CN101359055B - Method for processing high precision and multi-component earthshock data polarization characteristic chart - Google Patents
Method for processing high precision and multi-component earthshock data polarization characteristic chart Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-precision multi-component seismic data polarization property image processing method in seismic exploration, comprising the following steps: an amplitude value is standardized within the 0-1 scope according to a multi-component data amplitude value; the amplitude value is corresponding to red, green and blue colors to enable each component color value vector-synthesized; the converted and synthesized data is calculated based on the color depth of a displaying and mapping equipment; each component standardized amplitude value multiplies the maximum color value for redisplaying or remapping; through the correlation between the multi-component data and color, the polarization directions and natures of various wave fields are initially determined; the data sampling points in the geophysical target region use red, green and blue indicators to display the instantaneous polarization at the mid-point of a time window; the determined polarization direction is used for wave field separation to improve the imaging resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, as well as the accuracy and reliability of lithology prediction. The invention can display the instantaneous polarizations of the multi-component data sampling points under analysis, and the polarization maps of the time window thereof through an indicator trajectory map, so as to carry out quantitative analysis of the target area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to multi-component earthquake data disposal route in the seismic prospecting, specifically be that a kind of polarization characteristic to the multi-component seismic wave field illustrates, thereby improve the method for processing high precision and multi-component earthshock data polarization characteristic chart of wave detector rotation and anisotropic parameters analysis precision and efficient.
Background technology
Along with development of technology, many information can be mapped with graphics mode more intuitively by suitable method, demonstrate the information that comprises in the data and the spread feature of information, improve the precision and the efficient of each parameter analytical calculation.At present, in geological data was handled, the attribute data of geological data and derivation thereof need show in the mode of various figures, reflects tectonic structure and various section intuitively, as comprises waveform, wiggle variable area, gray scale, colour etc.Playback system for the individual data collection is fairly simple, the data true value can obtain result directly perceived by simple conversion, show for complex information that many component datas comprised much then complicated, must consider to reflect in the figure information have intuitive and independence.Multi-component earthquake data has write down seismic wave field in three-dimensional vibrations, be the projection of vector wave field on the sensor record direction, how the wave field information to three-dimensional polarization shows in appropriate mode, for determining of many components wave field character, the research of wave field separation method and the estimation of anisotropic parameters are significant.
Brown (1999) points out that monotone (is very suitable for showing seismic amplitude as black-ash-Bai) and duotone (as indigo plant-Bai-red).Knobloch (1982) early is mapped to the color space with a plurality of seismic properties by the HLS colour model, people such as I-Ching Lin with the relevant data map of various earthquakes to the HLS color space and carried out successful application, the demonstration that comprises three-component VSP (vertical seismic profiling (VSP)) data is (with x, y is mapped to colourity, on the colour wheel that saturation degree constitutes, z is mapped on the luminance axis direction), but at HLS (colourity-saturation degree-brightness) color space, when saturation degree near zero the time, the information of colourity becomes unreliable, when brightness is crossed when low or too high, it is not directly perceived that the information of color saturation and colourity all becomes, influence wave detector rotation and anisotropic parameters and determine, and the precision of the calculation of parameter of wave field separation and efficient.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of demonstration multi-component earthshock data polarization characteristic chart shape, the precision of the calculation of parameter of raising wave field separation and the method for processing high precision and multi-component earthshock data polarization characteristic chart of efficient.
Concrete steps of the present invention comprise:
1), lays many components wave detector and obtain multi-component earthquake data in the open air by hypocenter of the explosion or vibroseis earthquake-wave-exciting field;
Described many components wave detector is two components or three-component seismometer.
Described many components of laying wave detector is in ground, seabed or well.
2) all amplitudes are normalized in proportion in 0 to 1 the scope according to many component datas amplitude distribution range;
3) amplitude and the red, green, blue color of each component are set up corresponding relation, and data computation to display is obtained red, green, blue color respective value;
4) it is synthetic the color value of the corresponding sampling point of each component to be carried out vector, obtains that many components show or the red, green, blue color color value of mapping;
5) color depth that will change the data based demonstration mapping equipment after synthesizing calculates according to each component standardized amplitude on duty to show or mapping after the maximum color value again;
6) utilize the result who shows or map, the mutual relationship that contrasts many component datas and color is tentatively determined the polarization direction and the character of various wave fields, during with second kind of mapping mapping, redness represents the polarization direction at first component direction, green represents the polarization direction in the second component direction, blueness represents the polarization direction in the three-component direction, and other color represents the polarization direction between several components;
7) to the data sample of physical prospecting target area, select analysis window, window length is about a dominant period of seismic event, show with the pointer trajectory diagram, that is: red, green, the instantaneous polarization of window mid point when blue pointer shows, pointer position and length represent the projection of space polarization in three orthogonal planes (as XY respectively, YZ, the XZ plane), the polarization track of preceding half o'clock window of solid line representative, dotted line is represented the polarization track of the half o'clock window in back, the different colours representative is at XY, YZ, XZ different polarization plane, carry out wave field separation with the polarization direction of determining, improve the resolution and the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of imaging, and then improve the precision and the reliability of structure elucidation and lithology prediction;
8) for shear wave splitting or the superimposed target area of multiple wave field take place, adopt the synthetic mode of two components rotation to form the road of equal angles all angles at interval, on same position, carry out superimposed waveform then and show, if single wave field, the thin portion of superimposed waveform is superfine, i.e. the synchronization zero-cross point; If complex wavefield, the thin portion of then superimposed waveform is thinless, and the phase difference of various wave fields causes zero crossing asynchronous;
X, Y two components are analyzed in a manner described, determined the shear wave splitting zone more intuitively.
The described computing method of step 3) have five kinds of a-e according to the mapping mode that adopts;
A.abs (x, y, z)-(b): the standardization sample value of many component datas is taken absolute value, and linear mapping is to red, green, blue color codomain again for r, g.
B. (α, beta, gamma)-(r, g, b): at first ask for vector (x, y, z) with YZ, ZX, angle α, the β on XY plane, γ, after the standardization again linear mapping to the red, green, blue codomain;
C. (x, y, z)-(b): the standardization sample value linear mapping of many component datas is arrived the red, green, blue codomain, and mapping back initial point is positioned at RGB look cubical center for r, g;
D. (x, y, z)-(rc, gm, by): arrive first component standardization sample value linear mapping of many component datas red, green, on blue cubical redness-cyan (red complementary color) diagonal line, second component is mapped on green-purple (green complementary color) diagonal line, three-component is mapped on blueness-yellow (blue complementary color) diagonal line, the null value of sampling point is corresponding to red, green, blue cubical center, the most at last three-component on three diagonal line, shine upon red, green, blue value is carried out synthetic formation of color vector and is shown the red of usefulness, green, blue value;
The cyan of described d. is red complementary color, and purple is green complementary color, and yellow is blue complementary color.
E. (x, y, z)-(h, s, l)-(b): at first the standardization sample value with two components in many component datas is mapped on the colour wheel of colourity, color saturation formation with rectangular coordinate to polar conversion regime for r, g, again with the value linear mapping of the 3rd component to luminance axis, zero point is corresponding to the grey mid point of colourity, color saturation and brightness space;
Described e. colourity, color saturation and brightness space can utilize universal method to finish to the conversion in red, green, blue space.
The present invention adopts multiple display mode that many component datas are shown and polarization analysis, has following characteristics:
Can select the different mappings mode that many component datas are shown simultaneously with colour, and carry out the analysis and the polarization characteristic research of wave field character on this basis.
The polarization figure of window carries out the target area quantitative test when showing the instantaneous polarization direction of many component datas sampling point to be analyzed and place in the mode of pointer trajectory diagram.
Whether with the superimposed figure of waveform two component datas that show directly perceived, it is single whether to analyze wave field near zero line according to the thin portion of the superimposed figure of waveform, analyzes the position of shear wave splitting phenomenon, for the speed wavelength-division from time window select to provide foundation.
Description of drawings
First kind of mapping relations abs of Fig. 1 (x, y, z)-(r, g, b) synoptic diagram;
Second kind of mapping relations of Fig. 2 (α, beta, gamma)-(r, g, b) synoptic diagram;
The third mapping relations of Fig. 3 (x, y, z)-(r, g, b) synoptic diagram;
The 4th kind of mapping relations of Fig. 4 (x, y, z)-(rc, gm, by) synoptic diagram;
The 5th kind of mapping relations of Fig. 5 (x, y, z)-(h, s, l) synoptic diagram;
The instantaneous polarization direction of Fig. 6 three-component pointer track synoptic diagram;
The superimposed display analysis synoptic diagram of Fig. 7 VSP two horizontal component data waveforms (on: linear polarization; Down: elliptic polarization);
The colored displayed map of first kind of mapping relations RGB of Fig. 8 three-component VSP data;
The colored displayed map of second kind of mapping relations RGB of Fig. 9 three-component VSP data;
The colored displayed map of the third mapping relations of Figure 10 three-component VSP data RGB;
The colored displayed map of the 4th kind of mapping relations RGB of Figure 11 three-component VSP data;
The colored displayed map of the 5th kind of mapping relations RGB of Figure 12 three-component VSP data;
X, the superimposed displayed map of Y component waveform near Figure 13 three-component VSP data zone of interest;
The colored displayed map of first kind of mapping relations RGB of the single big gun data in Figure 14 three-component ground;
The colored displayed map of second kind of mapping relations RGB of the single big gun data in Figure 15 three-component ground;
The colored displayed map of Figure 16 three-component ground the third mapping relations of single big gun data RGB;
The colored displayed map of the 4th kind of mapping relations RGB of the single big gun data in Figure 17 three-component ground;
The colored displayed map of the 5th kind of mapping relations RGB of the single big gun data in Figure 18 three-component ground.
Embodiment
Concrete steps of the present invention comprise:
1), in ground, seabed or well, lays many components wave detector and obtain multi-component earthquake data in the open air by hypocenter of the explosion or vibroseis earthquake-wave-exciting field;
Described many components wave detector is two components or three-component seismometer.
2) all amplitudes are normalized in proportion in the scope of 0-1 according to many component datas amplitude distribution range;
3) amplitude of each component is set up corresponding relation at the red, green, blue color, and data computation to display is obtained red, green, blue color respective value;
Described computing method have five kinds of a-e according to the mapping mode that adopts;
A.abs (x, y, z)-(r, g, b); The standardization sample value of many component datas is taken absolute value, and linear mapping is to red, green, blue color codomain (as Fig. 1) again.This mode can make big value be mapped as chromatic colour, little value is mapped as dark-coloured background, be convenient to discern the polarization principal direction of many component datas, shortcoming is to cause eight quadrants of original X, Y, Z axle formation to be mapped to a quadrant of rgb space owing to take absolute value, and lacks positive-negative polarity information.
B. be (α, beta, gamma)-(r, g, b): at first ask for vector (x, y, z) with YZ, ZX, angle α, the β on XY plane, γ, after the standardization again linear mapping to R, G, B codomain (Fig. 2).This mode directly utilizes polarization angle to shine upon, and is easy to discern the polarization principal direction of many component datas, is convenient to differentiate the wave field type, and shortcoming is to lack positive-negative polarity information.
C. be (x, y, z)-(b): the standardization sample value linear mapping that is about to many component datas is to R, G, B codomain, and mapping back initial point is positioned at RGB look cubical center (as Fig. 3) for r, g.This mode can keep the positive-negative polarity information of wave field, but since the orientation of coordinate axis, big value the most saturated not corresponding color, variant with the physiological sensation of eyes.
D. be (x, y, z)-(rc, gm, by): first component standardization sample value linear mapping of many component datas is arrived on R, G, B look cubical red R ed-cyan Cyan (red complementary color) diagonal line, second component is mapped on green Green-purple Magenta (green complementary color) diagonal line, and three-component is mapped on the yellow Yellow of blue Blue-(blue complementary color) diagonal line (as Fig. 4), and the null value of sampling point is corresponding to R, G, B look cubical center.The three-component rgb value of shining upon on three diagonal line is carried out synthetic r, g, the b value that shows usefulness that form of color vector the most at last.This mode has made full use of three primary colors and complementary colors is carried out the demonstration of positive and negative value, can be than the polarization direction and the polarity that are easier to discern wave field, shortcoming is three mapping axles and non-orthogonal, thus vector synthetic also be schematically, quantitative response x, y, the original relation of z value fully.In addition, this mode can also be carried out the demonstration of four component datas, is about to the 4th component and is mapped on R, G, the B look cubical black-white diagonal line, promptly on the gray scale axle.
E. be (x, y, z)-(h, s, l)-(b): at first the standardization sample value with two components in many component datas is mapped on the colour wheel of H (colourity), S (color saturation) formation with rectangular coordinate to polar conversion regime for r, g, value linear mapping with the 3rd component arrives on L (brightness) axle again, and zero point is corresponding to the mid point (grey) (as Fig. 5) in HSL space.The HSL space can utilize universal program to finish to the conversion of rgb space.When this mode showed, the polarization direction of preceding two components and colourity had clear and definite corresponding relation, but when color saturation less (being that amplitude is less), colourity changes insensitive, and promptly the polarization direction is difficult for analyzing.The 3rd component is along luminance axis (L), and when absolute value of amplitude was big, colourity and color saturation changed all insensitive, and polarization information is unreliable.
More than five kinds of mapping relations its relative merits are respectively arranged, when diagram, can select to use according to actual conditions, also can be by the polarization characteristic and the character of the more deep analysis wave field of the switching between different modes, order that what deserves to be explained is X, Y, Z in the above various mapping relations can be adjusted according to custom, both can be corresponding red such as X, also can be corresponding green or blue.The mapping relations of front are all with three-component explanation in addition, if display analysis two components only, then all mapping gets final product as null value with the 3rd component.
4) it is synthetic the color value of the corresponding sampling point of each component to be carried out vector, obtains many components and shows or the needed RGB color value of mapping;
5) show again or mapping that promptly each component normalized amplitude is on duty with maximum color value after the color depth that will change the data based demonstration mapping equipment after synthetic calculates.
6) utilize the result who shows or map, the mutual relationship that contrasts many component datas and color is tentatively determined the polarization direction and the character of various wave fields, during with second kind of mapping mapping, red first component direction of representing, the green second component direction of representing, the blue three-component direction of representing, other color representative is between several components;
7) to the data sample of physical prospecting target area, select analysis window, window length is about a dominant period of seismic event, show with the pointer trajectory diagram, that is: the instantaneous polarization of window mid point when the red, green, blue pointer shows, pointer position and length are represented the projection (as XY, YZ, XZ plane) of space polarization in three orthogonal planes respectively, the polarization track of preceding half o'clock window of solid line representative, dotted line is represented the polarization track of the half o'clock window in back, and different colours is represented on the different polarization plane.Can quantitatively determine the polarization direction under this mode, utilize the polarization direction of determining to carry out wave field separation, improve the resolution and the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of imaging, and then improve the precision and the reliability of structure elucidation and lithology prediction;
8) for shear wave splitting or the superimposed target area of multiple wave field take place, adopt the synthetic mode of two components rotation to form the road of equal angles all angles at interval, on same position, carry out superimposed waveform then and show (see figure 7).If single wave field, then the thin portion of superimposed oscillogram is superfine, i.e. the synchronization zero-cross point; If complex wavefield, the thin portion of then superimposed waveform is thinless, and promptly the phase difference of various wave fields causes zero crossing asynchronous.During to X, Y two component analysiss, therefore this situation general proxy shear wave splitting can determine the shear wave splitting zone more intuitively, increases the reliability that fracture-type reservoir is analyzed.
The method for expressing of polarization characteristic, promptly receive the seismic wave field that blast excites or vibroseis excites by many components wave detector, again the parameter relevant with polarization of many component datas set up relation with red, green, blue (RGB) color space by calculating, and by other aided drawing mode, polarization characteristic to the multi-component seismic wave field illustrates, thereby improves the method for wave detector rotation and anisotropic parameters analysis precision and efficient.This method determines that for many components wave field character the research of wave field separation method and the estimation of anisotropic parameters are significant.
Inventive embodiments 1:
1) explosive charge excites, and three-component seismometer receives in the well, obtains the VSP three-component seismic data, and total road number is 303 roads.
2) data are carried out standardization, the maximal value of getting absolute value in the three-component data multiply by 95% as standardized value 1, and absolute value forces to be changed to 1 (if the negative value is-1) greater than this value.All values is all in-1 to 1 scope after the standardization.
3) be mapped to rgb space with the value of different mappings mode after, change the back according to the color depth of display device and correlation parameter then and show (Fig. 8-Figure 12) standardization.
4) with near two components of the level zone of interest to rotate the road that synthetic mode forms 15 degree all angles at interval, on same position, carry out superimposed waveform then and show (Figure 13), part elliptic polarization road as can be seen.
5) according to the different mappings mode display result is analyzed, primary wave mainly along the vibrations of Z direction, should be compressional wave as can be seen, and the first arrival below has along the wave field of X, the vibrations of Y direction, should be shear wave.
As can be seen, under this display mode, the character of wave field and polarization direction are easy to analyze.Wherein first and second kind mapping mode has reflected the polarization direction of wave field the most intuitively, and the 5th kind of mode has been mapped on the luminance axis of HSL color space owing to the strongest Z direction of amplitude, and it is unreliable that high brightness causes the short arc value of X, Y direction to be analyzed.
Inventive embodiments 2:
1) explosive charge excites, and the ground three-component seismometer receives, and obtains ground 3-component earthquake list big gun data, and using the road number is 401 roads.
2) data are carried out standardization, the maximal value of getting absolute value in the three-component data multiply by 90% as standardized value 1, and absolute value is forced to 1 (if the negative value is-1) greater than this value.All values is all in-1 to 1 scope after the standardization.
3) be mapped to rgb space with the value of different mappings mode after, change the back according to the color depth of display device and correlation parameter then and show (Figure 14-Figure 18) standardization.
4) according to the different mappings mode display result is analyzed, primary wave mainly shakes along the Z direction as can be seen, should be compressional wave, the first arrival below mainly is the P-SV wave field along the directions X vibrations, the polarization of ground roll then is divided into along happy husband's ground roll of Y direction vibrations with along the rayleigh surface wave of X, Z elliptic polarization, in ground roll the district in addition along the plane polarized shear wave of X, Y.
As can be seen, under this display mode, the character of wave field and polarization direction are easy to analyze.Wherein first and second kind mapping mode has reflected the polarization direction of wave field the most intuitively, and the 5th kind of mode has been mapped on the luminance axis of HSL color space owing to the strongest Z direction of amplitude, and it is unreliable that high brightness causes the short arc value of X, Y direction to be analyzed.
Claims (6)
1. multi-component earthshock data polarization characteristic chart disposal route, it is characterized in that: concrete steps comprise:
1), lays many components wave detector and obtain multi-component earthquake data in the open air by hypocenter of the explosion or vibroseis earthquake-wave-exciting field;
2) all amplitudes are normalized in proportion in 0 to 1 the scope according to many component datas amplitude distribution range;
3) amplitude and the red, green, blue color of each component are set up corresponding relation, and data computation to display is obtained red, green, blue color respective value;
4) it is synthetic the color value of the corresponding sampling point of each component to be carried out vector, obtains that many components show or the red, green, blue color color value of mapping;
5) color depth that will change the data based demonstration mapping equipment after synthesizing calculates according to each component standardized amplitude on duty to show or mapping after the maximum color value again;
6) utilize the result who shows or map, the mutual relationship that contrasts many component datas and color is tentatively determined the polarization direction and the character of various wave fields, during with second kind of mapping mapping, redness represents the polarization direction at first component direction, green represents the polarization direction in the second component direction, blueness represents the polarization direction in the three-component direction, and other color represents the polarization direction between several components;
7) to the data sample of physical prospecting target area, select analysis window, window length is about a dominant period of seismic event, the instantaneous polarization of window mid point when the red, green, blue pointer shows, pointer position and length are represented the projection of space polarization in three quadrature XY, YZ, XZ plane respectively, the polarization track of preceding half o'clock window of solid line representative, dotted line is represented the polarization track of the half o'clock window in back, and different colours is represented on XY, YZ, XZ different polarization plane.Carry out wave field separation with the polarization direction of determining, improve the resolution of imaging and the precision and the reliability of signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and lithology prediction;
8) for shear wave splitting or the superimposed target area of multiple wave field take place, adopt the synthetic mode of two components rotation to form the road of equal angles all angles at interval, on same position, carry out superimposed waveform then and show, if single wave field, the thin portion of superimposed waveform is superfine, i.e. the synchronization zero-cross point; If complex wavefield, the thin portion of then superimposed waveform is thinless, and the phase difference of various wave fields causes zero crossing asynchronous;
To X, Y two component analysiss, determine the shear wave splitting zone.
2. a kind of multi-component earthshock data polarization characteristic chart disposal route according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described many components wave detector is two components or three-component seismometer.
3. a kind of multi-component earthshock data polarization characteristic chart disposal route according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described many components of laying wave detector is in ground, seabed or well.
4. a kind of multi-component earthshock data polarization characteristic chart disposal route according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described step 3) computing method have five kinds of a-e according to the mapping mode that adopts;
A. the standardization sample value with many component datas takes absolute value, and linear mapping is to red, green, blue color codomain again.
B. at first ask for vector x, y, z and YZ, ZX, angle α, the β on XY plane, γ, after the standardization again linear mapping to the red, green, blue codomain;
C. the standardization sample value linear mapping with many component datas arrives the red, green, blue codomain, and mapping back initial point is positioned at RGB look cubical center;
D.: with first component standardization sample value linear mapping of many component datas to red, green, blue look cubical redness-cyan diagonal line, second component is mapped on green-purple diagonal line, three-component is mapped on blueness-yellow diagonal line, the null value of sampling point is corresponding to red, green, blue look cubical center, and the three-component red, green, blue value of shining upon on three diagonal line is carried out the synthetic red, green, blue value that shows usefulness that forms of color vector the most at last;
E. at first the standardization sample value of two components in many component datas is mapped on the colour wheel that colourity, color saturation constitutes to polar conversion regime with rectangular coordinate, again with the value linear mapping of the 3rd component to luminance axis, zero point is corresponding to the grey mid point of colourity, color saturation and brightness space;
5. according to claim 1 or 4 described a kind of multi-component earthshock data polarization characteristic chart disposal routes, it is characterized in that: the cyan of described d kind mapping mode is red complementary color, and purple is green complementary color, and yellow is blue complementary color.
6. according to claim 1 or 4 described a kind of multi-component earthshock data polarization characteristic chart disposal routes, it is characterized in that: colourity, color saturation and the brightness space of described e kind mapping mode can utilize universal method to finish to the conversion in red, green, blue space.
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| SU1157495A1 (en) * | 1983-12-07 | 1985-05-23 | Isaenko Mikhail N | Device for recording multicomponent polar componets |
| US4888743A (en) * | 1986-10-30 | 1989-12-19 | Amoco Corporation | Method of seismic surveying for resolving the effects of formation anisotropy in shear wave reflection seismic data |
| GB2379505A (en) * | 2001-09-08 | 2003-03-12 | Westerngeco Ltd | Method and apparatus for determining receiver orientation and/or vector infedelity in multi-component seismic data |
| WO2007006154A1 (en) * | 2005-07-07 | 2007-01-18 | Siyuan He | Optimized bi-directional electrostatic actuators |
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| SU1157495A1 (en) * | 1983-12-07 | 1985-05-23 | Isaenko Mikhail N | Device for recording multicomponent polar componets |
| US4888743A (en) * | 1986-10-30 | 1989-12-19 | Amoco Corporation | Method of seismic surveying for resolving the effects of formation anisotropy in shear wave reflection seismic data |
| GB2379505A (en) * | 2001-09-08 | 2003-03-12 | Westerngeco Ltd | Method and apparatus for determining receiver orientation and/or vector infedelity in multi-component seismic data |
| WO2007006154A1 (en) * | 2005-07-07 | 2007-01-18 | Siyuan He | Optimized bi-directional electrostatic actuators |
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