CN101357744A - Semi gravity moment efficient energy-saving safe self-locking crane - Google Patents

Semi gravity moment efficient energy-saving safe self-locking crane Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101357744A
CN101357744A CNA2008101340043A CN200810134004A CN101357744A CN 101357744 A CN101357744 A CN 101357744A CN A2008101340043 A CNA2008101340043 A CN A2008101340043A CN 200810134004 A CN200810134004 A CN 200810134004A CN 101357744 A CN101357744 A CN 101357744A
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self
locking
cover
planetary
gear
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李培基
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Abstract

The invention relates to a safe high-efficient energy-saving half-gravitational torque crane, which comprises a hoisting cable cylinder, a high efficient self-locking deceleration mechanism and a motor; wherein, the high efficient self-locking deceleration mechanism is assembled by an traditional satellite gear system, and has the advantages of high mechanical efficiency, mature craft, stable operation, reliable self-locking, and big hosting power; no brake is needed to be installed on the hoisting cable cylinder; heavy objects are reliably self-locked by the deceleration machine after being lifted, without a self-falling down; when the heavy objects are about to be put down, the motor can not be rotated by the heavy object; the running only requires little energy to overcome the fraction and exhaustion brought by the gravitational torque; compared with a common crane, energy can be saved by over 30 percent on average.

Description

Semi gravity moment efficient energy-saving safe self-locking crane
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of hoisting crane, particularly a kind of energy-efficient hoisting crane.
Technical background:
Hoisting crane is widely used in factory, mine, harbour, mine and building ground etc.It plays a significantly greater role to production and economic activity, but also is a very big energy resource consumption, if can improve its technical pattern, can obtain very large energy-saving effect.
Hoisting crane at present commonly used generally is made up of four parts, and 1, electrical motor; 2, reductor; 3, steel wire rope roll; 4, stop mechanism.Wherein the structure of reductor and efficient are the keys of decision hoisting crane expenditure of energy, and stop mechanism guarantees weight lifting safety, but it also will consume certain energy.
The expenditure of energy of hoisting crane is: when weight lifts by crane, electrical motor must overcome gravitational moment and the mechanical friction resisting moment that weight produces, and gravity is when transferring, weight " draws " electrical motor, stop weight to fall so motor still will do work, but the friction moment that this moment, each portion mechanism of hoisting crane produced can reduce the expenditure of energy of electrical motor.
As to set gravitational moment be 1, and then friction resistance moment is 0.1-0.2, and the two adds up to 1.1-1.2.Then the two was kept to 0.8-0.9 mutually when weight descended, and therefore, once lifted by crane process, and the acting of electrical motor mainly is to consume the weight lifting and the energy that gravitational moment consumed when transferring, but the stop mechanism of hoisting crane also will consume certain energy.
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of semi gravity moment is efficient, energy-conservation, the novel hoisting crane of safe self-locking.The energy-saving effect of this kind hoisting crane is that its reductor has force balance auto-lock function completely, hoisting crane is when slinging weight, the action of gravity of weight is decelerated machine from pinning (being equivalent to the effect that self-locking worm gear is paid), but it has very high mechanical efficiency (more than 80%) consumed energy when it lifts by crane the same with general hoisting crane again, but the gravitational moment that weight produced when transferring weight is lockable, electrical motor only need consume the merit of the friction moment that is produced by gravitational moment, can with weight on demand speed steadily put down.So this hoisting crane is named as the semi gravity moment efficient energy-saving safe hoisting crane, it and present general-duty hoisting crane compare, and energy-saving effect is between 30-40%.And do not need to make actuation mechanism in addition, reduced manufacturing cost, can guarantee safe in operation.
Summary of the invention:
The hoisting crane of later-model semi gravity moment, energy-efficient, safe self-locking.Form by following four parts:
1, steel wire rope roll and support.
2, the efficient reductor that has auto-lock function.
3, electrical motor.
4, be used for overcoming after electrical motor cuts off the power supply the stop mechanism of rotor inertia.
Key equipment of the present invention is energy-efficient, has the reductor of auto-lock function.Reductor adopts a cover involute planet gear to be connected with output shaft, and with two the cover capacity eccentric bearings (claiming circular arc multiple tooth poor mechanism again), differing 180 ° of symmetries installs, two cover mechanisms prop up Xiao's axle with 6-10 and are connected with the self-locking eccentric bushing, make it to connect as a whole, the center eccentric bushing of two cover capacity eccentric bearings is the special type eccentric bushings of a kind of neoteric pair of circular arc, and symmetry is installed on the same input shaft.The steel wire rope roll is imported into the output shaft of gravitational moment by reductor on the pinion carrier of planetary mechanism by the effect of weight, central sun gear by planetary mechanism is connected with two cover capacity eccentric bearings then, the external force of gravitational moment is resolved into be parallel to central longitudinal axis two sides, make their center eccentric bushings moment that do not rotate to two cover capacity eccentric bearings, thereby obtain the reliable self-locking of mechanism, the input shaft of reductor is connected with electrical motor, and self-starting motor just can make the reductor running easily.The lifting of weight and whereabouts are controlled by reversing rotation of motors.As make motor configurations power supply frequency converter, the speed that just can change lifting and transfer.
Description of drawings: accompanying drawing 1 is a structural representation of the present invention, steel wire rope roll 1 is connected by the output shaft of drive coupling 2 and self-locking speed-down machine 3, electrical motor 5 is connected with the input shaft of self-locking speed-down machine 3, miniwatt drg 4 is installed on the output shaft of electrical motor, its effect is after the electrical motor outage rotor to be stopped immediately, to improve the correctness and the safety of sling height.
Accompanying drawing 2 is warp-wise cutaway views of self-locking speed-down machine.3, the 4,5,6, the 7th, the axial cutaway view of reductor.The symbolic significance of accompanying drawing 2,3,4,5,6,7 is as follows:
1, the output shaft of self-locking speed-down machine.
2, the support of self-locking speed-down machine.
3, the pinion carrier of involute planet gear system.
4, planetary little axle.
5, planetary wheel.
6, the gear ring of planetary gear train.
7, the terminal pad of sun gear is installed.
8, be installed in Xiao's axle on the terminal pad.
9, the planet wheel disc of many (lacking) tooth difference gear system.
10, the special type confidence of the two circular arcs cover at many (lacking) tooth difference gear center.
11, be installed in self-locking eccentric bushing on the planet wheel disc.
12, the gear ring of many (lacking) difference planet gear system.
13, the roller of many (lacking) difference planet gear system.
14, be installed in Xiao's axle on the planet wheel disc.
15, the input shaft of reductor.
The centre of gration of O, reductor.
Going up of O ', capacity eccentric bearing is eccentric.
O ", the following off-centre of capacity eccentric bearing.
O " ', the off-centre of the special type eccentric bushing of two circular arc.
The last offset of a ', capacity eccentric bearing.
A ", the following offset of capacity eccentric bearing.
A " ', the eccentric increment of the special type eccentric bushing of two circular arc.
P ', outer gravitational moment act on the M.E of reductor self-locking mechanism eccentric planet wheel disc.
P ", M.E acts on the component of the generation on the self-locking mechanism.
Accompanying drawing 2 is warp-wise cutaway views of reductor.
As shown in Figure 2: the output shaft 1 of reductor is equipped with the pinion carrier 3 of planetary gear train, the sun sun gear and the terminal pad 7 of planetary wheel 5 fuse, and be contained in bearing carrier ring on the input shaft 15 of reductor, 8 some on Xiao's axle (deciding on watt level) is installed on the terminal pad, the other end of Xiao's axle inserts in the respective aperture of many (lacking) differential teeth planetary toothed disc 9, because terminal pad is uninfluenced, and the planetary wheel dish is an accentric, should this Xiao's axle be a point with contacting of hole, the mechanism that acts on of its power all is downward when rotating on any angle, the vertical axis of incorporating mill structure parallel (eccentric direction is the top).Another set of many (lacking) tooth difference mechanism is 180 ° of symmetries and installs.Its other end inserts some Xiao's axles 14 is installed, and its end in addition inserts and is installed in the self-locking eccentric bushing in the corresponding hole on the symmetrical planetary plate of installing, and is sleeved on needle bearing in the respective aperture of planetary wheel dish.Because being 180 ° of symmetries, two cover many (lacking) tooth difference mechanisms install, so the axis of Xiao's axle and self-locking eccentric disk is also forever parallel with the vertical axis of mechanism.The application force that they produced also forever and mechanism indulge that the axis is parallel (sees accompanying drawing 5, p ' and p ").
Accompanying drawing the 3,4,5,6,7,8, the 9th, the axial cutaway view of mechanism.
Fig. 3 is the planetary wheel figure that connects speed reducer output shaft.
Fig. 4 is the terminal pad that has sun sun gear.
Fig. 5 is cover many (a lacking) differential teeth planetary gear graph.
Fig. 6 is many (lacking) differential teeth planetary gear graph that another set of symmetry is installed.
Fig. 7 adopts few ashamed planetary wheel figure that bursts at the seams of tooth difference.
Fig. 8 adopts few tooth-difference cycloid pinwheel gear graph.
Fig. 9 is the amplification view of the special type eccentric bushing of two circular arcs.
Above-mentioned three kinds of differential planet gears only need be chosen any one kind of them on each machine, but must be with a kind of model.Can both reach self-locking speed-down.The reductor overall gear ratio be multiply by the product decision of the speed ratio of involute planet gear system by the speed ratio of differential planet gear.
Specific implementation method:
The output shaft of the reductor of key equipment of the present invention-have auto-lock function and the center shaft of steel wire rope roll are connected with adaptor union, and be installed on the pedestal with two supports that bearing is housed, the input shaft of reductor is connected with the output shaft of threephase asynchronous machine, a low power magnet stopper is installed on the output shaft of motor is rotated, the skyborne correct height of weight during with the assurance lifting in order to the inertia that overcomes motor outage rear motor.
After actuating motor is sling weight, weight of heavy will produce a gravitational moment to the steel wire rope roll, its size equals the radius (kilogram/rice) that weight of heavy multiply by rope roll, gravitational moment passes on the output shaft 1 of deceleration by drive coupling, pass to the sun gear 7 at center again by the planetary wheel that is installed in the planetary gear train on the output shaft, at this moment gravitational moment diminishes, faster rotational speed.Pass on many (lacking) differential teeth planetary toothed disc 9 of other end insertion by several Xiao's axles 8 that are installed on the dish with the stressed back of terminal pad that central sun gear connects together, as previously mentioned, contacting of Xiao's axle and hole is a point, the action direction of its power is all downward in any position of mechanism's rotation, the vertical axis of incorporating mill structure is parallel, because several off-centre also are installed on the planetary wheel dish from lock tube, insert Xiao's axle 14 on another symmetrical planetary wheel dish of installing in the hole of cover again, so the special type eccentric bushings of two circular arcs that the power p ' that 8 biographies of Xiao's axle are come on the terminal pad is on the axis bear with 14 on Xiao's axle that inserts self-locking eccentric bushing 11, the distribution of the power of Xiao's axle 8, the special type eccentric bushing of two circular arcs that is in the center bears about 2/5ths power, and special type eccentric bushing is subjected to vertical power, can not produce any torque and can not rotate eccentric bushing.3/5ths are born by self-locking eccentric bushing 11 and Xiao's axle 14, and are that a vertical power (is seen accompanying drawing 5, p ', p ").And Xiao's axle 14 is mounted in the planetary wheel dish of many (lacking) tooth difference mechanism of another set of symmetry installation.It is subjected to the power p of Xiao's axle 14 " after, pass on the roller gear ring of the special type eccentric bushings 10 of two circular arcs at center and planetary wheel dish.The stressed place of the special type eccentric bushings of two circular arcs be one with the concentric unit of rotating shaft on, can not produce any torque.And the circular arc of roller 13 and gear ring 12 can produce the power to the upper right side (seeing accompanying drawing 6) after being subjected to, but the direction of the power of different mechanisms different (seeing accompanying drawing 7,8), this direction upper right side tip has bevelled power can decomposite the component of a horizontal direction.The component of this horizontal direction can promote center eccentric bushing rotation in general few tooth difference mechanism, do not have auto-lock function so generally lack tooth difference mechanism, the center eccentric bushing of two groups of differential planet gear mechanisms of the present invention is by the special type eccentric bushing of the two circular arcs that adopt my invention, eccentric bushing and bearing inner ring have only two contact points up and down, the component of horizontal direction can not produce the torque of rotation to it, moreover, the component of this horizontal direction is the self-locking eccentric bushing generation effect that is enclosed within Xiao's axle outside by 14 pairs on Xiao's axle, and the offset of eccentric bushing is the offset sum a '+a of two cover eccentric stiffeners "; so Xiao's axle 14 will make the self-locking eccentric bushing rotate; must make the planet wheel disc 9 that the self-locking eccentric bushing is installed produce corresponding motion; but two special type eccentric bushings of two circular arcs do not rotate; two cover modified roll mechanisms have just formed the integral body that can not produce any motion, acts on this horizontal component of force on the whole and finally comes balance by roller on the another set of eccentric planet wheel of symmetry and the outer ring counter-force that is produced that contacts.As mentioned above, the gravitational moment that outer gravity is produced the reductor sleeve mechanism has obtained the self-locking of failure-free force balance, rotate the input shaft 15 of reductor, two special type eccentric bushings of two circular arcs that are installed on the same input shaft are rotated simultaneously, sleeve mechanism just can release, rotation, and drive the steel wire rope roll weight of slinging, in the time the weight of slinging will being put down, the reductor of the general hoisting crane that uses does not have auto-lock function (paying the reductor except that adopting self-locking worm gear) at present, so supporting with it electrical motor is hauled rotation by weight, it still will consume same big energy when slinging weight, the friction resistance moment of different is hoisting crane each several part has reduced electrical motor and energy consumption on the contrary, so it is it only needs the energy consumption of the gravitational moment of expendable weight deposits yields to hoisting crane in once working the process of slinging and transferring, irrelevant with the friction loss of hoisting crane.And after adopting the efficient reductor of self-locking, as long as the weight that puts down is the power of consumption 20%.
Self-locking speed-down machine of the present invention adopts a cover planet tooth difference system and two cover differential planet gear systems, they all have very high mechanical efficiency (single cover mechanism efficiency is all about 98%), as accompanying drawing 5,6, so composite eccentric bearing that the present invention is made up of many antifriction-bearing boxs like a cover, and outer gravity all is decomposed in sleeve mechanism and various piece to its application force, application force is not concentrated, shaft strength is little, so have very high mechanical efficiency and service life and safety, its energy-saving effect be when after weight is sling, putting down weight gravitational moment by the reliable self-locking of mechanism, electrical motor is not subjected to the effect of gravitational moment, only need overcome gravitational moment, just can transfer weight the frictional resistance square that mechanism produced, its energy-saving effect is by each lifting and put down on average and can save energy more than 30%.So semi gravity moment efficient energy-saving safe self-locking crane by name.
Another characteristics of the present invention are to adopt three cover planetary mechanisms, and three cover planetary mechanisms connect with six Xiao's axles respectively.Have three Xiao's axles stressed in the running simultaneously, so the diameter of Xiao's axle and material will be the keys of mechanism's safe operation.
Self-locking speed-down of the present invention mechanism also is in the constant-power stepless speed change technology of my invention Required core key mechanism compares with the patent of invention of applying in the past, and is of the present invention from lock machine Structure has reached optimal degree, so patent application of the present invention also is the permanent power in the past Infinitely variable speeds vehicle speed change system and constant-power stepless speed change trinomial cross streams asynchronous motor Replenishing of two applications for a patent for invention. Its major advantage is compact conformation, operates steadily, from Lock is reliable, mechanical efficiency is high, load power is big etc.

Claims (4)

1, the key equipment of semi gravity moment efficient energy-saving safe self-locking crane is efficient self-locking speed-down machine, it adopts the cover involute planetary mechanism differential planetary mechanism identical with two covers (comprising that few tooth difference involute planetary machine, few tooth-difference cycloid pin wheel gear and multiple tooth poor circular-arc gear machinery combine), connect with six Xiao's axles, six self-locking eccentric bushings respectively, the center eccentric bushing of the differential planet gear of two cover same types adopts the special type eccentric bushing of neoteric pair of circular arc.
With the other end of crane rope tube center shaft bonded assembly self-locking speed-down machine output shaft 1 a cover involute planet gear mechanism is installed, the pinion carrier 3 of gear mechanism is connected with output shaft 1, gear ring 6 is fixing, central sun gear is connected with a terminal pad 7, and is sleeved on needle bearing on the input shaft 15 of reductor.Be fixed with six Xiao's axles 8 on the terminal pad, in the respective aperture of the planetary wheel dish 9 of its other end insertion first cover differential planet gear.Planetary wheel dish 9 also has six halving holes, and needle bearing is installed in the hole, in six the self-locking eccentric bushings 11 of packing into, what central authorities of this cover differential planet gear dish 9 installed is the special type eccentric bushings 10 of two circular arcs.The model of the second cover differential planet gear mechanism must be the same with the speed ratio and the first cover differential planet gear, but the 180 ° of symmetries of must being separated by are installed, planetary wheel dish 9 also is fixed with six Xiao's axles 14, in the respective aperture of the self-locking eccentric bushing 11 on the planetary wheel dish of its other end insertion first cover differential planetary mechanism.Make that two cover models are identical, speed ratio is identical, but mutually the differential planet gear dish installed of symmetry connects into an integral body, the special type eccentric disks 10 of two circular arcs are also installed by the central authorities of the second cover planetary wheel dish.On the input shaft 15 of self-locking speed-down machine, the output shaft of input shaft and electrical motor is connected the eccentric planet toothed disc of two cover differential planetary mechanisms with bearing installation, and the drg that prevents the idle running of rotor inertia also is installed on the axle, and is accurate to guarantee sling height.
2, equaling two cover differential planet gears according to the offset of the said self-locking eccentric bushing 11 of claim 1 is the offset sum, and the planetary offset of two covers can be inequality, but identical offset can make mechanism's operation more steady.Also needn't as in the former patent application,, must do off-centre very for a short time,, strengthen offset, can improve mechanical efficiency to increase the reliability of self-locking in order to guarantee the reliability of self-locking.
3, according to the special type eccentric bushing of the said pair of circular arc of claim 1, be a purpose made eccentric bushing, its lower part is the isocentric circular arc of and installation axle hole, but it must be tangent with the bearing inner ring circle of setting-up eccentricity cover, the offset a of its first half circular arc ///Must be than the offset a of differential planetary mechanism /Or a //Increase an offset a ///(seeing accompanying drawing 5), and upward the summit of circular arc also must be tangent with unit in the eccentric bushing bearing.Make special type eccentric bushings of two circular arcs and bearing inner ring have only up and down contact at 2, two sides of eccentric bushing can be not stressed and make its passive rotation.
4, according to the self-locking mechanism of the said efficient self-locking speed-down machine of claim 1, it also is the patent of invention of application before me, the optimized matching of the key mechanism of speed changing system of constant power stepless variable-speed vehicle and constant-power stepless speed change three-phase AC asynchronous motor, different is to adopt a cover involute planetary mechanism to be output, pinion carrier is installed six Xiao's axles and is connected with differential planetary mechanism, and central sun gear is connected with output shaft, making slows down becomes speedup, with expanding governing, patent application of the present invention also is the improvement of above-mentioned two patents of invention and replenishes.
CNA2008101340043A 2008-07-16 2008-07-16 Semi gravity moment efficient energy-saving safe self-locking crane Pending CN101357744A (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102341339A (en) * 2009-03-02 2012-02-01 通用电气公司 Drive assembly and apparatus for hoist
CN102537218A (en) * 2012-03-08 2012-07-04 宋保通 Self-locking braking speed reducer
CN102718164A (en) * 2012-06-29 2012-10-10 上海三一科技有限公司 Winding drum speed and relative angle measuring device and hoisting mechanism
CN104817028A (en) * 2015-05-13 2015-08-05 上海舜海船舶设备有限公司 Rope winding and unwinding mechanism and cleaning device
CN105460824A (en) * 2015-12-26 2016-04-06 浙江大学 Mechanical-electrical integrated winding winch device
CN109823976A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-05-31 湖北恒欣传动设备股份有限公司 A kind of precise high-efficiency electric reel
CN112456363A (en) * 2020-11-24 2021-03-09 浙江大学台州研究院 Electric hoist with symmetrical mechanism
CN113023584A (en) * 2021-02-08 2021-06-25 浙江大学台州研究院 Zero-gravity small crane
CN116853974A (en) * 2023-09-05 2023-10-10 山东宇腾智能科技有限公司 Motor built-in winch based on planetary gear train

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102341339A (en) * 2009-03-02 2012-02-01 通用电气公司 Drive assembly and apparatus for hoist
CN102341339B (en) * 2009-03-02 2014-05-07 通用电气公司 Drive assembly and apparatus for hoist
US8985555B2 (en) 2009-03-02 2015-03-24 General Electric Company Drive assembly and apparatus for hoist
CN102537218A (en) * 2012-03-08 2012-07-04 宋保通 Self-locking braking speed reducer
CN102718164A (en) * 2012-06-29 2012-10-10 上海三一科技有限公司 Winding drum speed and relative angle measuring device and hoisting mechanism
CN104817028A (en) * 2015-05-13 2015-08-05 上海舜海船舶设备有限公司 Rope winding and unwinding mechanism and cleaning device
CN105460824A (en) * 2015-12-26 2016-04-06 浙江大学 Mechanical-electrical integrated winding winch device
CN105460824B (en) * 2015-12-26 2017-12-15 浙江大学 A kind of coiling capstan arrangement of electromechanical
CN109823976A (en) * 2019-04-11 2019-05-31 湖北恒欣传动设备股份有限公司 A kind of precise high-efficiency electric reel
CN112456363A (en) * 2020-11-24 2021-03-09 浙江大学台州研究院 Electric hoist with symmetrical mechanism
CN112456363B (en) * 2020-11-24 2022-06-07 浙江大学台州研究院 Electric hoist with symmetrical mechanism
CN113023584A (en) * 2021-02-08 2021-06-25 浙江大学台州研究院 Zero-gravity small crane
CN116853974A (en) * 2023-09-05 2023-10-10 山东宇腾智能科技有限公司 Motor built-in winch based on planetary gear train
CN116853974B (en) * 2023-09-05 2023-11-10 山东宇腾智能科技有限公司 Motor built-in winch based on planetary gear train

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