CN101362788B - 6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的合成方法 - Google Patents

6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的合成方法 Download PDF

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CN101362788B
CN101362788B CN2008101083966A CN200810108396A CN101362788B CN 101362788 B CN101362788 B CN 101362788B CN 2008101083966 A CN2008101083966 A CN 2008101083966A CN 200810108396 A CN200810108396 A CN 200810108396A CN 101362788 B CN101362788 B CN 101362788B
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夏鹏
陈瑛
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Fudan University
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Abstract

本发明属有机化学和药物合成领域,涉及化合物6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的间接和直接合成方法。本方法:①在水介质中用强酸直接将化合物6β-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮进行构型转化,高收率获得构型纯的6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮;②在Br2/HOAc/THF条件下以雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮为原料高收率合成6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮。两种方法得到产物一致,经X-衍射确证立体构型,反应条件温和简便,试剂廉价易得,操作方便,重现性好,收率高。本发明方法可借鉴应用于其它具有4-烯-3-酮体系的甾体化合物的6α-溴代化合物的制备和合成。

Description

6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的合成方法
本申请为发明名称:6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的高效合成方法,申请号:2006101473084,申请日:2006年12月14日的分案。 
技术领域
本发明属有机化学及药物合成领域,具体涉及化合物6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的高效合成方法。 
背景技术
芳化酶(Aromatase)是体内生物合成雌激素的重要酶。芳化酶抑制剂已成为治疗与雌激素相关癌症药物的重要研究领域。文献报道一系列溴代-4-烯-3-酮甾体化合物,如:6α及6β-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮及其2,2-二甲基衍生物等6-溴化合物均有显著的芳化酶抑制活性,但二者的药理作用机制不同[1.FrancisL.Bellino,Syed S.H.Gilani,Sik S.Eng,§Yoshio Osawa,*and William L.DuaxActive-Site-Directed Inactivation of Aromatase from Human Placental Microsomesby Brominated Androgen Derivatives Biochemistry.1976,15(21),4730-4736;2.DavidA.Marsh,Harry J.Brodie.Wesley Garrett,Chon-Hwa Tsai-Morris,and Angela M.H.Brodie;Aromatase Inhibitors.Synthesis and Biological Activity of AndrostendioneDerivtives;J.Med.Chem.1985,28,788-795;3.Mitsuteru Numazawa,WakakoHanda,and Keiko Yamada Synthesis and Biochemical Properties of6-Bromoandrostenedione Derivatives with a 2,2-Dimethyl or 2-Methyl Group asAromatase Inhibitors Biol.Pharm.Bull.2004,27(11),1878-1882]。6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮直接作用于芳化酶转化雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮为雌甾化合物的活性位点上,芳化抑制活性与其浓度呈线性关系。此外,6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮与I型细胞色素P450结合行为和以胎盘微粒体作为雄烯酮与I型细胞色素P450结合行为一致。因此立体构型确定高纯度的6α-和6β-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮已成为进一步深入研究芳化酶活性中心结构的重要工具化合物。 
关于4-AD6-溴代反应的研究,早期已有文献报道[4.By Carl Djerassi,G.RosenkRanz.J.Romo,St.Kaufmann and J.Pataki,Steroids VII.Contribution to the Brominaton of Δ4-3-ketosteroids and a new partial synthesis of the Natural Estrogens,J.Am.Chem.Soc.1950,72,4534-4539]用NBS/CCl4避光反应能够较顺利获得较纯6β-溴代产物,其他反应条件所得的6-溴代化合物,均为6β-和6α-溴代及杂有其他位置溴代的混合物;且6β-和6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮理化性质及其相近,其TLC行为也没有区别,即使用层析方法也难以有效分离。由于有效地合成和制备纯6α-溴化合物的方法,至今尚未很好地解决。因此,文献报道的6α-溴代产物的物理常数及旋光数据均为纯度不够的化合物的数据,未能正确严格地特征化6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的物理数据[1]。1976年,Francis L.等报道在醇溶液中用微量盐酸催化将6β-溴化物转化为6β和6α-溴化合物近1∶1的混合物,进行柱层析分离,从极少量前洗脱级分中的化合物再经重结晶得到微量6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮,并用X-衍射确证了其6α-溴构型,提供了其正确的波谱数据,但未提供旋光数据。可见即使仅用柱层析也难有效分离6β-和6-α溴代异构体,后续的洗脱级分仍然是两者含量相当,无法有效分离的混合物。嗣后至今的文献均沿用此艰难的方法,获得微量的纯6α-溴雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮,尚无其他简单高收率获得纯6α-溴-4-AD合成和制备方法[3]。 
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供化合物6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的高效合成方法。涉及化合物6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的间接和直接合成方法,具体涉及构型转位法和直接合成法。 
本发明方法:在水介质中用强酸直接将化合物6β-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮进行构型转化,高收率获得构型纯的6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮;或在Br2/HOAc/THF条件下以雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮为原料高收率合成6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮。所述方法得到产物一致,经X-衍射确证立体构型,反应条件温和简便,试剂廉价易得,操作方便,重现性好,收率高。 
本发明的提供的简便、高效、高收率地将6β-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮进行6-位构型转化,制备纯6α-溴异构体的方法,其特征在于用强酸为试剂水为反应介质,将6β-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮化合物的6-位构型进行转化,高收率获得6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮,采用下述反应方程式, 
Figure S2008101083966D00031
上述反应所涉及的强酸选用浓盐酸、硫酸和高氯酸或对甲苯磺酸及甲磺酸;所涉及的反应介质为水;室温搅拌反应进行6β-溴化物的构型转换合成6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮。 
本发明提供的从雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮高收率直接合成纯6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的方法,反应温和,试剂易得,操作方便,其特征在于Br2/HOAc/THF反应体系,采用下述反应方程式, 
Figure S2008101083966D00032
上述反应所涉及的溴化剂选用Br2或5,5-二溴2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧六环-4,6-二酮或2,4,4,6-四溴环己烷-2,5-二烯酮;所涉及的溶剂为THF、二氧六环或1,2-二甲氧基乙烷;涉及的酸为醋酸、甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸、甲磺酸或三氟磺酸三氟。 
本发明的优点体现在:上述构型转位法和直接合成的6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮,粗品氢核磁共振谱显示已为纯6α-构型溴化物,无需纯化即可作为构型纯的中间体在合成中使用;也可仅用简单一次重结晶即可高收率获得高纯度的精品。产物6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮质谱、氢核磁数据及X-衍射数据与6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮结构相符并与文献报道数据一致。同时本发明补充提供了纯6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的表征旋光数据。 
本发明方法可借鉴应用于其它具有4-烯-3-酮体系的甾体化合物的6α-溴代化合物的制备和合成。 
附图说明
图1是6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的晶体X-衍射结构图。 
具体实施方式
实施例1 
6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的制备 
构型转位法:强酸为试剂水为反应介质 
将6β-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮120mg加入浓盐酸4mL中,室温搅拌反应21小时,加入冰水20mL,过滤,虑饼清水洗涤至中性,室温干燥得到白色粉状固体6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮100mg,收率83.33%。粗品1H-NMR显示6α-溴产物构型已经纯。用乙酸乙酯重结晶得精品[α]22 D =+143°(CHCl3),mp:171-172℃。Ms(m/z,%):364(M+,6.79),285(M+-79,100);1HNMRδ(400HMz,CDCl3):0.92(3H,s,18-CH3),1.25(3H,s,19-CH3),4.91(1H,m,6-H),6.45(1H,s,4-H)。 
实施例2 
6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的制备 
直接合成法:Br2/HOAc/THF为反应体系 
雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮4.0g,13.97mmol溶于THF40mL,加入HOAc 4mL,室温下滴加溴2.33g,13.97mmol,15分钟滴完,继续搅拌15分钟反应基本完成,在浴温40-45℃下减压蒸尽THF,用80mL冰水水析后过滤,并用清水洗将滤饼至中性,红外干燥得到黄色固体粗品6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮4.96g,收率:97.2%:mp:164-165℃变黑分解,粗品测定1H-NMR显示6α-溴产物构型已纯。乙酸乙酯重结晶得精品[α]22 D=143°(CHCl3),mp:171-172℃。Ms(m/z,%):364(M+,6.79),285(M+-79,100);1H NMRδ(400HMz,CDCl3):0.92(3H,s,18-CH3),1.25(3H,s,19-CH3),4.91(1H,m,6-H),6.45(1H,s,4-H)。乙腈重结晶培养单晶送X-衍射显示为6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮构型。 
氢核磁共振谱与Francis L.已确证构型的6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的特征波谱一致。此前文献报道的6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的旋光值 为[α]D=+109.5°(CHCl3)(Lit.Beistein crossfile)。前已述及,由于至今有效地合成和制备纯6α-溴化合物的方法,未很好地解决。因此,文献报道的6α-溴代产物的物理常数及旋光数据均为纯度不够的化合物的数据,未能正确严格地特征化6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的物理数据。本发明的又一突出特点是提供了构型纯净的6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的旋光数值。 

Claims (1)

1.6α-溴-雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮的合成方法,其特征是,采用直接合成法,以雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮为原料在Br2/HOAc/THF反应体系中反应得到产物,反应方程式如下述,
Figure FSB00000385088600011
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CARL DJERASSI,et al..Steroids. VI1. Contribution to the Bromination of Δ4-3-Ketosteroids and a New Partial Synthesis of the Natural Estrogens.《Journal of the American Chemical Society》.1950,第72卷(第10期), *
David A. Marsh,et al..Aromatase Inhibitors. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Androstenedione Derivatives.《J. Med. Chem.》.1985,第28卷(第6期),788-795. *
Francis L. Bellino,et al..Active-Site-Directed Inactivation of Aromatase from Human Placental Microsomes by Brominated Androgen Derivatives.《BIOCHEMISTRY》.1976,第15卷(第21期),4730-4736. *
Mitsuteru Numazawa,et al..SYNTHESIS AND SOME REACTIONS OF 6-BROMOANDROGENS:POTENTIAL AFFINITY LIGAND AND INACTIVATOR OF ESTROGEN SYNTHETASE.《STEROIDS》.1979,第34卷(第3期),347-360. *

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