CN101361394B - 以广播为中心的蜂窝通信系统、方法和移动台 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
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Abstract
一种以广播为中心的蜂窝通信系统通过在具有在多个关联小区内发射信号的多个基站的蜂窝通信系统中利用宏分集的好处,改进了广播信道性能。系统在多个基站构建相同的寻呼信号,并控制基站同时发射相同的寻呼信号。移动台预占为多个基站共用的寻呼信道,并监听由多个基站同时广播的寻呼消息。移动台选择具有适当信号质量的基站,并向所选基站发射对寻址到移动台的寻呼消息的响应。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及移动无线电电信系统。更具体地且非限制地,本发明涉及通过利用宏分集的好处,改进蜂窝通信系统的广播、寻呼和同步性能的系统、方法和移动台。
背景技术
蜂窝系统发送广播信号,这些信号由移动台接收以获得用于适当系统操作的重要信息。此信息中的一些信息是系统特定的,如系统ID、运营商名称、支持的服务等等。一些信息是小区特定的,如移动台要用于访问小区的最大功率等等。通常,所有广播信息在属于该运营商的整个蜂窝网络中的每个小区上单独发送。在GSM中,此信息在广播控制信道(BCCH)或分组广播控制信道(PBCCH)上发送。类似的公共信道存在用于CDMA和WCDMA系统。系统特定及小区特定信息在每个小区上发送,并且带宽资源在每个小区单独分配以用于广播。
常规蜂窝系统主要设计用于单播服务,其中点对点通信是首要目标,并且一般在移动台存在的单个小区内处理。构建所有其它功能性以支持首要目的,并且因此设计在单个小区范围内。例如,在GSM、CDMA2000和WCDMA中,为了支持话音和数据呼叫,在每个小区中提供了部件,以使移动台同步到它已经选择的适合小区,并且获得小区中基站发送的广播信息。在广播信息的此类同步和读取后,移动台可接入系统并建立通信链路。
在GSM中,每个小区具有频率校正信道(FCH),该信道允许对小区的粗略频率和时间同步,并提供同步信道(SCH)的指示符,这允许对小区的更精确同步。SCH允许标识小区和BCCH的指示符。BCCH包含与系统和小区相关的所有广播信息,并且还涉及小区中的点对点通信。这些逻辑信道中的各信道存在各个小区中。FCH是所有小区中的相同信号,但终端只能同步到一个特定小区的FCH。因此,在每个小区具有相同FCH的好处实质上只在缩小终端搜索空间方面有帮助。
在CDMA2000中,将公共导频信道用于初始同步。在所有小区中使用相同的公共导频信道,但可变偏移(n*64个码片)对小区进行区分。尝试同步到公共导频信道的终端连接到具有特定偏移的小区。不用说多个64码片偏移,即使一个64码片偏移对于典型路径搜索窗口而言也是太大了,并且它不可能用于不同基站的路径组合。提供其它信息的同步信道与公共导频信道密切关联,并且向广播控制信道提供指示符,该指示符提供附加信息到移动台以便进一步通信。
在WCDMA中,同步通过为所有基站共有的主要同步代码实现。由于基站一般是异步的,因此,极有可能终端同步到一个特定小区。此外,辅助同步代码提供有关帧边界的信息,并且指示一组扰码。通过搜索该组扰码,终端标识小区,并且能够接收系统广播信息。
宏分集定义为从通过传输资源之间的大空间距离分隔的各种无线电链路接收类似的信息。接收机可通过适当地组合这些链路的信号而改进已接收信号的质量。术语“类似的信息”要理解为是指能够嵌入以不同方式可选地进行编码的相同信息,作为两个或更多无线电传输的全部或部分。如应用到限定词“宏”一样,大空间距离表示的情况是传输无线电资源由包括大部分小区大小以及能够包含几个基站站点的距离分隔。编码信息在此方面与诸如加扰、交错或信道编码及其组合的操作有关。
执行宏分集的一个常见方式是基本同时从多个发射器发射完全相同的信息。接收机接收通过不同无线电链路传递的信号总和,并使用适当的解调方法获得性能好处。执行宏分集的此方式的一个好处在于,接收机不在实质上不同于设计成只从一个发射机接收信号的接收机。
在上述GSM、CDMA2000和WCDMA系统中,显然,即使基本 上类似的同步信号跨多个小区存在,系统也不配置为允许使用宏分集增强系统同步。信号统一性的存在只作为简化初始同步的一种方式。
近来,一直相当关注通过蜂窝网络提供广播服务,其中相同的信号广播到跨多个小区的许多用户。这已引起许多服务,如用于WCDMA的多媒体广播/多播服务(MBMS)和如用于手持终端的手持数字视频广播(DVB-H)等广播电视服务。由于这些服务是广播可能为所有用户共有的信息,因此,这些服务使用诸如宏分集等方法帮助改进向系统中用户传递信息的性能。迄今为止,这些广播技术一直用于广播服务。实际上,已用于此类服务的设计需要可在还用于广播系统信息的新颖方向上延伸,甚至在其主要目的是点对点通信的系统中。
在常规蜂窝系统中用于广播系统信息的解决方案无法利用宏分集提供的任何优势,因为不同小区的信息是不同的。当前技术需要一种改进的系统、方法和移动台,用于将所有相关广播信息传递到在蜂窝通信系统中操作的移动台,而同时允许使用点对点服务来传递数据到特定用户。本发明提供了这种系统、方法和移动台。
发明内容
本发明通过利用宏分集的好处,改进了蜂窝通信系统的广播信道性能,由此改进了系统特定和小区特定信息的系统信息传递的性能。蜂窝系统使用跨整个系统相同的广播信道以实现对系统(而不是系统中的一个小区)的初始同步,并且移动台从全系统的广播信道获得最相关的系统信息。在获得此类系统信息后,移动台标识一个适合的小区,从中获得小区特定控制信息,并随后经选择的小区连接到系统。
因此,本发明提供了一种允许使用宏分集来增强在蜂窝网络中广播和控制信道接收性能的系统与关联设备。
在一方面,本发明涉及一种移动台,它包括用于预占为多个基站共用的寻呼信道的部件和用于在寻呼信道上监听由多个基站同时广播的寻呼消息的部件。移动台还包括用于从多个基站中选择具有适当信号质量的基站的部件和用于向所选基站发射对寻址到移动台的寻呼消息的响应的部件。
在另一方面,本发明涉及无线多蜂窝电信系统,所述系统具有在多个关联小区内发射信号的多个基站。所述系统包括用于在多个基站构建相同寻呼信号的部件和用于控制多个基站同时发射相同寻呼信号的部件。所述系统还可包括用于同步和同时从多个基站广播为所有小区共用的系统特定控制信息的部件和用于从每个基站单独发射小区特定控制信息的部件。
在另一方面,本发明涉及一种将寻呼信息发送到在无线多蜂窝电信系统中操作的移动台的方法,所述系统具有在多个关联小区内发射信号的多个基站。所述方法包括在多个基站构建相同寻呼信号和基本上同时从多个基站发射相同的寻呼信号。
附图说明
在以下部分,将参照图中所示的示范实施例描述本发明,其中:
图1是在本发明的第一实施例中在两个小区中利用的传输序列的示意图;
图2是根据第一实施例的广播消息的示范消息结构的示意图;
图3是在本发明的第二实施例中在两个小区中利用的传输序列的示意图;
图4是根据本发明示范实施例修改的移动台收发信机的简化框图;以及
图5是根据本发明示范实施例的系统的简化框图。
具体实施方式
本发明通过利用宏分集的好处,改进了蜂窝通信系统的广播信道性能,由此改进了系统特定和小区特定信息的系统信息传递性能。
本发明提供了以广播为中心的蜂窝通信系统。由于多小区广播预 期是任何将来蜂窝系统的一个必备的且重要的组成部分,因此,在系统的基本设计和功能中利用其优点是有意义的。在本发明中,蜂窝系统使用跨整个系统相同的广播信道以实现对系统(而不是系统中的一个小区)的初始同步,并且移动台从全系统的广播信道获得最相关的系统信息。在获得此类系统信息后,移动台标识一个适合的小区,从中获得小区特定控制信息,并随后经选择的小区连接到系统。与开始于单播服务并且近来在尝试改型到多播服务的过去和当前蜂窝网络不同,本发明开始于多播设计,同时仍允许具有良好性能的点对点服务。
本发明以基本上与发送用于广播服务的信息相同的方式在所有小区上发送系统特定信息。因此,相同的信息同时从所有基站发送。移动台从多个基站接收信息,并使用宏分集组合以获得宏分集的好处。正交频分复用(OFDM)是空中接口的优选,因为它考虑到低复杂性但实现大部分宏分集增益的接收机实现。然而,作为本发明基础的原理适用于各种空中接口,并且示范实施例不应视为排除那些相同的空中接口。
用OFDM,从每个基站广播的实际信号应是相同的(包括数据、导频等),以便移动台可接收一个单信号,并利用宏分集效应。另外,由于相同的消息同步地从多个小区广播,因此,来自相邻小区的传输贡献了有用的信号强度,而不是干扰。因此,系统中的移动台接收了质量好得多的广播传输。
给出用于通过常规BCCH广播服务的信号的优点,本发明还对于传统蜂窝系统操作利用本发明的基本原理。蜂窝网络中的移动装置必须连接并同步到系统。用于实现这种需要的普遍操作顺序是使用非同步网络和信令方案的结果,其中均衡的复杂性对于长信道脉冲响应非常高。宏分集的有效部署需要同步网络。
在一个实施例中,本发明利用跨整个系统统一并且在所有小区中在时间上同步的单系统同步信道(SSCH)。SSCH具有一些唯一特征,移动终端可使用这些特征获得初始频率和时间同步信息。终端使用其 唯一特征同步到SCCH,并且在同步过程中利用宏分集组合。由于所有小区都同步,因此,终端在此阶段没有区分小区的手段,并且将所有小区可用的全部功率用于同步。跨多个小区使用一个同步信号改进了干扰环境,因而引起了更高的同步概率和更少的误报警。
与SSCH关联的是系统广播控制信道(SBCCH),该信道跨系统中所有小区发送相同的广播信息。SBCCH还跨所有小区同步,并且具有在所有小区中相同的导频模式。通过使用此导频模式,终端使用整个接收的信号获得信道估计,并将SBCCH控制信息消息解调。这些消息包含对系统中所有小区共用的所有相关系统信息。该消息还可包含有关对不同小区特定的控制信息的指示符和不同小区的小区标识符的信息。虽然系统中小区的实际数量可能很大,但在物理层参数方面不同的小区数量较小,并且系统只需要以这种方式区分小区。例如,GSM中唯一小区的数量由基站识别码(BSIC)值来管控;CDMA2000中唯一小区的数量等于代码偏移的数量;以及WCDMA中唯一小区的数量等于唯一扰码的数量。另外,系统在干扰概率低的某一距离再使用这些标识符。因此,SBCCH的消息大小在合理的极限内。作为小区标识的一种机制(即,MS确定它可连接到适合小区的方式),本发明在物理层利用了不同的同步模式、导频模式等等。
在读取SBCCH控制信息后,移动台执行在时间和频率上不同位置的集中搜索,以搜索特定小区的小区标识符。由于这些搜索是集中进行的,因此误警概率相当低。因此,即使承载小区标识符的信号经受到比SSCH和SBCCH更多的干扰,终端还能够可靠地找到它们。使用SBCCH的其它指示符,终端还读取小区特定广播信息,该信息为终端提供了接入系统和执行登记/附连程序的足够信息。
在另一个实施例中,只广播SBCCH,而同步和小区标识是逐个小区执行的。这种情况下,小区特定控制信息可先由移动台读取,并且可提供SBCCH位置的指示符,这给出了多得多的控制信息。
本文描述了用于处理小区特定信息的三个实施例。在第一实施例 中,用于系统中不同小区的所有小区特定信息被整理并作为如上所述广播的信息一部分发送。从这个总括的广播消息,MS搜集对MS当前连接到或要连接到的小区特定的信息。在第二实施例中,同时从所有小区只广播系统特定信息。从各个小区发送小区特定信息。由于降低了必须基于每个小区发送的信息量,因此,可利用更强的编码来实现充分覆盖。在第三实施例中,一部分小区特定信息从所有小区广播,而另一部分小区特定信息从每个单独小区发送。
图1是在本发明的第一实施例中在两个小区中利用的传输序列的示意图。所有小区以某一周期性同时发射为所有小区共有的广播信息11。在其它时间,执行到每个小区中移动台的数据和其它(可能控制)传输12。在广播间隔期间,MS接收信号并执行解调和解码,以有利的方式利用宏分集效应。
在小区特定信息传输期间,系统设计成使得跨小区的信号结构不同(例如不同的导频等),足以允许在存在共信道干扰时正确接收。
图2是根据第一实施例的广播消息的示范消息结构的示意图。
图3是在本发明的第二实施例中在两个小区中利用的传输序列的示意图。在此实施例中,广播传输11只包含与所有小区相关的信息。不同的小区然后单独发射小区特定数据和其它传输12以及小区特定控制信息13。应注意,虽然图3示出小区1和2在不同时间发射小区特定信息,但这是不必要的,并且小区特定信息可同时发射。还应注意,广播信息以跨所有小区共用的信号格式发送,但小区特定信息优选以在每个小区中不同的信号格式发送,以便MS可区分不同小区的信息。小区特定信息可包括广播传输的指示符,以便MS可轻松地找到该广播传输。
在本发明的第三实施例中,系统广播信道广播全系统的信息和小区标识符列表。系统广播信道还可发送可由移动台用于对系统进行初始接入的一些小区特定信息。备选地,初始接入所需的一部分信息可在小区特定广播基础上发送。在移动台进行初始接入后,系统使用点 对点链路发送更详细的系统信息到移动台。因此,相关信息使用可能是小区广播的系统广播和点对点事务处理的组合进行发送。此实施例将基于广播发送的信息量降到最低,从而节省了广播资源。另外,发送到移动台的信息可使用最适合移动台的而不是为最差可能用户量定的调制和编码方案进行发送。
本发明还改进了在蜂窝系统中寻呼过程的效率。在传统寻呼过程中,蜂窝系统的服务区被分成几个位置区(LA),每个位置区可包括几个小区。无论何时移动台(MS)跨过LA边界,它们便执行LA更新。MS还执行定期LA更新和撤销登记时的LA更新。在一些系统中还使用诸如路由区等其它术语,但本发明并不意味着限于此类区的任何特定系统或定义。无论何时寻呼MS,均会在最后报告MS的LA内所有小区中寻呼它。用传统寻呼方法,在位置区的每个小区中发送单独的寻呼消息,并且移动台读取在它所处小区的寻呼信道上的寻呼消息。同时从其它小区发射的寻呼信号或其它信号被移动台视为干扰,并且这影响了移动接收机的性能。
用本发明,寻呼消息使用同时从所有基站广播的单个广播消息,在整个系统上发送。这具有几个效应。首先,它消除了对LA更新的需要,由此节省了上行链路带宽和功率。第二,广播信号的接收要求在移动台有较低的信号对干扰加噪声比。因此,这种形式的寻呼信号传输将需要更少的下行链路资源。备选地,仍可使用LA更新,但寻呼信号仍可使用在LA中小区上的同步和同时广播进行发送。
图4是根据本发明的示范实施例修改的移动台101-104中移动台收发信机20的简化框图。接收机21接收信号并将它发送到同步单元22,该单元同步到SSCH。来自同步单元22的同步信息由系统特定控制信息单元23使用,单元23读取所有小区发射的系统特定控制信息。系统特定控制信息单元23获得的指示符信息和从同步单元22获得的同步信息由小区特定控制信息和小区标识单元24用于选择适合的小区并读取选定小区发射的小区特定控制信息。系统特定和小区特定信 息与同步信息一起提供到接入单元25。之后,发射机26发送初始接入消息到系统。
图5是根据本发明示范实施例修改的系统的简化框图。基站39、40和41使用发射机34、35、36、37和38在下行链路上向在小区30、31、32和33中操作的移动台101、102、103和104进行发射。如图5所示,基站有可能向一个小区或多个小区进行发射。而且,基站可例如使用分布式天线系统,来使用多个发射机向同一小区进行发射。基站连接到系统控制单元27,该单元控制由不同发射机发送的广播信息。基站还连接到寻呼控制单元28,该单元决定发送寻呼消息的时间和使用的发射机。这可响应对从外部网络接收的呼叫的请求而完成。
基站39、40和41还连接到网关29,该网关允许连接到外部网络。注意,虽然系统控制单元27、寻呼控制单元28和网关29在图5中示为不同的单元,但它们可以仅是同一物理外壳内的逻辑单元,或者可以是虚拟单元,每个单元的功能分布在多个物理单元之中。图5还示出分别在基站39、40和41中的同步单元(SU)42、43和44。SU用于确保基站在时间和频率上同步,这是本文所述的宏分集操作的适当操作所必需的。
下面的段落描述了基于OFDM的信号的物理层设计的通用原理。
SSCH利用即使在存在显著符号间干扰(ISI)时也允许良好的时间和频率局部化的序列。SBCCH利用很适合估计信道响应以便执行解调的导频模式。在基于OFDM时,这两种逻辑信道优选利用大于通常足以用于单个小区操作的循环前缀。这是由于以下事实:MS必须从许多基站接收多个信号路径,并且这些可发生比在单个小区操作中通常会看到的更长的延迟。
大多数传统OFDM系统使用重复的OFDM符号来进行初始同步。接收机尝试使数据相隔固定时间相关,并且搜索此类相关的最大值。可以看到,相关是在正确同步点的信道能量的测量,并且使用具有更多信道抽头的宏分集改进了初始同步。这是除了用宏分集预期的SNR增益(和干扰减少)之外所附加的。类似地,SBCCH的接收还预期呈现比没用宏分集时的接收更好的性能。
用于发送小区特定控制信息和用户数据的信道无需不同于可在常规系统中使用的信道。具体地说,用OFDM,无需更长的循环前缀。因此,在移动台尝试在读取SBCCH后查找小区标识符时,它寻找具有较小循环前缀的信号,并因此需要精炼从SSCH和SBCCH获得的同步信息。
因此,本发明为蜂窝网络提供了新的范例,其中通过最充分地利用宏分集来处理诸如初始同步和系统信息广播等大多数常见功能。与移动台最初查找小区并随后同步到小区的现有系统大不相同,在本发明中,移动台最初同步到系统,然后查找适合的小区。本发明呈现了显著更佳的初始同步性能。另外,使用宏分集允许以更有效的方式传递系统信息。
如本领域的技术人员可认识到的,在各种各样的应用上可修改和改变本申请中描述的创新概念。因此,申请专利的主题范围将不限于上述任一个特定示范示教,而是由随附权利要求书定义。
Claims (6)
1.一种无线多蜂窝电信系统,具有在多个关联小区内发射信号的多个基站(39,40,41),所述系统包括:
用于在所述多个基站构建相同寻呼信号的部件(28);
用于控制所述多个基站同时发射所述相同寻呼信号的部件(27);
用于从所述多个基站(39,40,41)同步和同时广播为所有小区共用的系统特定控制信息(11)以实现对所述系统而不是所述系统中的一个小区的初始同步的部件(42,43,44);以及
用于从每个基站单独发射小区特定控制信息(13)以使得每个移动台随后经选择的小区连接到所述系统的部件。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中使用正交频分复用(OFDM)传输方案发射所述寻呼信号。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统,还包括:
移动台,用于对从所述多个基站接收的寻呼信号进行宏分集组合。
4.一种将寻呼消息发送到在无线多蜂窝电信系统中操作的移动台(101,102,103,104)的方法,所述系统具有在多个关联小区内发射信号的多个基站(39,40,41),所述方法包括:
在所述多个基站构建相同寻呼信号;
从所述多个基站同时发射所述相同寻呼信号;
从所述多个基站(39,40,41)同步和同时广播为所有小区共用的系统特定控制信息(11)以实现对所述系统而不是所述系统中的一个小区的初始同步;以及
从每个基站单独发射小区特定控制信息(13)以使得每个移动台随后经选择的小区连接到所述系统。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中同时发射的所述步骤包括使用正交频分复用(OFDM)传输方案发射所述寻呼信号。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法,还包括:
在所述移动台对从所述多个基站接收的寻呼信号进行宏分集组合。
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CN101361393A (zh) | 2009-02-04 |
US7672667B2 (en) | 2010-03-02 |
ZA200804549B (en) | 2009-10-28 |
TW200731820A (en) | 2007-08-16 |
US20070167180A1 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
US7751838B2 (en) | 2010-07-06 |
CN101361394A (zh) | 2009-02-04 |
US20070167181A1 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
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