CN101369782B - Control method of unit series connection type high voltage frequency convertor - Google Patents

Control method of unit series connection type high voltage frequency convertor Download PDF

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CN101369782B
CN101369782B CN200710052953A CN200710052953A CN101369782B CN 101369782 B CN101369782 B CN 101369782B CN 200710052953 A CN200710052953 A CN 200710052953A CN 200710052953 A CN200710052953 A CN 200710052953A CN 101369782 B CN101369782 B CN 101369782B
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frequency
unit
phase
high voltage
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CN101369782A (en
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王宏英
查晓明
褚立峰
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HUBEI SANHUAN DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a control method for an unit tandem type high voltage frequency converter, which uses PWM and rectangle stack wave control mode altogether as well as non perturbation switch, and is suitable for unit tandem type high voltage frequency converters or similar power conversion devices, wherein the non perturbation switch technology also provides effective reference for other mixing control mode smooth switching. The method is characterized in that when the high voltage frequency converter outputs higher frequency, a rectangle stack wave control technique is used, thus the DC voltage utilization ratio is improved greatly, also the power device switch frequency is reduced greatly under the condition of meeting the request of small containing rate, and the switching loss is reduced furthest. By means of using the load power equalizing technology, the problem of unit power unbalance in the rectangle stack wave control technique is resolved. In addition, non perturbation smooth alteration of the output waveform is assured when switching the two control modes by means of using non perturbation switch.

Description

A kind of control method of unit series connection type high voltage frequency convertor
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric automatization control field, the control method that more specifically relates to a kind of unit series connection type high voltage frequency convertor, be to mix in the tandem high voltage converter to use phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control and ripple control of rectangle heap and undisturbed switching method thereof, be applicable to any similar units series electrical force conversion system.
Background technology
Development along with power electronic technology, high voltage converter is at national economy every field such as electric power, metallurgy, petrochemical industry, and industries such as running water are widely used, its importance is also outstanding thereupon, but the place that the performance of high voltage converter own still exists many needs to improve.The advantage of high voltage converter is to improve working characteristics, and it is remarkable to save electric energy, and its output waveform and loss own are two importances investigating the converter technology performance index.And these two aspects depend primarily on the control method of output waveform.In the unit series high-voltage frequency converter, generally adopt two kinds of control modes now, the one, phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control mode, it is identical at homophase cells modulate ripple, the three-phase modulations ripple differs under 120 ° the situation successively, according to the number of unit that every phase is connected, the carrier phase of each unit of homophase differs the modulator approach of some angles successively.Its advantage is that high voltage converter has good output waveform, and harmonic content is little, each unit power output equilibrium; Shortcoming is that the switching frequency of power cell increases thereupon when the high voltage converter output voltage frequency is higher, and switching loss strengthens; Switching dead time also can increase along with the increase of switching frequency, makes frequency converter output voltage seriously on the low side, influences the frequency converter output accuracy.Another kind is to adopt rectangle heap ripple control mode, it is the rectangular pulse waveform of each unit output certain width in one-period, utilize the different square wave stack output of a plurality of power cell pulsewidths, the control mode that makes output voltage waveforms and the equivalence of ideal sinusoidal waveform.Its advantage is that the switching frequency of power cell is little, and switching loss is low, and the life-span of power device prolongs, and there is not the influence of Dead Time in direct voltage utilance height, and software control method is simple; Shortcoming is that wave distortion is serious, the relative harmonic content height when the output frequency of high voltage converter hangs down.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be to provide a kind of control method of unit series connection type high voltage frequency convertor, mix and use phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control and the control of rectangle heap ripple, this method is simple and practical, not only can improve output voltage wave, and reduced the switching loss of frequency converter, realized that the two-way no disturbance of control mode takes over seamlessly.
Described unit series connection type high voltage frequency convertor mainly is made up of phase shifting transformer, power cell and control circuit, the primary side of phase shifting transformer links to each other with electrical network, numerous secondary winding (winding quantity is suitable with power cell quantity, and power cell quantity is by the decision of frequency converter voltage grade) power cell continuous (routine techniques) corresponding with it.
Each power cell structure is identical, mainly by fuse, and rectifier diode, filter capacitor, device for power switching constitutes.Six rectifier diodes constitute the three phase full wave rectification bridge, and three-phase alternating-current supply is connected with the input of rectifier bridge through overcurrent fuse.The output of rectifier bridge is in parallel with the capacitor group that filter capacitor is formed.Device for power switching (as IGBT) constitutes H type inverter bridge, the input of inverter bridge links to each other with the capacitor group that filtering capacitor is formed, output is connected with other unit outputs as the output of each power cell, output voltage grade and the required output voltage grade of frequency converter according to power cell, frequency converter is every to be formed (as single power cell output 690V by some power unit cascades, frequency converter output 3KV, then every 3 power cells that need mutually to connect), three-phase adopts star connection, and output directly links to each other with motor.Unit series connection type high voltage frequency convertor structure present stage is widely adopted, and technology is also quite ripe.Based on existing topological structure as mentioned above, a kind of unit series connection type high voltage frequency convertor control method is as follows:
As high voltage converter output frequency f<f Ref(f Ref∈ [40Hz, 50Hz] or be not limited to this scope) time, adopt phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control technology, as high voltage converter output frequency f 〉=f Ref(f Ref∈ [40Hz, 50Hz] or be not limited to this scope) time, adopt rectangle heap ripple control technology, and two-way the taking over seamlessly of no disturbance of control mode when realizing that output frequency changes.
Phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control is under the identical situation of homophase cells modulate ripple, the number of unit that will connect according to every phase, and the carrier phase of each unit of homophase differs some angles successively.
Figure S07152953220070911D000031
For three unit of three-phase same position (such as A Unit the 2nd, B Unit the 2nd and C Unit the 2nd mutually mutually mutually, hereinafter to be referred as A2, B2, C2), its modulation waveform differs 120 ° successively, carrier wave will be according to high voltage converter unit number altogether, differs some angles (angle of determining according to carrier frequency) successively.
Figure S07152953220070911D000032
Phase-shifting carrier wave PWM not only has the good reputation of perfect harmony when being controlled at the output of high voltage converter low frequency, good output waveform, and relative harmonic content is low, and switching frequency is lower, and switching loss is less, and each cell power output is balanced.
Rectangle heap ripple control technology is the rectangular pulse waveform of each unit output certain width in one-period, utilizes the different square wave stack of a plurality of unit output pulse width, the control mode that makes output voltage waveforms and the equivalence of ideal sinusoidal waveform.In the voltage output cycle, the switch number of times of power cell is 1.
Adopt unit power output balancing technique, solve the unbalanced problem of cell power in the rectangle heap ripple control mode.Its principle can be sketched and be: the square waveform of each unit output is carried out by turns in the some all after dates of every process, homophase, the power output equilibrium of each unit in assurance is long-time.When 3 units in series are arranged mutually, might as well be example mutually when every with A, supposes to have three unit to be respectively A1, A2, A3, T are the cycle of output voltage waveforms, at 0~nT in the time (n is any natural number), and unit A1, A2, it is a that the A3 correspondence is output as the rectangle width, b, c (might as well suppose a<b<c); NT~2nT is in the time, unit A1, and A2, the corresponding output of A3 rectangle width is b, c, a; 2nT~3nT is in the time, unit A1, and A2, the corresponding output of A3 rectangle width is c, a, b; With this by turns output that circulates, guaranteed long-time in each power cell exert oneself equal substantially.
When high voltage converter is exported at high frequency, adopt rectangle heap ripple control mode, not only switching loss is low, the life-span of power device prolongs, and there is not the influence of Dead Time in direct voltage utilance height, control method is simple, and the voltage harmonic containing ratio obviously reduces, and voltage waveform distortion is little, and relative harmonic content is suitable with phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control mode.
Because rectangle heap ripple control mode can effectively improve the direct voltage utilance up to 10%, when unit direct current supply undertension, adopt rectangle heap ripple control mode can guarantee that frequency converter voltage output is normal.On another meaning, when output voltage one timing, adopt rectangle heap ripple control mode can reduce unit dc voltage grade, reduced insulating requirements simultaneously to unit.
According to the requirement of frequency converter operating state and motor load thereof, determine switching frequency point f flexibly Ref, principle mainly contains: guarantee that one, the current of electric relative harmonic content is low, the motor disturbance is little.Two, guarantee that the output voltage size satisfies the motor load requirement.Under the situation of these two principles, adopt the control of rectangle heap ripple control mode as far as possible, otherwise adopt phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control mode.
The present invention contains the two-way smooth-switching method of a kind of no disturbance, when frequency by height when low (or from low to high) changes, guarantee that phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control and rectangle pile the ripple control mode and do not have that disturbance is two-way to be taken over seamlessly.
No disturbance switching mode, as its name suggests, frequency converter output voltage is little to load shock before and after switching.When frequency converter had just started, frequency was lower, and high voltage converter adopts phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control mode, along with the rising of output frequency, when frequency reaches frequency switching point f RefThe time, catch frequency converter output voltage phase place zero crossing, rectangle is piled ripple control waveform phase place force each power cell of zero clearing output control, in order to avoid produce impulse current.In like manner, reach frequency switching point f by height to low the variation when output frequency RefThe time, catch frequency converter output voltage phase place zero crossing, phase-shifting carrier wave pwm waveform phase place is forced each power cell of zero clearing output control.
The present invention compared with prior art, have the following advantages and effect: when the high voltage converter output frequency is higher, use rectangle heap ripple control technology, not only improved the direct voltage utilance, and satisfying under the little requirement of relative harmonic content, the power device switching frequency is reduced greatly, reduced switching loss to greatest extent.Working load power equalization technology has solved the unbalanced problem of cell power in the rectangle heap ripple control technology.Adopt no disturbance handoff technique in addition, output waveform does not have disturbance and smoothly changes when guaranteeing two kinds of control modes switchings.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 power unit cascade formula high voltage converter structural representation.
Wherein: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-H bridge power unit, 10-phase shifting transformer
Fig. 2 conventional H bridge power unit structural representation.
Wherein: 11A, 11B, 11C-fuse, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 12F-rectifier diode, 13-filter capacitor, 14A, 14B, 14C, 14D, 14E, 14F-device for power switching such as IGBT.
Fig. 3 rectangle heap ripple control waveform schematic diagram
15,16,17 are the voltage waveform that a unit produces, and 18 is that 15,16 and 17 3 unit output waveforms are formed by stacking.
Two kinds of control modes of Fig. 4 do not have disturbance changeover program flow chart
Two kinds of control mode switching waveforms of Fig. 5 schematic diagram
When control mode was switched, seizure voltage output phase zero crossing carried out the Waveform Control mode constantly and switches, and the transient process disturbance is little.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail below:
The present invention mixes in a kind of high voltage converter to use phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control and rectangle heap ripple control mode and do not have the disturbance handoff technique, and it is applicable to the unit series connection type high voltage frequency convertor or the similar power-converting device of open loop or closed-loop control.In conjunction with the advantage of two class Waveform Control modes of high voltage converter common employing of present stage, the present invention proposes a kind of New Scheme of mixing the two class Waveform Control modes of use and realizing the two-way switching of no disturbance.
Because the units in series number of unit series connection type high voltage frequency convertor is different different because of the frequency converter voltage grade, this embodiment is example explanation (those skilled in the art know) with 3 units in series.
As shown in Figure 1, described unit series connection type high voltage frequency convertor is mainly by phase shifting transformer 10, power cell 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and control loop form, the primary side of phase shifting transformer 10 links to each other with electrical network, numerous secondary winding power cell corresponding with it is continuous.The output of frequency converter connects motor (M among the figure).
Each power cell structure is identical, as shown in Figure 2, mainly by fuse 11A, 11B, 11C, rectifier diode 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D, 12E, 12F, filter capacitor 13, device for power switching 14A, 14B, 14C, 14D, 14E, 14F constitutes.Six rectifier diodes constitute the three phase full wave rectification bridge, and the secondary side of phase shifting transformer 10 is connected with the input of rectifier bridge through overcurrent fuse.The output of rectifier bridge is in parallel with the capacitor group that filter capacitor 13 is formed.Device for power switching (can adopt IGBT) constitutes H type inverter bridge, and the input of inverter bridge links to each other with the capacitor group that filtering capacitor 13 is formed, and output is connected with other unit outputs as the output of power cell.Every have 3 units in series to form mutually, and three-phase adopts star connection, and output directly links to each other with motor.Unit series connection type high voltage frequency convertor topological structure present stage is widely adopted, and technology is also quite ripe.Based on existing topological structure as mentioned above, the present invention proposes a kind of new control method.
Adopt phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control: when the frequency converter output frequency is low, if the frequency switching point is 45Hz (switching point of the present invention is not limited to this), adopt phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control, adopt triangular wave as carrier wave, sinusoidal or its differentiation and the waveform that comes as the sine wave of stack triple-frequency harmonics as modulating wave.Homophase cells modulate waveform is all identical with phase place, and carrier phase differs successively For three unit (such as the power cell among Fig. 11,4,7) of locating same position in the homophase not, its modulation waveform is identical, and phase place differs 120 ° successively, and carrier phase differs successively
Figure S07152953220070911D000082
Each unit controls signal is modulated mutually with corresponding carrier wave by the modulating wave of correspondence and is obtained.Can get the phase angle such as the following table (carrier wave and the modulating wave phase angle of establishing Unit 1 are 0 °, but it is arbitrarily) of the waveform of each unit according to above analysis.
Figure S07152953220070911D000083
Adopt rectangle heap wave-wave shape control output: when high voltage converter output frequency during more than or equal to 45Hz, the control mode phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control that present stage generally adopts when still being low frequency output, and the present invention is in conjunction with both pluses and minuses, adopt rectangle heap ripple control mode, its principle is that each unit output voltage waveforms is the square waveform of width-adjustable joint in the one-period, utilize the different square wave of a plurality of unit pulsewidth stack output, make final output voltage waveforms and the equivalence of dreamboat waveform.Fig. 3 is the waveform schematic diagram that adopts the rectangle heap ripple control way of output.Observe schematic diagram as can be known: in the one-period, the power device switch of each power cell is 1 time only, compares other modulation systems and reduces greatly, and switching loss reduces to greatest extent, does not also have the Dead Time problem.In addition, problem such as to exist each power cell to exert oneself unbalanced in order to solve in the application, and the input harmonics neutralization effect is undesirable, the output waveform of each power cell is carried out by turns.As Fig. 3, establish the cycle that T is an output voltage waveforms, 0~nT in the time (n is any natural number, down with), unit 1,2,3 correspondences are output as waveform 15, waveform 16, waveform 17; NT~2nT is in the time, unit 1,2, and 3 correspondences are output as waveform 16, waveform 17, waveform 15; 2nT~3nT is in the time, unit 1,2, and 3 correspondences are output as waveform 17, waveform 15, waveform 16.In like manner can obtain the alternating mode of each unit of other two-phase, with this output by turns that circulates, each power cell was exerted oneself equal substantially in assurance was long-time.
When frequency by height when low (or from low to high) changes, pile the ripple control mode and do not have that disturbance is two-way to be taken over seamlessly for guaranteeing phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control and rectangle, adopt the two-way smooth-switching method of no disturbance, flow chart such as Fig. 4, before being to switch, its key must catch the current output voltage phase place, wait for phase place zero crossing enforcement switching, guarantee that output voltage waveforms seamlessly transits.Concrete steps are as follows:
The first step: program begins;
Second step: phase-shifting carrier wave PWM Waveform Control output (19), adopt phase-shifting carrier wave PWM technology control output waveform;
The 3rd step: output frequency is judged (20), real-time judge output frequency f OutSize, when output frequency less than f RefThe time (f Ref∈ [40Hz, 50Hz] or be not limited to this scope), adopt phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control constant, program rebound second step circulation; When output frequency more than or equal to f RefThe time, change next step over to;
The 4th step: output voltage phase place zero crossing is judged (21), judge whether the output voltage phase place is zero, switching is that the current voltage output phase of seizure was zero moment, switch this moment and can eliminate the disturbance of high voltage converter output motor load, when phase place is non-vanishing, control mode is constant, changes next step over to; When phase place is zero, changed for the 6th step over to;
The 5th step: phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control output (22), continue to adopt phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control output, waveform is constant, and returns the circulation of the 4th step;
The 6th step: heap wave-wave shape phase place zero clearing (23), heap wave-wave shape phase place is forced zero clearing, and gained rectangle heap ripple output waveform phase place is forced zero clearing, output waveform disturbance this moment minimum;
The 7th step: rectangle heap wave-wave shape control output (24), adopt rectangle heap ripple control output;
The 8th step: output frequency (25), real-time judge output frequency f OutJust, when the high voltage converter output frequency more than or equal to f RefThe time, rebound the 7th step circulation; When the high voltage converter output frequency less than f RefThe time, change over to next step;
The 9th step: the output voltage phase place is zero (26), judge whether the output voltage phase place is zero, the key of switching is that the current voltage output phase of seizure was zero moment, switch this moment and can eliminate the disturbance of high voltage converter output motor load, when phase place is non-vanishing, control mode is constant, changes next step over to; When phase place is zero, changed for the 11 step over to;
The tenth step: rectangle heap wave-wave shape control output (27), continue to adopt rectangle heap ripple control output, waveform is constant, returns the circulation of the 9th step;
The 11 step: pwm waveform phase place zero clearing (28), gained phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control output waveform phase place is forced zero clearing, return the first step.
The present invention mixes and uses two kinds of control modes in conjunction with the pluses and minuses of phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control and the control of rectangle heap ripple, utilizes performance complement each other, has improved the control performance of frequency converter.Take over seamlessly by the no disturbance that realizes two kinds of control modes, guarantee the safe and reliable work of system.

Claims (4)

1. the control method of a unit series connection type high voltage frequency convertor, it comprises the following steps:
The first step: control beginning;
Second step: phase-shifting carrier wave PWM Waveform Control output (19), adopt phase-shifting carrier wave PWM technology control output waveform;
The 3rd step: output frequency f OutJudge (20) real-time judge output frequency f OutSize is as output frequency f OutLess than frequency f is set RefThe time, f Ref∈ [40Hz, 50Hz] still adopts phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control mode constant, program rebound second step circulation; As output frequency f OutMore than or equal to frequency f is set RefThe time, change next step over to;
The 4th step: output voltage phase place zero crossing is judged (21), catching current voltage output phase is that zero enforcement constantly is by the switching of phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control mode to rectangle heap ripple control mode, switch this moment and can eliminate the disturbance of high voltage converter output motor load, when phase place is non-vanishing, control mode is constant, changes next step over to; When phase place is zero, changed for the 6th step over to;
The 5th step: phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control output (22), continue to adopt phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control output, waveform is constant, and returns the circulation of the 4th step;
The 6th step: heap wave-wave shape phase place zero clearing (23), heap wave-wave shape phase place is forced zero clearing, and set rectangle heap ripple output waveform phase place is forced zero clearing, output waveform disturbance this moment minimum;
The 7th step: rectangle heap wave-wave shape control output (24), adopt rectangle heap ripple control output;
The 8th step: output frequency f OutJudge (25) real-time judge output frequency f OutJust, as high voltage converter output frequency f OutMore than or equal to frequency f is set RefThe time, rebound the 7th step circulation; As high voltage converter output frequency f OutLess than frequency f is set RefThe time, change next step over to;
The 9th step: output voltage phase place zero passage is judged (26), catching current voltage output phase is that zero enforcement constantly is by the switching of rectangle heap ripple control mode to phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control mode, switch this moment and eliminate the disturbance of high voltage converter output motor load, when phase place is non-vanishing, control mode is constant, changes next step over to; When phase place is zero, changed for the 11 step over to;
The tenth step: rectangle heap wave-wave shape control output (27), continue to adopt rectangle heap ripple control output, waveform is constant, returns the circulation of the 9th step;
The 11 step: pwm waveform phase place zero clearing (28), phase-shifting carrier wave PWM control output waveform phase place is forced zero clearing, return the first step.
2. the control method of a kind of unit series connection type high voltage frequency convertor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the high voltage converter output frequency is more than or equal to frequency f is set RefThe time, adopting rectangle heap ripple control output, each unit output voltage waveforms is the square waveform of width adjusting in the one-period, utilizes the square wave stack output of each unit distinct pulse widths, makes output voltage waveforms and target waveform equivalence.
3. the control method of a kind of unit series connection type high voltage frequency convertor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described rectangle heap ripple control output, adopt unit loads power equalization technology, and exert oneself and equate in long-time in each unit.
4. the control method of a kind of unit series connection type high voltage frequency convertor according to claim 3 is characterized in that: adopt unit loads power, establish every three units in series that have mutually, three unit are respectively A1, A2, A3, T is the output voltage cycle, at 0~nT in the time, unit A1, A2, the rectangle width of the corresponding output of A3 is a, b, c, a<b<c; NT~2nT is in the time, unit A1, and A2, the corresponding output of A3 rectangle width is b, c, a; 2nT~3nT is in the time, unit A1, and A2, the corresponding output of A3 rectangle width is c, a, b; With this output by turns that circulates, guaranteed that each unit is exerted oneself equal in the time of adopting the work of rectangle heap ripple control mode.
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