CN101362669B - Catalytic conversion method of ethylene, propylene and aromatic hydrocarbon preparation - Google Patents
Catalytic conversion method of ethylene, propylene and aromatic hydrocarbon preparation Download PDFInfo
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- CN101362669B CN101362669B CN2007101201050A CN200710120105A CN101362669B CN 101362669 B CN101362669 B CN 101362669B CN 2007101201050 A CN2007101201050 A CN 2007101201050A CN 200710120105 A CN200710120105 A CN 200710120105A CN 101362669 B CN101362669 B CN 101362669B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a catalytic conversion method for preparing ethylene, propylene and aromatic hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbon raw material with different cracking performances is contacted with a catalytic cracking catalyst, and cracking reaction is carried out in a fluidized bed reactor under the conditions that the temperature is 550 DEG C to 800 DEG C, the weight hourly space velocity is 0.1-800h<-1>, the reaction pressure is 0.10MPa to 1.0MPa, the weight ratio of the catalytic cracking catalyst and the raw material is 10-150, and the weight ratio of steam and the raw material is 0.15-1.0.Then a spent catalyst and reaction oil gas are separated, the spent catalyst returns to the reactor after regeneration, and the target products comprising low carbon olefin and the aromatic hydrocarbon are obtained by separating the reaction oil gas, wherein, fraction with the temperature to be 160 DEG C to 260 DEG C returns for catalytic cracking as circulating material, and the ethylene and the propylene are further obtained by cracking of ethane, propane, butane, and the steam entered. Low carbon olefin such as ethylene, propylene, and the like, is produced from heavy feedstock to the utmost extent in the method, and the yield of the ethylene and the propylene is over 20% by weight, in addition, the aromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene, xylene, and the like, are produced in an integrated way.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the catalysis conversion method of hydrocarbon ils under the situation that does not have hydrogen, more particularly, is a kind of low-carbon alkene that is rich in ethene and propylene and method that is rich in the aromatic hydrocarbons of toluene, YLENE that heavy feed stock is converted into.
Background technology
Low-carbon alkene such as ethene, propylene etc. are important Organic Chemicals, and wherein propylene is the synthon of products such as Vestolen PP 7052, vinyl cyanide.Along with increasing rapidly of verivate demands such as Vestolen PP 7052, the demand of propylene is also all being increased year by year.The demand in propylene market, the world is 5,120 ten thousand tons of being increased to 2000 of 1,520 ten thousand tons before 20 years, and average growth rate per annum reaches 6.3%.The demand that expects propylene in 2010 will reach 8,600 ten thousand tons, and average growth rate per annum is about 5.6% therebetween.
The method of producing propylene mainly is steam cracking and catalytic cracking (FCC); Wherein steam cracking is that raw material passes through thermo-cracking production ethene, propylene with lightweight oils such as petroleum naphthas; But the productive rate of propylene is merely about 15 heavy %, and FCC is a raw material with vacuum gas oil BOes such as (VGO) then.At present, 66% propylene is produced the sub product of ethene from steam cracking in the world, and 32% produces the sub product of vapour, diesel oil from refinery FCC, and a small amount of (about 2%) is obtained by dehydrogenating propane and ethene-butylene metathesis reaction.
If petrochemical complex is walked prior steam cracking ethylene preparation, propylene route, will face the shortage of lightweight material oil, inefficiency of production and cost and cross high several big restraining factors.
FCC is owing to advantages such as its adaptability to raw material is wide, flexible operation come into one's own day by day.In the U.S., almost 50% of the propylene market demand all derive from FCC apparatus.It is very fast that the catalytic cracking of propylene enhancing improves technical development.
US4,980,053 disclose a kind of hydrocarbon conversion processes of producing low-carbon alkene, and raw material is petroleum fractions, residual oil or the crude oil of different boiling ranges, in fluidized-bed or moving-burden bed reactor, uses solid acid catalyst, temperature 500-650 ℃, pressure 1.5-3 * 10
5Pa, weight hourly space velocity 0.2-2.0h
-1, agent-oil ratio 2-12 condition under carry out catalytic conversion reaction, reacted catalyzer Returning reactor internal recycle behind coke burning regeneration uses.The overall yield of this method propylene and butylene can reach about 40%, and wherein productivity of propylene is up to 26.34%.
WO00/31215A1 discloses a kind of catalyst cracking method of producing alkene, and this method adopts ZSM-5 and/or ZSM-11 zeolite to do active component, is the catalyzer of matrix with a large amount of nonreactants, is raw material with VGO, and the productive rate of propylene also is no more than 20 heavy %.
US4; 422; 925 disclose the method that multiple hydro carbons with different cracking performances contacts and transforms with hot regenerated catalyst, and the described hydro carbons of this method contains a kind of gas alkane raw material and a kind of liquid hydrocarbon raw material at least, and this method has different cracking performances according to different hydrocarbon molecules; Reaction zone is divided into a plurality of reaction zones carries out cracking reaction, with voluminous low-molecular olefine.
Aromatic hydrocarbons also is a kind of important chemical material, and especially light aromatic hydrocarbons BTX (benzene,toluene,xylene) is mainly used in synthetic materialss such as producing chemical fibre, plastics.The main method of producing aromatic hydrocarbons at present is a CR, because the active ingredient of reforming catalyst is a precious metal, therefore must carry out strict pre-treatment to raw material.In addition, also more complicated of the moving of reforming catalyst, regeneration flow process.
CN1667089A discloses a kind of chemical industry type oil refining method of producing low-carbon alkene and aromatic hydrocarbons; Raw oil with contact in the catalytic cracking reaction device through regenerated catalytic cracking catalyst, water vapor; Under the condition of the weight ratio 0.05～0.6 of weight ratio 5～50, water vapor and the raw oil of 500～700 ℃ of temperature, pressure 0.15～0.4MPa, catalytic cracking catalyst and raw oil, react; Separate reclaimable catalyst and reaction oil gas, reclaimable catalyst is Returning reactor after regenerating; Separating reaction oil gas obtains purpose product low-carbon alkene and aromatic hydrocarbons.This method is produced low-carbon alkenes such as propylene, ethene to greatest extent from heavy feed stock, wherein the productive rate of propylene surpasses 30 heavy %, aromatic hydrocarbons such as coproduction toluene and YLENE simultaneously.
Above-mentioned prior art still exists not enough to alkane molecule cracking reaction design; Simultaneously; The product distribution of prior art is to cut by the FCC fractionating system of routine, and arene underwater content in gasoline or the diesel oil and low-carbon alkene potential content are underused, and cause the productive rate of propylene and aromatic hydrocarbons on the low side.In order to satisfy the demand of industrial chemicals such as growing propylene, ethene and aromatic hydrocarbons, be necessary to develop and a kind of heavy feed stock be converted into a large amount of propylene and the catalysis conversion method of aromatic hydrocarbons.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to provide on the basis of existing technology a kind of catalysis conversion method that heavy feed stock is converted into low-carbon alkene and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Technical scheme of the present invention comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material of type three at first contacts with hot regenerated catalyst, at 680 ℃-800 ℃ of temperature of reaction, weight hourly space velocity 100h
-1-800h
-1, reaction pressure 0.10MPa-1.0MPa (absolute pressure), catalytic cracking catalyst and raw material weight ratio 30-150, the weight ratio of water vapor and raw material is to carry out cracking reaction under the condition of 0.15-1.0;
(2) reaction effluent separates without finish, and with the raw materials mix of type two, the raw material of type two is at 650 ℃-750 ℃ of temperature of reaction, weight hourly space velocity 10h
-1-300h
-1, reaction pressure 0.10MPa-1.0MPa (absolute pressure), catalytic cracking catalyst and raw material weight ratio 20-100, the weight ratio of water vapor and raw material is to carry out cracking reaction under the condition of 0.15-1.0;
(3) reaction effluent again with the raw materials mix of type one, the raw oil of type one is at 550 ℃-650 ℃ of temperature of reaction, weight hourly space velocity 0.1h
-1-100h
-1, reaction pressure 0.10MPa-1.0MPa (absolute pressure), catalytic cracking catalyst and raw material weight ratio 10-50, the weight ratio of water vapor and raw material is to carry out cracking reaction under the condition of 0.15-1.0;
(4) reclaimable catalyst separates through cyclonic separator with reaction oil gas, and reclaimable catalyst gets into stripper, Returning reactor behind the stripping coke burning regeneration, and reaction oil gas gets into follow-up separation system;
(5) reaction oil gas is told purpose product ethene and propylene and H in separation system
2, CH
4, ethane, propane, butylene, butane, C
5Hydrocarbon, C6-160 ℃ cut, 160～260 ℃ of cuts, greater than 260 ℃ of cuts, wherein 160～260 ℃ of cuts return step (2) as recycle stock;
(6) catalytic pyrolysis ethane, propane, butane and water vapor get into the steam cracking reaction device, under 700 ℃-1000 ℃ of temperature of reaction, carry out cracking reaction, and separating reaction oil gas obtains purpose product ethene and propylene, and H
2, CH
4, steam cracking ethane, propane, steam cracking C
4-C
5, steam cracking petroleum naphtha, oil fuel, wherein steam cracking ethane, propane cycles are returned the steam cracking reaction device, steam cracking C
4-C
5Loop back the catalytic cracking reaction device.
Optimized technical scheme also comprises step (7), promptly
(7) the steam cracking petroleum naphtha is earlier after selective hydrogenation; Obtaining aromatic hydrocarbons through solvent extraction again raffinates oil with light aromatic hydrocarbons; Wherein aromatic hydrocarbons is one of purpose product, light aromatic hydrocarbons raffinate oil return step (6) or/and step (1) as steam cracking or/and one of raw material of catalytic pyrolysis.
Said three kinds of different cracking performance hydrocarbon raw material classification: type of feed one is for being prone to cracking stock, and type of feed two is more difficult cracking stock, type of feed three awkward cracking stocks.
Described type of feed one is petroleum hydrocarbon and/or other MO, and wherein petroleum hydrocarbon is selected from a kind of in raffinating oil of vacuum gas oil (VGO), atmospheric gas oil (AGO), coker gas oil (CGO), deasphalted oil (DAO), vacuum residuum (VR), long residuum (AR), heavy aromatics or more than one mixture wherein.Other MO is liquefied coal coil, tar sand oil, shale oil.Preferred raw material is selected from a kind of in raffinating oil of vacuum gas oil, atmospheric gas oil, coker gas oil, deasphalted oil, vacuum residuum, long residuum, heavy aromatics or more than one mixture wherein.Wherein VGO, AGO, CGO, DAO, VR, AR are the full cut or the part cut of not hydrogenation, or are full cut or part cut behind the hydrogenation.
Said heavy aromatics raffinate oil be devices such as this device or external device such as conventional catalytic cracking, coking, thermally splitting, hydrogenation boiling range for 260 ℃ cut is through the solvent extraction gained; The heavy aromatics extraction solvent is selected from methyl-sulphoxide, furfural, N, monoethanolamine, terepthaloyl moietie, 1; The mixture of one or more in the 2-Ucar 35; Extraction temperature is 40～120 ℃, and the volume ratio between solvent and the raw material is 0.5～5.0.
Described type of feed two is selected from a kind of in alkene that slurry oil, diesel oil, gasoline, carbonatoms are 4-8, the cut that boiling range is 160～260 ℃ or more than one mixture wherein; Preferred boiling range is 160～260 ℃ cut, more preferably 170～250 ℃ cut.
Said gasoline is selected from a kind of in present method gained catalytic cracking gasoline, catalytically cracked gasoline, straight-run spirit, coker gasoline, pyrolysis gasoline, pressure gasoline, the hydrogenated gasoline or more than one mixture wherein, and wherein catalytically cracked gasoline, straight-run spirit, coker gasoline, pyrolysis gasoline, pressure gasoline, hydrogenated gasoline are from the outer gasoline of this device.
Said diesel oil is to be selected from a kind of in present method gained catalytic pyrolysis diesel oil, catalytic cracking diesel oil, straight-run diesel oil, coker gas oil, thermally splitting diesel oil, the hydrogenated diesel oil or more than one mixture wherein, and wherein catalytic cracking diesel oil, straight-run diesel oil, coker gas oil, thermally splitting diesel oil, hydrogenated diesel oil are from the outer diesel oil of this device.
Described carbonatoms is that 4～8 alkene can be from catalytic cracking method of the present invention, also can be from technologies such as conventional catalytic cracking, coking, thermally splitting, hydrogenation.
It is raffinate oil a kind of of 4～8 alkane, light aromatic hydrocarbons or more than one mixture wherein that described type of feed three is selected from carbonatoms; Described carbonatoms is that 4～8 alkane can be from catalytic cracking method of the present invention, also can be from technologies such as conventional catalytic cracking, coking, thermally splitting, hydrogenation.
Said light aromatic hydrocarbons raffinate oil be the boiling range of devices such as this device or external device such as conventional catalytic cracking, coking, thermally splitting, hydrogenation be C6～160 ℃ cut earlier after selective hydrogenation again through the solvent extraction gained; The light extractive solvent of aromatic hydrocarbons is selected from by one or more the mixture in tetramethylene sulfone, N-Methyl pyrrolidone, diethylene glycol ether, triethylene glycol ether, TEG, DMSO 99.8MIN. and the N-formyl morpholine ether; The temperature of solvent extraction is 40-120 ℃, and the volume ratio between solvent and the solvent extraction raw material is 2-6.
Described catalytic cracking catalyst comprises zeolite, inorganic oxide and optional clay, and each component accounts for total catalyst weight respectively: the heavy % of zeolite 1 heavy %-50, the heavy % of inorganic oxide 5 heavy %-99, the heavy % of clay 0 heavy %-70.
Its mesolite is selected from mesopore zeolite and optional large pore zeolite as active ingredient, and mesopore zeolite accounts for the heavy % of 50 heavy %-100 of zeolite gross weight, and the heavy % of preferred 70 heavy %-100, large pore zeolite account for the heavy % of 0 heavy %-50 of zeolite gross weight, the heavy % of preferred 0 heavy %-30.Mesopore zeolite is selected from ZSM series zeolite and/or ZRP zeolite; Also can carry out modification with in the transition metals such as non-metallic elements such as phosphorus and/or iron, cobalt, nickel one or more to above-mentioned mesopore zeolite; The more detailed description of relevant ZRP is referring to US5, and 232,675; The ZSM series zeolite is selected from one or more the mixture among the zeolite of ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-12, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, ZSM-38, ZSM-48 and other similar structures; The more detailed description of relevant ZSM-5 is referring to US3, and 702,886.Large pore zeolite is selected from one or more the mixture in this group zeolite that the ultra steady Y that is obtained by Rare Earth Y (REY), rare earth hydrogen Y (REHY), different methods, high silicon Y constitute.
Inorganic oxide is selected from silicon-dioxide (SiO as caking agent
2) and/or aluminium sesquioxide (Al
2O
3).
Clay is selected from kaolin and/or halloysite as matrix (being carrier).
Catalytic cracking catalyst in each reactor drum can be identical, also can be different.
The used reactor drum in catalytic pyrolysis of the present invention unit be selected from riser tube, etc. one or both series combinations in the fluidized-bed, isodiametric fluidized-bed, upstriker transfer limes, downstriker transfer limes of linear speed.Riser tube can be conventional isodiametric riser tube, also can be the riser tube of various forms reducing.Wherein the gas of fluidized-bed speed is the 0.1-2 meter per second, and the gas speed of riser tube is 2-30 meter per second (disregarding catalyzer).
Preferred forms of the present invention is in a kind of reducing riser reactor, to carry out, about the more detailed description of this reactor drum referring to CN1237477A.
In order to increase the agent-oil ratio and the temperature of reaction of reaction catchment, improve the lytic activity of catalyzer, can be through the regenerated catalyst and half regenerated catalyst of supplemental heat.Also can design well heater to improve temperature of reaction in reactor downstream.
The method of separating ethene and propylene is identical with the method that those of ordinary skills know from reaction oil gas; It is identical with the method that those of ordinary skills know as the recycle stock method to come out from reaction oil gas separation of C 4-C8; The method of aromatics separation and non-aromatic hydrocarbons is that the solvent extracting is identical with the method that those of ordinary skills know in the aroamtic hydrocarbon raw material oil on the lenient side; Separate described 160～260 ℃ cut; Preferred 170～250 ℃ cut can carry out separation method in existing FCC separation column; Heavy aromatics and separating of non-aromatic hydrocarbons greater than the cut of 250 ℃ or 260 ℃ can be adopted the heavy aromatics extraction plant, perhaps greater than the cut of 250 ℃ or the 260 ℃ raw oil as conventional CCU.
This technical scheme organically combines technologies such as catalytic pyrolysis, steam cracking, oil gas fractionation, gas delivery, light aromatic solvent extracting and heavy aromatic solvent extracting; Produce ethene and propylene to greatest extent from the heavy feed stock that hydrogen richness is lower; Its productive rate can surpass 40 heavy %, aromatic hydrocarbons such as the toluene of coproduction simultaneously, YLENE.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is a catalysis conversion method schematic flow sheet of producing ethene, propylene and aromatic hydrocarbons provided by the invention.
Embodiment
The device that method provided by the invention relates to comprises: catalytic pyrolysis unit, fractionation unit, light/heavy aromatics extracting unit, gas separation unit, steam cracking unit.Below narration respectively.
The catalytic pyrolysis unit:
The catalytic pyrolysis part is made up of reactor drum and revivifier, and raw oil contacts in reactor drum with catalyst for cracking, at 450 ℃-800 ℃ of temperature, weight hourly space velocity 0.1h
-1-800h
-1, reaction pressure 0.10MPa-1.0MPa (absolute pressure), catalytic cracking catalyst and raw material weight ratio 1-150; The weight ratio of water vapor and raw material is to carry out cracking reaction under the 0.05-1.0; Reacted oil gas and catalyst separating; Reclaimable catalyst is Returning reactor after stripping, regeneration; Isolated oil gas send fractionation unit, gas separation unit and extracting unit, and 160～260 ℃ cut of fractionation unit returns the catalytic pyrolysis unit, and the unitary heavy aromatics of extracting is raffinated oil and returned the catalytic pyrolysis unit; The unitary light aromatic hydrocarbons of extracting is raffinated oil and is returned the catalytic pyrolysis unit or/and the steam cracking unit, and the ethane of gas separation unit, propane and butane send the steam cracking unit or return the catalytic pyrolysis unit.The C 4 olefin of gas separation unit returns the catalytic pyrolysis unit.Carbon five hydro carbons return the cracking unit.
Fractionation unit:
Fractionation unit is made up of separation column, vapor-liquid separation tank and stripping tower, is divided into rich gas, light aromatic hydrocarbons material, freshening material, heavy aromatics material and oil fuel at the fractionation unit reaction oil gas.
The catalytic cracking reaction oil gas that comes from the catalytic pyrolysis unit is sent into separation column with steam cracking reaction oil gas and is separated.
Extract the boiling range scope at the bottom of the separation column out through fractionation and be higher than 360 ℃ cut, mainly contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in this cut, after filtering out the little amount of catalyst fine powder that wherein carries, can be used as and be in harmonious proportion the component of oil fuel or as the raw material of production carbon black.
Extraction boiling range scope is 250～360 ℃ a cut from the separation column middle and lower part; Mainly contain mononuclear aromatics, double ring arene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in this cut; And contain naphthenic hydrocarbon and paraffinic hydrocarbons, and naphthenic hydrocarbon and paraffinic hydrocarbons are the raw materials of fine low-carbon olefines high-output and aromatic hydrocarbons.Therefore, 250～360 ℃ cut is delivered to heavy aromatics extracting cell processing, aromatic hydrocarbons and non-aromatic hydrocarbons are separated, non-aromatic hydrocarbons is as the unitary raw material of cracking, and aromatic hydrocarbons is as industrial chemicals or oil fuel.
Extraction boiling range scope is 160～260 ℃ a cut from the separation column middle and upper part; Preferred 170～250 ℃ cut; Mainly containing paraffinic hydrocarbons, naphthenic hydrocarbon and part mononuclear aromatics in this cut, is the raw material of fine low-carbon olefines high-output and aromatic hydrocarbons, returns the cracking unit and further reacts; Make the side chain fracture on paraffinic hydrocarbons and the mononuclear aromatics, produce low-carbon alkene and aromatic hydrocarbons to greatest extent.
The oil gas of discharging from the fractionation cat head gets into vapor-liquid separation tank through condensation, cooling back to be separated, the rich gas of the telling body separating unit of supplying gas, and the thick light aromatic hydrocarbons material of telling gives the processing of the stripping tower in this unit, recycles after the water treatment of telling.
Stripping tower is actually a depentanizer, and thick light aromatic hydrocarbons material is divided into C in stripping tower
6 +Cut and C
5 -Cut.C
6 +Mainly containing mononuclear aromatics in the cut, is the light aromatics extraction raw material of fine, through the selective hydrogenation unit, delivers to light aromatic hydrocarbons extracting cell processing, and aromatic hydrocarbons and stable hydrocarbon are separated, and stable hydrocarbon is as the unitary raw material of cracking, and aromatic hydrocarbons is as industrial chemicals.C
5 -Cut is delivered to gas separation unit and is handled.
Gas separation unit:
Gas separation unit is made up of rich gas compressor, depropanizing tower, demethanizing tower, deethanizing column, ethylene rectification tower and propylene rectification tower.
Rich gas is sent into depropanizing tower behind the rich gas compressor pressurize, the C of fractionation unit
5 -Cut is also sent into depropanizing tower.Through separating, discharge C4 and C 5 fraction at the bottom of the depropanizing tower, after cooling, get into debutanizing tower.The logistics of debutylize cat head gets into the butylene rectifying tower, and the debutanizing tower bottoms stream is discharged C 5 fraction, and this cut returns the unitary reactor drum of cracking and further reacts.Butylene rectifying tower top butylene returns the catalytic pyrolysis unit or goes out device, and butane returns the catalytic pyrolysis unit or send the cracking of the unitary butane cracking stove of cracking at the bottom of the butylene rectifying tower.The depropanizing cat head is discharged C
3 -Cut is sent into demethanizing tower after cooling.The demethanizing cat head is discharged the fuel gas that mainly contains methane and hydrogen, and the demethanizing tower bottoms stream is sent into deethanizing column.Ethylene rectification tower is sent in the logistics of deethanizing cat head, and the deethanizing column bottoms stream is sent into propylene rectification tower.Ethylene distillation cat head polymer grade ethylene goes out device, and ethane send cracking unitary ethane cracking furnace cracking at the bottom of the ethylene rectification tower.Propylene rectification tower top polymerization-grade propylene goes out device, and propane send cracking unitary ethane cracking furnace cracking at the bottom of the propylene rectification tower.
The steam cracking unit:
In this unit, catalytic pyrolysis ethane, propane, butane contact under 700 ℃-1000 ℃ with water vapor, and separating reaction oil gas obtains H
2, CH
4, ethene, propylene, steam cracking ethane, propane, steam cracking C
4-C
5, steam cracking petroleum naphtha, oil fuel, wherein steam cracking ethene, propylene are one of purpose product.
The selective hydrogenation unit:
In this unit, light aromatic hydrocarbons material (being C6-160 ℃ of cut) contacts with hydrogen, selective hydrogenation catalyst, at hydrogen dividing potential drop 1.2～8.0MPa (absolute pressure), 150～300 ℃ of temperature of reaction, hydrogen to oil volume ratio 150～600Nm
3/ m
3, volume space velocity 1～20h
-1React under the condition, obtain the selective hydrogenation petroleum naphtha; Deliver to light aromatic hydrocarbons extracting unit.Said selective hydrogenation catalyst is to be that active ingredient, activated alumina are the non-precious metal catalyst of carrier with Ni-W, Co-Ni-W, Ni-Mo or Co-Mo, requires this catalyzer to possess that high to take off diene active and desulphurizing activated.
Light aromatic hydrocarbons extracting and heavy aromatics extracting unit:
The extracting unit comprises light aromatic hydrocarbons extracting and heavy aromatics extracting two portions.Light aromatic hydrocarbons extracting comprises solvent tower, extractive distillation solvent recovery tower, liquid liquid extraction tower, stripping tower, liquid liquid extracting regenerating column etc.The heavy aromatics extracting comprises liquid liquid extraction tower, stripping tower, liquid liquid extracting regenerating column etc.
In this unit; The selective hydrogenation petroleum naphtha obtains light aromatic hydrocarbons through solvent extraction and raffinates oil with light aromatic hydrocarbons; Wherein light aromatic hydrocarbons is one of purpose product, light aromatic hydrocarbons raffinate oil return the catalytic pyrolysis unit or/and the steam cracking unit as catalytic pyrolysis or/and one of raw material of steam cracking.Last running obtains heavy aromatics and heavy aromatics is raffinated oil through solvent extraction, and heavy aromatics is raffinated oil and returned the catalytic pyrolysis unit as one of raw material of catalytic pyrolysis.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing method provided by the present invention is further explained, but therefore do not limited the present invention.
Accompanying drawing is a catalysis conversion method schematic flow sheet of producing ethene, propylene and aromatic hydrocarbons provided by the invention.
Its technical process is following:
Promoting medium is in advance got into by riser reactor 2 bottoms through pipeline 1; From the regenerated catalyst of pipeline 18 in the castering action lower edge riser tube that the promotes medium in advance accelerated motion that makes progress; The raw material of type three through pipeline 3 with bottom from the atomizing steam injecting lift pipe 2 reaction zone I of pipeline 4; Mix with the existing logistics of riser reactor, cracking reaction takes place in the raw material of type three on the catalyzer of heat, and upwards accelerated motion.The raw material of type two through pipeline 5 with bottom from the atomizing steam injecting lift pipe 2 reaction zone II of pipeline 6; Mix with the existing logistics of riser reactor; Cracking reaction takes place in type two raw materials on the hot catalyzer that contains a small amount of charcoal, and upwards accelerated motion; The raw material of type one through pipeline 7 with bottom from the atomizing steam injecting lift pipe 2 reaction zone III of pipeline 8; Mix with the existing logistics of riser reactor; Cracking reaction takes place in type one raw material on the catalyzer of the lesser temps that contains certain charcoal, and upwards accelerated motion.The cyclonic separator that the oil gas that generates and the reclaimable catalyst of inactivation get in the settling vessel 10 through pipeline 9, the realization reclaimable catalyst separates with oil gas, and oil gas gets into collection chamber 11, and catalyst fines returns settling vessel by dipleg.Reclaimable catalyst flows to stripping stage 12 in the settling vessel, contacts with steam from pipeline 13.The oil gas that stripping goes out from reclaimable catalyst gets into collection chamber 11 behind cyclonic separator.Reclaimable catalyst behind the stripping gets into revivifier 15 through inclined tube 14, and main air gets into revivifier through pipeline 16, and the coke on the burning-off reclaimable catalyst makes the reclaimable catalyst regeneration of inactivation, and flue gas gets into cigarette machine 17 through pipeline.Catalyzer after the regeneration gets into riser tube through inclined tube 18.
Oil gas in the collection chamber 11 gets into follow-up separation system 20 through main oil gas piping 19, separates the propylene that obtains and draws through pipeline 21; And carbon four hydro carbons are drawn through pipeline 22, and the part C 4 olefin gets into the bottom that pipeline 44 returns riser tube 2 reaction zone II, and the catalytic pyrolysis dry gas is drawn through pipeline 23; Catalytic pyrolysis ethene is drawn through pipeline 41; Catalytic pyrolysis C5 draws through pipeline 42 and returns riser tube 2 reaction zone I or/and the II (not shown), and light aroamtic hydrocarbon raw material is drawn through pipeline 24, gets into selective hydrogenation device 25; And then get into light aromatic extraction unit 26; The light aromatic hydrocarbons of telling is drawn through pipeline 27, and non-aromatic hydrocarbons (be light aromatic hydrocarbons extract out oil) returns steam cracking unit 35 through pipeline 45, or/and return the bottom of riser tube 2 reaction zone I through pipeline 28; 160～260 ℃ cut returns the bottom of riser tube 2 reaction zone II through pipeline 29; Heavy aromatics raw material (promptly>260 ℃ cut) is drawn out to heavy aromatics extracting unit 31 through pipeline 30, isolates heavy aromatics and draws through pipeline 32, and heavy aromatics is raffinated oil and returned the bottom of riser tube 2 reaction zone III through pipeline 33; The ethane of catalytic pyrolysis, propane and butane are drawn through pipeline 34 and are got into steam cracking unit 35; Purpose product ethene of telling and propylene are drawn through pipeline 36 and 43 respectively; Hydrogen of telling and methane are drawn through pipeline 37; The ethane of telling, propane, butane and pentane return steam cracking unit 35 through pipeline 38, and butylene of telling and amylene get into pipeline 5 through pipeline 39 and return riser tube 2, and the steam cracking petroleum naphtha of telling gets into hydrogenation unit 25 through pipeline 40.
This method is produced low-carbon alkenes such as ethene, propylene to greatest extent from heavy feed stock, the productive rate of ethene and propylene all weighs more than the % 20, simultaneously aromatic hydrocarbons such as coproduction toluene and YLENE.This technical scheme organically combines technologies such as catalytic pyrolysis and solvent extraction, produces ethene, propylene and aromatic hydrocarbons to greatest extent from the heavy feed stock that hydrogen richness is lower.The present invention compared with prior art has following unforeseeable technique effect:
1, the selectivity of ethene in dry gas increases significantly;
2, productivity of propylene and the propylene selectivity in liquefied gas increases considerably;
3, aromatics yield such as toluene and YLENE increases significantly;
4, under the situation that the reaction severity reduces, the heavy oil productive rate reduces significantly;
5, other component productive rate in the dry gas reduces significantly.
Adopt method provided by the invention, the refinery can produce to greatest extent low-carbon alkenes such as ethene and propylene from heavy feed stock, and aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, YLENE are rich in coproduction simultaneously.Thereby realize the technological breakthrough of refinery's notion; Change to chemical refinery from traditional fuel type and fuel-lubricated oil type refinery production model; Make the refinery from single oil refining to industrial chemicals and production development of high added value derived product and extension; Both solve the petrochemical material problem of shortage, improved the economic benefit of refinery again.
Following embodiment will further explain present method, but therefore not limit present method.
Used raw material is VGO among the embodiment, and its character is as shown in table 1.The light used solvent of aromatic hydrocarbons extracting is a tetramethylene sulfone among the embodiment, and the used solvent of heavy aromatics extracting is a furfural.
Catalytic cracking catalyst preparation method used among the embodiment is summarized as follows:
1), with 20gNH
4Cl is dissolved in the 1000g water, and (Qilu Petrochemical company catalyst plant is produced, SiO in this solution, to add 100g (butt) crystallization product ZRP-1 zeolite
2/ Al
2O
3=30, content of rare earth RE
2O
3=2.0 heavy %), behind 90 ℃ of exchange 0.5h, cross and filter filter cake; Add 4.0gH
3PO
4(concentration 85%), 2.0g Mg (NO
3)
2With 4.5gFe (NO
3)
3Be dissolved in the 90g water, dry with the filter cake hybrid infusion; Then handle at 550 ℃ of roasting temperatures and obtained phosphorous and MFI structure mesopore zeolite iron in 2 hours, its elementary analytical chemistry consists of
0.1Na
2O·5.1Al
2O
3·2.4P
2O
5·1.0MgO·1.5Fe
2O
3·3.8RE
2O
3·88.1SiO
2。
2), with 250kg decationized Y sieve water with 75.4kg halloysite (Suzhou china clay company Industrial products, solid content 71.6m%) making beating, add 54.8kg pseudo-boehmite (Shandong Aluminum Plant's Industrial products again; Solid content 63m%), its PH is transferred to 2-4, stir with hydrochloric acid; Under 60-70 ℃, left standstill aging 1 hour, maintenance PH is 2-4, cools the temperature to below 60 ℃; Add 41.5Kg aluminium colloidal sol (Qilu Petrochemical company catalyst plant product, Al
2O
3Content is 21.7m%), stirred 40 minutes, obtain mixed serum.
3), with phosphorous, the calcium of step 1) preparation and the MFI structure mesopore zeolite (butt is 22.5kg) and DASY zeolite (the Qilu Petrochemical company catalyst plant Industrial products of iron; Lattice constant is 2.445-2.448nm; Butt is 2.0kg) join step 2) in the mixed serum that obtains, stir spray drying forming; With ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (phosphorus content is 1m%) washing, the flush away Na that dissociates
+, be drying to obtain the catalytic cracking catalyst sample, this catalyzer consist of that 15 heavy % are phosphorous, MFI structure mesopore zeolite, 3 heavy %DASY zeolites, 32 heavy % pseudo-boehmites, the 6 heavy % aluminium colloidal sol and the surplus kaolin of calcium and iron.
Embodiment
Raw oil directly as the raw material of catalytic pyrolysis, makes an experiment on the middle-scale device by riser reactor.Light aromatic hydrocarbons is raffinated oil and C
3-C
5Hydro carbons gets into reaction zone I bottom, and at reaction zone I, light aromatic hydrocarbons is raffinated oil and C
3-C
5Hydro carbons is at 700 ℃ of temperature of reaction, weight hourly space velocity 180h
-1, the weight ratio 60 of catalytic cracking catalyst and raw material, the weight ratio of water vapor and raw material are to carry out cracking reaction under 0.50 condition; 160～260 ℃ cut injects the bottom of reaction zone II, and at reaction zone II, 160～260 ℃ cut is at 660 ℃ of temperature of reaction, weight hourly space velocity 100h
-1, the weight ratio 30 of catalytic cracking catalyst and raw material, the weight ratio of water vapor and raw material are to carry out cracking reaction under 0.35 condition; Heavy aromatics is raffinated oil and raw oil B gets into reaction zone III bottom, adds to reaction zone III bottom from revivifier taking-up portion of hot regenerated catalyst simultaneously, reacts weight hourly space velocity with the temperature that increases reaction zone III with reducing.At reaction zone III, oil gas is at 600 ℃ of temperature of reaction, weight hourly space velocity 30h
-1, the weight ratio of water vapor and raw material is to carry out cracking reaction under 0.25 condition, and oil gas separates at settling vessel with the catalyzer of treating charcoal, and product separates in separation system, thereby obtains propylene and C
3-C
5Hydro carbons, C
3-C
5Hydro carbons carries out freshening, and light aroamtic hydrocarbon raw material is through the tetramethylene sulfone extracting, and extraction temperature is 80 ℃; Volume ratio between solvent and the raw material is 3.0, tells stable hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbons, and the stable hydrocarbon conduct is cracking stock again; The heavy aromatics raw material is through being selected from the furfural extracting, and extraction temperature is 100 ℃, and the volume ratio between solvent and the raw material is 3.0; Tell stable hydrocarbon and heavy aromatics, stable hydrocarbon and raw materials mix get into riser reactor.The ethane that cat-cracker produced, propane and butane be as the unitary raw material of steam cracking, under 830 ℃ of temperature of reaction, is cracked into ethene and propylene.Operational condition and product distribute and list in table 2.
Can find out that from table 2 ethylene yield, productivity of propylene are respectively 20.01 heavy % and 28.21 heavy %, toluene and YLENE yield are respectively 5.85 heavy % and 10.54 heavy %.
Table 1
| Raw oil character | |
| Density (20 ℃), g/cm 3 | 0.9134 |
| Sulphur content, ppm | 5800 |
| Nitrogen content, ppm | 2900 |
| Aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy % | 32.6 |
| C, heavy % | 86.23 |
| H, heavy % | 12.69 |
| Boiling range (ASTM D-1160), ℃ | |
| IBP | 327 |
| 10％ | 363 |
| 30％ | 409 |
| 50％ | 450 |
| 70％ | 482 |
| 90％ | 504 |
| 95％ | 526 |
| EP | 542 |
Table 2
| Embodiment | |
| The catalytic pyrolysis unit | |
| Operational condition | |
| Riser tube | |
| The riser tube temperature out, ℃ | 590 |
| Reaction zone I | |
| Temperature of reaction, ℃ | 700 |
| Agent-oil ratio, m/m | 60 |
| Water filling (accounting for raw material), heavy % | 50 |
| Reaction zone II | |
| Temperature of reaction | 660 |
| Agent-oil ratio, m/ |
30 |
| Water filling (accounting for raw material), |
35 |
| Reaction zone III/ fluidized-bed | |
| Temperature of reaction, ℃ | 600 |
| Weight hourly space velocity, |
30 |
| Water filling (accounting for raw material), |
25 |
| The steam cracking unit | |
| Temperature of reaction, ℃ | 830 |
| Product distributes, heavy % | |
| H 2+CH 4 | 3.23 |
| Ethene | 20.01 |
| Propylene | 28.21 |
| Ethane+propane | 4.65 |
| C 4 | 9.51 |
| Benzene | 2.7 |
| Toluene | 5.85 |
| YLENE | 10.54 |
| Heavy aromatics/turning oil | 7.52 |
| Slurry oil | / |
| Coke | 7.78 |
Claims (12)
1. a catalysis conversion method of producing ethene, propylene and aromatic hydrocarbons is characterized in that this method comprises the following steps:
(1) raw material of type three at first contacts with hot regenerated catalyst, at 680 ℃-800 ℃ of temperature of reaction, weight hourly space velocity 100h
-1-800h
-1, reaction pressure 0.10MPa-1.0MPa, catalytic cracking catalyst and raw material weight ratio 30-150; The weight ratio of water vapor and raw material is to carry out cracking reaction under the condition of 0.15-1.0; The raw material of said type three is embarrassed cracking stock; Be selected from carbonatoms and be 4～8 alkane, light aromatic hydrocarbons raffinate oil a kind of or more than one mixture wherein, wherein said carbonatoms is that 4～8 alkane install from this, perhaps conventional catalytic cracking, coking, thermally splitting, hydrogenation unit;
(2) reaction effluent separates without finish, and with the raw materials mix of type two, the raw material of type two is at 650 ℃-750 ℃ of temperature of reaction, weight hourly space velocity 10h
-1-300h
-1, reaction pressure 0.10MPa-1.0MPa, catalytic cracking catalyst and raw material weight ratio 20-100; The weight ratio of water vapor and raw material is to carry out cracking reaction under the condition of 0.15-1.0; The raw material of said type two is more difficult cracking stock, is selected from slurry oil, diesel oil, gasoline, carbonatoms and is a kind of in the alkene of 4-8, the cut that boiling range is 160～260 ℃ or more than one mixture wherein;
(3) reaction effluent again with the raw materials mix of type one, the raw oil of type one is at 550 ℃-650 ℃ of temperature of reaction, weight hourly space velocity 0.1h
-1-100h
-1, reaction pressure 0.10MPa-1.0MPa, catalytic cracking catalyst and raw material weight ratio 10-50; The weight ratio of water vapor and raw material is to carry out cracking reaction under the condition of 0.15-1.0; The raw material of said type one is for being prone to cracking stock; Be petroleum hydrocarbon and/or other MO, wherein petroleum hydrocarbon is selected from a kind of in raffinating oil of vacuum gas oil, atmospheric gas oil, coker gas oil, deasphalted oil, vacuum residuum, long residuum, heavy aromatics or more than one mixture wherein; Other MO is liquefied coal coil, tar sand oil, shale oil;
(4) reclaimable catalyst separates through cyclonic separator with reaction oil gas, and reclaimable catalyst gets into stripper, Returning reactor behind the stripping coke burning regeneration, and reaction oil gas gets into follow-up separation system;
(5) reaction oil gas is told purpose product ethene and propylene and H in separation system
2, CH
4, ethane, propane, butylene, butane, C
5Hydrocarbon, C6-160 ℃ cut, 160～260 ℃ of cuts, greater than 260 ℃ of cuts, wherein 160～260 ℃ of cuts return step (2) as recycle stock;
(6) catalytic pyrolysis ethane, propane, butane and water vapor get into the steam cracking reaction device, under 700 ℃-1000 ℃ of temperature of reaction, carry out cracking reaction, and separating reaction oil gas obtains purpose product ethene and propylene, and H
2, CH
4, steam cracking ethane, propane, steam cracking C
4-C
5, steam cracking petroleum naphtha, oil fuel, wherein steam cracking ethane, propane cycles are returned the steam cracking reaction device, steam cracking C
4-C
5Loop back the catalytic cracking reaction device;
(7) the steam cracking petroleum naphtha is earlier after selective hydrogenation; Obtaining aromatic hydrocarbons through solvent extraction again raffinates oil with light aromatic hydrocarbons; Wherein aromatic hydrocarbons is one of purpose product, light aromatic hydrocarbons raffinate oil return step (6) or/and step (1) as steam cracking or/and one of raw material of catalytic pyrolysis.
2. according to the method for claim 1; It is characterized in that said gasoline is selected from a kind of in catalytically cracked gasoline, straight-run spirit, coker gasoline, pyrolysis gasoline, pressure gasoline, hydrogenated gasoline, present method gained catalytic cracking gasoline or more than one mixture wherein, wherein catalytically cracked gasoline, straight-run spirit, coker gasoline, pyrolysis gasoline, pressure gasoline, hydrogenated gasoline are from the outer gasoline of this device.
3. according to the method for claim 1; It is characterized in that said diesel oil is to be selected from a kind of in catalytic cracking diesel oil, straight-run diesel oil, coker gas oil, thermally splitting diesel oil, hydrogenated diesel oil, present method gained catalytic pyrolysis diesel oil or more than one mixture wherein, wherein catalytic cracking diesel oil, straight-run diesel oil, coker gas oil, thermally splitting diesel oil, hydrogenated diesel oil are from the outer diesel oil of this device.
4. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described carbonatoms is that 4～8 alkene installs perhaps conventional catalytic cracking, coking, thermally splitting, hydrogenation unit from this.
5. according to the method for claim 1, the raw material that it is characterized in that the said type two of said step (2) is that boiling range is 160～260 ℃ a cut.
6. according to the method for claim 1, the raw material that it is characterized in that the said type two of step (2) is that boiling range is 170～250 ℃ a cut.
7. according to claim 1,5 or 6 method, it is characterized in that said boiling range is that 160～260 ℃ cut, 170～250 ℃ cut install perhaps conventional catalytic cracking, coking, thermally splitting, hydrogenation unit from this.
8. according to the method for claim 1; It is characterized in that described catalytic cracking catalyst comprises zeolite, inorganic oxide and optional clay; Each component accounts for total catalyst weight respectively: the heavy % of zeolite 1 heavy %-50, the heavy % of inorganic oxide 5 heavy %-99, the heavy % of clay 0 heavy %-70; Its mesolite is mesopore zeolite and optional large pore zeolite, and mesopore zeolite accounts for the heavy % of 50 heavy %-100 of zeolite gross weight, and large pore zeolite accounts for the heavy % of 0 heavy %-50 of zeolite gross weight; Mesopore zeolite is selected from ZSM series zeolite and/or ZRP zeolite, and large pore zeolite is selected from the Y series zeolite.
9. according to the method for claim 8, it is characterized in that described mesopore zeolite carries out modification with in phosphorus and chosen from Fe, cobalt, the nickel one or more.
10. according to the method for claim 1; It is characterized in that used reactor drum be selected from riser tube, etc. one or both series combinations in the fluidized-bed, isodiametric fluidized-bed, upstriker transfer limes, downstriker transfer limes of linear speed, wherein riser tube is the conventional isodiametric riser tube or the riser tube of various forms reducing.
11. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that said light aromatic hydrocarbons raffinate oil be boiling range be C6～160 ℃ cut earlier after selective hydrogenation again through the solvent extraction gained; The light extractive solvent of aromatic hydrocarbons is selected from by one or more the mixture in tetramethylene sulfone, N-Methyl pyrrolidone, diethylene glycol ether, triethylene glycol ether, TEG, DMSO 99.8MIN. and the N-formyl morpholine ether; The temperature of solvent extraction is 40-120 ℃, and the volume ratio between solvent and the solvent extraction raw material is 2-6.
12. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that it is that boiling range is that＞260 ℃ cut is through the solvent extraction gained that said heavy aromatics is raffinated oil; The heavy aromatics extraction solvent is selected from methyl-sulphoxide, furfural, N, monoethanolamine, terepthaloyl moietie, 1; The mixture of one or more in the 2-Ucar 35, extraction temperature are 40～120 ℃, and the volume ratio between solvent and the raw material is 0.5～5.0.
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