaps with the deformation maximum point; For side direction deformation, only to measure in the position at sleeper strong point place, the wheel track contact point just overlaps with the deformation maximum point.
In addition, distinguish in the practice that direction to the car all is based on the situation that two axle count sensors are responded to same axletree at one time.If the distance of two axle count sensors is greater than the vehicle wheel base length of bogie, when two axletrees of bogie fell between two sensor measurement points simultaneously, sensor just can't distinguish that certain takes turns the stressing conditions to them, can not distinguish direction to the car.Therefore, the distance between the sensor measurement point must be less than the vehicle wheel base length of bogie.Because the vehicle wheel base length of bogie is not a bigger numerical value, so the measuring error of distance L can not be left in the basket.
At above-mentioned problem, can adopt two kinds of methods to be solved: first method is at different rail models and sensor mounting means, in the error information of measuring on the analogue system under the different stressing conditions, and is made into the error correction form.During use, tabling look-up according to the size of change of shape obtains the error in length modified value.Another kind method is to set up under different the rail model and sensor mounting means the computing function of the graph of errors relevant with change of shape.In the time of in the use, utilize this function calculation to obtain corresponding error in length modified value.
Introduce the method for identification vehicle operating direction among the present invention below.
In many measurement points speed-measuring method, no matter count number of axle method and still count the traffic direction information that a condition method can obtain vehicle afterwards according to the elder generation of two sensor measurement point reactions.For meter number of axle method, also can determine the vehicle operating direction by the situation of change of the meter number of axle.For example, the two batch total number of axle all are 5 under the initial state, and the first batch total axle changes then, and the meter number of axle becomes 6, and then the second batch total number of axle also is changed to 6, just can judge that the vehicle operating direction is for to move to second group of sensor orientation from first group of sensor.Certainly, actual conditions may be more complicated, but principle is the same.
In measuring process, when the situation of vehicle operating direction appearance variation occurring, for meter number of axle method, when train during only through wherein the first batch total axle sensor, because reverse variation (the originally increase that reduces, reduces of Zeng Daing) can take place in the meter number of axle, if the second batch total axle sensor should not counted the time keeping of axle incident, then should eliminate the time keeping of the first batch total axle sensor, no longer calculate this meter axle incident running velocity behind.Then there is not such problem for meter axle condition method.
More than the vehicle speed measuring method based on steel rail deformation/stress parameters provided by the present invention is had been described in detail.For one of ordinary skill in the art, any conspicuous change of under the prerequisite that does not deviate from connotation of the present invention it being done all will constitute to infringement of patent right of the present invention, with corresponding legal responsibilities.
Claims (3)
1. many measurement points vehicle speed measuring method based on steel rail deformation/stress parameters is characterized in that:
On the rail bearing of trend, arrange two measurement points, arrange the deformation/stress sensor respectively; Described deformation/stress sensor respectively to same take turns right through constantly carrying out record; Distance between two measurement points is just obtained the average velocity of vehicle through this segment distance divided by twice record difference constantly; Wherein,
Judge whether be same take turns to the time, the status switch of at first analyzing two measurement points changes, to 00 10 11 01 00 sequences, promptly be judged as wheel by first measurement point to second measurement point, the meter number of axle adds 1; To 00 01 11 10 00 sequences, promptly judge have wheel by second measurement point to first measurement point, the meter number of axle subtracts 1, thus the signal of determining the two sensors induction be same take turns right;
When determining apart length of two measurement points, at first set up different rail models and the sensor mounting means computing function of the graph of errors relevant down with change of shape, when actual measurement, utilize this computing function to calculate the error in length modified value.
2. many measurement points vehicle speed measuring method based on steel rail deformation/stress parameters is characterized in that:
On the rail bearing of trend, arrange two measurement points, arrange the deformation/stress sensor respectively; Described deformation/stress sensor respectively to same take turns right through constantly carrying out record; Distance between two measurement points is just obtained the average velocity of vehicle through this segment distance divided by twice record difference constantly; Wherein,
Judge whether be same take turns to the time, the status switch of at first analyzing two measurement points changes, to 00 10 11 01 00 sequences, promptly be judged as wheel by first measurement point to second measurement point, the meter number of axle adds 1; To 00 01 11 10 00 sequences, promptly judge have wheel by second measurement point to first measurement point, the meter number of axle subtracts 1, thus the signal of determining the two sensors induction be same take turns right;
When determining apart length of two measurement points,,, and be made into the error correction form in the error information of measuring on the analogue system under the different stressing conditions at different rail models and sensor mounting means; When actual measurement, tabling look-up according to the size of change of shape obtains the error in length modified value.
3. the many measurement points vehicle speed measuring method based on steel rail deformation/stress parameters as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that:
When determining to take turns to process constantly, at first calculate the curve discrete derivative of current time, judge comparison according to the curve discrete derivative of current time and the symbol of sampled data derivative in early stage, if both symbol differences then think and produced a knee point, this knee point are exactly to be used to calculate wheel to by measurement point peak point constantly.
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