CN101356611B

CN101356611B - Electrical switch

Info

Publication number: CN101356611B
Application number: CN200680050613.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: D·哈芬; G·尼克尔夫斯基
Original assignee: Marquardt GmbH
Current assignee: Marquardt GmbH
Priority date: 2006-01-09
Filing date: 2006-12-27
Publication date: 2013-07-03
Anticipated expiration: 2026-12-27
Also published as: EP1971991B1; WO2007079716A1; CN101356611A; EP1971991A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrical switch (1) for an electrical device, especially for electric tools, such as drills, grinders, saws, planes, angle grinders, or similar. Said electrical switch (1) comprises an actuating element (13) and a contact system, upon which the actuating element acts in a switching manner. The contact system and the actuating element (13) are configured as an autonomously operable switch unit (14) similar to a module. Said switch unit (14) can be disposed inside a mounting frame (15) which is used for fastening purposes in the electrical device. To this avail, the mounting frame (15) is provided with a receptacle for the switch unit (14), the size of said receptacle approximately matching the size of the switch unit (14).

Description

Electrical switch

The present invention relates to an electrical switch according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such a switch is mainly used in an electric hand tool having a power supply-powered motor as a power switch for turning on and off the motor. These power tools may be electric drills, angle grinders, electric saws, electric planers, grinders, vibratory finishing machines, screw machines, or the like.

DE19708939a1 discloses an electrical switch for switching on and off an electrical power tool. Switches are typically provided on the handle of the power tool with a housing in which the contact system is located. Movable operating element () Projecting from the housing, the operating element acts on the contact system by means of a switch. This is disadvantageous in that the housing and the actuating element of the switch are required to be adapted to the installation space in the respective power tool, in particular to the handle, so that a large number of device-specific switches are required. This increases the switch price and inventory. A further disadvantage is that the contact system is composed of a large number of individual fittings (Einzelteil). This increases the price of the switch, while leading to an increase in assembly costs.

The object of the invention is to further develop such an electrical switch such that it is suitable for different installation spaces, in particular for adaptation to an electric tool in a simple manner. Such an electrical switch will be further developed, if possible, so that the number of individual fittings is reduced.

The object of the invention is achieved in an electrical switch of this type by the features according to claim 1.

In the case of the switch according to the invention, the contact system and the actuating element are provided in the form of modules as independently operable switching units. Such a switching unit in the form of a module can be formed in an embedded structure (Einbaurahmen) which plays a role in the fixing in the electrical apparatus. Furthermore, the installation structure preferably has a socket (Aufnahme) for the switching unit, which advantageously has approximately corresponding dimensions to the switching unit, so that the switching module in the installation structure can be fixed in a simple manner. The insert structure can be arranged specifically for the customer or the device, functions in the form of an interface in different handles of the electric tool, and represents a standardized basic switching form of a smaller structure in the switching unit. Such a basic switch can be advantageously used in the most diverse power tools, for which purpose the power tool switch can be used in a simple and flexible manner in a wide variety of power tools. Further developments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

The switch unit may have a housing in which all the main function switches are included, which switch unit may function independently. An electrical connection interface (Anschluss) is provided on the switching unit, in particular on the housing, for the supply and/or output of a voltage to and/or from the contact system. Furthermore, control and/or regulating electronics for the electric motor of the electrical device or the like are provided in the switching unit, in particular in the housing. The switching unit is essentially a basic module as a stand-alone function and complete interface, for example in an electric tool.

The electrical connection interface on the switching unit can communicate with an electrical interface arranged on the insert, in particular in the form of a plug connector. Thus, when the switching unit is arranged on the installation structure, an electrical connection between the electrical connection interface and the electrical counter-interface can be established, wherein an extension of the interface on the switching unit can be realized. It is obvious that the input lines of the electrical device can also be coupled directly to the electrical coupling interface of the switch unit housing, even if the switch unit is already provided on the installation structure.

The insert structure also assumes the function of a switch support, in which interfaces and/or wiring and/or interference cancellation components for the electrical devices are included. Furthermore, in the built-in construction, a customer "dedicated" electrical interface layout is provided for the power supply of the electrical device, for the voltage input of the motor in the electrical device, for the line input of the electrical device or the like. It is possible that the electrical interface and the electrical counter-interface remain electrically coupled by further wiring.

The installation structure can be provided specifically for each electrical device, so that the installation of the switching unit as a base module can be realized and/or simplified by the installation structure. In contrast, the switching unit is not substantially dependent on the respective electrical device, but is arranged in the form of a basic module. The extended switching function can be integrated into the installation structure, in which, for example, electronic devices or similar functions for further device-specific purposes are arranged in the form of an "additional cover" on the installation structure. Thus, an extended "cover function" requiring expensive electronics may be achieved, for example, by using a microprocessor and/or an indicator.

The installation structure can also have further additional functional sockets, for example, a braking device for the actuating element, a stroke limiting or stroke limiting device for the actuating element, a transmission fuse for the actuating element, a pressure point generating device for the actuating element, a switch-on lock for the actuating element, a right-left-hand selector switch for the electric motor, a capacitor for the electric motor, or the like. The invention thus provides a unique switch whose functionality is to separate the basic functionality provided from the optional additional functionality.

Furthermore, clampable snap and/or bayonet couplings may advantageously be used. The actuating element protrudes from the mounting structure, so that an actuating device, which is provided on the actuating element specifically for the electrical device, can be fixed by means of, for example, a detent, a clip or the like. For the transmission of external pressure, the insert structure is provided with guide rails for the movable actuating device via the actuating element.

In other words, the power tool switch according to the invention is designed in a modular construction with an insertion structure. The basic module of the smallest possible configuration comprises all the switching functions, if possible, and also the electronics, and is therefore independently operable. The built-in structure enables and simplifies installation to the electric tool. Further switching functions can be integrated into the installation structure.

Furthermore, in the switch according to the invention, the electrically conductive parts of the switch, in particular the parts of the contact system and/or the parts coupled to the contact system, which are located at the same potential can be designed essentially as separate components. In other words, the switch of the power tool achieves a reduction in the number of components by functionally integrating a large number of single-piece individual components at the same potential. This also advantageously results in a reduction in costs and a reduction in the operating space of the switch.

The contact system advantageously has a switching contact designed as a separate part, wherein the switching contact is composed of a fixed contact, which is arranged on a movable switching contact carrier, and of a power supply connection. The power interface may be configured as a push-in interface, a flat plug interface, a screw interface, a plunge-clamp interface, or the like, as desired.

A reduction in the installation space of the switch can be achieved if the switch comprises integrated electronics as control and/or regulating electronics for driving the electric motor of the electrical device. In addition, the contact system has a bridging contact designed as a separate component, wherein the bridging contact is composed of a fixed contact and a motor interface, the fixed contact being arranged on a movable bridging contact carrier. The motor interface can be designed as a push-in interface, a flat plug interface, a screw interface, a cut-in clamp interface or the like, as required. Further, the bridging contact has a contact spring for powering the electronic device.

In a known manner, the electronic device can be designed in the form of a thick-layer module with integrated interfaces on the ceramic carrier. Lower costs can be achieved if the electronics are provided on a conventional circuit board.

In order to further reduce the number of components, the contact system may have a multifunctional component designed as a separate fitting, wherein the multifunctional component comprises at least one bearing for the movable contact carrier. The multifunctional component advantageously comprises a movable contact carrier, a movable bridging contact carrier, if present, and also a spring of the movable contact carrier. Further, the multifunctional part has a contact spring for supplying power to the electronic device. If a tamper-resistant capacitor is designed for the electronic device, the multifunctional component may comprise a push-in interface for the capacitor, a flat plug interface, a screw interface, a cut-in clamp interface, or the like, as desired.

Finally, the other conductive parts on the switch, which are at the same potential, can all be designed as separate fittings. In particular, the other power supply interfaces and also the other motor interfaces are provided in the form of a fulcrum (st ü tzpunkt). The pivot point may also comprise other interfaces for capacitors, wherein these interfaces may be provided as a push-in interface, a flat plug interface, a screw interface, a cut-in clamp interface or the like, as required.

The advantages obtained by the invention are in particular that the switch has a flexible modular structure. The base module can be used independently and can be mass-produced as a standard component, thereby reducing the cost. Only a separate insert structure is necessary for a corresponding installation in the power tool. The installation structure as an additional component can likewise be optimized with regard to costs for various applications. Particularly as a power tool switch, which is suitable for use in low cost range power tool applications.

The advantage achieved by the invention is also that in the form of multifunctional components, potential-identical components are combined on the switch into individual fittings, which have a very small construction. Due to the small number of individual parts and the fact that the push-bend part can be produced at low cost from the corresponding metal plate, the expenditure on the assembly of the switch is low. Furthermore, by reducing the number of components, the channel resistance in the switch is reduced, and its functionality and fault resistance are better. Particularly as a power tool switch, which is suitable for use in low cost applications for power tools.

Embodiments of the invention with various modifications are shown in the drawings and are described in detail below. Wherein,

figure 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an electrical switch arrangement in a power tool,

fig. 2 shows a housing on a handle of a power tool, partially in section,

figure 3 shows a switch consisting of a switching unit and an insert construction,

figure 4 shows a switching unit of the switch-on module designed as a separate accessory,

figure 5 shows an installation configuration for a switching unit designed as a separate fitting,

figure 6 shows a further embodiment of the corresponding switch in figure 3,

fig. 7 shows the installation of the switch from fig. 6 as a separate fitting,

fig. 8 shows the switch unit from fig. 4 with an open housing, with some of the individual fittings removed,

fig. 9 shows the switching unit of fig. 8, wherein the control electronics and/or the regulating electronics are partly removed,

fig. 10 shows the circuit board from fig. 8, designed as a separate fitting and with control and/or regulating electronics,

fig. 11 shows an exploded view of another switch for right-hand to left-hand switching of a power tool.

The electrical switch 1 according to the invention is applied in an electrical apparatus, which is powered by an electrical power source. Preferably, the electrical switch 1 is used in a power tool 2, such as an electric drill, a hammer drill, a grinder, an electric saw, an electric planer, an angle grinder or similar tools. Fig. 1 shows in detail a schematic circuit diagram of the arrangement of an electrical switch 1 in a power tool 2, which is supplied with power by a mains alternating current U.

The power tool 2 has a motor 3 with a field coil 4. The motor 3 is switched on and/or off by the user by controlling a switch 1 located on a handle 5 (see fig. 2) of the power tool 2. For the purpose of control, the switch 1 has an actuating device 6 in the form of a pushbutton, which acts on the contact system 7 in the form of a switch via an actuating element 13. If applicable, the rotational speed of the electric motor 3 can also be set by means of the switch 1, for which purpose the actuating element 13 acts on the setpoint value setter 9 (for example, including a potentiometer track) and the additional contact system 8. The setting of the rotational speed of the electric motor 3 is effected by control and/or regulating electronics 10 with a power semiconductor 11, for example a triac or the like, which is designed as a phase-shift control.

By moving the control device 6, the contact system 7 is first closed and the mains ac voltage U is supplied to the electric motor 3 via the power semiconductor 11. The potentiometer tracks 9, whose position corresponds to the control voltage of the operating device, are lowered and supplied with power by the control electronics 10. The control electronics 10 are triggered in the corresponding phase and current angle of the ac supply voltage U, functionally dependent on the control voltage of the power semiconductor 11, and finally the rotational speed of the electric motor 3 corresponding to the position of the actuation device 6 can be set and likewise controlled.

When the operating device 6 is in its maximum position, the contact system 8 is closed and the control electronics 10 and the power semiconductor 11 are bridged. The mains ac voltage U is thus fully applied to the motor 3, which operates at the highest rotational speed.

The detailed construction of the switch 1 mounted on the handle 5 can be seen in fig. 2. The switch 1 has a housing 12 from which an actuating element 13 projects. On one side of the actuating element 13, an actuating device 6 is fastened, which is provided specifically for each power tool 2. In the housing 12 there are contact systems 7,8 and possibly also potentiometer tracks 9. As can be seen from fig. 4, the housing 12 comprises the contact systems 7,8 in the form of switch modules and an actuating element 13, which can be provided as an independently operable switch unit 14.

As can be further seen from fig. 2, the switching unit 14 is arranged on a mounting structure 15 which is fixed in the electrical device. As can be seen in detail in fig. 5, the mounting structure is designed as a separate fitting with a socket 55 for the switching unit 14. The receptacle 55 has a size that generally conforms to the size of the switch unit 14 so that the switch unit 14 can be inserted into the receptacle 55. Furthermore, the switching unit 14 can be fixed in a socket 55 of the installation structure. This fixing can be effected, for example, by means of a snap-in and/or bayonet connection 15, as can be seen from a comparison of fig. 4 and 5, the switching unit 14 fixed to the mounting structure 15 can be preassembled as a module unit, as can be seen again in fig. 3. The actuating element 13 protrudes from the insert 15, wherein the actuating device 6 is fixed to the actuating element 13 by means of a detent, a clip or the like. Advantageously, a guide rail 21 is provided on the installation structure 15 for the transmission of external pressure to the actuating device 6.

The switch unit 14 can be produced in large series as a standard component, and the installation structure 15 requires adjustment of the installation space in the handle of various power tools 2 (as shown in fig. 2). For the sake of a detailed explanation, fig. 6 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the switch 1, which specifies a further installation situation for the power tool. In the case of such a switch 1, in fig. 7, an insert 15' designed as a separate fitting is provided, in order to distinguish the insert 15 from fig. 5. Conversely, the use of the switching unit 14 also relates to the switch 1 according to fig. 6, which is depicted in fig. 4.

As can be seen from fig. 4, there is an electrical connection interface 16 on the switching unit 14 and its housing 12 for transmitting the voltage U from and/or to the contact system 7, 8. In order to supply the power tool 2 with electrical power and also to supply voltage to the electric motor 3 in the power tool 2 and thus to output the voltage U from the contact system 7,8, a further connection interface 17 is provided on the housing 12, wherein the connection interface 17 on the left in fig. 4 is hidden in a housing rib 56 which serves as a partition. If special installation situations are required in the power tool 2 and no further indication is given, the electrical connection interfaces 16,17 can communicate with electrical contact interfaces provided on the insert structure 15, in particular in the form of plug connections, so that when the switching unit 14 is arranged on the insert structure 15, an electrical connection is established between the electrical connection interfaces 16,17 and the electrical contact interfaces. The opposite interface allows the

interfaces

16,17 to be extended over the switching unit 14. Finally, electrical interfaces for conduction in the electric motor 2 are provided at other locations of the installation structure 15, by means of which an interface arrangement according to the customer's requirements can be achieved. If necessary, the

electrical interfaces

16,17 can be electrically connected to the mating electrical interfaces by means of wires on the mounting structure 15.

The switching unit 14 further comprises control and/or regulating electronics 10 in the form of a standard module for the electric motor 3 of the power tool 2, which is located on a conventional circuit board 18, which is arranged in the housing 12 of the switching unit 14, as can be seen in fig. 8. Of course, the control and/or regulating electronics 10 can also be provided in the form of thick-layer modules with integrated interfaces. As already mentioned, the installation structure 15 is specifically designed for the respective power tool 2, so that additional electronics for further special functions can be provided on the installation structure 15 in the form of a so-called "additional cover function". These additional electronic devices are fixed (as seen for example in fig. 5) to the cover extension 52 of the mounting structure 15.

Further, there may be sockets on the insert structure 15 that perform other additional functions, which are not included on the switch unit 14 provided as a standard component. Fig. 5 shows a hemispherical receptacle (Aufnahmedom)20, on which a braking device for the actuating element can be placed. Other examples of such additional functions can be stroke limiting or stroke limiting devices for the actuating element 13, power supply fuses for the actuating element 13, pressure point generating devices for the actuating element 13, switch-on latches for the actuating element 13 or similar devices, which are not shown in any further detail. Finally, a right-left-hand selector 35 for the electric motor 3 (see fig. 11) or a disturbance-suppression capacitor 30 for the electric motor 3 (see fig. 1) can also be provided on the installation structure 15.

The switch 1 according to the invention further allows a reduction of individual accessories in which the functions of the switch 1 are aggregated and integrated. Furthermore, it can be seen from fig. 1 that the components of the switch 1, in particular the components for the contact systems 7,8, which are located at the same potential are essentially designed as separate components.

The contact system 7 for connecting the supply voltage comprises a movable connecting contact carrier 22 and a fixed contact 23 interacting with the connecting contact carrier 22, the fixed contact 23 being electrically coupled from one side to the power supply interface 16. The fixed contacts 22 and the power supply interface 16 are designed as separate components, followed by the contact-making contacts 24, the detailed construction of which can be seen in fig. 9. The power interface 16 is advantageously provided in the form of a push-in interface, also visible in fig. 9. Of course, the power interface 16 may also be provided as a flat plug interface, a screw-type interface, or the like.

The contact system 8 for bridging between the control electronics 10 and the power semiconductor 11 comprises a movable bridging contact carrier 25 and a fixed contact 26 interacting with the bridging contact carrier 25, the fixed contact 26 being electrically coupled from its side to the motor interface 17. The fixed contacts 26 and the motor interface 17 are again designed as separate fittings, followed by bridging contacts 27, and can be seen in fig. 8. As shown in fig. 8, the motor interface 17 is likewise advantageously provided in the form of a push-in interface, a plunge-clamping interface or the like. Further, the bridging contact 27 has a contact spring 28, visible in fig. 9, for supplying power to the control and/or regulating electronics 10. The fixed contact 26 on the bridging contact 27 is not visible in fig. 9, since it is covered by the cam control 57 for the

contact carriers

22, 25 on the actuating element 13.

In order to further reduce the number of components, the contact system 7,8 has a multifunctional component 29 designed as a separate fitting arrangement, which can again be seen from fig. 8 and 9. The multifunctional member 29 comprises at least one bearing for the

movable contact carriers

22, 25, the multifunctional member 29 also comprising the movable contacting contact carrier 22 and the movable bridging contact carrier 25 (if present). Further, the springs of the

movable contact carriers

22, 25 are integrated in the form of leaf springs on the multifunctional part 29. The multifunctional part 29 may additionally also comprise further contact springs 28' for supplying the control and/or regulation electronics 10 with power. When the capacitor 30 is arranged on the switch 1, the multifunctional part 29 may also comprise an interface 31 for the capacitor 30, for example a push-in interface, a fork interface, a cut-in clamping interface or the like.

Finally, the other conductive parts on the switch 1, which are at the same potential, are each provided as a separate accessory. Such that the further power supply interface 16 and the further motor interface 17 are arranged as a fulcrum 32. The fulcrum 32 also includes an interface 31' for the capacitor 30. These

interfaces

16,17, 31' can again be provided in the form of push-in interfaces.

As already mentioned, the setpoint value setter 9 is located in the housing 12, which according to fig. 10 is in the form of a potentiometer, consisting of a movable contact element 33 and a fixed contact element 34, wherein the adjustable contact element 33 is in the form of a slider and the contact element 34 is in the form of a resistance track. The actuating element 13 acts on the setpoint value setter 9 by way of adjustment, so that, for example, the rotational speed of the electric motor 3 can be set by the control and/or electronics 10 as a function of the adjustment travel of the adjustable contact element 33. The adjustable contact element 33 according to the invention consists of a coil spring.

The spring 33 has a cylindrical coil of substantially circular cross-section. The spring 33 can thus effect a rolling movement when the actuating element 13 is moved. The friction on the adjustable contact element 33 is reduced due to the rolling. The spring 33 may consist of a tension and/or compression spring section with a small wire diameter. The spring 33 is advantageously composed of a material with a better electrical conductivity, and the friction strength or similar properties of the material used for the spring 33 are different compared to the material used for the contact system 7, 8.

The resistor tracks 34 are stamped onto the circuit board 18 with a corresponding resistor adhesive and then baked. On the circuit board 18 there are also electrical and/or electronic components 51 for controlling and/or regulating the electronic device 10 and the power semiconductor 11. Furthermore, a conductor track 53 for the connection element 51 and the power semiconductor 11 is also provided on the printed circuit board 18.

The motor 3 is located in an electric drill, a screw machine or the like. The power tool 2 can be driven to rotate either right or left. For this purpose, the power tool 2 can be provided with a further electrical switch 35, which can be fastened to the attachment 15, for example, for switching the right-hand to left-hand rotation of the power tool 2.

The switch 35 shown in detail in fig. 11 has a switch housing 36 from which an actuating means 37 for manually operating the switch 35 projects. The switch 35 has a contact system 38, which consists of a fixed contact 39 and a switching contact 40. The operating means 37 acts on the switching contact 40, so that the contact system 38 is switched between two switching positions. Furthermore, the actuation element 37 interacts with the latch in such a way that each switching position is designed as a latch position. The switch contact 40 and the snap spring according to the present invention are composed of a single-part contact spring.

The contact spring 40 as a leaf spring can be made of spring wire, spring band or the like. The contact spring 40 thus forms a press-bending part. As can further be seen in fig. 11, the contact spring 40 is arranged substantially in a V-shape. The contact spring 40 thus has a rounded base body 41 and two spring legs, the spring leg 42 being intended to contact each fixed contact 39.

The switch case 36 is composed of a base 43 and a cover 44. The fixed contact 39 is fixed in the base 43 on a socket 45 corresponding to the fixed contact 39. On the fixed contact 39, a contact reed 46 is output from the switch case 36 as an interface. According to fig. 11, the contact spring 46 is provided in the form of a plug contact. The contact spring 46 can also be provided as a push-in interface or the like, if desired.

The actuating means 37 is arranged on a rotary bearing 47 as an actuating lever which can be pivoted in the base 43. A first arm 48 of the operating lever 37 projects from the switch housing 36 as a handle for manual operation of the switch 35. The second arm 49 of the actuating lever 37 serves to support and fix the contact spring 40 in the switch housing 36. The contact spring 40 is compressed by the second arm 49 of the manipulation lever 37. As can be further seen in fig. 11, the two contact springs 40 are arranged on the second arm 49 so as to overlap one another. As an alternative to the pivotable actuating lever 37, the actuating element can also be provided as an actuating slide which can slide in the base, but is not shown in detail here.

The base portion 41 of the contact spring 40 engages the switch positioning plate 50 such that the contact system 38 performs a card slot switch when the operating device 37 is moved. The switch positioning plate 50 located within the base 43 is arranged in a W-shape with at least two card slot positions within the recess of the W-shape. The two slot positions relate to two switch positions of the contact system 38. Each switch position corresponds to a left or right turn of the motor 3. There may also be a third slot position, if desired, used as the middle zero position. In the zero position no contact occurs, so that the electric motor 3 is not operated and is therefore situated between the two switching positions.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments that have been described and shown. It also includes all further developments of the speciality within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims. Therefore, this type of switch 1 can be used not only for ac-powered power tools 2 but also for dc-powered battery power tools. In this case, an FET, MOS-FET, or the like is used as the high-power semiconductor. Further, this type of switch 1 may be used not only in the power tool 2, but also in other electrical devices powered by a power source, such as gardening implements, kitchen implements, or the like.

List of reference numerals:

1: (electric) switch

2: electric tool

3: electric motor

4: excitation coil

5: handle (CN)

6: control device

7,8: contact system

9: potentiometer guide rail/rating setting device

10: control and/or regulating electronic device

11: high power semiconductor

12: shell body

13: control element

14: switch unit

15, 15': embedded structure

16: (Electrical) connection interface/Power interface

17: (Electrical) connection interface/Motor interface

18: circuit board

20: hemispherical container

21: guide piece (for control device)

22: contact carrier/contact carrier

23: fixed contact

24: make contact

25: bridging contact carrier/contact carrier

26: fixed contact

27: bridging contact

28, 28': contact spring

29: multifunctional component

30: (anti-interference) capacitor

31, 31': interface (for capacitor)

32: supporting point

33: adjustable contact element/spring (rating setter)

34: fixed contact element/resistance track (of rating setter)

35: (other electric) switch/right-left-hand change-over switch

36: switch shell

37: control device/control lever

38: contact system

39: fixed contact

40: switch contact/contact spring

41: base part (contact spring)

42: spring support (contact spring)

43: base seat

44: cover plate

45: socket (in base)

46: contact spring

47: rotary bearing

48: first arm (of control lever)

49: second arm (control lever)

50: switching positioning plate

51: (Electrical/electronic) component

52: cover plate extension

53: conductor line

54: snap and/or slot coupling

55: socket

56: rib-shaped part of shell

57: cam control unit

Claims

1. An electrical switch for electrical apparatuses with an operating element (13) and also with a contact system (7,8), wherein the operating element (13) acts on the contact system (7,8) in the form of a switch, characterized in that the contact system (7,8) and the operating element (13) are provided in the form of modules as independently operable switch units (14), which switch units (14) can be arranged in an insert structure (15,15') that acts as a fixing in the electrical apparatus, wherein the insert structure (15,15') is provided specifically for each electrical apparatus and the switch unit (14) is provided in the form of a basic module independently of each electrical apparatus.

2. The electrical switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the insert structure (15,15') has a socket (55) for the switch unit (14), wherein the socket (55) has dimensions substantially corresponding in size to the switch unit (14).

3. The electrical switch according to claim 1, characterized in that there is an electrical coupling interface (16,17) on the switching unit (14) for inputting and/or outputting a voltage to/from the contact system (7, 8).

4. The electrical switch according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the switch unit (14) has a housing (12).

5. The electrical switch according to claim 4, characterized in that in the switch unit (14) there are provided control and/or regulation electronics (10) for the electric motor (3) of the electrical device.

6. Electrical switch according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the switch unit (14) is fixed in the socket (55) of the inlay structure (15,15') by means of a snap and/or a bayonet coupling (54).

7. Electrical switch according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the operating element (13) protrudes from the inlay structure (15, 15').

8. An electrical switch according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the electrically conductive parts of the switch (1) which are at the same potential are each designed in the form of a separate fitting.

9. The electrical switch according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the contact system (7) has a make contact (24) designed as a separate fitting.

10. Electrical switch according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the contact system (8) has a bridging contact (27) designed as a separate fitting.

11. Electrical switch according to claim 5, characterised in that the electronic device (10) is provided in the form of a thick-film module with an integrated interface.

12. Electrical switch according to claim 5, characterised in that the electronic device (10) is arranged on a circuit board (18).

13. Electrical switch according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the contact system (7,8) has a multifunctional part (29) designed as a separate fitting.

14. An electrical switch according to claim 8, characterized in that the other conducting parts of the switch (1) which are at the same potential are each designed as a separate fitting.

15. An electrical switch according to claim 3, wherein the interface is provided in the form of a push-in interface, a flat plug interface, a screw-in interface or a plunge-clamp interface.

16. The electrical switch according to claim 3, characterized in that the electrical connection interface (16,17) communicates with an electrical phase interface provided on the insert structure (15,15'), such that by providing the switch unit (14) on the insert structure (15,15'), an electrical connection between the electrical connection interface (16,17) and the electrical phase interface can be established.

17. The electrical switch of claim 16, wherein the electrical phase pair interface is in the form of a plug coupling.

18. Electrical switch according to claim 16, characterized in that there is an electrical interface on the inlay (15,15') for supplying power to an electrical device, for inputting voltage to a motor (3) in an electrical device, or for inputting lines in an electrical device.

19. The electrical switch of claim 18, wherein the electrical interface is electrically coupled to the electrical phase interface by a wire.

20. Electrical switch according to claim 5, characterised in that in the housing (12) there are provided control and/or regulating electronics (10) for the electric motor (3) of the electrical device.

21. Electrical switch according to claim 1, characterised in that electronic devices for other device-specific functions are designed into the built-in structure (15, 15').

22. Electrical switch according to claim 21, characterised in that there is a socket for an additional functional module on the inlay structure (15, 15').

23. Electrical switch according to claim 5, characterised in that the built-in structure (15,15') is provided specifically for each electrical device, electronic devices for other device-specific functions are designed into the insert structures (15,15'), a socket for an additional functional module is provided on the insertion structure (15,15'), and the additional functional module is a braking device for the actuating element (13), a stroke or stroke limiting device for the actuating element (13), a power transmission fuse for the actuating element (13), a pressure point generating device for the actuating element (13), a switch-on lock for the actuating element (13), a right-left-hand selector switch (35) for the electric motor (3), or an interference suppression capacitor (30) for the electric motor (3).

24. Electrical switch according to claim 7, characterised in that an actuation device (6) which is specifically assigned to an electrical device is fixed on the actuation element (13).

25. Electrical switch according to claim 24, characterized in that a guide (21) for a movable operating device (6) is provided on the inlay structure (15, 15').

26. Electrical switch according to claim 8, characterised in that the electrically conductive parts of the switch (1) which are on the same potential are parts of the contact system (7,8) and/or parts associated with said contact system (7, 8).

27. Electrical switch according to claim 9, characterized in that the make contact (24) consists of a fixed contact (23) and a power interface (16), wherein the fixed contact (23) is associated with a movable make contact carrier (22).

28. Electrical switch according to claim 10, characterized in that the bridging contact (27) consists of a fixed contact (26) and a motor interface (17), wherein the fixed contact (26) is associated with a movable bridging contact carrier (25).

29. Electrical switch according to claim 28, characterised in that in the switch unit (14) control and/or regulation electronics (10) for the electric motor (3) of the electrical device are provided, wherein the bridging contact (27) has a contact spring (28) for supplying the electronics (10).

30. An electrical switch according to claim 13, characterised in that the multifunctional member (29) comprises at least one bearing for the movable contact carrier (22, 25).

31. Electrical switch according to claim 30, characterised in that the multifunctional component (29) comprises a movable make contact carrier (22).

32. Electrical switch according to claim 31, characterised in that the multifunctional part (29) further comprises a movable bridging contact carrier (25).

33. An electrical switch according to claim 32, characterised in that the multifunctional member (29) in turn comprises a spring which moves the contact carrier (22, 25).

34. Electrical switch according to claim 30, characterised in that in the switch unit (14) there are provided control and/or regulating electronics (10) for an electric motor (3) of an electrical device, wherein the multifunctional part (29) has a further contact spring (28') for supplying the electronics (10) with electricity.

35. Electrical switch according to claim 23, characterised in that the contact system (7,8) has a multifunctional part (29) designed as a separate fitting, the multifunctional part (29) comprising at least one bearing for a movable contact carrier (22, 25), the multifunctional part (29) having a further contact spring (28') for supplying the electronic device (10), and the multifunctional part (29) comprising an interface (31) for a capacitor (30) and designed as a push-in interface, a fork interface or a plunge-clamp interface.

36. An electrical switch according to claim 14, characterized in that the further power supply interface (16) and the further motor interface (17) are provided as fulcrums (32).

37. Electrical switch according to claim 23, characterised in that the other conducting parts of the switch (1) which are at the same potential are each designed as a separate fitting, the other power supply interfaces (16) and the other motor interfaces (17) are provided as fulcrums (32), and the fulcrums (32) comprise the other interfaces (31') for the capacitors (30).

38. An electrical switch according to claim 15, characterized in that the interface is a power supply interface (16), a motor interface (17) or another interface (31, 31').

39. Electrical switch according to claim 24, characterised in that an operating device (6) which is specifically provided for an electrical device can be fixed on the operating element (13) by means of a snap or clip.