CN101367599A - Surfactant for sludge dewatering and sludge dewatering method - Google Patents
Surfactant for sludge dewatering and sludge dewatering method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101367599A CN101367599A CNA2008101985382A CN200810198538A CN101367599A CN 101367599 A CN101367599 A CN 101367599A CN A2008101985382 A CNA2008101985382 A CN A2008101985382A CN 200810198538 A CN200810198538 A CN 200810198538A CN 101367599 A CN101367599 A CN 101367599A
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- active agent
- sludge dewatering
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- JBIROUFYLSSYDX-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzododecinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JBIROUFYLSSYDX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to surface active agent used for filthy mud dehydration. The addition of dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride is 1.42 to 2.07 percent by weight of the solid content of the filthy mud. The surface active agent has the advantages of low specific impedance value of the filthy mud after the surface active agent is added and high solid content ratio of filter mass after dehydration. In a method for filthy mud dehydration with the surface active agent, pressure filtration dehydration is carried out with a plate and frame filter press, the filthy mud injection pressure is progressively increased, the sewage and filthy mud to be regulated is injected into a filter press at certain injection pressure, and when the filter press is full, filtrate discharging flux is V1; when the filtrate discharging flux is lower than one half of V1, the filthy mud injection pressure is increased to a higher level, and the filtrate discharging flux is increased to V2; when the filtrate discharging flux is lower than one half of V2, the filthy mud injection pressure is increased to a higher level again, so that the filthy mud injection pressure is progressively increased to the preset pressure in this way, then feeding is stopped and the pressure is maintained, and finally the membrane extrusion is carried out. The method has the advantages of uniform increase of the density of mud cakes and small filtration resistance in filtration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tensio-active agent and mud dewatering method that is used for sludge dewatering, particularly relate to a kind of quaternary surfactant and mud dewatering method of sewage sludge dehydration.
Background technology
The key of sludge treatment is sludge dewatering, and this class mud is general moisture up to about 80%.It is four kinds that moisture in the mud is divided into by its existence: 1) interstitial water, interstitial water are the free water contents that mud granule surrounds, and generally account for about 70% of mud total water content; 2) capillary water, capillary water be between the mud granule or the particle crack in because the moisture that wicking action and mud granule combine accounts for about 20% of Total Water; 3) planar water, planar water are because capillary effect is adsorbed on the moisture on mud granule surface, because mud granule is little, have extremely strong surface adsorption power; 4) combination water, combination water are included in the intravital moisture of microorganism cells in the mud, the internal structure of the mud granule that only changes could with combined moisture from; Combination water and planar water account for about 10% of total water content in the mud together.
Because soft particle has certain compressibility, when external force increased, particle can form one deck hole very little " film " on the filtration medium surface, thereby makes water be difficult to pass through, and dehydration also just seems difficult unusually.
The simple mechanical dehydration that uses, the water ratio of dehydrated sludge is that the mud special property determines more than 70%.Sewage sludge forms a zone that is referred to as " viscose glue phase region " between moisture 55% to 65%, mud at this moment is the mucilage shape, and water molecules is wrapped up by one deck colloid, and the common mechanical pressing method is difficult to the water in the mud is disengaged.Evidence, this phenomenon mud moisture 60% to 65% particularly serious.If mud can dewater to the water ratio weight ratio be below 60%, even, broken through mud this " viscose glue phase region " to below 55%, mud has just had dispersed preferably, has just created good condition for the further processing of mud or disposal.Based on this, dewatering agent is applicable in the sludge dewatering in a large number.
Tensio-active agent in the sludge dehydrating agent has the ability of adsorbent particles, and mud granule is separated from colloid, destroys mud colloidal steady state, thereby reaches better coagulation effect.
The influence that the effect of tensio-active agent reaches the solid-liquid face mainly shows as:
(1) solublization.Add tensio-active agent in dispersion system after, can obviously make phenomenon original insoluble or that be slightly soluble in the substance dissolves of solvent or its solubleness is increased be called solublization, solublization can make by the partial potential of molten thing and reduce greatly.Solublization is general all to be taken place when the very little concentration of tensio-active agent, and it can not change the character of medium.
(2) reduce interfacial tension.Tensio-active agent can adsorb on phase interface.Because absorption, closely is adsorbed on the interface at the surfactant molecule orientation, makes interfacial tension lowering.
(3) contain hydrophilic group and hydrophobic group owing in the surfactant molecule structure, thereby in solution, it is easy to move internally and is enriched in solution surface (or interface) and the generation interfacial adsorption.After SURFACTANT ADSORPTION takes place, must change the interfacial state of system, and influence interfacial property, thereby produce a series of as vital role such as wetting, emulsification, froth breakings.
These effects of tensio-active agent help disengaging of colloid interstitial water and capillary water, help colloidal solid-liquid separation and coagulation.
In sludge dewatering, show through the inventor's big quantity research and test-results, judge the quality of tensio-active agent from the result, mainly see the specific impedance value of mud behind the input table surface-active agent and the solid content of dehydrated sludge filter cake.
Sludge filtration specific impedance value is the composite target of expression sludge filtration characteristic, and its physical significance is: when the mud of unit mass filters under certain pressure, and the resistance on the unit filtration area.
The specific impedance value is low more, shows that dewatering performance of sludge is good more; The solid content of dehydrated sludge filter cake is high more, shows that dehydrating effect is good more.Because filtering final purpose will be seen moisture content of the cake,, the solid content of filter cake is used for a crucial factor of sludge dewatering effect so being the evaluation table surface-active agent.
Tensio-active agent can be divided into anionic, cationic and non-ionic type etc. by its structure.
Aniorfic surfactant commonly used comprises metal carboxylate RCOOM, Sulfonates RSO
3M, sulfuric ester salt ROSO
3M, phosphates ROPO
3M etc.At first, aniorfic surfactant is unstable under strong acid environment; Particularly the filter cake solid content of aniorfic surfactant is far below quaternary cationics, and its dehydrating effect is not as quaternary cationics.
Nonionic surface active agent, as the polyethylene glycols tensio-active agent, though good stability, the solid content of filter cake is lower than quaternary cationics, the specific impedance value of mud is higher than quaternary cationics, and its dehydrating effect is not as quaternary cationics.
Cationic surfactant uses the more quaternary ammonium salt that is in sludge dewatering, it is all more stable under acid, alkali environment; Particularly the solid content of filter cake is higher than the tensio-active agent of other type, illustrates that its effect that is used for sludge dewatering is best.
In the patent of invention of the treatment process that be 200610047281.1 in the patent No., name is called a kind of urban sewage sludge reduction, disclosed additive comprises the quaternary ammonium cation polymkeric substance, the quaternary ammonium cation polymkeric substance be dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate after quaternized monomer and the multipolymer of acrylamide monomer.Addition in the adding sewage sludge of quaternary ammonium cation polymkeric substance is 1～1000mg/L, and its add-on is less than 0.1%.Constantly studies show that repeatedly through the inventor, the addition of quaternary ammonium salt cationic promoting agent has very big influence to dehydrating effect, and when the addition of quaternary ammonium type cationic polymers was less than 0.1%, mud specific impedance value was big, the solid content of dehydration back filter cake is low, and its dewatering is very undesirable.Also have, the dissemination and the solublization of the quaternary ammonium salt cationic polymkeric substance of said structure are relatively poor, can not make the free water of more water transform for easily being removed in the mud.
Existing dewatering, injection pressure is taked the mode of operation of constant voltage during dehydration.During filtration, leach liquid volume and be directly proportional with filter pressure, take the mode of operation of constant voltage, mud cake forms rapidly, and its dense degree also increases sharply, and filter cake just is in very dense state when just forming.Therefore the mode of operation of constant voltage has strengthened filtration resistance, and filtration resistance has been offset filter pressure, and strainability is also reduced rapidly, and the final dewatering effect is generally about 70%.
The patent No. is in 200610047281.1 the dewatering, injection pressure is taked the mode of operation of constant voltage during dehydration, because filter cake just is in very dense state when just forming, filtration resistance increases, strainability is low, and the water ratio weight ratio of mud is 65%～70% behind the final dewatering.
Summary of the invention
First purpose of the present invention provides that a kind of mud specific impedance value is low, the solid content height of dehydration back filter cake, the tensio-active agent that dewatering is good, cost performance is high.
The dense degree of mud cake evenly increased when second purpose of the present invention provided a kind of the filtration, rather than just was in very dense state when filter cake just forms, reduces filtration resistance, improves the mud dewatering method of strainability.
A kind of tensio-active agent that is used for sludge dewatering, tensio-active agent are quaternary cationics, the addition weight ratio of quaternary cationics be mud contain thing admittedly 1.42%～2.07%.Addition in this scope, the specific impedance value of mud are near minimum, and the solid content of filter cake is near the highest, and dewatering is good, the cost performance height.
As improvement, quaternary cationics is a dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,
Its structural formula is
。Add the dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride tensio-active agent of this kind structure, its mud specific impedance value is all less than 6.23 * 10
8Cm/g, the solid content of its filter cake is higher than 0.18, and dewatering is good, the cost performance height.When dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride addition weight ratio less than mud contain admittedly thing 1.42% the time, its specific impedance value increases rapidly, the filter cake solid content reduces rapidly, dewatering significantly reduces; When dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride addition weight ratio greater than mud contain admittedly thing 2.07% the time, along with the increase of addition, the specific impedance value of mud increases, the solid content of filter cake reduces.
As further improvement, the addition weight ratio of dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride be mud contain thing admittedly 1.97%, dewatering is good, its cost performance is the highest.Its mud specific impedance value is about 6.2040 * 10
8Cm/g, the solid content of its filter cake is about 0.1835, and the specific impedance value of mud is minimum, and along with the increase of tensio-active agent addition, mud specific impedance value can increase on the contrary.
A kind of method of using the sludge dewatering of above-mentioned tensio-active agent:
When 1) adding quaternary cationics, the stirring reaction time is 5-12 minute;
2) use the plate-and-frame filter press filter-press dehydration, the laddering increase of mud injection pressure when the sewage sludge that modulation is soon finished injects pressure filter necessarily to advance mud pressure, is filtered beginning, and filtrate discharge is promptly arranged at this moment, and when filling with, the filtrate delivery flow is V
1Along with filtration time increases, the filtrate delivery flow reduces gradually, when the filtrate delivery flow is lower than 1/2 V
1The time, the mud injection pressure is improved a class, this moment, the filtrate delivery flow can increase to V
2Work as the filtrate delivery flow again and be lower than 1/2 V
2The time, again the mud injection pressure is improved a class, be incremented to setting pressure in this way, stop charging and pressurize when being incremented to setting pressure, and then the barrier film extruding.
Filter fundamental equation according to toll bar, during filtration, leach liquid volume and be directly proportional with filter pressure, still along with the increase of pressure, mud cake forms rapidly, and its dense degree also constantly increases.Mud cake is thickeied layer by layer in filter chamber and is formed, and injection pressure takes to increase progressively the mode of operation of exerting pressure, and the dense degree of mud cake evenly increases, rather than just is in very dense state when filter cake just forms, and reduces filtration resistance, improves strainability.
Improvement as mud dewatering method, advancing mud pressure is 0.2MPa, class of the every raising of filter pressure improves 0.2MPa, stop charging and pressurize 10 minutes when rising to 1.6MPa step by step, carry out barrier film extruding 20 minutes with 2.5MPa pressure again, can further reduce the water ratio of handling back mud, efficient is also high.
As the another improvement of mud dewatering method, in the sludge dewatering, the filter cloth of plate-and-frame filter press adopts the polypropylene fiber satin of single thread to knit and forms, and the cross-sectional shape side of being of polypropylene fiber is trapezoidal; The filter opening of side's trapezoid cross section fibrage filter cloth is a tapered hole, and the aperture that goes out filtrate one side is 0.058mm, and the aperture of advancing filtrate one side is 0.106mm, and the specification that filter cloth advances filtrate one side is equivalent to 150 orders.
Adopt polypropylene fibre/satin to knit/filter cloth of single thread/150 order specifications, its strainability and polypropylene fibre/satin knit/single thread knits with polyamide fibre/satin/strainability of single thread is basic identical, than terylene/satin knit/single excellent in detail, and 150 orders and 300 order difference are little, strainability reduction during 500 orders.Because polypropylene fibre is more cheap than polyamide fibre, 150 orders are more cheap than 300 orders again, so, adopt polypropylene fibre/satin to knit/filter cloth of single thread/150 order specifications good filtration effect, low price.
Utilize the trapezoidal interface of fiber, knit out the fine filter opening of taper, the filter opening import is big, it is young to go out, and makes the mud filtrate of penetrating from filter opening produce the la farr pipe effect.When mud filtrate after entering filter opening under the certain pressure, filtrate is compressed back pressure by the taper filter opening and increases, the filtrate flow velocity is accelerated, and the effect of from aperture " ejaculation " is arranged.This effect has significantly reduced the latch up phenomenon of filter opening, has increased the hydrophobicity of filter cloth, has improved the filter effect of mud greatly.
As the improvement of mud dewatering method, in the sludge dewatering, radially be provided with the diversion trench that mud is imported the filter plate filter chamber on the end face of the mud divider of plate-and-frame filter press; Diversion trench is a spirrillum.
Mud injects pressure filter with rotation mode under the effect of high-pressure pump, the mud that rotation mode injects pushes the filter plate filter chamber by spiral helicine diversion trench with mud, can not change the direction of motion that mud injects, both improved the speed of mud injection filter plate, also improved the homogeneity of mud injection filtering board, realized that the filter cake thickness is even, the equally distributed purpose of filter cake moisture content.
As the improvement of mud dewatering method, in the sludge dewatering, the filter plate of plate-and-frame filter press is that 15% polypropylene glass composite reinforcing material once shaped forms; Tow sides at filter plate are provided with filter chamber, are densely covered with protruding particle in the bottom surface of filter chamber, and protruding particle is along the outside shape radiation uniform distribution in the shape of a spiral of filter plate central through hole.
Filter plate selects for use the composite reinforcing material once shaped of 15% polypropylene glass to make, and filter plate rigidity and toughness are all better, can reach hard and soft balance, satisfy the demand of production status.
Mud injects pressure filter with rotation mode under the effect of high-pressure pump, the projection particle injects outwards shape radiation profiles in the shape of a spiral of through hole along pressure filter mud, the mud that enters filter chamber can be flowed along the spirrillum " passage " of protruding micelle, reduced the resistance of protruding micelle, increased and injected the flowability of mud in filter chamber, thereby more effectively guaranteed the homogeneity of mud in filter plate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the perspective exploded view of the filter-pressing device of plate-and-frame filter press of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the master of plate-and-frame filter press filter cloth of the present invention looks synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the diagrammatic cross-section of Fig. 2 along the A-A position.
Fig. 4 is that the master of the mud divider of plate-and-frame filter press of the present invention looks synoptic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the schematic perspective view of the filter plate of plate-and-frame filter press of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is that the master of the filter plate of plate-and-frame filter press of the present invention looks synoptic diagram.
Fig. 7 is that Fig. 6 shows synoptic diagram along cuing open of B-B position.
Embodiment
A kind of tensio-active agent that is used for sludge dewatering, tensio-active agent are quaternary cationics, and quaternary cationics is a dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and its structural formula is
, the addition weight ratio of quaternary cationics be mud contain thing admittedly 1.97%.
Below tensio-active agent among all embodiment all adopt tensio-active agent among the embodiment 1, just addition difference;
A kind of method of using the sludge dewatering of tensio-active agent may further comprise the steps:
1) sewage sludge pre-treatment: get the water ratio weight ratio and be 80.4% sewage sludge, adding water, to be modulated to the water ratio weight ratio be 93%, gets water ratio weight ratio after the pre-treatment and be 1000 kilograms of 93% sewage sludges.
2) add tensio-active agent: add 1.38 kilograms dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stirring reaction 10 minutes.
3) add flocculation agent: add 6.59 kilograms of polymerize aluminum chlorides earlier, 32.0 rev/mins were stirred 2 minutes soon, and 10.0 rev/mins were stirred 3 minutes slowly; Add lime powder, the pH value of sewage sludge is transferred to 7; Add 0.35 kilogram of polyacrylamide again, 32.0 rev/mins were stirred 3 minutes soon, and 10.0 rev/mins were stirred 7 minutes slowly.
4) add auxiliary agent: add the substratum after 5.6 kilograms of edible mushroom are plucked, fully stirred 8 minutes.
5) sludge dewatering: use the plate-and-frame filter press filter-press dehydration; In the sludge dewatering process, the laddering increase of mud injection pressure is about to sewage sludge that modulation finishes when injecting pressure filter with the pressure of 0.2MPa, filters beginning, and promptly have filtrate discharge this moment, and when filling with, the filtrate delivery flow is V
1Along with filtration time increases, the filtrate delivery flow reduces gradually, when the filtrate delivery flow is lower than 1/2 V
1The time, filter pressure is improved 0.2MPa, this moment, the filtrate delivery flow can increase to V
2Work as the filtrate delivery flow again and be lower than 1/2 V
2The time, again filter pressure is improved 0.2MPa, stop charging and pressurize 10 minutes when rising to 1.6MPa step by step, carry out barrier film extruding 20 minutes with 2.5MPa pressure again.
6) release blowing.
Below be the structure of the filter cloth of plate-and-frame filter press in the sludge dewatering, mud divider, filter plate.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of filter-pressing device of plate-and-frame filter press comprises filter plate 5, filter cloth 1 and mud divider 6.
As Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, on filter cloth, be densely covered with filter opening 2, be provided with first through hole 3 that injects mud in the central position of filter cloth 1,4 sides of being, fibre section of braiding filter cloth are trapezoidal; Utilize the square trapezoid cross section fiber warp and woof of the single thread filter opening that weaves filter cloth that interweaves to be square tapered hole.The filter cloth specification is that polypropylene fibre/satin is knitted/single thread/150 orders, and the aperture that filter cloth goes out filtrate one side is 0.058mm, and the aperture of advancing filtrate one side is 0.106mm.
As Fig. 1, shown in Figure 4, be provided with second through hole 7 that injects mud in the central position of mud divider 6, on an end face of mud divider, radially be provided with the diversion trench 8 that mud is imported the filter plate filter chamber from second through hole 7; Two sidewalls 9 of the diversion trench on the mud divider are spirrillum.
To shown in Figure 7, filter plate 5 is that 15% polypropylene glass composite reinforcing material once shaped forms as Fig. 1, Fig. 5.Be provided with the filter chamber 10 of ccontaining mud at the tow sides of filter plate 5, be densely covered with protruding particle 11, be provided with the third through-hole 12 that injects mud in the central position of filter chamber 10 in the bottom surface of filter chamber 10.The third through-hole 12 that protruding particle 11 on filter chamber 10 bottom surfaces injects along pressure filter mud is shape radiation uniform distribution in the shape of a spiral outwards.Four angle positions at the periphery filter plate 5 of filter chamber 10 are respectively equipped with the outflow through hole 13 that flows out filtrate, flow out through hole 13 and 10 of filter chambers are provided with three communicating apertures 14 that the filtrate introducing of filter chamber 10 flowed out through hole 13 at each.Also evenly be provided with four pillar stiffeners 15 that flush with filter plate 5 pros and cons in the bottom surface of filter chamber 10.On filter plate, also be provided with the cavity 19 that is used for the barrier film extruding.
As shown in Figure 1, filter cloth 1 covers on the filter chamber 10, and the little side in the aperture of filter opening 2 is towards filter plate 5, and filter cloth 1 places 5 of mud divider 6 and filter plates.Mud divider 6 is installed in the central position of filter plate tow sides filter chamber 10 bottom surfaces respectively by studs 17 and nut 16,18.The third through-hole 12 of second through hole 7 of mud divider 6, first through hole 3 on the filter cloth 1 and filter plate 5 is communicated with.
Moisture percentage in sewage sludge weight ratio after the dehydration is 49.2%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of tensio-active agent that is used for sludge dewatering, as different from Example 1 the addition weight ratio of dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride be mud contain thing admittedly 1.42%.
A kind of method of using the sludge dewatering of tensio-active agent, step 2 " interpolation tensio-active agent " is for adding 1 kilogram dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stirring reaction 5 minutes as different from Example 1.
Moisture percentage in sewage sludge weight ratio after the dehydration is 54.9%.
A kind of tensio-active agent that is used for sludge dewatering, as different from Example 1 the addition weight ratio of dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride be mud contain thing admittedly 1.58%.
A kind of method of using the sludge dewatering of tensio-active agent, step 2 " interpolation tensio-active agent " is for adding 1.11 kilograms dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stirring reaction 6 minutes as different from Example 1.
Moisture percentage in sewage sludge weight ratio after the dehydration is 54.4%.
Embodiment 4
A kind of tensio-active agent that is used for sludge dewatering, as different from Example 1 the addition weight ratio of dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride be mud contain thing admittedly 1.73%.
A kind of method of using the sludge dewatering of tensio-active agent, step 2 " interpolation tensio-active agent " is for adding 1.21 kilograms dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stirring reaction 7 minutes as different from Example 1.
Moisture percentage in sewage sludge weight ratio after the dehydration is 53.7%.
A kind of tensio-active agent that is used for sludge dewatering, as different from Example 1 the addition weight ratio of dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride be mud contain thing admittedly 1.92%.
A kind of method of using the sludge dewatering of tensio-active agent, step 2 " interpolation tensio-active agent " is for adding 1.35 kilograms dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stirring reaction 10 minutes as different from Example 1.
Moisture percentage in sewage sludge weight ratio after the dehydration is 51.6%.
A kind of tensio-active agent that is used for sludge dewatering, as different from Example 1 the addition weight ratio of dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride be mud contain thing admittedly 2.07%.
A kind of method of using the sludge dewatering of tensio-active agent, step 2 " interpolation tensio-active agent " is for adding 1.45 kilograms dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stirring reaction 12 minutes as different from Example 1.
Moisture percentage in sewage sludge weight ratio after the dehydration is 52.6%.
Testing data
Test about sludge dewatering research all adopts following supporting test set and instrument to finish the mensuration of specific impedance:
A: one of determinator of specific impedance value is made up of vacuum pump, voltage stabilizing bottle, pressure warning unit, Gooch funnel, band scale Erlenmeyer flask, plug, valve, Glass tubing etc.More than device is normal experiment vessel and equipment.
B: (model is 101-3A) to two loft drier of being produced by Changzhou Nuo Ji Instr Ltd. of the determinator of specific impedance value.
C: the three falling ball method coefficient of viscosity determinators by the production of Wuxi City high honour electronic machine Manufacturing Co., Ltd of the determinator of specific impedance value (model RVM-B).
Except that specifying, all adopt the method for constant pressure filtration test mud specific impedance value to carry out.All test pressures are got vacuum tightness 380 mercury column (P=500g/cm
2), filtration area is 78.54cm
2(the funnel back cut diameter=10cm), filtration medium adopts 150 purpose filter clothes, and the aperture is 0.106mm, stirs 10 minutes, is about 80% with the water ratio weight percent of sewage sludge, and it is diluted to 93%.All testing datas are the mean values through testing more than 20 times all.
The specific impedance value ask method:
In the formula:
When the mud of r '---unit mass filters under certain pressure, the resistance on the unit filtration area; (cm/g)
P: impellent, the pressure drop during filtration, (g/cm
2);
A: filtration area, (cm
2);
B: slope, (s/cm
6);
μ: filtrate viscosity, [(g/cm
2) s)];
C: filter residue dry weight C is defined as and filters the dried solid masses of filter cake that the long-pending filtrate of monomer is retained down, (g/cm on filtration medium
3).
Level pressure with decide under the situation of filtration area, need only and to obtain b, C and μ by experiment, promptly can try to achieve specific impedance value r by following formula.
The character of primary sludge
Test is at first carried out skip test to the mud of various character, does not throw in any additives during filtration, records the ratio resistance pH value list 1 of various mud.
This testing data prompting, before sewage sludge not being regulated, the mud specific impedance is very high, all surpasses 1.0 * 10
9Cm/g belongs to the difficult mud that dewaters.Especially sanitary sewage mud, specific impedance reaches 2.47 * 10
9Cm/g is to be difficult to dehydration without conditioning.
The filter effect of different varieties contrast in surfactant-based
In this research trial, metal carboxylate (RCOOM is called for short BH-1 below), Sulfonates (RSO have been selected
3M, be called for short BH-2 below), quaternary ammonium salt (dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, be called for short BH-3 below), polyethylene glycols (provides concrete material, be called for short BH-4 below), (patent No. is the quaternary ammonium cation polymkeric substance in 200610047281.1 patents of invention to quaternary ammonium salt, it be dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate after quaternized monomer and the multipolymer of acrylamide monomer, the tensio-active agent that is called for short (BH-5) five kinds of different structures below compares test.The injected volume weight ratio be mud contain thing admittedly 1.9%.Typical test result such as table 2.
The filter effect of different varieties contrast during table 2 is surfactant-based
| Project | BH-1 | BH-2 | BH-3 | BH-4 | BH-5 |
| Solid content G before filtering 0 | 0.0702 | 0.0702 | 0.0702 | 0.0702 | 0.0702 |
| Filter cake solid content G 1 | 0.1813 | 0.1852 | 0.221 | 0.2017 | 0.2089 |
| Filter residue dry weight C (g/cm 3) | 0.1145 | 0.1130 | 0.1028 | 0.1076 | 0.1065 |
| Slope b (s/cm 6) | 0.1817 | 0.128 | 0.113 | 0.125 | 0.121 |
| Viscosity, mu (s*g/cm 2) | 0.0112 | 0.0108 | 0.0104 | 0.0101 | 0.0106 |
| (* 10 for specific impedance value r (cm/g) 8) | 8.735 | 6.466 | 6.514 | 7.090 | 6.612 |
From test-results as can be known, Sulfonates (BH-2) is better with the filter effect of quaternary ammonium salt (BH-3), from the specific impedance value to recently, also outline is quite a lot of than the filter effect of quaternary ammonium salt (BH-3) for Sulfonates (BH-2), but, from the mud cake solid content that filter cloth is retained down, quaternary ammonium salt (BH-3) will be got well much than Sulfonates (BH-2).Because filtering final purpose will be seen moisture content of the cake, so, can determine in four class tensio-active agents of test, best with the dewatering performance of sludge of quaternary ammonium salt (BH-3).
The inventor has selected different substances, different weight percentage content and the different tests condition in metal carboxylate, Sulfonates, quaternary ammonium salt, the polyethylene glycols to carry out above-mentioned test, the mud cake solid content that test-results is dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (BH-3) is the highest, its specific impedance value also is lower comparatively speaking, illustrates that its dewatering is best.About its testing data, the inventor lists no longer one by one.
The filter effect of the different injected volumes of surfactant-based additive
The filter effect of different additive injected volume is different, also will test its best injected volume for the additive that screens.According to research and experience, the present invention is that mud contains thing 0.5% to 3% totally 6 injected volume class admittedly for surfactant B H-3 has set from weight ratio.Its typical test data such as table 3.
The inventor serves as to carry out at interval repetition test with 0.01% between 1% to 2.5%.The results showed, when injected volume less than 1.42% the time, the specific impedance value of mud is 6.352, the mud solid content is 0.1788, along with the minimizing of injected volume, mud specific impedance value increases considerably, the solid content of mud reduces significantly; Injected volume was at 1.97% o'clock, and mud specific impedance value is 6.1862, reached minimum, and the mud solid content is 0.1821, and along with the increase of injected volume, mud specific impedance value increases on the contrary; Injected volume was at 2.07% o'clock, and the specific impedance value of mud is 6.2236, and the mud solid content is 0.1898, and it is maximum that the mud solid content reaches, and along with the increase of injected volume, the mud solid content reduces on the contrary.Angle with cost performance considers that the injected volume weight ratio of BH-3 should be mud and contains 1.42%～2.07% of thing admittedly.
The inventor selects different test conditionss, and its test-results is the same.About its testing data, the inventor lists no longer one by one.
Below all test conditionss be for mud equipressure (500g/cm of the same race
2), etc. filtration area (78.54cm
2), etc. water ratio such as primary sludge amount (50ml), primary sludge, etc. the flocculation dosage, etc. agitation condition, etc. filtration time (30 minutes), judge which is superior with the filtrate volume that respectively leaches.Obviously it is many more to leach filtrate, and its strainability is just winning more.Except specifying.
The yarn type and the weaving structure of filter cloth have a significant impact strainability.The yarn type of filter cloth is divided into three kinds of staple fiberss, multiple thread, single thread basically, and various yarn types are to the influence such as the table 4 of strainability.
The various yarn types of table 4 are to the influence of strainability
| The yarn type | To particulate every the filter performance | Filter productive rate | Cake moisture | Discharging | Life-span | Stop up | Sealing property |
| Staple fibers | Best | Take second place again | Take second place again | Take second place again | The longest | Take second place again | Best |
| Multiple | Take second place | Take second place | Take second place | Take second place | Take second place | Take second place | Take second place again |
| Single | Take second place again | Best | Minimum | The easiest | Take second place again | Be difficult for | Take second place |
The weaving structure of filter cloth is divided into three kinds in plain weave, twill and satin weave basically, and the relation of various weaving structures and filter operation sees Table 5.
The relation of table 5 weaving structure and filter operation
| Weaving structure | To particulate every the filter performance | Filter productive rate | Cake moisture | Discharging | Life-span | Stop up |
| Plain weave | Best | Take second place again | Take second place again | Take second place again | Take second place | Take second place again |
| Twill | Take second place | Take second place | Take second place | Take second place | The longest | Take second place |
| Satin weave | Take second place again | The easiest | Minimum | The easiest | Take second place again | Be difficult for |
We with polyamide fibre/satin knit/single thread, terylene/satin knit/single thread, polypropylene fibre/satin knit/three kinds of filter clothes of single thread, and respectively by 150 orders (filter cloth aperture 0.106mm), 300 orders (filter cloth aperture 0.048mm), 500 orders (filter cloth aperture 0.025mm) ooze hole density totally 9 kinds of situations test.Test method is to measure these filter clothes leach filtrate under complete condition of equivalent volume.
Following filtrate volume divides 9 class, and from 1 to 9 filtrate volume is by increasing, and it is minimum that 1 expression leaches filtrate volume, and it is maximum that 9 expressions leach filtrate volume.Testing data sees Table 6.
Leach the filtrate volume contrast under the conditions such as the different filter clothes of table 6
| The filter cloth type | Sanitary sewage mud | Dyeing waste water sludge | Paper waste mud | Electroplating wastewater mud | |
| Polyamide fibre/satin is knitted/single thread/150 orders | 4 | 6 | At most | 6 | |
| Terylene/satin is knitted/single thread/150 orders | 2 | 5 | 8 | 5 | |
| Polypropylene fibre/satin is knitted/single thread/150 orders | 4 | 6 | 9 | 6 | |
| Polyamide fibre/satin is knitted/single thread/300 orders | 4 | 6 | 9 | 6 | |
| Terylene/satin is knitted/single thread 300 orders | 2 | 5 | 7 | 5 | |
| Polypropylene fibre/satin is knitted/single thread/300 orders | 4 | 6 | 9 | 6 | |
| Polyamide fibre/satin is knitted/single thread/500 orders | 2 | 4 | 7 | 4 | |
| Terylene/satin is knitted/single thread/500 | Minimum | 3 | 5 | 3 | |
| Polypropylene fibre/satin is knitted/single thread/500 orders | 2 | 4 | 7 | 4 |
From the testing data of table 6 as can be seen, polypropylene fibre/satin knits/single thread knits with polyamide fibre/satin/strainability of single thread is basic identical, than terylene/satin knit/single thread is excellent, and 150 orders and 300 order difference are little, strainability reduction during 500 orders.Because polypropylene fibre is more cheap than polyamide fibre, 150 orders are more cheap than 300 orders again, so, can determine tentatively that filter cloth adopts polypropylene fibre/satin to knit/single thread/150 order specifications.
The improvement of plate-and-frame filter press mud mud inlet off-set facility
Use common plate-and-frame filter press, the water ratio of mud cake is about 65%, and it is solid-state that mud cake has been, and shape is complete.For analyzing the influence of press filtration pressure to filter plate, we have carried out following test:
Test method: the dehydrated sludge cake behind the sludge press filtration is divided into nine positions by nine palace lattice, as table 7.
Table 7
| Upper left | On | Upper right |
| A left side | Right | |
| The lower-left | Down | The bottom right |
Respectively eight positions sampling of mud cake is detected the water ratio (middle layout be into mud pore) of mud cakes.Row 10 test-results such as tables 8:
Each position water ratio (unit weight per-cent: %) of the common sheet frame cachaza of table 8
| |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| On | 67.5 | 65.5 | 75.3 | 71.1 | 65.9 | 72.3 | 62.2 | 75.4 | 70.3 | 77.2 |
| Down | 68.3 | 68.5 | 70.7 | 73.9 | 73.8 | 64.0 | 73.7 | 68.0 | 67.8 | 63.7 |
| A left side | 78.3 | 67.9 | 78.2 | 66.1 | 70.1 | 68.9 | 67.1 | 77.2 | 66.0 | 65.9 |
| Right | 62.5 | 66.3 | 77.9 | 73.6 | 78.2 | 67.4 | 69.4 | 73.8 | 76.3 | 69.9 |
| Upper left | 79.7 | 62.0 | 73.3 | 64.2 | 69.7 | 74.2 | 74.6 | 79.7 | 76.0 | 64.1 |
| The lower-left | 78.3 | 73.8 | 69.2 | 72.8 | 74.5 | 66.2 | 70.5 | 74.1 | 76.9 | 63.7 |
| Upper right | 72.7 | 78.9 | 62.0 | 74.3 | 78.7 | 78.1 | 66.6 | 77.6 | 65.6 | 64.9 |
| The bottom right | 69.4 | 67.5 | 69.6 | 69.4 | 73.8 | 69.6 | 75.2 | 76.9 | 76.0 | 62.3 |
| Average | 72.1 | 68.8 | 72.0 | 70.7 | 73.1 | 70.1 | 69.9 | 75.3 | 71.9 | 66.5 |
Can get from last table analysis: each position water ratio of common sheet frame cachaza is extremely inhomogeneous, and irregular.Moisture is low, is low to moderate 62.3%, and is high, up to 79.7%.The inhomogeneous filter plate discontinuity that causes of water ratio.Originally, the two sides of filter plate is stressed when even, what be subjected to only is vertical positive pressure, a lot of materials can both be born, but when moisture content of the cake is inhomogeneous, what filter plate bore is the shearing force that acts on different sites, and this is destructive, produces the major cause of " plate bursting " phenomenon when this also is high pressure.Moisture content of the cake inhomogeneous, because mud skewness in the filter plate filter chamber causes, mud many positions that distributes, moisture content of the cake is low, and the pressure that filter plate bears is big.The position that the mud distribution is few, the pressure that moisture content of the cake height, filter plate bear is little.Hence one can see that, improve the operating pressure of filter press, must solve the uniform distribution problem of mud in the filter plate filter chamber.
It is the filter cloth of trapezoidal hole along filter plate, the filter opening that the centre hole spiral distributes that plate-and-frame filter press has adopted the protruding particle of mud screw-dispenser, filter chamber bottom.Testing data such as table 9
Table 9 has been improved each position water ratio (the unit weight per-cent: %) of filter cake behind the sludge press filtration device
| |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| On | 62.3 | 66.4 | 64.2 | 67.1 | 63.0 | 67.2 | 65.1 | 67.8 | 64.6 | 67.9 |
| Down | 62.0 | 62.0 | 62.4 | 65.5 | 64.9 | 66.6 | 63.2 | 67.8 | 65.7 | 66.6 |
| A left side | 66.7 | 67.6 | 65.6 | 67.1 | 62.8 | 62.6 | 67.7 | 62.7 | 65.2 | 64.3 |
| Right | 65.5 | 64.5 | 62.0 | 63.8 | 67.6 | 66.8 | 63.1 | 67.3 | 62.3 | 67.7 |
| Upper left | 63.0 | 65.6 | 62.7 | 62.3 | 66.9 | 62.8 | 66.6 | 65.8 | 62.5 | 65.4 |
| The lower-left | 65.9 | 64.0 | 67.3 | 62.2 | 62.3 | 63.5 | 67.3 | 63.4 | 66.5 | 65.0 |
| Upper right | 65.4 | 67.3 | 64.2 | 66.7 | 65.2 | 67.6 | 66.8 | 62.0 | 62.9 | 62.6 |
| The bottom right | 63.9 | 67.6 | 63.5 | 62.2 | 65.5 | 64.5 | 64.0 | 65.1 | 62.8 | 66.9 |
| Average | 64.3 | 65.6 | 64.0 | 64.6 | 64.8 | 65.2 | 65.5 | 65.2 | 64.1 | 65.8 |
Data show, improved mud injection device and filter plate after, the uniformity coefficient of each position water ratio of sludge press filtration mud cake improves greatly, the average moisture content of mud cake has also dropped to about 65% by about 70%, the sludge press filtration dewatering efficiency has improved 5 percentage points.
Different filter pressures apply the filter effect of mode
We select the TEFSA-PEH type pressure filter of Spain's import, have designed six kinds of filter pressures and have applied mode and test.
Get weight in wet base than the urban domestic sewage sludge that is 80%, add water and be modulated to 90%.Additive is that weight ratio is 1.5% the dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride tensio-active agent that mud contains thing admittedly; The addition weight ratio is 8% polyacrylamide and the flocculant of polymeric aluminium chloride that mud contains thing admittedly, and the weight ratio of polyacrylamide is 5% of a flocculation agent; The addition weight ratio is the substratum auxiliary agent after edible mushroom that mud contains thing 8% is admittedly plucked.
When adding flocculation agent, first polyaddition aluminum chloride, 32.0 rev/mins were stirred 2 minutes soon, and 10.0 rev/mins were stirred 3 minutes slowly, and transferring the pH value of sewage sludge is 6～8; Add polyacrylamide again, 32.0 rev/mins were stirred 3 minutes soon, and 10.0 rev/mins were stirred 7 minutes slowly.
It is the filter cloth of trapezoidal hole along filter plate, the filter opening that the centre hole spiral distributes that plate-and-frame filter press has adopted the protruding particle of mud screw-dispenser, filter chamber bottom.
Mode (1) constant pressure type:, filter with the pressurize of 1.2MPa pressure with the charging of 0.4MPa pressure;
Mode (2) constant pressure type:, filter with the pressurize of 1.35MPa pressure with the charging of 0.4MPa pressure;
Mode (3) constant pressure type:, filter with the pressurize of 1.5MPa pressure with the charging of 0.4MPa pressure;
Mode (4) is laddering: after the charging of 0.4MPa pressure, be the interval with 0.1MPa pressure, rise to 1.6MPa step by step;
Mode (5) is laddering: with the charging of 0.2MPa pressure, be the interval with 0.2MPa pressure, rise to the 1.6MPa pressurize step by step;
Mode (6) is laddering: after the charging of 0.4MPa pressure, be the interval with 0.3MPa pressure, progressively rise to 1.6MPa;
This test is directly with the water ratio that the filters mud cake judgment criteria as strainability, test-results such as table 10.
The different filter pressures of table 10 apply the filter effect of mode
| Pressure applies | Mode | 1 | Mode 2 | |
Mode 4 | |
|
| Moisture content of the cake (%) | 59.9 | 58.8 | 57.8 | 54.2 | 54.3 | 55.3 | |
| Pressure when filtration is finished (Bar) | - | - | - | 12 | 12 | 13 | |
| Filter operation (h) consuming time | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3 | 3.2 |
Test-results shows that it is minimum with mode 4 moisture content of the cake that filter pressure applies mode, wants 3.5 hours but filter operation is consuming time, and the time spent is longer; Though the filtration moisture content of the cake of mode 5 takes second place, also in 55%, the time spent is minimum.Optimize angle from each side such as enterprise costs and consider, it is best in mode 5 that filter pressure applies mode.Laddering filter pressure applies mode, can make the unlikely increase rapidly of resistance of mud cake, so filter effect can be better.
The inventor has adopted different proportionings to additive, and it is best that its test-results is mode 5.
The filter opening of filter cloth also can be round taper hole or other tapered hole among the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. tensio-active agent that is used for sludge dewatering, described tensio-active agent is a quaternary cationics, it is characterized in that: the addition weight ratio of quaternary cationics be mud contain thing admittedly 1.42%～2.07%.
2. a kind of tensio-active agent that is used for sludge dewatering according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Quaternary cationics is a dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and its structural formula is
3. a kind of tensio-active agent that is used for sludge dewatering according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
The addition weight ratio of dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride be mud contain thing admittedly 1.97%.
4. use such as claim 1 to 3 method of the sludge dewatering of a described tensio-active agent arbitrarily is characterized in that:
When 1) adding quaternary cationics, the stirring reaction time is 5-12 minute;
2) use the plate-and-frame filter press filter-press dehydration, the laddering increase of mud injection pressure when the sewage sludge that modulation is soon finished injects pressure filter necessarily to advance mud pressure, is filtered beginning, and filtrate discharge is promptly arranged at this moment, and when filling with, the filtrate delivery flow is V
1Along with filtration time increases, the filtrate delivery flow reduces gradually, when the filtrate delivery flow is lower than 1/2V
1The time, the mud injection pressure is improved a class, this moment, the filtrate delivery flow can increase to V
2Work as the filtrate delivery flow again and be lower than 1/2V
2The time, again the mud injection pressure is improved a class, be incremented to setting pressure in this way, stop charging and pressurize when being incremented to setting pressure, and then the barrier film extruding.
5. the method for a kind of sludge dewatering according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: advancing mud pressure is 0.2MPa, class of the every raising of filter pressure improves 0.2MPa, stops charging and pressurize 10 minutes when rising to 1.6MPa step by step, carries out barrier film extruding 20 minutes with 2.5MPa pressure again.
6. the method for a kind of sludge dewatering according to claim 4 is characterized in that: in the sludge dewatering, the filter cloth of plate-and-frame filter press adopts the polypropylene fiber satin of single thread to knit and forms, and the cross-sectional shape side of being of polypropylene fiber is trapezoidal; The filter opening of side's trapezoid cross section fibrage filter cloth is a tapered hole, and the aperture that goes out filtrate one side is 0.058mm, and the aperture of advancing filtrate one side is 0.106mm, and the specification that filter cloth advances filtrate one side is equivalent to 150 orders.
7. the method for a kind of sludge dewatering according to claim 5 is characterized in that: in the sludge dewatering, radially be provided with the diversion trench that mud is imported the filter plate filter chamber on the end face of the mud divider of plate-and-frame filter press; Diversion trench is a spirrillum.
8. the method for a kind of sludge dewatering according to claim 7 is characterized in that: in the sludge dewatering, the filter plate of plate-and-frame filter press is that 15% polypropylene glass composite reinforcing material once shaped forms; Tow sides at filter plate are provided with filter chamber, are densely covered with protruding particle in the bottom surface of filter chamber, and protruding particle is along the outside shape radiation uniform distribution in the shape of a spiral of filter plate central through hole.
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| CN101367599B (en) | 2011-12-28 |
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