CN101363092A - High-strength cast aluminium alloy material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-strength cast aluminum alloy material which comprises the following components by weight percentages: 2.0-6.0% of Cu, 0.05-1.0% of Mn, 0.01-0.5% of Ti, 0.01-0.2% of Cr, 0.01-0.4% of Cd, 0.01-0.25% of Zr, 0.005-0.04% of B, 0.05-0.3% of mixed rare earth RE, Al and microimpurity elements. The material adopts the advanced design of alloy components and the microalloying design. Based on the Al-Cu-Mn as the major components, rational microalloy elements (the Ti, the Cr, the B, the Zr, the mixed rare earth, etc.) are found and the ranges thereof are determined, which can realize the function of substituting the precious rare metals Ag, V, and the like, thus lowering the formula cost by 5-10%.

Description

A kind of high-strength cast aluminium alloy material

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of aluminum alloy materials, is a kind of high-strength cast aluminium alloy material specifically.

Background technology

Aluminium alloy is a kind of younger metallic substance, just begins industrial application in 20 beginnings of the century.During the World War II, aluminium is mainly used in the manufacturing military aircraft.After the war, because war industry is die-offed to the demand of aluminium, the aluminium industry member is just started to develop civil aluminum alloy, make its range of application expand to construction industry, container package industry, transportation, electric power and national economy all departments such as electronic industry, machinery manufacturing industry and petrochemical complex, be applied in the middle of the daily life by aircraft industry.Now, more than the consumption of aluminium, scope is wide, is only second to iron and steel, becomes second largest metallic substance.The development of aluminium alloy can be traced back to ageing strengthening phenomenon in 1906 and be chanced on by Alfred Wilm in Berlin, duralumin Duralumin, succeeds in developing thereupon and is used for aircraft structure.Developing multiple Al-Cu on this basis subsequently is alloy.France succeeds in developing A-U5GT ((W) si≤0.05%, (W) Fe≤0.10%) aluminium alloy, tensile strength (T4) 〉=275Mpa, SAEJ452-1989 in 20 beginnings of the century), NF and aerospace standard have been listed in the application of putting into production in; 201.0 (nineteen sixty-eights) of the U.S. aluminium association trade mark and 206.0 (1967) alloy all form through improvement on the A-U5GT basis, and 204.0 aluminium alloys in 1974 are equal to A-U5GT; 201.0 trade name (AlCu4AgMgMn) is KO-1 (ASTMB26/B26 (M)-1999, tensile strength T7 state are 415Mpa, unit elongation 3%), be subjected to United States Patent (USP) protection, and composition contains Ag (0.4%-1.0%), cost height.Russia BAJI10 principal element composition is equivalent to domestic ZL204, maintains secrecy but add trace element, only is used for military affairs or other demanding fields.

China has developed the casting aluminum alloy trades mark such as ZL204A, ZL205A, tensile strength 440Mpa under the ZL204A T5 state value, δ ₅4%, but this alloy is that flowability is the poorest in the casting alloy at Al-Cu, hot-cracking resistance is the poorest.By technological standard (GB1173-86) regulation, the tensile strength T5 state of ZL205A is 435Mpa, the T6 state is 465Mpa (GB/T1173-1995 standard, the tensile strength of ZL205A (T6) is 470Mpa) down, is one of cast aluminium alloy material that intensity is the highest in the world at present.The plasticity of ZL205A (T5) is good, and elongation can reach 7%, and this alloy is used widely in China Aeronautics and Astronautics field, but its composition contains V noble metal element, and price is high; Simultaneously, need to make matrix metal with refined aluminium or rafifinal, not only increase cost, raw material supply is also restricted.In addition, on the ZL205A basis, add RE and developed ZL209, still added the high restriction of V element cost.The Lv Jie of Beijing Research Inst. of Aeronautic Material etc. develops a kind of aluminium alloy close with the ZL205A principal constituent, but contain 0.1%-0.25%V in the trace element, its tensile strength between 385-405Mpa, elongation reaches 19%～23%, rarely seen literature research report, and tensile strength is low slightly, and starting material contain expensive V.

In sum, the problem that exists in the high strength cast aluminum alloys area research both at home and abroad at present as can be known has: insufficient strength height, little cast aluminium alloy that is higher than 450Mpa; Generally added above precious metal and the rare elements (silver, vanadium, beryllium etc.) of thousandth in the prescription, and high-purity grade of aluminium of the many employings of matrix metal, the cost height, raw material sources are limited, are difficult to apply at civil area; Fail to solve and mould by force, alloy strength and castability particularly thorny than problem; Fatigue lifetime is short, and anti-stress corrosiveness is poor.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the expensive prescription that exists at present high strength cast aluminum alloys field, intensity is low, castability is poor, fatigue lifetime is short, technical barriers such as anti-stress corrosiveness difference, by preferred common element prescription and technologies such as founding, purification, develop the dual-use cast aluminium alloy material of the high corrosion stability of high-strength and high ductility.

In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of high-strength cast aluminium alloy material 1, by weight percentage, this alloying constituent is Cu 2.0～6.0%, Mn 0.05～1.0%, Ti 0.01～0.5%, and Cr 0.01～0.2%, and Cd 0.01～0.4%, Zr 0.01～0.25%, B 0.005～0.04%, mishmetal RE 0.05～0.3%, and all the other are Al and micro impurity element.

Mishmetal RE contains various total amount of rare earth and is not less than 98%.

It is 40～50% by weight percentage that mishmetal RE contains cerium.

The preparation method of this high-strength cast aluminium alloy material 1 comprises the steps:

(1) add an amount of aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt fully and is incubated down at 660～850 ℃;

(2) add Ti, Cr, Cd, Zr, B, RE trace element by the adding Cu of formula rate elder generation, Mn alloying element again after stirring again, stir;

(3) then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining; Add refining agent (can adopt chlorine, hexachloroethane, Manganous chloride tetrahydrate etc. as refining agent according to different operating modes) in alloy melt, and stir, for preventing that melt from sucking moisture content and scaling loss, the melt refining should be operated in enclosed environment as far as possible simultaneously;

(4) alloy liquid is toppled over and is come out of the stove, and on-line filtration, degasification, slagging-off are handled;

(5) permanent mold casting;

(6) at last carry out below 620 ℃, 72 hours with interior solid solution precipitation strengthening-toughening thermal treatment.

Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage:

(1) Xian Jin design of alloy and microalloying design.On the basis of Al-Cu-Mn principal constituent, find rational microalloy element (Ti, Cr, B, Zr, mishmetal etc.) and determined its composition range, can realize substituting the effect of valuable rare metal Ag, V etc., reduced formulation cost 5～10%.

(2) Xian Jin melting impurity removing technology has effectively cracked the technical bottleneck of removal of impurities, and the tensile strength that makes material is greater than 450Mpa, and unit elongation is greater than 5% simultaneously.

(3) keeping the high-intensity while can obviously improve the method for its plasticity.

This high-strength cast aluminium alloy material 1 is looked into new center through Department of Science and Technology southwest information center and is looked into new conclusion and be: " adopt the described elemental composition of this project to reach described parameter ' novel high-strength casting cast aluminium alloy research and development and industrialization ', do not see bibliographical information both at home and abroad." this project knowledge property right and achievement in research can not produce dispute and conflict.

The composition of novel material and performance perameter characterize

Following table is the contrast of part A l-Cu alloy national standard mechanical property and this high-strength cast aluminium alloy material 1.

The contrast of Al-Cu alloy national standard mechanical property (GB/T1173-1995) and high-strength cast aluminium alloy material 1

Embodiment

Embodiment: by weight percentage, this alloying constituent is Cu 2.0～6.0%, Mn 0.05～1.0%, Ti 0.01～0.5%, and Cr 0.01～0.2%, and Cd 0.01～0.4%, Zr 0.01～0.25%, B 0.005～0.04%, and RE 0.05～0.3%, and all the other are Al and micro impurity element.

Mishmetal RE contains various total amount of rare earth and is not less than 98%, and it is 45% by weight percentage that mishmetal RE contains cerium.(because ionic radius, oxidation state and all other elements of rare earth element all be similar to, thus in mineral they often with other element symbiosis.)

(1) add an amount of aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt fully and is incubated down at 660～850 ℃;

(2) add Ti, Cr, Cd, Zr, B, RE trace element by the adding Cu of formula rate elder generation, Mn alloying element again after stirring again, stir;

(3) then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out furnace refining; Add refining agent (can adopt chlorine, hexachloroethane, Manganous chloride tetrahydrate etc. as refining agent according to different operating modes) in alloy melt, and stir, for preventing that melt from sucking moisture content and scaling loss, the melt refining should be operated in enclosed environment as far as possible simultaneously;

(4) alloy liquid is toppled over and is come out of the stove, and on-line filtration, degasification, slagging-off are handled;

(5) permanent mold casting;

(6) at last carry out below 620 ℃, 72 hours with interior solid solution precipitation strengthening-toughening thermal treatment.

Claims (3)

1. [claim 1] a kind of high-strength cast aluminium alloy material, it is characterized in that: by weight percentage, this alloying constituent is Cu 2.0～6.0%, and Mn 0.05～1.0%, and Ti 0.01～0.5%, Cr 0.01～0.2%, Cd 0.01～0.4%, Zr0.01～0.25%, and B 0.005～0.04%, mishmetal RE 0.05～0.3%, all the other are Al and micro impurity element.
2. [claim 2] high-strength cast aluminium alloy material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: mishmetal RE contains various total amount of rare earth and is not less than 98%.
3. [claim 3] high-strength cast aluminium alloy material according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: it is 40～50% that mishmetal RE contains cerium.