CN101374406A - Plant treatment method and means therefor - Google Patents

Plant treatment method and means therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101374406A
CN101374406A CNA2007800036124A CN200780003612A CN101374406A CN 101374406 A CN101374406 A CN 101374406A CN A2007800036124 A CNA2007800036124 A CN A2007800036124A CN 200780003612 A CN200780003612 A CN 200780003612A CN 101374406 A CN101374406 A CN 101374406A
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light
plant
blue light
equipment
time interval
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莱昂内尔·斯科特
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/015—Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/26—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by irradiation without heating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Abstract

A method for modifying quantity of at least one phytochemical in a harvested plant tissue comprising chlorophyll or in a harvested plant cell comprising chlorophyll, the plant cell or the plant tissue can be photosynthesized and/or absorb a blue light by irradiating the blue light onto the plant cell or the plant tissue, wherein the blue light irradiated on the cell surface or the tissue surface has a light intensity that is sufficient for causing a biochemical process in the cell or the tissue, thus modifying the quantity of the at least one phytochemical therein.

Description

Plant treatment method and device thereof
The present invention relates to a kind of method of the amount that changes the phytochemical (phytochemicals) in plant cell and/or the plant tissue and be used for its device.Particularly, the present invention relates to a kind ofly be applied to the phytochemical that changes in the plant cell that gathered in and/or the plant tissue wherein for example plant is elementary or the method for the amount of secondary metabolites and be used for the device of this method by the optical wavelength with selected wavelength and intensity, described optical wavelength is selected from the optical wavelength of white light or visible spectrum.
Be known that for example UV-B and UV-C can help to increase for example ＂ essential oil (essential oil) ＂ of whole plants and the amount of secondary metabolites to the light of using UV spectrum.But UV-B and UV-C are problematic for people's use and are serious oncogenic processes.Similarly, UV-B and UV-C light are considered to endanger potentially mammiferous health tissues and are considered to exist use dangerous.
" essential oil " is the reason that causes the aromaticity relevant with many plants (plant that for example comprises fragrance flower and grass, grass for example for cooking (culinary herb)) to a great extent.Essential oil mainly is made up of terpenoid (terpenoids) and can be comprised such compound as 1,8-cineole (cineole), citrene (limonene), linalool (linalool) and β-ocimene (ocimene).Other compounds that can exist in essential oil are the oils of non-terpenoid, can comprise (phenyl-propanoid-derived) compound that phenylpropionic acid derives for example methyl chavicol (chavicol), methyl cinnamate, eugenol (eugenol) and methyleugenol.Therefore, use term ＂ essential oil ＂ to be included in compound shown here from meaning qualitatively, it provides for example aromaticity of fragrance ornamental plants (ornamentals) and grass for cooking of plant.
The level of the known secondary compound to plant phenylpropionic acid (phenyl-propanoid) approach of ultraviolet light (and specifically UV-B) is influential, it is by to the regulatory enzyme of key Phenyl Acetic Acid (Powder aminonialyase (phenylalaline ammonia-lyase) (Kuhn for example, D.N. wait people (1984) Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci., USA, 81,1102-1106) and chalcone synthase (chalcone synthase) (Batschauer, A. wait people (1996) The Plant Journal9,63-69 and Christie, J.M. and Jenkins, G.I. (1996) The Plant Cell 8,1555-1567) effect and exert an influence.The publication report that the UV-B stimulation of many phenolic compounds is arranged, it comprises surperficial flavonols (flavonols) and flavonoids (flavonoids) (Cuadra, P. and Harborne, J.B. (1996) Zeitschrift f ü rNaturforschung 51c, 671-680 and Cuadra, P. wait people (1997) Phytochemistry45,1377-1383), anthocyanin (anthocyanins) (Yatsuhashi, people such as H. (1982) Plant Physiology 70,735-741 and Oelm ü ller, R. and Mohr, H. (1985) .Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci., USA 82,6124-6128) and betacyanin (cyanins) (Rudat, A. and Goring, H. (1995) .J.Expl.Bot.46,129-134), and these compounds relate to plant protection (Chappell, J. and Hahlbrock, K. (1984) Nature311,76-78 and Guevara, P. wait people (1997) Phyton 60,137-140) and anti-UV light protection (Lois, R. (1994) Planta 194,498-503; Ziska, people such as L.H. (1992) Am.Jnl.Bot.79,863-871 and Fiusello, people such as N. (1985) Allionia (Turin) 26,79-88).
FR 3542567 described in a couple of days, measure, for a long time blue light and/or ruddiness are applied to some fruit at night, be typically not the fruit of harvesting.In addition, so obviously light also exerts an influence to the leaf dish of cultivating in the 0.1mol sucrose solution in incubator (leafdiscs) certainly.The target of this invention obviously is that the anthocyanin concentration that changes on the fruit surface makes them seem more to attract the consumer.Here obviously do not mention the amount of irradiation (strike) to the luminous intensity of the reality of fruit surface, and obviously do not relate to used light source (one or more) and they yet should be apart from any relation of fruit surface between how far.
The FR 3542567 related intensities of light source are declared to be one that the little W/cm of 1-200 2(the little Einstein of 100 little Einstein-maximum 20000), (for example blue light is at 0.82 little W/cm to depend on used optical wavelength 2(82 Einstein); Ruddiness is at 1.19 little W/cm 2(119 little Einstein) uses 114 hours (leaf dish); For example with 10 little W/cm 2(1000 little Einstein) and 20 little W/cm 230 evenings of apple tree that the ruddiness (irradiation) of (2000 little Einstein) is processed, 15 minutes each evenings; For example will be at about 100 little W/cm 2The blue light of (10000 little Einstein) and ruddiness were used on the apple 4 hours, from evening the 22:00 point to 02:00 point in morning).
WO 2004/103060 has described the white light that blue light is strengthened and has been applied on the vegetable material that has gathered in, and this vegetable material can carry out photosynthesis.But this international application does not comprise the technology instruction that blue light is administered to the target plant material surface with specific luminous intensity.
Though having reported UV light and the infrared light of observing some frequency band is changing, be typically the effect that increases the certain plants chemical volume in the plant cell, but the illumination of obviously not putting down in writing the visible spectrum wavelength of particular light intensity in the prior art is penetrated (shining) to the plant cell surface or the effect that produced of plant tissue surface.
The problem of a kind of that be realized and the vegetables of having gathered in or the vegetables part correlation that gathered in is after harvesting, and the phytochemical for example amount of plant secondary metabolites almost begins to descend immediately.For example, when the vegetables of having gathered in are processed come freezing and/or make can or be placed on simply refrigerator for example in the household electrical appliance or the short time be placed on simply when being used on the open surface in the room that the consumer eats up subsequently, they can lose many their nutrient components, with regard to the amount of the phytochemical that wherein exists.Such phytochemical comprises antioxidant for example vitamin such as vitamin C and/or E; glucosinolate (glucosinolates) is sinigrin (sinigrin) for example; 1-isothiocyano-4R-(methyl sulfinyl) (sulphoraphane); 4-glucoraphanin glycosides and/or 3 methyl-sulfenyl propyl mustard oil glycosides; progoitrin (progoitrin) and glucobrassicin (glucobrassicin); isothiocyanates (isothiocyanates); Benzazole compounds (glucosinolate hydrolysate); glutathione (glutathione); carotenoid (carotenoids) is beta carotene (carotene) for example; lycopene (lycopene) and xanthophyll carotenoid (xanthophyll carotenoids) is xanthophyll (lutein) and zeaxanthin (zeaxanthin) for example; the phenols (phenolics) that contains flavonoids (flavonoids) is flavonols (flavonols) (quercetin (quercetin) for example for example; rutin (rutin)); flavane (flavans)/tannin (the tannins) (OPC (procyanidins) that for example contains coumarin (coumarin); proanthocyanidin (proanthocyanidins); catechin (catechins) and anthocyanin); flavones (flavones) (for example from artichoke (artichokes) cyanidenon (luteolin)); phytoestrogen (phytoestrogens) is coumestrol (coumestans) for example; lignanoids (lignans); resveratrol (resveratrol); osajin (isoflavones) is genistin (genistein) for example; Daidezin (daidzein) and Glycitein (glycitein); and RALs (resorcyclic acid lactones); and organosulfur compound; phytosterol (phytosterols); terpenoid is carnosol (carnosol) for example; Rosmarinic acid (rosmarinic acid); glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizin) and saponin(e (saponins); and chlorophyll (chlorophyll) and chlorophyllin (chlorphyllin); sugar and other food products be anthocyanin (anthocyanins) for example; vanilla (vanilla) and other fruits and vegetables fragrance and structure modifier or the like.The non-oxidizability that studies show that the certain plants chemicals can help prevent aging and chronic disease, for example particularly people's cancer and angiocardiopathy of mammal.
Therefore phytochemical can mammalian species for example among the mankind self as medical compounds, perhaps drug-activity derivative can by the other plant chemicals for example in the middle of it compound synthesize, and can from plant, separate.Therefore, may be that the phytochemical of non-pharmaceutically active (pharmaceutically inactive) can be used for being provided for for example intermediate of the active agent of cancer of synthetic treatment disease basically, and/or the mammal that is used to suffer disease people's pain therapy (pain management) for example.Knownly can be used for designing and/or provide the phytochemical of pharmaceutical active compounds to comprise vincristine (vincristine) and vincaleukoblastinum (vinblastine) from catharanthus roseus (Catharanthus roseus), taxanes (taxanes) is those described in the US 5 665 576 for example, taxol (taxol) (Pa Litaxi (paclitaxel)) for example, baccatin (baccatin) III, 10-removes the acetyl Baccatine III, 10-removes the acetyl taxol, xylosyl (xylosyl) taxol, 7-Epitaxol (epitaxol), 7-table baccatin (epibaccatin) III, 10-removes the graceful alkali of acetyl cepehalotaxus fortunei (cephalomannine), 7-shows the graceful alkali of cepehalotaxus fortunei (epicephalomannine), safe plain for you (taxotere), the graceful alkali of cepehalotaxus fortunei (cephalomannine), the graceful alkali of xylosyl cepehalotaxus fortunei, the lucky fen (taxagifine) of taxus baccata, the lucky fen (taxagifine) of 8-benzoyl (benxoyl) oxygen base taxus baccata, 9-acetoxyl group taxusin (taxusin), 9-hydroxyl taxusin, taiwanxam, taxane (taxane) Ia, taxane Ib, taxane Ic, taxane Id, GMP Pa Litaxi, 9-dihydro 13-acetyl Baccatine III, remove acetyl-7-Epitaxol with 10-, its from taxaceae (Taxaceae) plant for example amentotaxus (Amentotaxus) belong to, Austrotaxus belongs to, white peas or beans araucaria (Pseudotaxus), Torreya (Torreya) and Taxus (Taxus), for example from the plant of Taxus, as yewtree (T.brevifolia), european yew (T.baccata), hybrid Japanese yew (T.x media) (for example upright hybrid Japanese yew (Taxus media hicksii), Rehder hybrid Japanese yew (T.x mediaRehder)), Xizang Taxus chinensis (T.wallichiana), T. canadensis (T.canadensis), taxus chinensis in northeast (T.cuspidata), Florida Chinese yew (T.floridana), T.celebica and T.x hunnewelliana, T. canadensis, with from hemp (cannabis) plant sativa hemp (Cannabis sativa) for example, tetrahydrocannabinol (the THC of cunjah (Cannabis indica) and ruderalis hemp (Cannabisruderalis), tetrahydrocannabinol) and cannabinol (CBD, cannabinol), and other drug genistin (genistein) for example, Daidezin (diadzein), codeine (codeine), morphine (morphine), quinoline peaceful (quinine), alkannin shikonin, ajmalicine (ajmalacine), serfin (serpentine) or the like.
Observed by with (it is selected from those and the constitutes white lights) exposure of some wavelength or be directed to the vegetable material that has gathered in and for example contain chlorophyllous green plants part or plant cell amount that can of short duration increase phytochemical wherein at present.Such phytochemical comprises described primary and secondary metabolite and other phytochemical as medicine herein, for example as mentioned in this article.The result, can be by using for example amount of plant secondary metabolites such as antioxidant of optical wavelength comes to increase desired plant in the vegetable material that has gathered in phytochemical simple within a short period of time, described optical wavelength is selected from those wavelength or the frequency band that exists in the cold light (being visible light).
According to the present invention, the method of the amount that contains at least a phytochemical in the chlorophyllous plant tissue that contains chlorophyllous plant cell or gathered in that a kind of change gathered in is provided here, described plant cell or described plant tissue can carry out photosynthesis or absorb luminous energy, by on this plant cell or plant tissue surface, only shining (shining) blue light from visible spectrum, wherein irradiation (striking) is enough to cause Biochemical processes in described plant cell or described plant tissue to the luminous intensity of the blue light on described plant cell surface or described plant tissue surface, changes the amount of at least a phytochemical wherein thus.
" plant tissue that has gathered in " can comprise the vegetable substance that gathered in, and (plant part that comprises cutting is broccoli (broccoli florets) for example, green soya bean (green beans), wild cabbage head (cabbageheads)), the fruit that has gathered in (apple (apples) for example, pears (pears) and other green or underdone fruit, for example underdone tomato (tomatoes)), and can comprise any type of plastid (plastid), this plastid can form the phytochemical of plant when blue light is applied on it at least.The example of such plastid comprises leucoplastid (etioplast), chloroplast and chromoplastid (chromoplasts).
Irradiation (strike) can be the amount of any quantitative changeization that can make at least a phytochemical in plant cell or plant tissue to the amount of the plant cell that has gathered in or the lip-deep blue light strength of plant tissue of having gathered in.The intensity of the plant cell that irradiation (striking) has been gathered in or the blue light of plant tissue can be at least 5 little Einstein+/-3 little Einstein.The amount that is used for the blue light strength of the inventive method can be the 5 little Einstein+little Einstein of/-3 little Einstein-maximum 400+/-50 little Einstein; The 5 little Einstein+little Einstein of/-3 little Einstein-maximum 300+/-50 little Einstein; The 5 little Einstein+little Einstein of/-3 little Einstein-maximum 200+/-50 little Einstein; The 50 little Einstein+little Einstein of/-10 little Einstein-maximum 150+/-30 little Einstein; About 100 little Einstein+/-20 little Einstein; 200 little Einstein+/-50 little Einstein; 250 little Einstein+/-50 little Einstein or the like, this depends on design.The example of the amount that a kind of blue light and ruddiness combine (that is to say, wherein vegetable material is not exposed to except being any other light source blue light and/or the ruddiness) provide in the example of the refrigerated condition (that is to say the temperature that can in the typical home refrigerator, use) of 0 ℃-1 ℃ of hereinafter use.Method of the present invention (no matter its use is independent blue light or the combinations that only are selected from two kinds of optical wavelength of red and blue visible light spectrum) can be-0.5 ℃ of any temperature use in the scope of higher environmental temperature, and the plant cell that has gathered in described temperature range can keep photosynthetic activity.A kind of to can be used for suitable temperature range of the present invention be-0.5 ℃-about 45 ℃, and in a kind of application of the inventive method, it can use in the scope of cryogenic temperature (chilling temperature), and this temperature range typically is present in family expenses refrigerated condition and commercial refrigerated condition or other cooling conditions, for example-0.5 ℃-18 ℃, preferably about 1 ℃-about 16 ℃, and most preferably about 1 ℃-about 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 or 16 ℃.Those skilled in the art also will understand method of the present invention can use in the temperature range of about+8 ℃-approximately room temperature (+25 ℃).Typically, method of the present invention is to carry out on the vegetable material that has gathered in, and wherein envionmental humidity is 60%-100%, for example 65%RH, 70%RH, 75%RH or 80%RH.Can use white light from secondary light source to increase or under the situation of not using white light in the amount of the blue light strength on plant part surface, this secondary light source can provide ruddiness, combined amount from the luminous intensity on the surface that shines vegetable material of described two kinds of light sources can be the 40 little Einstein+little Einstein of/-25 little Einstein-maximum 3000+/-300 little Einstein or higher, and this depends on design.The example that can be used for the range of light intensities of ruddiness of the present invention and blue light combination comprises the 240 little Einstein+little Einstein of/-100 little Einstein-maximum 2000+/-200 little Einstein; The 300 little Einstein+little Einstein of/-100 little Einstein-maximum 1500+/-150 little Einstein; 500 little Einstein+/-200 little Einstein; The 40 little Einstein+little Einstein of/-10 little Einstein-maximum 100+/-25 little Einstein; The 15 little Einstein+little Einstein of/-5 little Einstein-maximum 300+/-50 little Einstein; The 15 little Einstein+little Einstein of/-5 little Einstein-maximum 200+/-20 little Einstein; The 15 little Einstein+little Einstein of/-5 little Einstein-maximum 150+/-15 little Einstein; 40 little Einstein+/-10 little Einstein or the like.Naturally, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that 30 lower little Einstein+little Einstein of/-10 little Einstein-about 100+/-25 little Einsteinian ruddiness, blue light, perhaps the luminous intensity of the combined light of ruddiness and blue light will be enough to be used in refrigerating or other application examples under veil such as commodity for family maintenance etc.
Used blue light wavelength can be selected from 410nm-490nm, and purpose is selected one or more blue light wavelengths can change the phytochemical that exists in plant cell that has gathered in or the plant tissue that gathered in a amount.Typically, after the luminous intensity that is exposed to the time interval (time interval) suitable according to the optical wavelength of expectation of the present invention and is fit to, the amount that is included in the phytochemical in the vegetable material that has gathered in will improve.Be used for the blue light wavelength scope of the inventive method and the example of numerical value and comprise 420nm-480nm; 435nm-465nm; And 450nm+/-15nm.Therefore, according to the inventive method, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that being used for vegetables that vegetable material for example gathered in or greenery material or (in culture) the green plants cell of cultivating such as the blue light wavelength (one or more) of mosses (moss) cell (for example cell of small liwan moss (physcomitrella patens)) has in the present invention constituted (constitute) blue light wavelength, and do not comprise purple light (voilet) or more high-octane light wavelength.
In addition, the described vegetable material that has gathered in can be exposed to from a kind of blue light of light source and from the white light (that is to say, from the light of visible spectrum) of secondary light source.This secondary light source of white light can be to strengthen with blue light, for example in the situation of the light emitting diode (LED) of routine (its emission has the light of deflection blue emission), with at some white Halogen lamp LED General Electric Quartzline EHJ for example, 250W is in the situation of 24V lamp.Described first and/or secondary light source can also be further be that the ruddiness of 600nm-700nm is strengthened with wavelength.The red light intensity of the ruddiness of described herein irradiation (striking) target plant material typically is the little Einstein of 1-200+/-50 little Einstein.The red light intensity on irradiation (striking) this vegetable material surface comprises 5 little Einstein+/-2 little Einstein-up to 150 little Einstein+/-50 little Einstein; 30 little Einstein+/-5 little Einstein-up to 150 little Einstein+/-50 little Einstein; 25 little Einstein+/-10 little Einstein-up to 100 little Einstein+/-20 little Einstein; Or the like.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the luminous intensity that is used for the reality on the plant surface will depend on design and used vegetable material.
In addition, should be understood that being used for one or more optical wavelength of the present invention is selected from so-called ' cold light (cold light) ' wavelength, that is, be used for light of the present invention and do not comprise that the UV wavelength does not constitute IR wavelength, these two kinds of forms all are potential dangers for use.In a kind of embodiment preferred, used light wavelength or frequency band are blue light: 420nm-490nm; The described herein white light that strengthens with blue light: 400nm-700nm; And/or ruddiness: 600nm-700nm or any herein combination of optical wavelength, this depends on design and the phytochemical of being concerned about.The example that is used for red light wavelength of the present invention can be selected from 600nm-700nm; 620nm-680nm; 625nm-670nm; Perhaps approximately 640nm+/-wavelength of 15nm.Ruddiness or blue light or with given energy the two can be used for method of the present invention than the ruddiness of combination and blue light.For example, blue light: the energy ratio of ruddiness can be selected from 10:1-1:10,9:1-1:9,8:1-1:8,7:1-1:7,6:1-1:6, and 5:1-1:5,5:2-2:5 for example, 5:3-3:5, the perhaps scope of 5:4-4:5.Other blue lights: the ruddiness ratio can be selected from 4:1-1:4,3:1-1:3, and design is depended in 2:1-1:2 and 1:1 and any arrangement in these scopes.The ruddiness of selected reality, blue light or blue light: ruddiness or ruddiness: the blue light energy is than depending on the age of species, plant part, the phytochemical of being concerned about and design.Typically, the blue light energy of a unit can be about 15 little Einstein+/-3 little Einstein, and the ruddiness energy of a unit can be about 2 little Einstein+/-1 little Einstein.By these approximative values, can realize shining (shone) and arrive the vegetable material for example ruddiness of leaf surfaces, perhaps blue light, perhaps blue light: the luminous intensity of ruddiness ratio.Naturally, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that and depend on and are exposed to used plant cell or plant tissue, plant cell or tissue herein the time span of the light of described wavelength will change along with design.Suitably, plant cell or plant tissue can be exposed to the time span that is used for wavelength of the present invention and influences the amount of phytochemical to be observed and reach preset time at interval.This time interval can be selected from the continuous time interval or the time interval of pulse.Typically, this time interval is the time interval with pulse of preset frequency, and described preset frequency continued on the time cycle in the time interval that lasts longer than described pulse.The described time cycle can be the duration of any length and can be up to 96 hours or the higher duration.When using the time interval of pulse, the time interval of this pulse can be any length and can be for example 1 second-up to 120 minutes; 1 minute-60 minutes; 5 minutes-40 minutes; 10-30 minute; 10-20 minute; 15 minutes or the like, depend on design, plant part kind and needs.Naturally, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that between light pulse described betwixt light source will not shine (shining) to the vegetable material of being concerned about with life period at interval.In addition, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the described interval that can be shorter than, equal or be longer than the light of pulse in the duration of dividing the time interval between other light pulse.Typically, after the time interval inherence of described weak point was administered to plant tissue or plant cell cultures with light in this article, the amount of phytochemical had been enhanced.
In another variant, in using the inventive method, from the light of described one or more light sources with preset time at interval and the continuous time interval shine (shone) on plant cell or plant tissue surface.This continuous time interval can have any high time span to 96 hours or higher duration.The example in the continuous time interval comprises 168 hours; 144 hours; 96 hours; With 72 hours or the like.The example of the scope at the continuous interval that can select comprised 30 minutes-96 hours; 30 minutes-96 hours; 30 minutes-48 hours; 30 minutes-24 hours; 30 minutes-12 hours; 30 minutes-8 hours or the like.Naturally, those skilled in the art will understand minute or the selection of hourage will be depended on design, plant species and needs equally.
Aspect other one, the present invention can be used for any plant tissue, produces response when this plant tissue can be exposed to described optical wavelength herein, perhaps can be in response to the irradiation (irradiation) that carries out with described optical wavelength herein.Preferably, this plant tissue comprises the tissue that can carry out photosynthesis and/or absorb blue light and ruddiness.The vegetable material that can be used for method of the present invention comprises whole green vegetables (green vegetable) and green seed (green seeds), pea (peas) for example, green soya bean (green beans), spinach (spinach), sugar pea (snow peas) (green pea (mange tout)), from wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea) species broccoli (broccoli) for example, green wild cabbage (green cabbage), red cabbage (redcabbage), brussels sprout (Brussels sprouts), sphere diameter wild cabbage (kohlrabi), cauliflower (cauliflower), white wild cabbage (white cabbage) or the like, and whole vegetable material, for example the green plants material for example contains chlorophyllous cell, green stem (green stems), calyx (calyx), leaf, or the like, it can produce response for above-mentioned optical wavelength.Other vegetable materials that can handle with method of the present invention can be green spicule (green needles) for example described herein taxaceae (Taxaceae) the level plants that green material (green material) for example comes from the non-vegetable source, tealeaves (tea leaves), with the cell of growing in the plant cell cultures in bio-reactor for example the moss cell and the tissue (for example protonema (protonema)) of small liwan moss (physcomitrella patens), with other plant cell culture callus (callus) cell culture for example, lemnospora species culture, algae (algae) or even somatic embryo group (somatic embryo clusters) and fruit tomato for example, apple, grape, underdone (green) banana, mango, kiwi fruit, pineapple or the like.Naturally, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that context used " fruit " is available from supermarket salesman or fruiterers and greengrocers.
In another embodiment, a kind of method that improves phytochemical content in environment in plant cell of living or plant tissue is provided here, and it comprises that the light that uses the light wavelength with the wavelength that exists in the cold light that is selected from artificial light sources at least makes described plant cell or tissue exposure.Naturally, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that light described and that be used for the present invention has changed the phytochemical curve (proiile) of the tissue that plant cell or plant tissue for example gathered in herein.Preferably, the combination of light source has comprised ruddiness, and its wavelength can be selected from 600nm-700nm, preferred 620nm-680nm, more preferably 625nm-670nm, and usually about 640nm+/-wavelength of 15nm.The combination of ruddiness or blue light or ruddiness and blue light, the perhaps combination of ruddiness and/or blue light and white light (with any selected energy ratio) can be used for method of the present invention.In a kind of embodiment preferred, described plant cell or plant tissue can be placed under veil." under veil " meaning for example is, described hereinafter further processing is for example freezing or make in the food processing step before can or thermal treatment or the cooking, when exposure, with cell or be organized in placement veil under.
Under the situation that the plant cell that has gathered in or the plant tissue that has gathered in are carried out obtaining advantage the thermal shock (heat shocking), method of the present invention can be in+35 ℃-Yue+45 ℃, for example, and+40, + 41 ,+42 ,+43 ,+44 or+use in 45 ℃ the temperature range several seconds time, for example 30 seconds to a few minutes, and for example 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 or 15 minutes or higher, this depended on plant tissue type and design.Naturally, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that caloric impact temperature should be such, its basic survival ability for the vegetable material that stands the thermal shock step does not have a negative impact.
Aspect other, a kind of method of gathering in plant cell or plant tissue under veil is provided here, wherein said plant cell or plant tissue are exposed to described light from one or more artificial light sources herein.
The one aspect of the present invention that comprises equally is can be by the vegetable material that has gathered in or the plant cell of method acquisition of the present invention, and when comparing with the vegetable material of the light that is not exposed to wavelength used in the inventive method or plant cell, the phytochemical that it has the change amount is typically the phytochemical of rise.
" veil " understood according to common term and can be used for representing that a plant material or plant cell can be placed on container wherein.For example a kind of have a wherein closed container of built-in light source, for example contains the refrigerator device of built-in light source (this light source can activate as required and reach preset time at interval).Therefore,, can use cooling device, for example conventional refrigerator that to launch the light source of blue light in the above described manner that comprises in order to carry out method of the present invention.Perhaps, can represent processing factory with " under veil ", the vegetable material that has wherein gathered in, in process operation, (for example make can, freezing vegetable material), perhaps promptly be engraved in for cookingly in the food of making can or be used for food that infant food makes for example thick soup (purees) waits and further processed food for example before soup, the vegetables type sauce etc., be exposed to the light source that one or more produce the light of one or more suitable wavelength at short notice.
Therefore as an other aspect of the present invention, here provide a kind of can be available from a kind of processed food of food-processing method, described food-processing method comprises making under the plant cell alive described in this article luminous intensity of light with described wavelength herein and exposes.Suitable optical wavelength be described herein those and these be applied to described suitable preset time herein at interval.Additional aspects of the present invention provide a kind of food-processing method, it comprise the plant cell that will live be exposed to from least a artificial light sources, described optical wavelength herein.Typically described (one or more) optical wavelength is selected from described wavelength herein and is applied in the preset time cycle that reaches, and this preset time cycle is enough to change the phytochemical curve of plant cell that is exposed and/or the plant tissue that has gathered in.
" plant cell " also comprises plant part or the tissue that those show aromaticity, and during when cutting or by harvesting, described aromaticity can arrive by people's detected by scent.Such plant can be for example under the situation of cutting grass (herbs), and natural terrain reveals aromaticity from the leaf that is cut.Described plant cell or tissue or part comprise Labiatae (Labiatae) element (member), for example broadleaved herb (broad-leafed herbs).The example of suitable broadleaved herb comprises sweet basil (basil), wild marjoram (oregano), Salvia japonica (sage), coriander (coriander), dill (dill), marjoram (marjoram) and thyme (thyme).Other grass, for example the straw bag that is cut that can benefit from processing of the present invention is drawn together chive (chives), garlic (garlic), bay leaf (bay leaf), lemon balm (lemon balm), peppermint (mint), lavender (lavender), parsley (parsley), for example purple fennel of fennel (fennel) (bronze fennel) and fennel seeds (common fennel) etc.The tabulation of the adaptable common grass more completely of the present invention sees Taylors Guide to Herbs1995, Eds.Buchanan R.﹠amp; Among the Tenebaum F.Houghton Mifflin Co.New York, the instruction of this guide is incorporated herein instruction of the present invention.Naturally, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that when exposing that described plant cell or plant part are also can responding applying the light stimulus that comes from cold light of living according to the present invention.
Plant cell or plant part can be gathered in any stage of growth, as long as this plant cell that has gathered in or tissue can produce response to described wavelength and the light of duration that applies herein.In a kind of embodiment preferred, the plant cell of the broadleaved herb that this has gathered in or tissue are passable, from 3-4 leaf phase (leaf stage), and most preferably under the situation of grass for cooking such as sweet basil, 5 leaf phases, are exposed to optical wavelength used among the present invention.Being plant cell and/or organizing grass for example for cooking and green vegetables of imagination, as described herein, promptly be engraved in processing (for example freeze drying, join process food for example sauce, soup, tinned food etc.) before, exposure is the most useful, that is to say, after the grass of harvesting from the cut substrate (cuttings) of such plant and/or young plant that is provided for processing such as drying.After harvesting, use the grass of the drying of described smooth short time processing immediately herein, particularly, be considered to show the aromaticity of raising with respect to tester (it is not exposed to described light herein) the measurement of 5 leaf phases those.
Artificial light sources (one or more) can be any suitable general type, for example light emitting diode or even contain the white light source of wave filter, described wave filter makes the light with (one or more) expectation wavelength pass through.Light source can be positioned on any position of the material that gathered in of distance, prerequisite is that used luminous energy is enough to influence, for example brings out oxygen in photosystem (photosystem) II reaction center and separates out or make its photosynthetic electronics transfer inhibitory action saturated and/or initiation (promptly causing) moment photooxidation stress and/or appropriateness.The optimization of luminous energy and light component (light composition) can for example use conventional method (for example according to Hansatech InstrumentsLtd., King ' s Lynn, the technological specification of UK and software), separate out with chlorophyll fluorescence and carry out by monitoring oxygen.Preferably light source is placed on every square unit that the vegetable material maximum of having gathered in is provided (cm for example 2, m 2Deng) the position of irradiation on.Suitably, the size that depends on the overlay area, for example add break in the processing factory, perhaps refrigerator or other containers for example micro-wave oven or magnetron (its be equipped with suitable can be manually or light source for example automatically by using timing means to activate, and thus shown in the emission herein and described herein optical wavelength).Perhaps, can use independently container, its specialized designs arrives the light of described wavelength herein with plant part or cellular exposure.In other alternative, the light source number can reach 1 for a short time, for whole " group (battery) " of the series connection and/or the light source of parallel arrangement, for example, in the food processing full-scale plant, each light source is to separate suitably each other with proper spacing, realize by this way vegetable material is exposed to the light of described wavelength herein, this has produced the remarkable change of the amount of the phytochemical that wherein exists, preferably, and the increase of the phytochemical of expectation.
In a kind of other embodiments of the present invention, provide the purposes of blue light in the method for the plant tissue of processing plant cell under the veil or gathering in here from artificial light sources.Preferably, this blue light wavelength is selected from described optical wavelength herein.Blue light can be used in combination with described other optical wavelength herein.
In other embodiments, provide the purposes in the method for the described in this article vegetable material phytochemical content that is used for improving the work of having gathered in of blue light at least here.Preferably, described vegetable material is under veil.
In other embodiments of the present invention, here provide and be exposed to the purposes of plant part in manufacturer's based food of described blue light herein, for example refrigerated vegetables (for example spinach or from the plant part of wild cabbage (Brassica) species) or seed (for example pea), the flavouring bottled or can is adorned, for example be used for meat, the baste of fish and poultry dish (sauces for meat, fish and poultry dishes), flavoring (flavourings) is olive sauce (tapenade) for example, salad dressing (salad dressings), oil for cooking is olive oil (olive oil) for example, sunflower oil (sunflower oil) etc., soup, pasta (pasta) and cheese (cheeses).
As another kind of application the of the present invention, the combination of blue light or ruddiness or ruddiness and blue light can be used for growing plants in greenhouse.Country is for example Dutch on the Northern Hemisphere, the Na Weiya country that this is surveyed, and Belgium, Germany and Britain, many ornamental plantss, the romaine lettuce (lettuce) that is produced from the greenhouse, tomato and other salad vegetables grow under veil.The illumination of supplying with is the gold-tinted form, typically comes from sodium vapor lamp.But, such illuminator lost many as heat energy and can not imitate the blue light of natural daylight, ruddiness or ruddiness and blue spectrum.By regulate irradiation (shone) to the plant blue light and/or the luminous intensity of ruddiness, make the vegetative stage of optimizing plant and improve ripening rate (seed set), plant habit (plant habit) and output (yield) they are possible.Therefore can produce the plant that is in best health status and it has the described phytochemical of supplying fully herein.In another embodiment of the present invention, provide blue light and/or ruddiness improving in greenhouse or hydroponics growing system the purposes in the ripening rate of growing plants under veil here.In addition, another aspect of the present invention provides blue light and/or ruddiness in the purposes that makes in the plant habit optimization that grows in the plant in greenhouse or the hydroponic system.Such purposes provides the more effective production of growing plants under veil in the greenhouse, ornamental plants for example, and the salad plant is romaine lettuce for example, tomato, capsicum (capsicums) etc.
The other aspect according to the present invention, the equipment that is used for implementing each method in the aforementioned aspect is provided here, and this equipment comprises that the shell (enclosure), supporting arrangement (support means) and the light that limit exposure room (exposure chamber) take place and bringing device (lightgenerating and applying means); Described supporting arrangement is arranged in the exposure room so that vegetable material is wherein supported in mode of exposing from a plurality of directions and position, described light takes place and bringing device be used for producing blue light and with the light that produced with preset time during and be applied to the vegetable material that is supported from a plurality of directions, provide thus from the described material that exposes greater than a side.
This shell preferably has casing (housing) shape of any suitable bulk form, cube for example, and it is in some of its side or all seal.The scope of such casing can be: (this class is suitable for family expenses to the small size utensil relatively, for example be similar to the notion of micro-wave oven), (it is applicable to commercial food product making shop (preparation premises) to middle-sized device, dining room for example), large scale device (its bulk materials that is suitable for industrial background is handled, for example food processing factory).In the situation of used in larger sizes, described shell can be taked the form by wall, bottom (base) and top (ceiling) gauge structure, has represented the integral body (integral) of (representing) building or the inner member of cooperation (fitted).
The exposure room that shell limited can have any suitable volume similarly, what only will consider is that it should enough be contained in the light path to the vegetable material that is supported on the direction of whole anticipations greatly, but preferred not big long so that must consume too much energy and guarantee applying of essential luminous intensity to the path that will arrive described material.
The supporting arrangement that is in its basic configuration comprises element, shelf for example, and its formation can be placed the surface of described vegetable material.No matter be to construct in this situation by transparent material (for example glass or transparent plastic), still (the grating for example of the nontransparent in essence or opaque material by having the light through hole, mesh or aperture plate) structure, described element all should be a printing opacity.Kind according to vegetable material, other forms of supporting arrangement is possible equally, the belt of engageable under the material end (engageable) (if having stable form) for example, be used for fixing and stretch or hang the clamp or the clip of described material, with giving me a little supporting material or even pitching one or more safety pins of material or be used for accepting material, particularly loose container of material (no matter transparent or perforation).Many other forms of supporting arrangements also are possible, and prerequisite is the several side that light can reach described material, and purpose is that this material can expose at enough proportional parts of its area.
And, staying in the fixed position of exposure room or move through exposure room according to described vegetable material, supporting arrangement can be that fix or transportable.In the situation that described material moves, supporting arrangement can be fixed, and shell self (comprise light take place and bringing device) can move, so that it is with respect to the supporting arrangement and the material movement (perhaps being reciprocal mode) of being carried.Removable or shell is movably in the situation at supporting arrangement, can form shell with one or more perforates, described perforate defines the outlet/inlet of entrance and exit or combination, and described perforate or each perforate are optional can seal with door or other closed means.
Light takes place and bringing device preferably includes a plurality of light sources, have proper number suitably-arranged speculum single source or be combined with a plurality of light sources of speculum.The use of speculum has reduced cost of energy under the cost of some light intensity decays, described decay may maybe may not be important, depends on the size of exposure room and the amount of pending vegetable material.Therefore the structural parameters of described equipment and the parameter of same concrete processing method are preferably depended in the selection of the number of one or more light sources and speculum and layout.In the small size utensil, to supply with for the ease of energy, light source can be installed in identical conventional zone, the top of exposure room for example, and have speculum at the bottom section of exposure room.The light that selected one or more wavelength are guaranteed on the light exit surface that can directional light sources and the plane on mirror reflects surface is top, bottom or the side of the vegetable material that is supported of aligning directly.As already mentioned, such light source can be the single lamp or the lamp of array, for example incandescent lamp bulb or fluorescence light pipe.Speculum can be a mirror for example, the metallic plate of polishing or be applied to the simple reflex coating or the covering of inner surface of the suitable orientation of shell.Light emission in the described in this article preferred wavelength scope can be by transmitting described or light that each light source is launched to realize by transmission filter (it is the light by selected specific wavelength only).Similarly, the duration that is applied to the light of the vegetable material that is supported can be controlled by relying on the operating voltage that timing means (it has time selector) switches one or more light sources.But, the control of the duration of exposure can realize by other optical means equally, described optical means comprises shielding or shelters vegetable material, shielding or shelter one or more light sources and one or more speculum and influence selectable reflective surface will and become light transmission.Perhaps, when can finishing in the preset time cycle, takes out the described vegetable material of having handled from exposure room, no matter be by spraying (ejection) afterwards in the time of staying (dwell time) with resting state (rest state), still by in during predetermined by wherein leaving exposure room after the motion, such motion comprise the supporting arrangement that support described material mobile and shell (comprising one or more light sources and any speculum that combines) mobile the two.
Light generating apparatus can comprise a plurality of light sources that are used for multi-form light, for example the light source of blue light-emitting, for example one or more blue light-emitting diodes (LED) and the light source that emits white light, for example one or more conventional white light emitting diodes (LED).This light generating apparatus can also comprise the light source that one or more glow, for example one or more red-light LEDs.No matter be the single source that uses the optical wavelength of the selected wavelength of emission in present device, also be to use a plurality of light sources of the combined light of emission different wave length, they all depend on the performance and the purpose of described equipment.
The instruction that is to be understood that whole list of references cited herein all is introduced among the present invention.
The present invention describes referring now to the following examples.Should be understood that these embodiment can not be interpreted as limitation of the scope of the invention.
Table 1
Figure A200780003612D00211
The embodiment part
A. broccoli (Broccoli)
Tester: sample 1.1-1.3 is from the broccoli (broccoli florets) in supermarket.Before using up processing by chemical examination measure ascorbic amount in the sample (people such as Foyer. (1983) Planta157:239-44; Wise ﹠amp; Naylor (1987) Plant Physiol.83:278-82; People such as Yoshimura. (2000) Plant Physiol.123:223-33).
Sample 2.1-2.3 is the broccoli (broccoli florets) of following processing: i) white light of strengthening with blue light (light source distance sample 50cm) is handled 4 hours (white lights that the blue light of 600 μ E+/-50 is strengthened, it is from Halogen lamp LED (Quartzline EHJ, 250W, 24V light is available from GeneralElectric) and (15min opens ii) to use other 15min pulse; 15min closes; Light source distance sample 30cm) independent blue light (20 μ E+/-3, by LED produce ( 333/2UBC/C340, GaN/SiC is provided by Everlight Electronics Co.Ltd.Taipai 236 Taiwan)Used same 4 hours.
Use the used identical chemical examination of tester to measure ascorbic amount.
Sample 3.1-3.3 is 4 hours broccoli of White-Light processing (broccoli florets) (light source distance sample the 50cm) (white light of only strengthening with blue light that the blue light of 600 μ E+/-50 is strengthened, it is from Halogen lamp LED (Quartzline EHJ, 250W, 24V light is available from GeneralElectric).
The result is illustrated in the table 1.
B. rocket salad (Rocket)
Tester: sample 4.1-4.3 is the sample that arrow romaine lettuce (rocket lettuce) arranged from the supermarket.Before using up processing by chemical examination measure ascorbic amount in the sample (people such as Foyer. (1983) Planta 157:239-44; Wise ﹠amp; Naylor (1987) Plant Physiol.83:278-82; People such as Yoshimura. (2000) Plant Physiol.123:223-33).
Sample 5.1-5.3 be following processing arrow romaine lettuce (rocket lettuce) leaf arranged: i) white light (light source distance sample 50cm) strengthened of blue light is handled 4 hours (white light that the blue light from Halogen lamp LED of 600 μ E+/-50 is strengthened is as described in top broccoli (broccoli) embodiment) and (15min opens ii) to use other 15min pulse; 15min closes; Light source distance sample 30cm) independent blue light (50 μ E+/-5 are produced by LED, and embodiment is used as top broccoli (broccoli)) was used same 4 hours.
Use the used identical chemical examination of tester to measure ascorbic amount.
Sample 6.1-6.3 be the White-Light processing only strengthened with blue light 4 hours have arrow romaine lettuce (Rocket lettuce) leaf (light source distance sample 50cm) (white light that the blue light from Halogen lamp LED of 600 μ E+/-50 is strengthened, as mentioned above).
Use the used identical chemical examination of tester to measure ascorbic amount.
The result is illustrated in the table 1.
C. pea
Pea be as provide above be used for broccoli and the rocket salad sample is described handles.Observe the variation of ascorbic amount.
D. green wild cabbage
Available from the green wild cabbage in supermarket be as provide above be used for broccoli and the rocket salad sample is described handles.Observe the variation of ascorbic amount.
E. green soya bean
Available from the green soya bean in supermarket be as provide above be used for broccoli and the rocket salad sample is described handles.Observe the variation of ascorbic amount.
F. sugar pea
Available from the sugar pea (green pea) in supermarket be as provide above be used for broccoli and the rocket salad sample is described handles.Observe the variation of ascorbic amount.
The improvement of the nutritive value of the vegetables of having gathered in by using ruddiness and blue light in cryogenic temperature (chilling temperature).
Here provide the method that some suitable light of the plant part that a kind of explanation gathered in is handled, it can be used at household electric refrigerator or storage has been gathered in commerce refrigeration and other storage area fresh plant product.
Material and method
Broccoli, French salad (Rome) romaine lettuce (French salad (roman) lettuce), sugar pea and green pepper (green peppers) (capsicum (capsicums)) are available from local supermarket.
With vegetable material in refrigerator in the dark (0 ℃-1 ℃, 80% relative moisture) placed 10 days.
During this period, use is exposed to this vegetable material at the optical display unit of the described customization of Britain common pending application application GB 06 23636.8 (its instruction is incorporated herein) blue light and the ruddiness of combination, described display has comprised 12 ruddiness-optical diodes and 12 blue light-optical diodes, be respectively ' Lumiled ' LXHL-LD3C (trade mark) diode and ' Lumiled ' LXHL-LR3C (trade mark) diode.In making up down during 10 days, the light of the luminous intensity that described plant part is given below is exposed to the blue light and the ruddiness condition of combination 2.5 hours every days: 0 ℃, and blue light (B) 5 μ E * s-1m-2 (0.5W) and red (R) light 10 μ E * s-1m-2 (1.0W).Light source distance shelf 35cm.
At on-test T 0The time and be exposed to above-mentioned light, temperature and humidity condition second, carry out the vitamin and the sugariness analysis of sample after the 4th and the 8th day.The vegetable material of contrast is kept in the same refrigerator, but is in the dark.
Sugariness
Sugariness be with pocket refractometer according to the directions for use of manufacturer (the pocket refractometer of PAL-3 (Pocket Refractometer),
Figure A200780003612D00241
Tokyo, Japan) measure.Just be exposed to ruddiness at each embodiment: before the blue light combination sample is measured at every turn.
Vitamin C
Use the amount of the described method in this area by chemically examining the vitamin C (ascorbic acid) of measuring whole samples (people such as Foyer. (1983) Planta 157:239-44; Wise ﹠amp; Naylor (1987) Plant Physiol.83:278-82; People such as Yoshimura. (2000) Plant Physiol.123:223-33).
Result and discussion
The general conditions of plant in process of the test
In first a couple of days that vegetable material is exposed to above-mentioned condition (less than 4 days), compare with keeping adusk check plant material, do not observe the loss of described vegetable material notable difference and initial weight and freshness aspect aging.But, reaching thereafter at 4 days, it is obvious that difference becomes.The vegetable material that exposed (being the test plant material) comparison usually is in better state according to vegetable material.After 7 days, observe the aging and decomposing phenomenon of check plant material, and the test plant material remains on well or unusual good state.And after a week, the test plant material has pleasant smell, and the formed feature of check plant material only is the strong smell that wears out and decompose.During 7 days, difference becomes apparent.Data consistent in these observed results and the table 1 and 2 (following).
Sugariness
Compare with the check plant that remains on 0 ℃, after the combination that is exposed to (table 1) as described below 0 ℃, ruddiness and blue light, the sugariness of whole analyzed plants increases (being determined as Brix Scale (Brix) index).The increase of sugar amount is because the photosynthetic switching of test plant causes.Be well known that photosynthesis is with CO 2And H 2The chemical energy that O is converted into sugar and stores with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) form.In the vegetable material in being stored in dark the acceleration of the reduction of viewed sugar amount and this vegetable material aging and decompose relevant, its respiration relevant (sugared and lipid-metabolism is converted into chemical energy) with increase.
Table 1. romaine lettuce, broccoli, the sugariness of pea and green pepper (Brix Scale).Different time point (T after ruddiness and blue light combined treatment 0, the 2nd day, the 4th day and the 8th day) sampling.
Figure A200780003612D00251
Vitamin C
The variation of sugariness amount is accompanied by the increase (table 2) of ascorbic amount.
In the vegetable material of blue light that is exposed to combination and ruddiness, observe the increase of Vitamin C content.In a word, this result represents that the blue light that makes up and ruddiness handles the optimum of having brought increasing aspect sugariness and the Vitamin C content.
This shows that the vegetable material that has gathered in ruddiness and blue light processing can increase vitamin and sugared amount and the plant that prevents to be stored in the refrigerator and wear out.
Table 2. romaine lettuce, broccoli, the Vitamin C content of sugar pea and green pepper (μ mol/ initial weight g).Different time point (T after the combined treatment of ruddiness and blue light 0, the 2nd day, the 4th day and the 8th day) sampling.
Figure A200780003612D00261
Use the quick improvement of nutritive value of the vegetables of having gathered in of high-intensity blue light and ruddiness by room temperature
Introduction
Here propose a kind of method, its some suitable light that the plant part that gathered in has been described are handled, and this method can be used for before consumption at once the nutritive value of the fresh plant product that improvement fast gathered in.
Material and method
Broccoli, green pepper (pepper) (capsicum) and wild cabbage are available from local supermarket.
At first vegetable material is immersed in the water of glass a mixing bowl, and was exposed to high-intensity combine red and blue light immediately 45 minutes.
The green plants material is that to be exposed to above-mentioned optical condition in below the light combination maximum 45 minutes: 20 ℃, and ruddiness (R) 340 μ E (34.0W) and blue light (B) 200 μ E * s-1m-2 (20W).
At on-test (T 0) time and be exposed to given optical condition and temperature 15 (T 15), 30 (T 30) and 45 (T 45) minute after sample analysis vitamin and sugariness.The tester plant remains in the dark and at T 0And T 45Sample analysis vitamin and sugariness.
Sugariness
Sugariness be with pocket refractometer according to the directions for use of manufacturer (the pocket refractometer of PAL-3,
Figure A200780003612D00271
Tokyo, Japan) measure.
Vitamin C
Use the amount of the described method in this area by chemically examining the vitamin C (ascorbic acid) of measuring whole samples (people such as Foyer. (1983) Planta 157:239-44; Wise ﹠amp; Naylor (1987) Plant Physiol.83:278-82; People such as Yoshimura. (2000) Plant Physiol.123:223-33).
Result and discussion
Sugariness
Compare with keeping adusk unexposed vegetable material, after the combination of 20 ℃ of ruddiness that is exposed to (table 1) as described below and blue light, the sugariness of whole analyzed vegetable materials (being determined as the Brix Scale index) increases.The increase of sugar amount is because the increase of the vegetable material photosynthesis activity of exposing causes.Be well known that photosynthesis is with CO 2And H 2The chemical energy that O is converted into sugar and stores with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) form.
Table 1. broccoli, the sugariness of wild cabbage and green pepper (Brix Scale).Described in this article combine red and blue light are handled the back at different time points (T 0, 15 (T 15), 30 (T 30) and 45 (T 45) min) sampling.
Vitamin C
The variation of sugariness amount is accompanied by the increase (table 2) of vitamin C amount.
In the vegetable material of blue light that is exposed to combination and ruddiness, observe the increase (referring to table 2) of Vitamin C content.In a word, this result represents that the high strength blue light that makes up and ruddiness handles the optimum of having brought increasing fast aspect sugariness and the Vitamin C content.
This shows before consumption at once and handle the amount that the vegetable material part of having gathered in can increase vitamin and sugar fast with ruddiness and blue light.
Table 2. broccoli, the Vitamin C content of wild cabbage and green pepper (μ mol/ initial weight g).After ruddiness and blue light combined treatment at different time points (T 0, 15 (T 15), 30 (T 30) and 45min (T 45)) sampling.
With reference now to accompanying drawing,, a kind of front elevation that schematically is suitable for implementing the equipment 10 of the exemplary method of the present invention of its expression.Only for example purposes, equipment 10 has the form of the household electrical appliance that are suitable for the kitchen use, and comprise casing 11, casing 11 is cube shaped and top, bottom and three walls with permanent closure normally, the 4th wall (not shown), the 4th wall is as the door that passes in and out this box house.
Described casing gauge exposure room, it has glass plate 12 in about position of central authorities, glass plate 12 is as the supporting of the vegetable material 13 of the processing light in exposure room of waiting to expose.Only producing like this by three separated light sources 14, light source 14 is arranged in the upper area of exposure room and has light exit surface 15, described surperficial 15 are orientated usually towards the top of the glass plate 12 and therefore upper surface of carrying vegetable material thereon of light guiding, and usually in the side of glass plate with the bottom of light guiding towards exposure room.The speculum 16 of mirror form is arranged near the bottom and intercepts the light of side surface direction with such position, the speculum 16 of described mirror form have a certain degree so that incident light below glass plate 12 and the lower surface of vegetable material therefore, this lower surface is exposed by the transparency of glass plate.The shown position of speculum 16 and relevant folded light beam only is used to exemplify, and further can provide such speculum to come with respect to the plane anteversion and retroversion of accompanying drawing folded light beam tiltedly.Therefore be bearing in the material 13 on the glass plate 12, following thereon two surfaces with different angles, at its side surface, are exposed.Have been found that the light source of such layout and speculum provide a kind of and effectively be exposed to the light that is produced and have compromise proposal between the simple structure of economical operations cost at the vegetable material that will be supported.
Described light source comprises that transmission filter only makes the light of selected one or more 400-700mm wavelength pass through, and therefore by 17 these light sources of control of the programmable timer in the supply power 18, purpose is to launch light with predetermined periods, and this period is enough to realize the transient change of expectation of the phytochemical of the cell of processed vegetable material or tissue.
Therefore described utensil suitably is used to implement described processing method before can promptly being engraved in the cooking or consuming processed material.

Claims (63)

1. the method for the change amount that contains at least a phytochemical in the chlorophyllous plant tissue that contains chlorophyllous plant cell or gathered in of having gathered in, described plant cell or described plant tissue can carry out photosynthesis, and/or can absorb this blue light by on this plant cell or plant tissue surface, only shining blue light, the luminous intensity of wherein shining the blue light on described plant cell surface or described plant tissue surface is enough to cause Biochemical processes in described plant cell or described plant tissue, changes the amount of at least a phytochemical wherein thus.
2. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the luminous intensity of blue light of the plant cell that gathered in of irradiation or plant tissue is at least 5 little Einstein+/-3 little Einstein.
3. according to the method for claim 1 or 2, wherein the luminous intensity of the blue light of the plant cell that gathered in of irradiation or plant tissue is the 5 little Einstein+little Einstein of/-3 little Einstein-maximum 400+/-50 little Einstein.
4. according to each method among the claim 1-3, wherein said blue light is used from least the first light source, and described ruddiness is used from secondary light source at least.
5. according to the method for claim 4, the combined light intensity from blue light and red-light source of wherein shining plant cell or plant tissue is the 15 little Einstein+little Einstein of/-5 little Einstein-maximum 300+/-50 little Einstein.
6. according to the method for claim 5, wherein said luminous intensity is the 15 little Einstein+little Einstein of/-5 little Einstein-maximum 200+/-20 little Einstein.
7. according to each method among the claim 4-6, wherein said luminous intensity is the 15 little Einstein+little Einstein of/-5 little Einstein-maximum 150+/-15 little Einstein.
8. according to each method among the claim 4-7, wherein said luminous intensity is 40 little Einstein+/-10 little Einstein.
9. according to each method among the claim 1-8, wherein blue light wavelength is 420nm-490nm.
10. according to the method for claim 9, wherein blue light wavelength is 430nm-470nm.
11. according to the method for claim 9 or 10, wherein said blue light wavelength is 435nm-465nm.
12. according to each method among the claim 4-11, wherein red light wavelength is 600nm-700nm.
13. according to the method for claim 12, wherein blue light: the energy ratio of ruddiness is 7:1-1:7.
14. according to the method for claim 13, wherein blue light: the energy ratio of ruddiness is 6:1-1:6.
15. according to the method for claim 13 or 14, wherein blue light: the energy ratio of ruddiness is 5:1-1:5.
16. according to each method among the claim 13-15, wherein blue light: the energy ratio of ruddiness is 2:1-1:2.
17. according to each method among the claim 13-16, wherein blue light: the energy ratio of ruddiness is 1:1.
18. according to each method among the claim 1-17, wherein environmental temperature is-0.5 ℃ to 45 ℃.
19. according to the method for claim 18, wherein environmental temperature is-0.5 ℃ to 18 ℃.
20. according to the method for claim 18 or 19, wherein environmental temperature be 1 ℃-Yue 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 or 16 ℃.
21. according to each method among the claim 18-20, wherein environmental temperature is 1 ℃-12 ℃.
22. according to each method among the claim 1-21, wherein this method is to carry out in the relative moisture of 60%-100%RH.
23. according to each method among the claim 1-22, wherein the light from described one or more light sources shines on described plant cell or the plant tissue surface at interval with preset time.
24. according to the method for claim 23, the wherein said time interval is selected from pulse or the continuous time interval.
25. according to the method for claim 23 or 24, the wherein said time interval is that described preset frequency continued on the time cycle in the time interval that lasts longer than described pulse with predetermined frequency pulse.
26. according to the method for claim 25, the wherein said time cycle is maximum 96 hours.
27. according to the method for claim 25 or 26, wherein for each light pulse, the described time interval is 1 second-120 minutes.
28. according to the method for claim 27, the wherein said time interval is 1 minute-60 minutes.
29. according to each method among the claim 23-27, the wherein said time interval is 5 minutes-45 minutes.
30. according to each method among the claim 23-29, the time interval of wherein said pulse is 10 minutes-30 minutes.
31. according to each method among the claim 23-30, the wherein said time interval is 10 minutes-20 minutes.
32. according to the method for claim 31, wherein the time interval is 15 minutes.
33., be 30 minutes-maximum 96 hours continuous time interval wherein in the above time interval duration according to the method for claim 23 or 24.
34. according to the method for claim 33, the wherein said time interval is 60 minutes-96 hours.
35. according to the method for claim 33 or 34, the wherein said time interval is 60 minutes-maximum 48 hours.
36. according to the method for claim 35, the wherein said time interval is 60 minutes-maximum 24 hours.
37. according to the method for claim 36, the wherein said time interval is 60 minutes-maximum 12 hours.
38. according to each method among the claim 1-37, plant cell that has wherein gathered in or plant tissue are selected from and can carry out photosynthetic plant tissue, wherein can carry out green stem, calyx and the leaf that photosynthetic plant tissue is selected from higher plant, alga cells, the cell culture of moss protonema and edible and/or unedible or distasteful high and rudimentary plant species.
39. according to the method for claim 38, plant cell that has wherein gathered in or plant tissue are available from plant, it is selected from grass, catharanthus roseus, taxaceae plant, cannabis plants, green vegetables and green seed.
40. method according to claim 38, plant cell that has wherein gathered in or plant tissue are available from plant, it is selected from catharanthus roseus, pea, green soya bean, spinach, sugar pea (green pea), the wild cabbage species are broccoli for example, green wild cabbage, red cabbage, brussels sprout, the sphere diameter wild cabbage, cauliflower, white wild cabbage, romaine lettuce, Chinese cabbage (Chinese cabbage), the protonema of moss tissue such as small liwan moss, lemnospora species culture, the alga cells culture, somatic embryo group and fruit is tomato for example, apple, grape, underdone (green) banana, mango, kiwi fruit and pineapple.
41. according to each method among the claim 1-40, wherein at least a phytochemical is selected from antioxidant.
42. according to the method for claim 41, wherein phytochemical is selected from vitamin C and vitamin E.
43. a plant material or plant cell, it can obtain by each method among the claim 1-42.
44. a processed food, it comprises the vegetable material of having handled or the plant cell that can obtain by each method among the claim 1-43.
45. blue light and/or ruddiness are grown in purposes in the ripening rate of the plant in greenhouse or the hydroponic system in raising.
46. blue light and/or the purposes of ruddiness in the plant habit of the plant of optimized growth in greenhouse or hydroponic system.
47. one kind is used for carrying out each the equipment of method of claim 1-43, it comprises that the shell, supporting arrangement and the light that limit exposure room take place and bringing device; Described supporting arrangement is arranged in the exposure room so that vegetable material is wherein supported in mode of exposing from a plurality of directions and position, described light takes place and bringing device be used for producing blue light and with the light that produced with preset time during and be applied to the vegetable material that is supported from a plurality of directions, provide thus from the described material that exposes greater than a side.
48. according to the equipment of claim 47, wherein said shell has in its box shape of some side-closed at least.
49. according to the equipment of claim 47, wherein said equipment is desk-top household electrical appliance.
50. according to the equipment of claim 47, wherein said shell comprises the structure by wall, bottom and top gauge, wherein at least some are provided by the inner member whole or that cooperate of building.
51. according to each equipment among the claim 47-50, wherein said exposure room is made into such size, purpose is the minimal consumption for the work capacity of given light generation and bringing device, and the optical path length in most of at least (majority) direction can be exposed to predetermined luminous intensity with described material.
52. according to each equipment among the claim 47-51, wherein supporting arrangement is so arranged, purpose is the several side that light can reach described material, and its predetermined minimum scale at its area is exposed to light.
53. according to each equipment among the claim 47-52, wherein supporting arrangement comprises the element with surface, can place described material on this surface.
54. according to the equipment of claim 53, wherein said element has permeable material of light and/or structure.
55. each desired equipment among the claim 47-54, wherein supporting arrangement and shell are relative to each other movably.
56. according to each equipment among the claim 47-55, wherein light takes place and bringing device comprises that a plurality of light sources launch light with different directions.
57. according to each equipment among the claim 47-56, wherein light takes place to comprise that with bringing device single source reflects the light from light source with a plurality of speculums with different directions.
58. according to each equipment among the claim 47-54, wherein light takes place and bringing device comprises that a plurality of light sources and a plurality of speculums come to launch light and reverberation with different directions respectively.
59. according to each equipment among the claim 56-58, wherein said or each light source comprises light emitting diode.
60. according to each equipment among the claim 47-59, wherein light takes place and bringing device comprises that light launches and/or light reflection element, it is arranged in a plurality of sides of shell.
61. according to the desired equipment of claim 60, wherein light takes place and bringing device is further operationally launched at least a in blue light and the ruddiness.
62. according to each equipment among the claim 47-61, it comprises that switching device shifter cuts off light and takes place and bringing device behind the running predetermined period of time.
63. according to each equipment among the claim 47-62, it comprises that timing means selects the preset time cycle.
CNA2007800036124A 2006-01-26 2007-01-25 Plant treatment method and means therefor Pending CN101374406A (en)

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