CN101376818A - Method for preparing biodiesel by synergic ion liquid catalysis under cavitation effect - Google Patents
Method for preparing biodiesel by synergic ion liquid catalysis under cavitation effect Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing diesel oil through cavitation effect cooperated with ionic liquid activating. The invention includes the following steps: (1) the fatty acid and water of materials are removed at first; (2) then the mixed liquid of material oil, low carbon alcohol and an ionic liquid catalyst are simultaneously added into a reactor to carry out ester exchange reaction under the function of cavitation effect; the mol ratio of the material oil to the low carbon alcohol is 1:1 to 1 :80; the weight ratio of the catalyst and the material oil is 0.1 :100 to 10 :100; the temperature of the reaction is controlled between 25 and 80 DEG C; (3) after the reaction is finished, the rest low carbon alcohol is distilled out; the reaction product is stood and layered; the crude biodiesel at the upper layer is extracted; (4) then the crude biodiesel is purified to obtain the biodiesel with high quality. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of fast reaction speed, low energy consumption, high conversion rate, low production cost, environmental friendliness, and the like. The method is suitable for commercial production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of production method of biofuel, particularly a kind of preparing biodiesel by synergic ion liquid catalysis under cavitation effect.
Background technology
Along with the exhaustion day by day of petroleum resources and going from bad to worse of ecotope, eco-friendly oil fuel substitute more and more causes people's attention.Biofuel is a kind of novel pollution-free, renewable energy source; its combustionproperty can match in excellence or beauty with petrifaction diesel; in the combustion processes in the discharge tail gas harmful substance contents reduced about 50% than petrifaction diesel; and with reproducible animal-plant oil as raw material; meet the requirement of Sustainable development; so it is countries in the world are brought up to the development biofuel strategic height and treated, significant for safeguarding national energy security, sustained economic development, environment protection.At present, the reason that causes the biofuel industry development to face adverse conditions is that its cost is higher, and the countermeasure of breaking away from this predicament has: make every effort to obtain low cost raw material oil; The production of biodiesel technology of exploitation efficient green; Utilize byproduct glycerine to come the Chemicals of production high added value,, reduce the cost of biofuel to increase substantially profit.
Biofuel is the longer chain fatty acid methyl esters class material that is generated by transesterification reaction by animal-plant oil and methyl alcohol.Usually adopt acid, alkali as catalyzer, there are cost height, inhomogeneous reaction, reaction times shortcomings such as length, energy consumption height, so people develop multiple catalyzer such as lipase, heterogeneous solid catalyst, ionic-liquid catalyst etc., the easy inactivation of lipase wherein, the cost height is difficult to industrialization; Heterogeneous solid catalyst exists catalytic activity low, easy inactivation, and speed of reaction waits problem slowly.Developed supercritical process, membrane reactor etc. in addition, and supercritical process needs to react under High Temperature High Pressure to the equipment requirements height; Membrane reactor then needs the mould material of consume expensive, the production cost height.Therefore development environment close friend's biofuel green production process improves speed of reaction and capacity usage ratio, thereby reduces production costs, and becomes the task of top priority.
Ionic liquid is one of emerging research field of Green Chemistry in recent years.Ionic liquid has other organic and inorganic solvent and the not available advantage of traditional catalyst as a kind of novel environmentally friendly solvent and liquid catalyst, can obtain higher speed of reaction, selectivity, and product is easily separated, environmental pollution is little.
Utilize transesterification reaction production biofuel, general strong acid, the highly basic of adopting is as catalyzer, have that equipment corrosion is serious, side reaction is many, shortcoming such as seriously polluted, cost height, the acidic ion liquid that adopts excellent property has caused people's attention as the medium and the catalyzer of esterification.Compare with traditional catalyst, acidic ion liquid has the high-density reaction active site of liquid acid and the non-volatility of solid acid, and can be by the zwitterion structure is carried out appropriate design, it is acid and to the solubility property of substrate, product to regulate it, the optimization of realization response system, simplify the separation of product, and improve the ion liquid performance that recycles.
So-called cavitation effect is because liquid fluid system local depression (being lower than the saturation vapour pressure of this liquid under the relevant temperature) makes liquid evaporation, thereby causes microbubble (or gas nuclear) fulminant growth and a kind of phenomenon of causing.When liquid hollow gasification bubble collapsed in the extremely short time, the high temperature and 5 * 10 of the minimum about 5000K of the interior generation of scope around it
7The high pressure of Pa, and have the speed of cooling (〉 10 that is exceedingly fast
10And the shockwave of accompanied by intense and microjet K/s).At present, except ultrasonic wave produces in liquid phase the cavitation effect, (as geometry orifice plate, Venturi tube etc.), medium a kind of cavitation effect that the industrial applications prospect is more arranged---the Hydrodynamic cavitation effect that also can produce of hydraulicefficiency machinery in caliber pipeline jumpy is arranged.
Be applied to prepare cavitation effect in the transesterification reaction system of biofuel, intense impact ripple and microjet that cavitation effect produced, can promote fully contact between each reactant in the reaction system, improve rate of mass transfer, thereby can change chemical reaction condition, avoid adopting High Temperature High Pressure, shorten the reaction times, and improve reaction yield.
Ji Wei etc. utilize ultrasonic wave to carry out methanol esterification one kind of patent CN1896183 to prepare in the method for bio-diesel oil, ultrasonic technique is applied to make full use of hyperacoustic emulsifying effect in the preparation of biofuel, improve rate of mass transfer; Zhang Suojiang etc. patent CN1696248 based on ion liquid method for synthesizing biologic diesel oil in, adopt acid and alkali ionic liquid as biodiesel; Wu Qin etc. prepare in the method for bio-diesel oil for one kind at patent CN1737086, adopt ionic-liquid catalyst to prepare biofuel, the reactive behavior height, speed of response is fast, production process environmental friendliness, no equipment corrosion, product separate easily, catalyst stability is good, catalyzer has liquid acid simultaneously high-density reaction active site and the non-volatility of solid acid, and catalyzer can be recycled.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: the method that a kind of preparing biodiesel by synergic ion liquid catalysis under cavitation effect is provided, present method with ionic liquid as catalyzer and adopt cavitation effect to strengthen transesterification reaction, make it can improve the productive rate of transesterification reaction speed and biofuel, reduce production costs, reduce environmental pollution.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention includes following steps: (1) first stock oil removes free fatty acids and processed; (2) again the mixed solution of stock oil, low-carbon alcohol and ionic-liquid catalyst is added in the reactor simultaneously, under the effect of cavitation effect, carry out transesterification reaction; The mol ratio of stock oil and low-carbon alcohol is 1:1～1:80, and the weight ratio of catalyzer and stock oil is 0.1:100～10:100, and temperature of reaction is controlled between 25～80 ℃; (3) after reaction finishes, will remain low-carbon alcohol and steam, the reaction product standing demix extracts upper strata crude product biofuel; (4) purify the crude product biofuel and obtain high-quality biofuel.
In order to improve speed of reaction, described cavitation effect is ultrasonic cavitation effect, Hydrodynamic cavitation effect or the cavitation effect that is formed jointly by ultrasonic wave and Hydrodynamic cavitation generating unit; Ultrasonic frequency 15KHz～1500KHz, power 50～2000W.
For the ease of enforcement, described Hydrodynamic cavitation effect is jet flow cavitation effect or convolution cavitation effect.The jet flow cavitation effect can produce by (as geometry orifice plate, Venturi tube etc.) in the caliber pipeline jumpy, and the convolution cavitation effect can adopt hydraulicefficiency machinery to produce.
In order to improve the quality of biofuel, described step (1) is that stock oil is through removing free fatty acids and processed, acid number is reduced to below 0.05% less than 2mgKOH/g, water content, described step (4) for the crude product biofuel is neutralized, washes, drying, in 220～250 ℃ of continuous underpressure distillation down, obtain high-quality biofuel.
In order to be easy to obtain raw material, make raw materials cost low, described stock oil is the waste oil of crude vegetal, animal oil or recovery, or above-mentioned several mixture.
In order to be easy to obtain raw material, make raw materials cost low, described low-carbon alcohol is methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol or propyl carbinol, or above-mentioned several mixture.
Described ionic-liquid catalyst is acidic ion liquid or alkali ionic liquid, or the composite catalyst (as: composite catalyst that ionic liquid and sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, organic acid, solid acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methylate, potassium methylate, yellow soda ash, salt of wormwood, calcium oxide or magnesium oxide form) of ionic liquid and acid or alkali formation.
For improving catalytic effect, improving transesterification reaction speed, described acidic ion liquid or alkali ionic liquid are to adopt the ionic liquid that at room temperature is liquefaction that has alkyl imidazole, alkyl pyridine, quaternary ammonium salt, quaternary alkylphosphonium salt and metal or nonmetallic halogenide to form.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention adopts the catalyzer of ionic liquid as transesterification reaction, overcomes that the shortcoming of conventional acid (alkali) catalyzer such as equipment corrosion are serious, product is difficult to separate, produces acid (alkali) wastewater, contaminate environment, cost be high.Cavitation effect is applied in the transesterification reaction strong raising rate of mass transfer, performance cavitation concerted catalysis effect, so, the present invention is with respect to existing technology, has that speed of reaction is fast, energy consumption is low, transformation efficiency is high, production cost is low, advantages of environment protection, is applicable to and commercially produces.
Embodiment
Specific embodiment 1
With soya-bean oil, methyl alcohol is raw material, and hydrogen sulfate pyridine butane azochlorosulfonate acid ion liquid is catalyzer, earlier soya-bean oil is removed free fatty acids and processed.Get 0.023mol soya-bean oil, 0.138mol methyl alcohol and 1.6g hydrogen sulfate pyridine butane azochlorosulfonate acid ion liquid as catalyzer, above three is added in the reactor mix, under the ultrasonic wave effect, carry out transesterification reaction.Ultrasonic frequency 20KHz, power 150W, 80 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 180min.Reaction will remain methyl alcohol and steam after finishing, the reaction product standing demix, and the upper strata is a biofuel, lower floor is glycerine and catalyzer.
The crude product biofuel obtains high-quality biofuel in 220～250 ℃ of continuous underpressure distillation down.
The raw material identical with this specific embodiment, temperature of reaction and reaction times, the reaction yield contrast sees Table 1 under the differential responses condition:
Table 1
| The ultrasonic cavitation effect | Do not have | The ultrasonic cavitation effect | |
| Catalyzer | Hydrogen sulfate pyridine butane azochlorosulfonate acid ion liquid | Hydrogen sulfate pyridine butane azochlorosulfonate acid ion liquid | Sulfuric acid |
| Reaction times | 180min | 180min | 180min |
| Productive rate (%) | 92.2％ | 37.5％ | 85.9％ |
Specific embodiment 2
With lard, ethanol is raw material, the composite catalyst that hydrogen sulfate pyridine butane azochlorosulfonate acid ion liquid and sulfuric acid are formed.Get the composite catalyst that lard 0.023mol, 1.38mol ethanol and 0.8g hydrogen sulfate pyridine butane azochlorosulfonate acid ion liquid and the 0.8g vitriol oil are formed, above three added in the reactor mix, under the ultrasonic wave effect, carry out transesterification reaction, ultrasonic frequency 100KHz, power 1500W, 50 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 180min.Reaction will remain ethanol and steam after finishing, the reaction product standing demix, and the upper strata is a biofuel, lower floor is glycerine and catalyzer.
The crude product biofuel in 220～250 ℃ of continuous underpressure distillation down, obtains high-quality biofuel through neutralization, washing, drying.
The raw material identical with this specific embodiment, temperature of reaction and reaction times, the reaction yield contrast sees Table 2 under the differential responses condition:
Table 2
| The ultrasonic cavitation effect | Do not have | The ultrasonic cavitation effect | |
| Catalyzer | Hydrogen sulfate pyridine butane azochlorosulfonate acid ion liquid and sulfuric acid | Hydrogen sulfate pyridine butane azochlorosulfonate acid ion liquid and sulfuric acid | Sulfuric acid |
| Reaction times | 180min | 180min | 180min |
| Productive rate (%) | 91.6％ | 44.6％ | 82.4％ |
Specific embodiment 3
Waste oil, propyl alcohol with recovery are raw material, and N-ethyl-N ' Methylimidazole hydroxide ion liquid is catalyzer, earlier waste oil are removed free fatty acids and processed, make its acid number less than 2mgKOH/g, and water content is reduced to below 0.05%.Get 0.575mol waste oil, 8.625mol propyl alcohol and 40gN-ethyl-N ' Methylimidazole oxyhydroxide as catalyzer, above three is added in the reactor, under ultrasonic wave and Hydrodynamic cavitation acting in conjunction, carry out transesterification reaction, ultrasonic frequency 1200KHz, power 900W, the Hydrodynamic cavitation effect is selected the jet flow cavitation effect for use; 75 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 60min.Reaction will remain propyl alcohol and steam after finishing, the reaction product standing demix, and the upper strata is a biofuel, lower floor is glycerine and catalyzer.
The crude product biofuel obtains high-quality biofuel in 220～250 ℃ of continuous underpressure distillation down.
The raw material identical with this specific embodiment, temperature of reaction and reaction times, the reaction yield contrast sees Table 3 under the differential responses condition:
Table 3
| Ultrasonic and Hydrodynamic cavitation effect | Do not have | Ultrasonic and Hydrodynamic cavitation effect | The ultrasonic cavitation effect | The Hydrodynamic cavitation effect | |
| Catalyzer | N-ethyl-N ' Methylimidazole hydroxide ion liquid | N-ethyl-N ' Methylimidazole hydroxide ion liquid | Potassium hydroxide | N-ethyl-N ' Methylimidazole hydroxide ion liquid | N-ethyl-N ' Methylimidazole hydroxide ion liquid |
| Reaction times | 60min | 60min | 60min | 60min | 60min |
| Productive rate (%) | 94.3％ | 53.8％ | 78.1％ | 83.4％ | 85.7％ |
Specific embodiment 4
With rapeseed oil, propyl carbinol is raw material, and the composite catalyst that N-ethyl-N ' Methylimidazole hydroxide ion liquid and sodium hydroxide are formed removes free fatty acids and processed with rapeseed oil earlier.Get the composite catalyst that 0.2875mol rapeseed oil, 8.625mol propyl carbinol and 12gN-ethyl-N ' Methylimidazole hydroxide ion liquid and 8g potassium hydroxide are formed, above three is added in the reactor, open jet Hydrodynamic cavitation producer, transesterification reaction begins immediately, 60 ℃ of temperature of reaction, reaction times 90min.Reaction will remain propyl carbinol and steam after finishing, the reaction product standing demix, and the upper strata is a biofuel, lower floor is glycerine and catalyzer.
The crude product biofuel in 220～250 ℃ of continuous underpressure distillation down, obtains high-quality biofuel through neutralization, washing, drying.
The raw material identical with this specific embodiment, temperature of reaction and reaction times, the reaction yield contrast sees Table 4 under the differential responses condition:
Table 4
| The Hydrodynamic cavitation effect | Do not have | The Hydrodynamic cavitation effect | |
| Catalyzer | N-ethyl-N ' Methylimidazole oxyhydroxide and potassium hydroxide ionic liquid | N-ethyl-N ' Methylimidazole oxyhydroxide and potassium hydroxide ionic liquid | Potassium hydroxide |
| Reaction times | 90min | 90min | 90min |
| Productive rate (%) | 92.7％ | 56.1％ | 82.0％ |
Claims (8)
1. the method for a preparing biodiesel by synergic ion liquid catalysis under cavitation effect is characterized in that: comprise the steps: that (1) removes free fatty acids and processed with stock oil earlier; (2) again the mixed solution of stock oil, low-carbon alcohol and ionic-liquid catalyst is added in the reactor simultaneously, under the effect of cavitation effect, carry out transesterification reaction; The mol ratio of stock oil and low-carbon alcohol is 1:1～1:80, and the weight ratio of catalyzer and stock oil is 0.1:100～10:100, and temperature of reaction is controlled between 25～80 ℃; (3) after reaction finishes, will remain low-carbon alcohol and steam, the reaction product standing demix extracts upper strata crude product biofuel; (4) purify the crude product biofuel and obtain high-quality biofuel.
2. preparation method of bio-diesel oil according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described cavitation effect is ultrasonic cavitation effect, Hydrodynamic cavitation effect or the cavitation effect that is formed jointly by ultrasonic wave and Hydrodynamic cavitation generating unit; Ultrasonic frequency 15KHz～1500KHz, power 50～2000W.
3. preparation method of bio-diesel oil according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described Hydrodynamic cavitation effect is jet flow cavitation effect or convolution cavitation effect.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described preparation method of bio-diesel oil, it is characterized in that: described step (1) is that stock oil is through removing free fatty acids and processed, acid number is reduced to below 0.05% less than 2mgKOH/g, water content, described step (4) for the crude product biofuel is neutralized, washes, drying, in 220～250 ℃ of continuous underpressure distillation down, obtain high-quality biofuel.
5. preparation method of bio-diesel oil according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described stock oil is the waste oil of crude vegetal, animal oil or recovery, or above-mentioned several mixture.
6. preparation method of bio-diesel oil according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described low-carbon alcohol is methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol or propyl carbinol, or above-mentioned several mixture.
7. preparation method of bio-diesel oil according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described ionic-liquid catalyst is acidic ion liquid or alkali ionic liquid, or the composite catalyst of ionic liquid and acid or alkali formation.
8. preparation method of bio-diesel oil according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described acidic ion liquid or alkali ionic liquid are to adopt the ionic liquid that at room temperature is liquefaction that has alkyl imidazole, alkyl pyridine, quaternary ammonium salt, quaternary alkylphosphonium salt and metal or nonmetallic halogenide to form.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102441433A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-05-09 | 昆明理工大学 | Ion liquid catalyst and method for liquefying and gasifying catalytic biomass waste thereof |
| CN102816644A (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2012-12-12 | 林成原 | Supersonic reaction procedure of biodiesel extraction technology |
| WO2013008172A1 (en) | 2011-07-12 | 2013-01-17 | Ecole D'ingenieurs Et D'architectes De Fribourg | Zwitterionic liquid as co-catalyst for the enzymatic esterification |
| CN104263524A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2015-01-07 | 湖州科达化工燃料有限公司 | Method for preparing biodiesel from palm oil |
| JP2016540077A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2016-12-22 | ザ クイーンズ ユニバーシティ オブ ベルファスト | Removal of free fatty acids from glyceride oils |
| CN106433996A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-02-22 | 四川蓝邦新能源科技有限公司 | Biodiesel esterification method |
| CN106479681A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-03-08 | 四川蓝邦新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of Biodiesel esterification, the mixed method of ester exchange |
| CN107557167A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-09 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of low-carbon alcohols ester type fish oil |
| CN110846136A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-28 | 南京胜昔实业有限公司 | Preparation method for producing biodiesel by using cottonseed oil |
| CN111790373A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-20 | 山东大学 | Preparation device of bismuth tungstate photocatalyst based on hydrodynamic cavitation and ultrasonic cavitation |
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2008
- 2008-10-09 CN CNA2008101576450A patent/CN101376818A/en active Pending
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013008172A1 (en) | 2011-07-12 | 2013-01-17 | Ecole D'ingenieurs Et D'architectes De Fribourg | Zwitterionic liquid as co-catalyst for the enzymatic esterification |
| CN102441433A (en) * | 2011-09-13 | 2012-05-09 | 昆明理工大学 | Ion liquid catalyst and method for liquefying and gasifying catalytic biomass waste thereof |
| CN102816644A (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2012-12-12 | 林成原 | Supersonic reaction procedure of biodiesel extraction technology |
| JP2016540077A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2016-12-22 | ザ クイーンズ ユニバーシティ オブ ベルファスト | Removal of free fatty acids from glyceride oils |
| CN104263524A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2015-01-07 | 湖州科达化工燃料有限公司 | Method for preparing biodiesel from palm oil |
| CN106433996A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-02-22 | 四川蓝邦新能源科技有限公司 | Biodiesel esterification method |
| CN106479681A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-03-08 | 四川蓝邦新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of Biodiesel esterification, the mixed method of ester exchange |
| CN107557167A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-09 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of preparation method of low-carbon alcohols ester type fish oil |
| CN110846136A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-28 | 南京胜昔实业有限公司 | Preparation method for producing biodiesel by using cottonseed oil |
| CN111790373A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-20 | 山东大学 | Preparation device of bismuth tungstate photocatalyst based on hydrodynamic cavitation and ultrasonic cavitation |
| CN111790373B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2021-08-27 | 山东大学 | Preparation device of bismuth tungstate photocatalyst based on hydrodynamic cavitation and ultrasonic cavitation |
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