CN101355994B - Water purification system - Google Patents

Abstract

Embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for water purification. The systems have a preheater (30), a degasser (40), an evaporation chamber (50), a demister (70), and a control system (120), wherein the control system (120) permits operation of the purification system (10) through repeated cycles without requiring user intervention or cleaning. The system is capable of removing, from a contaminated water sample, a plurality of contaminant types including: microbiological contaminants, radiological contaminants, metals, salts, volatile organics, and non-volatile organics.

Description

Water purification system

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field that water purifies.Particularly; Embodiment of the present invention relate to removes the system and method for whole various impurity basically from water in automation process; Said automation process need not clean in several months to several years process or the user gets involved, and per unit input glassware for drinking water has high relatively product water yield.

Background technology

Exhaust well and reservoir along with the water that conventional water resource is rare day by day, the municipal distribution system of drinking water worsens and increases in time uses, cause saline pollution, water treatment technology becomes the necessary aspect of the modern life just rapidly.In addition, because comings and goings, it comprises that for example, intensive agriculture, gasoline additive and toxic heavy metal produce other pollution of waterhead.These problems cause germ in the water system (germ), bacterium, salt, MTBE, chlorate, perchlorate, arsenic, mercury and even are used for level increase and that can not adopt of the chemical substance of disinfectant soup water.

Seldom can handle various water pollutants such as routine techniques such as counter-infiltration (RO), filtration and chemical treatments.In addition, even they are commercial obtainable, but their need a plurality of the processing stage usually or the combination of various technology to realize acceptable water quality.Routine techniques still less, for example, ultraviolet (UV) light radiation or ozone treatment can antiviral effectively and bacteriums, but almost can not remove such as other pollutants such as dissolved gas, salt, hydrocarbon and insoluble solids.In addition, although most of distillation technique can advantageously be removed the part pollutant, it can not handle the pollutant of all categories usually.

Therefore, continuous complicated Distallation systm self-cleaning and the most of input of recovery water appears as the water pollution problems of solution increase and the best long-term selection of water exhaustion.

Summary of the invention

Embodiment of the present invention provide a kind of improved water purification system.Said water purification system can comprise import, preheater, degasser, vaporization chamber, demister, product condenser, Waste outlet, product outlet and control system.Said control system allows through repetitive cycling operates said cleaning system and does not need the user to get involved or clean.Multiple pollutant type can be removed by said system from pollution water sample, comprising: microorgranic contaminant, radioactive pollutant, metal, salt, volatile organic matter and nonvolatile organic compound; All kinds of pollutant levels with convenient contaminant water are table 1 at the most, 25 times of level shown in 2 or 3 times, through all kinds of pollutant levels of the water of said system purification be lower than table 1, level shown in 2 or 3.In said system implementation scheme, the volume of the water that generates can account for the input water volume about 20% and about 95% between.Said system at least about 2 months, 6 months, 1 year or the longer time operating period between in do not need the cleaning.

Said system can comprise that also entry switch is to regulate the current through said inlet.Said switch can comprise for example mechanisms such as solenoid, valve, hole.Said entry switch can be controlled by the control system.And said system can also comprise shutdown control.Said shutdown is controlled, for example, and Artificial Control, overflow control, tankage size control, vaporization chamber volume controlled etc.Said control system can be based on controlling inlet from the feedback of vaporization chamber and/or jar buoy.Said control system can be based on the FEEDBACK CONTROL switch of cleaning system.Said feedback can based on; For example, the water yield in the water yield in the product water container, product water flow, water flows time, anhydrous flowing time, the vaporization chamber, leak detection, vaporization chamber pressure, output water quality (total dissolved solidss), the pressure reduction of crossing over vaporization chamber, vaporization chamber downflow weir buoy etc. through the product outlet.Said system also can comprise flow controller.Said flow controller can comprise pressure regulator.Said pressure regulator can with hydraulic pressure maintain about 0kPa and and 250kPa (0 to 36psi) between.Said flow controller can maintain the speed between 10 and 75 ml/min with current.Said system can comprise sediment trap.

And said system can have the economizer bank through said vaporization chamber.The water of discharging said economizer bank can have the temperature at least about 96 ℃.The time of staying of water is at least about 15 seconds in the said economizer bank tolerable economizer bank.Said economizer bank can comprise coil pipe.Said coil pipe can have substantially horizontal net flow, and can pass through a horizontal plane repeatedly through the water of said coil pipe motion.Said economizer bank can have the heat exchange with stram condenser.At least a portion economizer bank can be coaxial with at least a portion stram condenser.Said stram condenser can contain exhaust steam.

Degasser can perpendicular be orientated, and has top and bottom.The water of heating can be right after the lower end and discharge degasser.In said system, can be right after the lower end from the steam of vaporization chamber and get into said degasser, discharge said degasser but also can be right after the upper end.Said degasser can comprise the matrix that is applicable to promotion water and vapor mixing.Said matrix can comprise spherical basically particle.Yet said matrix also can comprise nonspherical particle.Said matrix can comprise and has through the particle of selecting size so that can in said degasser, evenly fill.Said matrix also can comprise the particle of different size, and said particle can be arranged in the said degasser by size gradient.

In said system, water can be discharged said degasser, is substantially free of organic thing and escaping gas.Said vaporization chamber can comprise at least one epimere and a hypomere, and the horizontal section of said epimere can have bigger area than the horizontal section of said hypomere.Said vaporization chamber can comprise being connected between said epimere and said hypomere.Said connection can be substantially horizontal.Said vaporization chamber also can comprise can be positioned at said junction or the floss hole on it.Said vaporization chamber also can comprise the automatically cleaning medium that comprises a plurality of particles, the floss hole with opening, and said opening has does not allow the size of said particle through said floss hole, and said opening also has the shape not complementary with said shape of particle.Said vaporization chamber can comprise and be used for disturbing the automatically cleaning medium of assembling in the zone deposition that is right after the vaporization chamber thermal treatment zone at least.Said medium can comprise a plurality of particles.Said particle can be spherical basically.Said particle also can have through the boiling of water in the vaporization chamber characteristic of the said particle of continuous stirring basically.Said characteristic can be, for example, and proportion, size, form, colony's quantity etc.The hardness that said particle can have through selecting does not corrode said particle or said vaporization chamber basically so that said hardness is allowed through said particle erosion vaporization chamber.And said particle can be made up of pottery, metal, glass or stone.Said particle can have greater than about 1.0 and less than about 8.0, or the more preferably proportion between about 2.0 and about 5.0.Said vaporization chamber also can comprise the heating element heater that closes on said vaporization chamber bottom.It is outside that said heating element heater can be positioned at the vaporization chamber that closes on said vaporization chamber bottom, and said heating element heater can combine with said vaporization chamber.It is inner that said heating element heater also can be positioned at the vaporization chamber that closes on said vaporization chamber bottom.

Demister can be positioned at and be right after vaporization chamber upper surface place.Steam from vaporization chamber can be at entering demister under the pressure.Said demister can have pressure reduction, and said pressure reduction can be to be not less than 125 to about 2500Pa.Said demister can be suitable for separating clean steam through cyclogenesis from exhaust steam.Clean steam can be greater than about 10: 1 with the ratio of exhaust steam.Said control system customized parameter is with the adjustment steam quality.Steam quality can comprise, for example, and the ratio of clean steam purity, clean steam and exhaust steam etc.Said parameter can comprise at least one parameter, such as: the recessed position of clean steam outlet, the pressure reduction of crossing over demister, the flow resistance of steam inlet, the flow resistance of steam (vapor) outlet etc.Said system also can comprise the cooler that is used for the product condenser, and said cooler can comprise exhaust blower.Said product condenser can comprise coil pipe.Product water can pass through said product delivery outlet and discharge from said product condenser.Said system also can comprise the refuse condenser.Waste water can pass through said Waste outlet and discharge said refuse condenser.

Said system also can comprise the product water holding vessel.Said holding vessel can comprise at least one controlling organization.Said controlling organization can comprise, for example, and buoy, conductometer etc.Said control system also can comprise delay, so that at the beginning circulation time, in the period of delay of selecting, does not have steam to be directed to said product outlet.Can be at least about 10 to 30 minutes said period of delay.Said control system can have the mean residence time of water in vaporization chamber and be at least about 10 minutes.Alternatively, said control system can have the mean residence time of water in vaporization chamber and is at least about 45 minutes.Said control system also can comprise vaporization chamber flushing (flush), so that the water in the vaporization chamber is disposed to refuse rapidly, allows impurity and the sediment of removing gathering from said vaporization chamber.

Can said vaporization chamber be configured to restite ponding is retained in the bottom of said vaporization chamber so that when vaporization chamber washes.Between the starting period, the residual water of said system can be said degasser initial steam is provided in follow-up decontamination cycle.The present invention also comprises a kind of method of purifying waste water.A kind of like this method comprises the steps: to provide the inlet water source that comprises at least a first concentration pollutant; Said inlet water can be increased to said inlet water temperature in the preheater under the condition more than 90 ℃ through being in; Through being carried, said inlet water and back draught adverse current heat up in a steamer all basically organic matter, volatile matter and the gas in the said inlet water; Under the condition that can form steam, the water in the vaporization chamber is kept the mean residence time between 10 and 90 minutes; Steam is discharged into cyclone demister from vaporization chamber; In said demister, separate clean steam from the refuse that contains pollutant, so as the yield of clean steam recently from the yield of the refuse of said demister greatly at least about 4 times; The said clean steam of condensation comprises the purifying waste water of pollutant of at least a second concentration with generation, said first concentration of wherein said second concentration ratio is low.In the method, at least a pollutant comprises, for example, and microorganism, radionuclide, salt or organic matter.Said second concentration can be for example, to be not more than table 1, the concentration shown in 2 or 3; Said first concentration can be said second concentration at least about 10 times.Yet comparable said second concentration of said first concentration is greatly at least about 25 times.Said gas can be, for example, and steam, air, nitrogen etc.Process steps in the said method can repeat at least about 3 months in the time need not cleaning or safeguard automatically.Yet said process steps can repeat at least about 1 year in the time need not cleaning or safeguard automatically.

The accompanying drawing summary

Fig. 1 is the front view of water purification system embodiment.

Fig. 2 is the cross-section front view of water purification system embodiment.

Fig. 3 is the figure that shows the preheater details.

Fig. 4 is the figure that shows the degasser details.

Fig. 5 is the figure that shows the vaporization chamber details.

Fig. 6 is the figure that shows the cyclone demister details.

Fig. 7 is the control circuit figure of water purification system embodiment.

Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional view of exemplary deaerator apparatus.

Detailed Description Of The Invention

Embodiment of the present invention in some cases with exemplary forms or with reference to one or more accompanying drawings openly in this article.Yet any such specific embodiments open only is exemplary and be not indication four corner of the present invention.

Embodiment of the present invention comprise system, the method and apparatus that is used for the water purification.Preferred embodiment provides full automatic and need not clean for a long period of time or the water of the wide scope that the user gets involved purifies.For example, system disclosed herein can when not having the user to control or getting involved, move 2,4,6,8,10 12 months or the longer time.In preferred embodiments, said system can move 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 or 15 year automatically, or the longer time.

Therefore; Embodiment of the present invention provide a kind of following water purification system that comprises at least: inlet, preheater, degasser, vaporization chamber, demister, product condenser, Waste outlet, product export, reach the control system; The product water of wherein discharging said outlet is pure basically; And the volume of the product water that is wherein generated be the inlet water volume at least about 10,15 or 20%, and wherein said control system allows that said cleaning system carries out the repetitive cycling operation when need not the user and get involved.The volume of the product water that is generated in preferred embodiments, be the inlet water volume at least about 25,30,35,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,96,97,98 or 99% or more.Therefore, said system needs relative high cost or inconvenience to obtain inlet water and/or handles in the situation of waste water to have very big benefit therein.With regard to the product water of its per unit input water or waste water generation, said system is obviously more effective than many other systems.

In different embodiments; Basically pure water can be the water that meets arbitrary standards: for arbitrary pollutant, the purity of the water of purification is at least 25,30,35,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,85,90,95,100,125,150,175,200,250,500,750,1000 times or more times of inlet water purity.In other embodiments, for the multiple pollutant that exists in the inlet water, pure basically water is the water that purifies to above-mentioned a kind of level.Promptly; In these embodiments; Water purity or quality are that the function and the pure basically water of one group concentration of one or more pollutants is to have; For example, the water of following concentration ratio: in the inlet water in the concentration of these pollutants and the product water ratio of the concentration of same contaminant be 25 or bigger.

In other embodiments, water purity can be through conductivity measurement, and wherein ultra-pure water has the electrical conductivity less than about 1 μ Siemens usually, and distilled water has about 5 electrical conductivity usually.In such embodiment, the product electrical conductivity of water generally is between about 1 and 7, usually between about 2 and 6, preferably between between about 2 and 5, between 2 and 4 or between 2 and 3.Electrical conductivity is measuring of total dissolved solid (TDS) and for salt, ion, mineral etc., it is the good index of water purity.

Alternatively, water purity can be by various canonical measures, for example, and other the recognized standard of listing in listed existing EPA standard and the table 2 in table 1 and the table 2.Therefore; The preferred embodiments of the invention can reduce any one or more pollutant from all contaminations; Comprise, for example, any pollutant of listing in the table 1; Wherein have when being about 25 times such pollutant level of specific MCL at the most when inlet water, the end product glassware for drinking water has the such pollutant level that is equal to or less than specified level in the row that are labeled as " MCL ".In like manner; In certain embodiments and for some pollutant; When inlet water has 30-, 40-, 50-, 60-, 70-, 80-, 90-, 100-, 150-, 250-, 500-or 1000-doubly or during the pollution of higher multiple, pollutant can be removed to the MCL level by system of the present invention than MCL or product water.

Although the ability of pollutant is removed by any system from inlet water be the function of total impurities level in the inlet water to a certain extent; But system of the present invention is particularly well suited to from single feed vapors, remove various different classes of multiple different pollutants, generates to be equivalent to the water of distilled water and to be equivalent to ultra-pure water in some cases.Should note: " pending water " row contain the pollutant levels level of institute's water in the EPA test in the table 1.The preferred embodiment of water purification system of the present invention can be removed the primary pollutant of the amount more much bigger than amount shown in these row usually.Yet certainly, the pollutant level of those that correspondence is mentioned in " pending water " row equally also belongs to the limit of power of embodiment of the present invention.

Table 1

The pending water of metallic flat standard MCL

Aluminium Ppm 0.2 0.6

Antimony Ppm 0.006 0.1

Arsenic Ppm 0.01 0.1

Beryllium Ppm 0.004 0.1

Boron Ppb 20

Chromium Ppm 0.1 0.1

Copper Ppm 1.3 1.3

Iron Ppm 0.3 8

Plumbous Ppm 0.015 0.1

Manganese ppm 0.05 1

Mercury ppm 0.002 0.1

Molybdenum ppm 0.01

Nickel ppm 0.02

Silver ppm 0.1 0.2

Thallium ppm 0.002 0.01

Vanadium ppm 0.1

Zinc ppm 55

Total mixture subtotal 36.84

The pending water of the standard MCL of inorganic salts unit

Bromide ppm 0.5

Chloride ppm 250 350

Cyanide ppm 0.2 0.4

Fluoride ppm 48

Nitrate is in NO3 ppm 10 90

Nitrite is in N2 ppm 12

Sulfate ppm 250 350

Total mixture subtotal 800.9

The 4th group: 2 kinds of height volatility

VOC+2 kind non-volatile matter

Heptachlor (Heptachlor) ppm EPA525.2 0.0004 0.04

Tetrachloro-ethylene-PCE ppm EPA524.2 0.00006 0.02

Epoxychloropropane ppm 0.07 0.2

Pentachlorophenol ppm EPA515.4 0.001 0.1

Total mixture subtotal 0.36

The 5th group: 2 kinds of height volatility VOC+2 kinds

The pending water of the standard MCL of non-volatile matter unit

Carbon tetrachloride ppm EPA524.2 0.005 0.01

Between, right-xylenes ppm EPA524.2 10 20

Two (2-ethylhexyl) adipate ester ppm EPA525.2 0.4 0.8

Trichloroacetic acid ppm SM6251B 0.06 0.12

Total mixture subtotal 21.29

The 6th group: 3 kinds of height volatility VOC+3 kinds

The pending water of the standard MCL of non-volatile matter unit

Vinylidene chloride ppm 0.007 0.15

Ethylbenzene ppm EP524.2 0.7 1.5

Drinox (Aldrin) ppm EPA505 0.005 0.1

Dalapon (Dalapon) (2,2 ,-dichloropropionic acid) ppm EPA515.4 0.2 0.4

Carbofuran (furans red (Furadan)) ppm EPA531.2 0.04 0.1

2,4,5-TP (2,4,5-tears propionic acid (silvex)) ppm EPA515.4 0.05 0.1

Total mixture subtotal 2.35

The 7th group: 3 kinds of height volatility VOC+3 kinds

Standard MCL is pending in non-volatile matter unit

Water

Three-vinyl chloride-TCE ppm EPA524.2 0.005 0.1

Toluene ppm EPA524.2 12

1,2,4 trichloro-benzenes ppm EPA524.2 0.07 0.15

2，4-D ppm EPA515.4 0.07 0.15

Alachlor (Alanex) ppm EPA525.2 0.002 0.1

Simanex (Simazine) ppm EPA525.2 0.004 0.1

Total mixture subtotal 2.6

The 8th group: 3 kinds of height volatility VOC+3 kinds

The pending water of the standard MCL of non-volatile matter unit

Vinyl chloride (chloroethene) ppm EPA524.2 0.002 0.1

1, (1,2DCB) ppm EPA524.2 0.6 1 for the 2-dichloro-benzenes

Chlorobenzene ppm EPA524.2 0.1 0.2

Atrazine (Atrazine) ppm EPA 525.2 0.003 0.1

Endothall (Endothal) ppm EPA548.1 0.01 0.2

(Oxamyl) (Vydate) ppm EPA531.2 0.2 0.4 is killed in Europe

Total mixture subtotal 2

The 9th group: 3 kinds of height volatility VOC+3 kinds

The pending water of the standard MCL of non-volatile matter unit

Styrene ppm EPA524.2 0.1 1

Benzene ppm EPA524.2 0.005 0.2

EPA

Methoxychlor ppm 525.2/505 0.04 0.1

Glyphosate ppm EPA547 0.7 1.5

Bi Ke rots (Pichloram) ppm EPA515.4 0.5 1

1, (1,3DCB) ppm EPA524.2 0.075 0.15 for the 3-dichloro-benzenes

Total mixture subtotal 3.95

The 10th group: 3 kinds of height volatility VOC+3

Plant the pending water of the standard MCL of non-volatile matter unit

1,2-dichloropropane (DCP) ppm EPA524.2 0.005 0.1

Chloroform ppm EPA524.2 80 0.1

Bromomethane (methyl bromide) ppm EPA524.2 0.1

PCB 1242Arochlor ppb EPA 505 0.5 1

EPA

Niran (Chlordane) ppm 525.2/505 0.002 0.2

MEK-methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone) ppb EPA524.2 0.2

Total mixture subtotal 1.7

The 11st group: 4 kinds of non-waving of volatility VOC+5 kind

The pending water of the property the sent out standard MCL of PCB unit

2,4-DDE (dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene) ppm EPA525.2 0.1

Bromodichloromethane ppb EPA524.2 80 0.1

1,1,1-trichloroethanes (TCA) ppm EPA524.2 0.2 0.4

Bromofom ppm EPA524.2 80 0.1

PCB 1221Arochlor ppm EPA505 0.5 0.05

PCB 1260Arochlor ppm EPA505 0.5 0.05

PCB 1232Arochlor ppm EPA505 0.5 0.05

PCB 1254Arochlor ppm EPA505 0.5 0.05

PCB1016Arochlor ppm EPA 505 0.5 0.05

Total mixture subtotal 0.95

The 12nd group: 5 kinds of volatility VOC+5 kinds are non-

The pending water of the standard MCL of volatility PCB unit

Carrene (DCM)

METHYLENE CHLORIDE ppm EPA524.2 0.005 0.1

1,2-dichloroethanes ppm 0.005 0.1

Woods dawn (Lindaile) (γ BHC) ppm EPA525.2 0.0002 0.05

BaP ppm EPA525.2 0.0002 0.05

EPA

Endrin (Endrin) ppm 525.2/505 0.002 0.05

1,1,2-trichloroethanes (TCA) ppm EPA524.2 0.005 0.05

MTBE ppm EPA524.2 0.05

Bromofume-EDB ppm EPA504.1 0.00005 0.05

2-(1-methyl-n-pro-pyl)-4, the 6-dinitrophenol

(Dinoseb) ppm EPA515.4 0.007 0.05

Two (2-ethylhexyl) phthalic acid ester (DEHP) ppm EPA525.2 0.006 0.05

Total mixture subtotal 0.5

The 13rd group: all the other 6 kinds of pending water of the standard MCL of VOC unit

Chloromethanes (methyl chloride) ppm EPA524.2 0.1

Toxaphene (Toxaphene) ppm EPA505 0.003 0.1

Anti-form-1,2-dichloroethylene ppm EPA524.2 0.1 0.2

Two bromochloromethane ppm EPA524.2 80 0.05

Cis-1,2-dichloroethene ppm EPA524.2 0.07 0.05

1,2-two bromo-3-chloropropane ppm EPA504.1 0.0002 0.05

Total mixture subtotal 0.55

Can measure water purity and/or purifying property efficient according to the ability of removing all contaminations of system.For many biological pollutants, purpose is to remove whole basically lived pollutants.Table 2 has been listed the extra common pollutant at water source and has been used for the standard criterion of test contaminant level.Listed standard can obtain following by publicity pattern everywhere in the table 1 and 2: about the Hypertext Transfer Protocol www.epa.gov/safewater/mcl.html#mcls of common water pollutant; Measure the method for organic compound in the drinking water, EPA/600/4-88-039, in December, 1988, in July, 1991 revision.Method 547,550 and 550.1 is among the method-appendix I of organic compound in measuring drinking water, EPA/600-4-90-020, July nineteen ninety.Method 548.1,549.1,552.1 and 555 is among the method-appendix II of organic compound in measuring drinking water, EPA/600/R-92-129, in August, 1992.Method 502.2,504.1,505,506,507,508,508.1,515.2,524.2,525.2,531.1,551.1 and 552.2 is that EPA/600/R-95-131 is in 8 months nineteen ninety-fives among the method-appendix III of organic compound in measuring drinking water.The title of method 1613 is " through isotope-dilution HRGC/HRMS four-way eight chlorine dioxin (Tetra-through OctaChlorinated Dioxinsand Furans by Isotope-Dilution HEGC/HRMS) "; It is at EPA/821-B-94-005, in October, 1994.Each of said method all is incorporated herein with way of reference.

Table 2

Table 3-is used for the exemplary pollutant of system test

1MCIG=Cmax limit value instructs

2MFL=1,000,000 fibers/liter

3pCi/l=micromicro Curie/liter

4 kinds of undetectable basically biological pollutants

In preferred embodiments, entry switch is the solenoid that can start (opening) when showing that said system can receive the additional water that is used for purification process when receiving.Need more that this feedback of multiple entry water can comprise from each point in the said system, for example, the water level in the vaporization chamber, product holding vessel middle water level, get into degasser the preheating water temperature, leave temperature or the volume etc. of the steam of vaporization chamber.Equally, the various alternatives of solenoid type switch are that those skilled in the art can access, for example, valve, hole, crawling type tube compressor structure and seal, Piezoelectric switches etc.

Be connected with flow controller, optional said flow controller can be regulated the discharge that gets in the said system through changing pressure, and such pressure changes and can inform with signal the bigger demand of inlet water etc. through in said system, measuring.The flow-control that this is variable but not binary flow-control tolerable obtains some effect in said system.

Other control and feedback point can provide other benefit in the system automation function aspects; Comprise; For example, detect the water quality of any point in the said system, the water that detects any point in the said system or steam volume, detect the leakage that shows the system failure or temperature etc.Said system implementation scheme contains the combination of all these controls and control.These comprise that for example, control detects overflow, holding vessel capacity, vaporization chamber capacity etc.In each embodiment, feedback can be qualitatively and/or quantitative.These can comprise; For example; The discharge of the water yield in the water yield in the product water container, product water flow, water flows time, anhydrous flowing time, the vaporization chamber, leak detection, vaporization chamber pressure, output water quality (for example, the measurement of total dissolved solidss), the pressure reduction of crossing over other part in said vaporization chamber or the said system, leap vaporization chamber downflow weir buoy etc. through the product outlet.

When switching on and starting said system, said system can be arranged to control fully automatically in the whole basically length of life of said system.Said system comprises that various feedback mechanisms consequently do not need the user to get involved to avoid overflow and to regulate current, pressure, output and clean cycle under home, these controls are buoy horizontal detector, side float switch, timer, exhaust blower switch and the power meters in the vaporization chamber.

Shut down control and comprise Artificial Control, overflow control, it can be to be positioned at buoy or the moisture detector that closes on the system bottom that holds jar, tankage size control and vaporization chamber volume controlled.Except that providing binary (ON/OFF) to switch inlet water or other parameter control, said system also contains Variable Control, for example, and based on the flow-control of pressure or volume, pressure regulator etc.For example, in preferred embodiments, pressure regulator scalable inlet water pressure so as 0 and 250kPa between.In other embodiments, said pressure can be 10,20,30,40,50,75,100,125,150,175,200,225,275,300,350,400,450 or 500kPa or bigger.Pressure is regulated, and optional other parameter regulation that combines can reduce current volume and speed in the said system.For example, the pressure adjusting in conjunction with said system dimension can provide between 5 and 1000 ml/min or bigger flow rate.Although system described herein is primarily aimed at the aquatic product of relative small-scale and sets forth, the scalable aquatic product of said system to any volume.Therefore, the current volume does not have the upper limit.Yet the exemplary water flow rate comprises following scope: 10 to 500 ml/min, 20 to 400 ml/min, 30 to 300 ml/min, 40 to 200 ml/min, 50 to 150 ml/min, 60 to 125 ml/min, 70 to 100 ml/min, 80 to 90 ml/min etc.

Said system can also comprise that can from inlet water, remove sedimental sediment trap receives these sedimental too early foulings to avoid said system.Various sediment trap known in the art can be selected to be used for by system of the present invention.Likewise, get involved the demand that reaches cleaning for minimizing the user, sediment trap itself can have the automatically cleaning parts.For example, sediment trap can have rotary screen, wherein from silt up the rotation that is sieved to new sieve can be crossed over said device differential water pressures driving so that when sieve arrived the sedimental a certain saturation point of gathering, it can switch the sieve that not silted up by sediment.In certain embodiments, thus can place the circulation path of water deposit to be moved to waste path or floss hole with silting sieve up so that water can flow through said sieve with the opposite direction of the initial flow direction that flows through said sieve.Therefore, system disclosed herein contains application conventional and self-cleaning sediment trap.

The function that preheats of said water purification system preferably relates to economizer bank.Yet this function can be implemented with many different modes, condition be the result be flow into the water of said system can be under about 90 ℃ or higher temperature the arrival degasser.Therefore; The said function that preheats can be with many multi-form embodiments; Comprise; For example, cylindrical tube, helix tube, flat board or branched network, have the design at high proportion of surface area and inner volume any hollow-core construction, be convenient between said two tube chambers to pass through tube wall and carry out the coaxial tube chamber of the bigger or less tube chamber of heat exchange etc.

In preferred embodiments; Economizer bank passes said vaporization chamber or its contiguous passing through, and its be configured to make inlet water through the flow velocity of said economizer bank allow near its certain limit in said vaporization chamber or the vaporization chamber the time of staying and in being enough to economizer bank water temperature be increased to about 90 ℃ or higher.Decide according to system scale and the power system capacity that is used for the amount of passing through of water, the said function that preheats can be benefited from material and the structure that allows effective heat exchange.Alternatively, in certain embodiments, the availability of structure durability, space consideration, property easy to maintenance, material or expense and other factors can influence the design alternative of this aspect of the present invention.

In preferred embodiments, the said function that preheats is a stainless steel tube, although it has low relatively thermal conductivity, it has the character of useful durability.In such embodiment, have wall thickness for stainless steel tube provides, internal diameter and other character so as to improve thermal source with manage in heat exchanger effectiveness between water.In particularly preferred embodiments, said economizer bank is the coil pipe that passes vaporization chamber.Preferably; The orientation of said coil pipe is a level: get into said coil pipe and in vaporization chamber, roughly be in equal height with the water that leaves said coil pipe; And in said coil pipe, experience a series of risings through the water of said coil pipe is descending motion then, and this helps water and mixes with bubble also and can be avoided the air pocket coalescence.This coalescence of air pocket is not expected usually to a certain extent, but said air pocket interfere with water normally flows through the normal function that preheater gets into degasser and/or can disturb said degasser.Yet in certain embodiments, the degasser function can be enough firm in to bear from the big volume steam of inlet water and in such embodiment, do not need to consider especially the design that preheat function relevant with avoiding this coalescence.

In certain embodiments, said system can advantageously play a role under the for example high height above sea level of non-standard environmental condition.At high height above sea level place, water boiling point is lower than 100 ℃, and can produce the therefore said system of greater amount steam when therefore with normal speed vaporization chamber being implemented heating needs the more amount of passing through of a large amount.In such embodiment, obviously, pre-heating temperature also can be affected.If reduce the vaporization chamber temperature, can realize preheating to preferred temperature through allowing water longer time of staying in economizer bank, for example, have more volume under the flow velocity or under equating volume, have lower flow velocity being equal to through said pipe is configured to.Yet, because steam generation level raises in the vaporization chamber, therefore in most of embodiments, through flow velocity in the downward modulation economizer bank to obtain the favourable time of staying and the expectation pre-heating temperature is not favourable.This is to mean the higher inlet water demand that is accompanied by more greatly because produce rate of steam.

In the coaxial embodiment of economizer bank and another pipe, any high heat part of said system and the heat exchange between inlet water low in calories can take place therein.This heat exchange can the structure through coaxial district be confirmed and can be received the appreciable impact such as factors such as wall thickness, heat exchange material compositions.In preferred embodiments; Can realize the steam condensation through carrying out heat exchange with inlet water; Too much heat from exhaust steam or product vapor is transferred in the lower temperature inlet water, and this helps to preheat function and allows the time of staying shorter in the vaporization chamber in some cases and/or the water overall flow rate of the higher said system of process.In addition, another benefit of this heat exchange is to improve energy efficiency and reduce the too much heat of leaving in the said system entering surrounding environment.The alternative of co-axial alignment comprises the arbitrary conventional configuration with heat-exchange capacity; For example; The flat board that closes on: final, can and can make energy can realize the heat exchange effect and be regarded as embodiment of the present invention with high-temperature water or steam and the contiguous placement of water at low temperature from arbitrary configuration that high-temperature water is passed to low temperature.

The crucial factor of degasser performance is a mass transfer ratio: the ratio of descending quality and rising quality of steam in the vertical degasser.In fact, can use the various structures of water and gas generation mass transfer adverse current that make to accomplish degassing function.In certain embodiments, said gas is steam; In other embodiments, said gas can be air, nitrogen etc.The speed of water and vapor mixing and activity are the size, configuration and the filler that receive degasser post medium and the influence of the voidage between said insulating particles.In preferred embodiments, fill insulating particles to form spiral.The degasser performance receives steam and the speed of water and the influence of volume through wherein; These can be through such as the control of factors such as the size of steam inlet and outlet opening, flow rate.It incorporates the Williams of this paper in full into way of reference; The Robert TheGeometrical Foundation of Natural Structure:A Source Book of Design (foundation of geometry of natural structure: the firsthand information of design); New York: the Dover, 1979 provide the useful information about degasser function and design.

Therefore, control inlet water flow velocity, avoid occurring in the economizer bank big steam bubble etc. and can help to move effectively said degasser.When these parameters are not in expected range, in the degasser overflow or injection can take place.Inlet water overflow meeting in degasser, forms the water plug and injection can make water penetrate from said degasser with steam, and any of two kinds of situations all can influence the degasser performance.Therefore, be intended to can minimize overflow and injection and have water flow into the steam outflow between the zone of well balanced in operate.The degasser particular importance of embodiment of the present invention, reason be it unlike many conventional degassers equally strictness remove a kind of pollutant and design.On the contrary, it can remove all contaminations very effectively.Inlet water contains therein, and for example, in the typical situation of 1ppm pollutant, said process is intended to realize said pollutant is reduced to 50,40,10,5,2 or 1ppb.

According to the throughput of system of expectation and other design alternative of having done according to the implementation system design factor, vaporization chamber can have arbitrary size and structure basically.For example, said vaporization chamber can have about 1 gallon or 2 to 10 gallons, 11 to 100 gallons, 101 to 1000 gallons or bigger volume capacity.Because system of the present invention can upgrade fully, therefore said vaporization chamber vary in size also can be selected as required.Equally, the structure of vaporization chamber can change with the need.For example, said vaporization chamber can be cylindrical, spherical, rectangle or any other shape.

In preferred embodiments, the bottom of vaporization chamber is stepped and have more long-pending than the top small cross section of said vaporization chamber.When preferably floss hole is with convenient draining above said ladder residual water still be retained in said ladder below.The vaporization chamber part that is lower than said ladder also can be held cleaning medium so that after draining, and all cleaning mediums and some residual water can remain on the bottom.The benefit of said bottom is that heat can put on said vaporization chamber once more after discharging rapidly from vaporization chamber, and this helps before first new inlet water gets into vaporization chamber, producing rapidly steam.Should initial generate steam and allow that vapor stream is crossed degasser and realize stable state that this helped effectively inlet water being outgased at the new circulation time of beginning.Equally, quantity of residual can be avoided said vaporization chamber dry heat in the vaporization chamber, and this can cause adverse effect to the durability and the stability of said vaporization chamber self and automatically cleaning medium.

In certain embodiments, vaporization chamber is only through gravity drainage, and in other embodiments, the vaporization chamber draining is driven by pumping action.Be ideally, vaporization chamber rapidly draining to avoid deposit, salt and other particle deposition.Draining preferably continues about less than 30 seconds rapidly, though draining still can realize avoiding deposition to wait the expectation benefit basically a little lentamente.

Optional from many suitable alternatives any of automatically cleaning medium.These alternatives comprise glass or ceramic bead or ball, stone, have composite structure one of any in the different shape etc.In each situation; Should select the character of automatically cleaning medium so that pass through to understand when boiling water stirs each particle of dislocation automatically cleaning medium; But this dislocation can receive the inhibition of the physical property of automatically cleaning medium, thereby causes each particle to fall into vaporization chamber bottom, the said vaporization chamber of bump once more to remove any deposition or incrustation scale.For example, has relative high specific gravity but automatically cleaning medium with relative low surface area and volume ratio can play a role with the roughly suitable mode of the second automatically cleaning medium that has relative low-gravity but have relative high surface and a volume ratio.In each situation, those skilled in the art can select the combination of morphology and composition to realize expected result.In certain embodiments, can adopt alternative self cleaning method, for example, application of ultrasonic energy.

The another consideration factor of design alternative automatically cleaning medium is its hardness.Generally speaking, said hardness should be roughly suitable with contained material hardness in the vaporization chamber.This can continue for a long time to use the automatically cleaning medium and can not cause obvious abrasion to the wall or the bottom surface of said medium or said vaporization chamber.Some wherein the heating element heater of vaporization chamber be arranged in the inner embodiment of said vaporization chamber, hardness and other character that can select the automatically cleaning medium are to avoid that said heating element heater and vaporization chamber self are caused abrasion and/or other infringement.

Owing to the self-cleaning function that is provided by vaporization chamber structure and vaporization chamber cleaning medium, so the system of embodiment of the present invention does not need cleaning in its normal length of life.In certain embodiments, 2,3,4,5 or 6 months in do not need to clean.In other embodiments, 9,12,18,24,30 or 36 months in do not need to clean, in other embodiments, in 4,5,6,7,8,9,10 years or longer time, do not need to clean.

Said heating element heater can be positioned under vaporization chamber, the vaporization chamber, or can form an integral body with vaporization chamber.For example, in preferred embodiments, said heating element heater is positioned under the vaporization chamber and it passes through, and for example, brazing is bonded to said vaporization chamber bottom.The method of attachment of heater and vaporization chamber can influence the cleaning and the stirring of automatically cleaning medium, and the efficient of said system.Brazing roughly is equivalent to welding, is that a kind of different metal that makes forms the process that alloy combines, and this allows the two close contact and conducts heat to vaporization chamber from heating element heater.In preferred embodiments, level board is formed on heating element heater and vaporization chamber bottom, and it preferably can be used for the heat transfer for water, and is preferred for self-cleaning function.

The time of staying of water in vaporization chamber can be according to the expected performance of inlet water character and system and in a scope, changes.Can pass through various factors, comprise in the input water whether containing biological pollutant, confirm said optimum range.Remove biological pollutant effectively and possibly in vaporization chamber, be exposed to the variable time under the high temperature.Some biological pollutant can receive high heat affecting quickly than other.In many embodiments, short reach time of staying of 10 minutes and be enough to kill most of biological pollutant.In other embodiments, can expect the longer time of staying so that eliminate various biological pollutants more up hill and dale.The higher limit of time of staying scope is usually by the product water expectation generating rate relevant efficiency factor decision suitable with under boiling temperature, keeping selective body ponding institute energy requirement in the vaporization chamber.Therefore, the time of staying can arrive boiling point with water and form the required shortest time of steam and generally be as short as the time point that can help removing biological pollutant in the vaporization chamber, for example 10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45 minutes etc.And, can select more long residence time in certain embodiments, for example 50,60,70,80 and 90 minutes or longer time.

The steam of discharging vaporization chamber does not generally conform to particulate, deposit and other pollutant.Yet wallop can make some pollutant be carried in the vapor phase, for example forms on the droplet surface of mist in air interface place.Demister capable of using separates clean steam from this mist that is loaded with pollutant.Various demisters are known by those skilled in the art, comprise those adopt persons such as sieves, baffle plate with according to size and mobility from those of mist separate vapour.Preferred demister is from those of mist separate vapour according to density contrast utilization cyclogenesis.The cyclone separator operation principle is under at a high speed, fluid or gas to be moved with the radial motion mode, and the component of said fluid or gas is applied centrifugal force.Conventional cyclone separator has the conical portion that can help angular acceleration in some cases.Yet in preferred embodiments, used cyclonic separation demister does not have conical portion and puts down basically in the said system.The key parameter of control cyclone separator separative efficiency is the steam inlet size, is used for clean steam and two outlet sizes that are loaded with the mist of pollutant, and the pressure reduction between the entrance point and the port of export.

Demister is usually located in the vaporization chamber or on it, allows that steam spontaneous evaporation chamber gets into demister through the ingate.The steam that gets into demister through this hole has initial velocity, and it is pressure reduction and the function of said hole structure between vaporization chamber and demister basically.Usually, the pressure reduction of crossing over said demister is that about 0.5 to 10 inches of water(in H-Yue 125 is to 2500Pa.The ingate generally is designed to can obvious resistance be provided to the steam that gets into cyclone separator.Through it is passed through, for example, come further to quicken steam then than obvious narrower acceleration hole, ingate.Under at a high speed, have than the clean steam of the much lower relatively density of mist and shift to the cyclone separator center, said mist is shifted to periphery simultaneously.The clean steam outlet that is positioned at the cyclone separator center provides discharge point for clean steam, is positioned near the mist outlet of cyclone separator periphery simultaneously mist is flowed out from said demister.Clean steam gets into condenser simultaneously with the mist refuse that leads through demister.In typical operation, clean steam and mist ratio are at least about 2: 1; It more often is 3: 1,4: 1,5: 1 or 6: 1; Be preferably 7: 1,8: 1,9: 1 or 10: 1, and most preferably greater than 10: 1.Can regulate the demister selectivity according to some factors, comprise, for example, the structure of the position of clean steam outlet and size, the pressure reduction of crossing over demister and demister and size etc.The title that is provided in proposing on July 6th, 2005, to ask about the out of Memory of demister design is that it is incorporated herein with way of reference in full in the U.S. Provisional Patent Application number 60/697107 of IMPROVED CYCLONEDEMISTER (improved cyclone separator demister).Demister disclosed herein can be removed very effectively and contain other pollutant of submicron level.On the contrary, the demister of other design, for example, and sieve type and Flapper type demister, efficient is much lower removing aspect other pollutant of submicron level.

Product vapor and exhaust steam be condensation in said system usually.Too much heat can be passed through fin, exhaust blower, heat exchanger or heat pipe and scatter and disappear.About be used for heat autocondensation steam be transferred to the U.S. Provisional Patent Application case that title that the discussion of the heat pipe of inlet water is provided in to file an application on October 14th, 2005 is ENERGY-EFFCIENT DISTILLATION SYSTEM (Distallation systm of Energy Efficient)-/------number (attorney docket SYLVAN.010A), it is incorporated herein with way of reference in full.

For example, be condensed into the product outlet of product vapor guiding or the holding vessel of purifying waste water.Holding vessel can have corrosion-resistant and any suitable composition oxidation.The preferred composition that is used for holding vessel comprises stainless steel, comprises polyacrylic plastics etc.In certain embodiments, said holding vessel comprises the control that can avoid overflow and/or sensed water level.Such control can reduce the inlet water flow and/or weaken other function of said system so that therefore the production of product water meets the requirements.Although the product water of entering holding vessel cleans and be aseptic basically very much, optional cleaning/sterilizing function possibly is provided, in said holding vessel in case the external contamination thing gets in said jar and damages its cleannes.

Can have various FEEDBACK CONTROL in the said holding vessel for The whole control system.In preferred embodiments, these controls can comprise the feedback float switch of control inlet water flow, and the conductometer that detects the solid that dissolves in the product water.In typical operation, the solid that dissolves in the product water can lack in the extreme.Yet if pollutant passes through, for example, rodent or insect are deposited in the holding vessel, and the pollution that produces can increase electrical conductivity of water.Said conductometer can detect a kind of like this rising of electrical conductivity and provide maybe be for the feasible indication of steam sterilizing circulation that starts said holding vessel.Said control system possibly have following ability: from the holding vessel draining, the steam of in said holding vessel, carrying continuous batch restarts the water decontamination cycle then with the cleaning and the said holding vessel of sterilizing.In each embodiment of the present invention, these operations can be controlled with manual type control or with automated manner.

Can water be delivered to outlet from holding vessel, for example, tap, and this sends and can transmit through gravity and/or pump.In preferred embodiments, said pump be keep constant pressure in the exit should need pump so that abundant and consistent from the discharge that exports.The outlet pump can be through the sensor in holding vessel control to avoid the dry running of said pump when the said jar of middle water level subcritical level.

The exemplary water cleaning system

Following discussion is with reference to the architectural feature of the exemplary water cleaning system of embodiment of the present invention.Ref. No. corresponding to describe among Fig. 1 to 6 those.

In operation, cleaning system 10 comprises the inlet 20 that is connected with inlet water pipe 22, and water process inlet water pipe 22 is from the 20 arrival entry switches 24 that enter the mouth.Said entry switch 24 can come the various possible feedback sources of Self Control system to control through one or more.In the embodiment of being described, switch 24 is the solenoids that open or close according to the feedback feedback of vaporization chamber 50 middle water levels (mainly based on) of coming Self Control system 120.Entry switch 24 comprises that sediment trap 25 silts up to avoid system 10 to be deposited thing.What close on entry switch 24 is flow regulator 26.Flow regulator 26 can through control water pressure regulate flow, generally keep water pressure between 0 and 250kPa between.

Water delivery flow adjuster 26 and get into preheater feed pipe 28, it is delivered to water in the preheater 30.Randomly, can be at inlet 20, switch 24 and inlet water pipe 22, flow regulator 26, and prefilter is settled in one or more position that preheats between the feed pipe 28.Water gets into preheater 30 at inlet 32 places, through coil pipe 34, and leaves said preheater at outlet 36 places.With coil pipe 34 directed be the substantial horizontal orientation so that make water net flow through coil pipe 34; Water comprises a plurality of paths through said horizontal plane through the Actual path of coil pipe 34 simultaneously, comprises rising and the top of descent waterflow and coil pipe 34 each circle and the horizontal current of bottom through coil pipe 34.It is believed that but the water that makes hot water can keep expectation simultaneously through directed in this way coil pipe preheating water mixes, this can be avoided forming air pocket or big steam bubble.In preferred embodiments, preheater is located substantially in the vaporization chamber 50, and preferably locatees with the vaporization chamber part close proximity mode that contacts with heating element heater 56.

The water that leaves preheater 30 at outlet 36 places gets into preheating water pipe 38 and arrives degasser 40 through it.When water left from preheater 30, water was at least about 96 ℃, was preferably about 97,98 or 99 ℃ or higher.Preferably, degasser 30 is in the direction of perpendicular.Perpendicular mean in preferred embodiments and plummet or true vertical direction between difference in 0 to 5 degree.In other embodiments, perpendicular can mean the difference of about 5 to 20 degree.In other embodiments, perpendicular can mean the difference of about 20 to 45 degree.The configuration of degasser 40 is generally cylindrical, preferably has the bigger height of diameter group.Therefore, preheating water gets into the degasser 40 that closes on degasser top 42 and discharges the degasser 40 of contiguous degasser bottom 44, gets into vaporization chamber 50 thus." vicinity " means herein or near it, and for example water gets into top 42 " vicinity " point and can refer to that water directly gets into perhaps at 42 places, top or through it and possibly indicate water more getting in degasser 40 zones near top 42 than bottom 44 basically.

Water places under the type of flow that contacts closely with degasser medium 45 through the path Jiang Shui of vertical orientated degasser 40 downwards.In preferred embodiments, the degasser medium comprises spheroidal particle.Said spheroidal particle is glass preferably.In alternative embodiment, said particle can have different form and/or can right and wrong spherical and/or irregularly shaped.Title below is in the part of DEGASSERAPPARATUS (deaerator apparatus), and this paper provides the more specifically argumentation about various degassers improvement and configuration.

The degasser 40 and the vertical lifting that get into adjacent bottom 44 from the steam of vaporization chamber 50 contacts with medium 45 to export the degasser of 46 discharge adjacent tops 42 through deaerator steam.Water flows downward and meets and stripping goes out all gas and organic matter basically through degasser 40 and the steam through degasser medium 45 of rising.The obvious non-linear adverse current of sinking to preheating the steam of water and 45 risings of process degasser medium helps removing volatile compound and reaches the compound that all is gas form basically.Advantageously and unexpectedly, these degasser 40 structures and function also tolerable remove the Central Plains of anhydrating and originally be very difficult to the organic pollution removed.For example, isopropyl alcohol can be removed by said system in water, and for most of system, isopropyl alcohol is a kind of pollutant of removing of being difficult to especially, because the similitude of its character and aqueous nature.

The steam that leaves degasser 40 through steam (vapor) outlet 46 gets into refuse condenser 48, and its condensation therein also flows into refuse.In alternative embodiment; Through carrying out all or part of function that heat exchange can be implemented refuse condenser 48, will exchange with the preheating inlet water from the heat of degasser exhaust steam with said effect with arbitrary part of inlet tube 22, preheater feed pipe 28 or preheater 30.This exchange heat has dual benefits: consume from the excessive heat of system 10 in case this heat can radiation to system 10 local environment, and through before the degassing, providing energy to raise the efficiency to preheating inlet water.Said heat exchange configuration can comprise various heat exchange methods.In some preferred embodiment, can accomplish heat exchange through coaxial directed exhaust steam pipe and economizer bank.

The bottom 44 of the contiguous degasser 40 of the water of the degassing is discharged in the vaporization chamber 50.Vaporization chamber 50 preferably includes at least two parts: epimere 52 and hypomere 53.Said part is 54 connections in the part junction.In preferred embodiments, vaporization chamber 50 generally is cylindrical, and epimere 52 has larger diameter than hypomere 53.In certain embodiments, partly connecting 54 is level basically; And in other embodiments, it can have tilted alignment.At 55 places, bottom of hypomere 53, and what contact closely with it is vaporization chamber heating element heater 56.In the junction 54 or be vaporization chamber floss hole 60 near it.

Be also contained within the vaporization chamber 50 is vaporization chamber cleaning medium 58.In preferred embodiments, vaporization chamber cleaning medium 58 is crowds of spherical basically ceramic particle 59.Even size and density that particle 59 has a selection also can remain on when boiling water stirs near 50 ends of vaporization chamber adjacent 55 receiving to allow particle 59, have simultaneously and be convenient to the character that wallop stirs particle 59, for example, size and density.Equally, vaporization chamber particle 59 preferably also has and allows that lasting wearing and tearing bottom 55 can not cause the hardness of harmful degraded simultaneously to particle 59 or bottom 55.When operation, wallop stirs particle 59, it is raise get in the boiling water.When particle 59 received the wallop stirring and raises, it can fall after a while, hit the vaporization chamber bottom.This continuous rising, landing and strike effect can be washed away vaporization chamber 50 bottoms 55 and then prevented incrustation scale or other deposit formation.

Be positioned at vaporization chamber segmentation junction 54 or on it person be vaporization chamber floss hole 60.Vaporization chamber floss hole 60 be preferably placed on junction 54 or its so that during draining vaporization chamber 50 be in the clean cycle, water is from epimere 52 but not discharge from hypomere 53.After a draining circulation, hypomere 53 contains vaporization chamber cleaning medium 58 and vaporization chamber water.This provides enough water to generate steam basically immediately at another circulation time of beginning, and said steam can rise and get in the degasser 40.The structure of vaporization chamber floss hole 60 preferably has enough inside dimensions so that very rapidly draining of vaporization chamber 50, and this can be avoided the deposit deposition.And vaporization chamber floss hole 60 preferably has opening, and it is configured to particle 59 shapes of vaporization chamber cleaning medium 58 not complementary.The noncomplementation of this design can the chamber of avoiding evaporating cleaning particle 59 and vaporization chamber floss hole 60 hinged and disturb normal draining.

The discharge of selection entering vaporization chamber 50 and/or vaporization chamber volume are so that water has about 45 minutes mean residence time in vaporization chamber 50.Thereby such time of staying can be killed the arbitrary biological pollutant in the water greater than the boiling sterilization time of generally acknowledging.Vaporization chamber 50 also comprises evaporation chamber cap 61.Vaporization chamber steam (vapor) outlet 62 in the evaporation chamber cap 61 is allowed steam discharge vaporization chamber 50 and is got into demister 70.Leave steam that vaporization chamber gets into demister and be substantially free of gas, volatile matter and organic matter-through degasser 40-and be substantially free of deposit, particulate, organism, mineral matter etc. equally, condition be basically all these pollutants be retained in the liquid water of vaporization chamber 50 but not be retained in the steam that leaves vaporization chamber 50.Yet such steam can contain through wallop and carries the small amounts of contamination in the vapor phase.Therefore, leave the steam that vaporization chamber 50 gets into demisters 70 and need separate into clean steam and the mist that contains pollutant.

Demister 70 is with the cyclone separator operate.Steam gets into demister 70 via demister inlet 72.Steam flows out through demister hole 74 from demister inlet 72 and gets in the demister cyclone separator cavity 75.Cyclone separator cavity 75 is cylindrical basically and can selects the shape and the steam arrival cyclone separator cavity 75 peripheries and then the generation cyclone separator effect under high speed that are orientated with guiding entering hole 74 in demister hole 74.Steam at a high speed down can realized separating based on the density contrast of clean steam and the mist of pollution around the axle rotation of cyclone separator cavity 75.The clean steam of less density is compelled to be shifted to cyclone separator cavity 75 centers and discharges cyclone separator cavity 75 through demister clean steam outlet 76.The clean steam of discharging said outlet 76 flows into clean steam outlet 78, and the mist that pollutes is simultaneously discharged cyclone separator cavity 75 via demister Waste outlet 80.

Clean steam flows in the product condenser 90 from outlet 78.In preferred embodiments, the product condenser comprises that the coil pipe with selected size and composition is to allow effective heat exchange.Condenser exhaust blower 94 cooled product condenser coils 90 and refuse condenser coil 48.The clean steam of condensation forms product water and via in the product pipe 96 guiding holding vessels 100.Along product pipe 96 location are triple valves 98.In operation, triple valve 98 can with product water lead refuse or the guiding holding vessel 100.

In typical decontamination circulation, vaporization chamber 50 heat up and fill between elementary period-moving fully said system preheat and the function that outgases before-beginning a few minutes of Xin circulation relate in preheater 30 and degasser 40 and heating up.Finally, said system arrives the pre-heating temperature and the vapour volume of allowing effective degassing.Therefore, between the decontamination cycle temperature raising period, before the degassing in full force and effect, the steam of discharging vaporization chamber 50 can receive residual volatile matter and organic pollution.For avoiding these pollutants to get in holding vessels 100, the steam that in preceding 20 minutes of said circulation, gets into demister cleaning steam outlet pipe 78 and in product condenser 90, be condensed into water is diverted to refuse through triple valve 98.After system heated up 20 minutes, preheater 30 moved with degasser 40 fully, and the clean steam of leaving demister is substantially free of volatile matter and organic matter, and triple valve switches to the product water of allowing collection entering holding vessel 100.When water not when holding vessel 100 takes out, said system can be in about 24 hours in the time beginning to start circulation be full of water until jar.If water is consuming, then said system can produce about 2.5 gallons waters in about 10 hours.Holding vessel 100 has 6 gallons of available volume.Although do not need the user to get involved and clean, when this cleaning of needs, the steam sterilizing circulation can be selected for the user provides really by said system in collecting tank 100.

Said system also is included in outlet 104 places and keeps product water and be in the product pump 102 under the substantial constant pressure.User's interface plate 110 comprises that the LED of said system shows open/close state and various optional Artificial Control (if needs).

Control circuit

Should discuss with reference to Fig. 7 is auxiliary.When main power switch was switched on, said control circuit was measured through the float switch in said jar and is held a jar middle water level state.If the definite additional water in the jar that hold, its startup water decontamination procedure of needing of said control system.

During the water decontamination cycle, control circuit cuts out the vaporization chamber draining valve, opens the inlet water valve, and connects " processing " lamp, vaporization chamber heating element heater, hour counter and cooling, air discharging machine.Said control circuit is also monitored the vaporization chamber middle water level through float switch, and regulates the flow that gets into water as required.Flow-rate adjustment is accepted the solenoid from float switch feedback in the vaporization chamber through entry switch, controls.As security features, control circuit also can be monitored the temperature of heater and vaporization chamber and can cut off heater power source when needed.

After the heat-staple predetermined space of system was preferably 20 minutes, automatically will purify waste water output stream of said control circuit switched to from bypass mode and holds jar.When control circuit confirmed said hold jar and be full of after, the self-cleaning function that it is closed the water decontamination procedure and starts said system.

For example, the control circuit of said system continues the state that water in the jar is held in monitoring, via the quantity of float switch and via the quality of electrical conductivity the two.If the water quality degenerates, then said control circuit sends the signal that illuminates warning lamp.If the water yield is low, then said control circuit begins treatment and purification water automatically as stated to replenish the said jar that holds.

Said control circuit also can keep water is sent the inspection of pump, and can cross low thereby close said pumping source reliably during supplying pure water an overload or a jar middle water level occurring.At last, said control circuit also can be monitored the water leakage of said system through the float switch in the chassis that holds said system.This switch starts when in said dish, assembling remarkable amount of water, and said in this case control circuit can cut out whole system because leak.

Embodiment 1

Remove non-volatile or volatile organic matter in the degasser

As the proof of the degasser usefulness in the embodiment according to the invention, use the isopropyl alcohol in the input water to test.Said system is implemented energising to realize that said degasser moves fully: said system is heated up so that realize preheat function and the steam spontaneous evaporation chamber of steady state volumes is sent in the degasser.The existence that the input water sample that will contain the 4ppm isopropyl alcohol leads in the said system and quantitative test comes isopropyl alcohol in the product water of sample since then subsequently.Record and reduce about 100 times: isopropyl alcohol concentration is about 40ppb in the output water.

Embodiment 2

Remove biological pollutant

Because total coli group can relatively easily be cultivated in the laboratory, so this bacterium is as the main bacterial indicator of pathogenic organisms existence.The coliform bacterium is not (can the cause disease) biology that causes a disease, and it only has low-grade infection property.Reason for this reason, these bacteriums can be operated in the laboratory comparatively safely.If in water, find a large amount of coliforms, then very possiblely be, possibly there are other malignant bacteria or biology, for example, Giardia (Giardia) and latent sporozoite Eimeria (Cryptosporidium).Test public drinking water and do not have total coliform to prove in per 100 milliliters of drinking water.The approval test of total coliform bacterium comprises membrane filtration, multitube fermentation, MPN and MMO-MUG (" Colilert ") method.Membrane filtering method uses the millipore filter that can hold back bacterium.Said filter placed the culture dish on the pad with growth rich medium (mEndo) and cultivated 24 hours down at 35 ℃.Use said filter to collect independent bacterial cell growth Chengqiu's shape bacterium colony.Said coliform bacterium has fairy green gloss and directly counts from said culture dish.Because some other bacterium can form similar color, need to implement to use the confirmation test of culture medium more specifically.Said confirmation test program needs other 24 to 48 hours to accomplish the test to the total coliform test of probable positive.

Cultivate the inlet water sample to detect existing of coliform bacterium.Cultivate 100 milliliters of water samples and detect the coliform bacterium colony.In system described herein, handle said inlet water, and cultivate corresponding test with 100 milliliters of product waters.Do not detect the coliform bacterium colony, show that product water does not contain biological pollutant.

Deaerator apparatus details and alternative

Usually get into water through heating and obtain de aerated water with the vapour pressure of rising volatile compound.When each compound boiling point, the solubility of institute's dissolved gas reduce to 0 and said subsequently gas can from water, discharge.For example, the many volatile materials that are found in the drinking water are chlorinated compounds, and said chlorinated compound has very large dividing potential drop usually under the temperature that fully is lower than water boiling point.Therefore, many these materials can be removed from water to implement suitable must the degassing through heating water to about 200 to 210 ℉ (93 to 99 ℃).Yet, said material can be not immediately leaving water fully; Therefore, need the regular hour to remove dissolved gases fully.

A difficult point of previous degasser design (for example, used water purification system in the domestic. applications) is that it is less to the time of staying control that adds hot water in the degasser.Therefore, when excessive volatile materials is present in when getting in the water, possibly not provide enough time of staying to realize the degassing of all volatile materials.In addition, many degassers are having pressure when control operation, and when water vapour is to select to be used to implement the volatile components mass transfer so that it is discharged the medium of said system, this can cause the excessive water vapour losses.

Another problem of degasser design is an adjustable.Though the large scale industry degasser can remarkable pressure fall and the situation of big volume of liquid and gas under operation with carry out effectively mass transfer and and then outgas, small-sized degasser can not be scaled well and its when day being lower than 10 gallons through amount, to operate be a challenge.

What need is compact degasser more, and it is allowed extra dwell time and also can limit the exhaust steam amount of using in point or the inlet point system.

In certain embodiments, a kind of degasser with concentric particle layer is provided, wherein the internal layer particle is set between said particle, to form relatively little interval, and its ectomesoderm particle is set between said particle, to form big relatively interval.In each embodiment, said particle appears random in degasser and filling structure.Said particle can be by processing such as metal, glass and plastic or other material.Said degasser can have water inlet at the top.Said degasser can have the exhaust steam outlet at the top, and has heating steam import and water out in the bottom.

In certain embodiments; A kind of deaerator apparatus with the container that can hold concentric particle layer is provided; Wherein the internal layer particle be set between said particle, to form closely-spaced, during wherein the intermediate layer particle is set between said particle to form uniformly-spaced and wherein outer particle be set to and can between said particle, form large-spacing.Uniformly-spaced can make the water vapour in the said system begin to come out in said from vapor condensation, thereby and said closely-spaced enough little this process that makes can carry out so that water vapour changes into aqueous water continuously.

In other embodiments, periphery has steam inlet in the bottom of said container for said degasser container.Steam inlet allows that heating gets into container and the inboard periphery of heat de-airing device in periphery from the steam of boiling-house.Said container has the steam (vapor) outlet that exhaust steam is wherein discharged said system at said container top.Said container has water inlet at said container top.Said container has treated water outlet at said container bottom.For example, said delivery port is the center that is positioned at said container bottom.Be full of particle in the said container.In certain embodiments, particle and every kind that three kinds of sizes is arranged the both particle of sizing is to be positioned at concentric zone: therefore, in such embodiment, 3 concentric zones are arranged, have a kind of set sized particles separately.In preferred embodiments, said particle is a bead.In a more preferred embodiment, the particle of three kinds of sizes is arranged, wherein the full-size particle is in the outermost area of said container and the minimum dimension particle is in the innermost area of said container.In most preferred embodiment, in said container, there are outermost area or layer with 8 millimeters beades, have the mesozone or the layer of 6 millimeters beades and have the center or the layer of 4 millimeters beades.In certain embodiments, said pearl is to be processed by soda-lime glass.In such embodiment, 20 3 millimeters pearls can heavily about 0.7 gram, and 20 4 millimeters pearls can heavily about 1.8 grams, 20 6 millimeters pearls can heavily about 5.7 grams and 20 8 millimeters pearls can heavily about 14.4 grams.

Some embodiment comprises compact more effective degasser.Said degasser preferably adopts has the concentric layer that changes porosity so that in allowing the degasser that steam passes through, form a zone, and forms another zone that promotes the water vapour condensation.Said degasser comprises the particle that is positioned at said degasser inboard, and it increases surface area for said degasser is inboard, thereby allows the more long residence time of water to be clean.

In certain embodiments, the porosity of said system realizes through the different size particle.In these embodiments, particle has big relatively size so that the steam of heating can more easily pass through vapour source in the skin, and for example, vaporization chamber gets into and the process degasser.This heating steam from vaporization chamber also can be used as insulator to keep said internal system temperature near boiling point.Outer large-size particle inside is the medium size particle layer.This medium size particle layer provides the enough permeability and the long time of staying, allows that the volatile materials of higher percentage is outgased.This medium size micropore and particle layer more possibly make water from the steam condensation, and reason is to have less interval between said particle.Interior layer comprises the reduced size particle, so that said micropore can farthest be full of de aerated water, it flows by gravitational force in the vaporization chamber.

Fig. 8 explains the notion of typical degasser unit 210.In preferred embodiments, entering water or other liquid to be de-gassed pass through said degasser overhead stream through import 220.Preferably, the water of intensification or heating entering.Water can freely flow through wherein being filled with the degasser of a series of particles.Preferably, said particle is a bead.Steam via from vaporization chamber further heats entering water in degasser.External particles 230 is bigger than intermediate layer particle 240, and intermediate layer particle 240 is bigger than internal layer particle 250.Said pearl is allowed more substantial escaping gas stripping from water for the surface area of the central shaft increase of degasser.Than macroparticle district 250 is provided; Can in degasser, add the steam of heating quickly and effectively through it; And medium in degasser, providing with particle reduced size distinguishes 230 and 240; Wherein through the condensable one-tenth liquid form of stripped vapor and discharge degasser, for example, get in the vaporization chamber equipment that is preferably placed at said degasser below.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that: numbering 230,240 and 250 can be indicated said particle self or hole district, and it is formed by the particle interbody spacer in the embodiment of being described.

Steam 270 is added in the degasser, mainly is in order to add heat to said system.All gases can pass through outlet 280 and discharge said system, said outlet be preferably placed at top, said unit or near.Because the degasser that can cause condensed steam to be got back in the water partly is the part that has than the small-particle interbody spacer; And because this part is to be positioned at said degasser center; Therefore said arrangement can make vapor recycle and heat said degasser outside, and said steam can and be discharged in the next part in the condensation of said degasser core.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that: can change the different size particle and the position of same district not.For example, in certain embodiments, be to be positioned at said degasser periphery than small-particle, medium particle is positioned at inside and is positioned at the center than macroparticle.In addition, said middle-sized particle can be positioned at center or periphery.In such embodiment, steam inlet and exit position and de aerated water exit position preferably should correspondingly redeploy.Yet preferred embodiment is depicted among Fig. 8.

Said deaerator system preferably is positioned at said vaporization chamber proximity of devices.Preferably, said degasser unit is to be positioned at said vaporization chamber top.This makes directly to rise from said vaporization chamber from the steam of vaporization chamber and gets into the degasser.This also can make the de aerated water from degasser directly be discharged in the vaporization chamber.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that: between vaporization chamber and degasser, need not arbitrary obvious separation.In one embodiment, only the with a hook at the end sieve of said particle is separated degasser and vaporization chamber.

Said particle can have arbitrary shape, for example, and sphere, hemispherical, amorphous, rectangle, ellipse, square, circular, polyhedron property, irregularly shaped (for example, gravel shape) etc.Said particle surface can be with the need and different, and is for example, solid, porous, half porous, coating or structurized so that long residence time etc. to be provided.Preferably, said particle is sphere and atresia.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the particle of different size can have the interval (gapping interval) of different size betwixt.For example, big glass marble can have the bigger interval of smaller glass marble.Interior neighbour size at interval can change according to particle size, shape of particle and other factor.As universal law, big spheroidal particle also can form the mixture that has than macroporosity usually.That is, between said spheroid, have than large-spacing.Equally, can have less gapping interval, form an environment that is easier to steam is condensed into liquid water than small-particle.

Said particle can be processed by any appropriate materials.Exemplary materials includes but not limited to metal, glass, composite, pottery, plastics, stone, cellulosic material, fibrous material etc.If need, but materials used mixture.Those skilled in the art should be able to confirm to be used for the appropriate materials of each concrete purposes.Preferably, said material is to be processed by glass.Selected materials preferably should be able to bear long term high temperature use and do not have obvious crack, break, other damage or toxic materials immersed in the water.If need, said different size particle can be processed by different materials.For example, said outer particle can be made of metal, and the intermediate layer is processed by the heatproof plastics, and central core is processed by glass.Selected materials preferably can be resisted owing to breaking of causing of heating process, rust or crack.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the particle that to select to have any desired size.For example, said outer particle can have between about 5 millimeters to about 25 millimeters or diameter in larger scope.Said intermediate layer particle can have between, for example, about 1 millimeter or be less to about 15 millimeters or diameter in larger scope.The central core particle can have between, for example, less than about 0.1 millimeter to about 10 millimeters or in larger scope diameter.Generally speaking, said diameter can between about 0.1 millimeter to about 30 millimeters scopes.

In preferred embodiments, the concentric layer particles is a bead, and it has, for example, contain 8 millimeters beades outermost layer, contain the intermediate layer of 6 millimeters beades and contain the central core of 4 millimeters beades.The ratio of outer particle diameter and internal layer particle diameter can change with those skilled in the art are required, and the ratio of outer particle diameter and internal layer particle diameter can be, for example, and about 1.1 to 1,000: 1.

Preferably, said particle stratification is with the concentric circles mode, and wherein the minimum dimension particle is to be positioned at said unit center, and maximum particle is near said unit outer wall.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that said circle need not accurately and need not must be concentric.For example, although concentric circumference can have the embodiment described benefit, have and can move and provide principal benefits of the present invention well the embodiment that steam imports the macroporosity district in smaller porosity district.In certain embodiments, through using sieve can the particle of zones of different or different size be remained in the discrete groups.In preferred embodiments, can the various sizes particle be remained in the discrete groups through filling it in the said container, wherein the existence through the medium size particle prevents small-particle and mixes than macroparticle.

If need, can use more than 2 layers or 3 layers.For example, can use 4,5,6 or 7 layers or multilayer more.In preferred embodiments, use 3 layers, have different size separately.In certain embodiments, not the size that changes said particle, but change other character of said particle, the for example surface nature of said particle.In addition,, can use the mixture of different size particle to fill said degasser, wherein implement to-fill procedure so that fill the mode that the particle diameter of said degasser center reduces gradually if need.In certain embodiments, said layer is filled the particle of homogeneity in whole layer.In other embodiments, said layer is different types of and can contains other shape pearl, particle, glass wool etc.The heterogeneity of particle not only can comprise size but also comprise, for example, and composition, surface characteristic, density, specific heat, wetability (hydrophobicity is to hydrophily), hardness, ductility etc.Preferably, as indicated above, though in certain embodiments of the invention, also contain non-concentric arrangement, can be any type of heterogeneous particle is in the concentric ring that is distributed in the said degasser.

Deaerator apparatus wall and outlet/inlet can be processed by arbitrary appropriate materials.Exemplary materials comprises, for example, and metal, aluminium, glass, composite, fire resistant polypropylene etc.Preferably, said wall material can be processed by stainless steel.Preferably, said material should be able to bear the long term high temperature use and the crack can not occur, break or toxic materials is immersed in the water.

In certain embodiments, said degasser is used to de aerated water enough time of staying is provided, even contain the volatile materials of the quantity that can not adopt in the water.Therefore, said degasser can be used for the production safety drinking water, or is used for the hypotoxicity water of many other purposes.

Water is removed or the instance of the volatile contaminant that reduces includes but not limited to methyl tertiary butyl ether(MTBE), benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, neighbour-dichloro-benzenes but the application of the invention method is handled; Right-dichloro-benzenes, vinylidene chloride, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, anti-form-1; The 2-dichloroethylene, carrene, 1,2-dichloroethanes, 1,2-dichloropropane; Ethylbenzene, styrene, tetrachloro-ethylene, 1,2,4-trichloro-benzenes; 1,1,1-trichloroethanes, 1,1,2-trichloroethanes; Trichloro-ethylene, toluene, vinyl chloride, xylenes, natural-gas; For example, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, and hydrogen, other VOC (VOC), for example, formic acid, ethyl hydrazine, methyl methacrylate, butyl ethyl amine, butanols, propyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, acetonitrile, butylamine, ethamine, ethanol, methyl alcohol, acetone, allylamine, allyl alcohol, methyl acetate, ammonium hydroxide, and ammonia etc.

In other embodiments of the present invention, the outer layer segment of said degasser also can provide the heat insulation of effect to the interior layer segment of said degasser volume, so that the temperature that gets into water is remained near the water boiling point.In certain embodiments, be to select said particle self according to its hot hold facility.So can save energy and form more effective degas system.

In certain embodiments, degasser design of the present invention provides the stable state path de aerated water is brought in the vaporization chamber into the needs of avoiding excessive steam to send simultaneously.This is because of Steam Heating degasser shell, and because it can easily get into degasser in a district, independent district allows condensation and makes said de aerated water flow out said system simultaneously.Through preventing that excessive steam from sending, can avoid the problem of possibility deposited salt in the said particle.

In certain embodiments, degasser can be compacter with model than existing, because the different-grain diameter of system can form high surface area.Thereby the height that can minimize said degasser then produces compacter design.

In certain embodiments, compare with conventional degasser, said degasser can more effectively be removed impurity from sample.For example, in certain embodiments, but remove the chlorine of 40ppm in the water of degasser self-flow rate among Fig. 8 up to 30 ml/min.In certain embodiments, it can remove the ammonia of flow velocity up to the 2ppm in the water of 20 ml/min.In certain embodiments, it can remove flow velocity up to 30 ml/min and reach the common gas of its solubility limit value, for example air.

Degasser embodiment

Embodiment 3

The preparation deaerator apparatus

Wide by 1 " * high by 12 " the stainless steel cylinder stainless steel water inlet and stainless steel gas outlet/delivery port be equipped with, as shown in Figure 8 (in alternative embodiment, can use wide by 1 " * high by 8 ", wide by 1.5 " * high by 8 " or wide by 3.5 " * high by 12 " device).Said unit is connected to vaporization chamber equipment top.Use the said cylinder of the following filling of clean spherical glass pearl subsequently.Use has the bead of about 8 mm dias and fills outer layer zone.Use pearl to fill the intermediate layer subsequently with about 6 mm dias.Use bead to fill the center then with about 4 mm dias.Said degasser is equipped with the stainless steel cover unit.Heat said vaporization chamber and make steam pass through degasser.When degasser heats up, preheat pending water and subsequently it is added said degasser top.The water that leaves degasser will have the reduction volatile compound therein.When said device arrived equilibrium temperature, it almost completely removed gas from the water that contains following concentration: 40ppm chlorine, 2ppm ammonia and in air, reach most of natural-gas of its solubility limit.

Embodiment 4

Use scale-up deaerator apparatus to come purifying drinking water

Deaerator apparatus at the top of 2 gallons of vaporization chamber systems assembling embodiment 3.Subsequently with the speed of 5 ml/min to 50 ml/min degasser inlet pumping water to be clean via preheating.(in other embodiments, can use up to several liters/minute).With the water preheat that gets into degasser to about 100 ℃ temperature.Water is being in the said degasser of entering under the water boiling point basically.When handling big water gaging, the temperature at degasser top can reduce the several years (reducing to 98 ℃).Use about 10 to 20% get into water through amount as steam driving degasser, and it has half the in said degasser condensation again (being lower than 1% water through amount though steam uses to be reduced to) approximately.Purifying waste water descends gets into vaporization chamber, makes its cooling, and sampling is to measure the volatile contaminant level.Through using this method, remove volatile contaminant, and purify waste water.

Said unit can continued operation, so it can operate the sufficiently long time according to the needs of water being implemented the degassing.Rate of discharge from degasser is decided according to the filling and the size of bead, and can between about 1 second to several minutes, change.

In certain embodiments, its embodiment openly in this article the system that is used to purify waste water can use so that other beneficial property to be provided with device combination with other system.For example, said system can use with the arbitrary device or the method combination that are disclosed in following: be the U.S. Provisional Patent Application of SOLAR ALIGNMENT DEVICE (solar energy collating unit) number 60/676870 in the title of proposition on May 2nd, 2005; The title that proposes on July 6th, 2005 is the U.S. Provisional Patent Application number 60/697104 of VISUAL WATER FLOWINDICATOR (visual water flow indicator); The title of filing an application on July 6th, 2005 is the U.S. Provisional Patent Application number 60/697106 of APPARATUS FOR RESTORING THEMINERAL CONTENT OF DRINKING WATER (being used to reclaim the equipment of drinking water mineral content); The title of filing an application on July 6th, 2005 is the U.S. Provisional Patent Application number 60/697107 of IMPROVED CYCLONE DEMISTETR (improved cyclonic separation demister); The PCT application number US2004/039993 that proposes on December 1st, 2004; The PCT application number US2004/039991 that proposes on December 1st, 2004; With the U.S. Provisional Patent Application that proposes on December 2nd, 2003 number 60/526,580; Above-mentioned application all is incorporated into this through reference.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these method and apparatus are to be used for or to can be used for realizing said purpose and obtain said result and advantage and various other advantage and benefit.Methods described herein, program and device are the existing representatives of preferred embodiment, and it is exemplary but not is intended to the restriction as the scope of the invention.Other purposes that variation wherein and those skilled in the art can run into be included in of the present invention intraparenchymatous and limit scope of the disclosure.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that under the situation that does not deviate from scope of the present invention and essence, can carry out various replacements and modification the present invention disclosed herein.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that aspect of the present invention described herein and embodiment can be implemented independently of each other or combination enforcement each other.Therefore, the combination of individual other embodiment is to belong to the invention disclosed herein scope.

All patents are incorporated herein with announcing through reference, and the said degree of quoting just combines through reference as each independent announcement that will reach individually expression particularly.

The present invention who sets forth with the explanation mode in this article can implement with suitable way under the situation that lacks concrete not disclosed in this article any one or a plurality of key element, one or more restrictions.Used term and statement are as illustrative and non-limiting term, and reach the equivalent of said characteristic or its part shown in desire is got rid of when using these terms and statement.Should be understood that and in the disclosed scope of the invention, to carry out various modifications.Therefore; Should understand; Although specifically disclose the present invention through preferred embodiment and optional feature; But those skilled in the art can adopt the modification and the version of notion disclosed herein, and such modification and version are regarded as and belong to the scope of the invention that said disclosure defines.

Claims (80)

1. water purification installation; This water purification installation comprises: import, preheater, degasser, vaporization chamber, demister, refuse condenser, product condenser, Waste outlet, product outlet and control system; Wherein said control system need not that the user gets involved or the situation of cleaning under make the circulation of said purifier operation through repetition; And wherein said device can be removed multiple pollutant type from pollution water sample, comprising: microorgranic contaminant, radioactive pollutant, metal, salt, volatile organic matter and nonvolatile organic compound; So that the level of all contaminants type of the water that purifies in the said device is lower than the level shown in " MCL " hurdle in the table 1; And the level of the pollutant type of said pollution water sample is in the table 1 shown in " MCL " hurdle 25 times of level at the most, it is characterized in that through the said import water that provides access; Make said inlet water through said preheater; Adverse current is to carry all basically organic matter, volatile matter and the gas that heats up in a steamer said inlet water through in said degasser, making said inlet water face toward the opposite direction air-flow.

2. the device of claim 1, wherein the volume of the water that generates be the input water volume 20% and 95% between.

3. the device of claim 1, wherein said device do not need cleaning between at least 2 months operating periods.

4. the device of claim 1, wherein said device do not need cleaning between at least 1 year operating period.

5. claim 1 is installed, and said device comprises that also entry switch is to regulate the discharge through said inlet.

6. the device of claim 5, wherein said switch comprises the mechanism that is selected from the group of being made up of solenoid, valve and hole.

7. the device of claim 5, wherein said entry switch is by the control of said control system.

8. the device of claim 1, said device also comprise shuts down control.

9. the device of claim 8, wherein said shutdown control is selected from the group of being made up of Artificial Control, overflow control, tankage size control and vaporization chamber volume controlled.

10. the device of claim 9, wherein said control system is based on from the feedback of at least one in vaporization chamber buoy, jar buoy and the overflow detector and controls said inlet.

11. the device of claim 4, wherein said control system is based on from the feedback of said purifier and controls said switch.

12. the device of claim 11, wherein said feedback are based at least one characteristic that is selected from by the following group of forming: the water motion of the water yield in the water yield in the product water container, product water flow, water flows time, anhydrous flowing time, the vaporization chamber, leak detection, vaporization chamber pressure, output water quality, the pressure reduction of crossing over said vaporization chamber and leap vaporization chamber downflow weir buoy through said product outlet.

13. the device of claim 12, wherein said output water quality is measured through total dissolved solidss.

14. the device of claim 1, said device also comprises flow controller.

15. the device of claim 14, wherein said flow controller comprises pressure regulator.

16. the device of claim 15, wherein said pressure regulator maintains hydraulic pressure between 0kPa and the 250kPa.

17. the device of claim 15, wherein said pressure regulator maintains hydraulic pressure between 0 to 36psi.

18. the device of claim 14, wherein said flow controller maintains the speed between 10 and 75 ml/min with discharge.

19. the device of claim 1, said device also comprises sediment trap.

20. the device of claim 1, wherein said economizer bank is through said vaporization chamber.

21. the device of claim 1, the glassware for drinking water of wherein discharging said economizer bank has at least 96 ℃ temperature.

22. the device of claim 1, wherein said economizer bank allows the time of staying of water in said economizer bank to be at least 15 seconds.

23. the device of claim 1, wherein said economizer bank comprises coil pipe.

24. the device of claim 23, said coil pipe has substantially horizontal net flow, and the water that wherein moves through said coil pipe passes through horizontal plane repeatedly.

25. the device of claim 1, wherein said degasser is the orientation that is perpendicular, has upper end and lower end.

26. the device of claim 25, wherein the hot water that adds from said economizer bank gets into said degasser being right after said upper end.

27. the device of claim 26, the wherein said hot water that adds is discharged said degasser being right after said lower end.

28. the device of claim 25 wherein gets into said degasser from the steam of said vaporization chamber being right after said lower end.

29. the device of claim 28, wherein said steam are discharged said degasser being right after said upper end.

30. comprising, the device of claim 1, wherein said degasser be applicable to the matrix that promotes water and vapor mixing.

31. the device of claim 30, wherein said matrix comprise spherical basically particle.

32. the device of claim 30, wherein said matrix comprises aspheric particle.

33. comprising, the device of claim 30, wherein said matrix have the particle that allows even size of filling in said degasser through selection.

34. the device of claim 30, wherein said matrix comprises the particle with different size, and wherein said particle is to be arranged in the said degasser with size gradient.

35. the device of claim 1, the water of wherein discharging said degasser does not contain organic matter and escaping gas basically.

36. the device of claim 1; Wherein said vaporization chamber comprises at least one epimere and a hypomere; And the horizontal section of wherein said epimere has the area bigger than the horizontal section of said hypomere, and wherein said vaporization chamber also comprises being connected between said epimere and said hypomere.

37. the device of claim 36, wherein said connection is substantially horizontal.

38. the device of claim 36, wherein said vaporization chamber also comprises floss hole, and wherein said floss hole is positioned on said junction or its.

39. the device of claim 38; Said vaporization chamber also comprises the automatically cleaning medium that comprises a plurality of particles; Said floss hole has opening, and said opening has does not allow the size of said particle through said floss hole, and said opening also has the shape not complementary with said shape of particle.

40. the device of claim 1, wherein said vaporization chamber comprises the automatically cleaning medium, and said automatically cleaning medium is used for disturbing sedimentary gathering in the zone that is right after the said vaporization chamber thermal treatment zone at least.

41. the device of claim 40, wherein said medium comprises a plurality of particles.

42. the device of claim 41, wherein said particle are spherical basically.

43. the device of claim 41, wherein said particle comprises following characteristic: the boiling through water in said vaporization chamber allows the said particle of continuous stirring basically.

44. the device of claim 43, wherein said characteristic are selected from by proportion, size, form, colony's quantity and form group.

45. the device of claim 41, said particle has selected hardness, and wherein said hardness allows not corrode said particle or said vaporization chamber basically through the said vaporization chamber of said particle erosion.

46. the device of claim 41, wherein said particle is made up of pottery, metal, glass or stone.

47. the device of claim 41, said particle have greater than 1.0 and less than 8.0 proportion.

48. the device of claim 47, said particle has the proportion between 2.0 and 5.0.

49. the device of claim 1, said vaporization chamber also comprise the heating element heater that closes on said vaporization chamber bottom.

50. the device of claim 49, it is outside wherein said heating element heater to be arranged on the vaporization chamber that closes on said vaporization chamber bottom, and wherein said heating element heater is connected to said vaporization chamber.

51. the device of claim 49 wherein is arranged on said heating element heater the inside of the vaporization chamber that closes on said vaporization chamber bottom.

52. the device of claim 1 wherein is right after said demister the upper surface setting of said vaporization chamber.

53. the device of claim 1, wherein the steam from said vaporization chamber gets into said demister under pressure.

54. the device of claim 1, said demister has pressure reduction, and wherein said pressure reduction is more than or equal to 125Pa and smaller or equal to 2500Pa.

55. the device of claim 1, wherein said demister is suitable for separating clean steam via cyclogenesis from exhaust steam.

56. the device of claim 55, wherein the ratio of clean steam and exhaust steam was greater than 10: 1.

57. the device of claim 55, wherein said control system regulates parameter with the adjustment steam quality.

58. the device of claim 57, wherein said steam quality comprise at least a quality that is selected from by the following group of forming: the ratio of clean steam purity, clean steam and exhaust steam and the cumulative volume of clean steam.

59. the device of claim 57, wherein said parameter comprise that at least one is selected from the parameter by the following group of forming: the recessed position of clean steam outlet, pressure reduction, the flow resistance of steam inlet and the flow resistance of steam (vapor) outlet of crossing over said demister.

60. the device of claim 1, said device comprises the cooler that is used for the product condenser.

61. the device of claim 60, wherein said cooler comprises exhaust blower.

62. the device of claim 1, wherein said product condenser comprises coil pipe.

63. the device of claim 1, wherein product water is discharged said product condenser through said product outlet.

64. the device of claim 1, wherein said waste water is discharged said refuse condenser through said Waste outlet.

65. the device of claim 1, said device also comprises the product water holding vessel.

66. the device of claim 65, wherein said holding vessel comprises at least one controlling organization.

67. the device of claim 66, wherein said controlling organization comprise that at least one is selected from the mechanism of the group of being made up of buoy, conductometer and weir buoy.

68. the device of claim 1, wherein said control system has delay, so that at the beginning of the cycle, in selected period of delay, does not have steam to be directed to said product outlet.

69. the device of claim 68, be at least 10 to 30 minutes wherein said period of delay.

70. the device of claim 1, wherein said control system has at least 10 minutes the mean residence time of water in said vaporization chamber.

71. the device of claim 1, wherein said control system has at least 45 minutes the mean residence time of water in said vaporization chamber.

72. the device of claim 1, wherein said control system comprises the vaporization chamber flushing, so that the water in the said vaporization chamber is disposed to refuse rapidly, allows from said vaporization chamber, to remove the impurity and the sediment of gathering.

73. the device of claim 72, when wherein said vaporization chamber being arranged in the vaporization chamber flushing, the water of residual volume is retained in the bottom of said vaporization chamber.

74. the device of claim 73, wherein said residual water provides initial steam for said degasser during the follow-up decontamination cycle of beginning.

75. a method of purifying waste water, said method comprises the steps:

The inlet water source of the pollutant that comprises at least a first concentration is provided;

Make said inlet water pass through preheater under the condition more than 90 ℃ can said inlet water temperature being increased to;

Adverse current is to carry all basically organic matter, volatile matter and the gas that heats up in a steamer said inlet water through in degasser, making said inlet water face toward the opposite direction air-flow;

Said water is being allowed the mean residence time that in vaporization chamber, kept under the condition that forms steam 10-90 minute;

Steam is discharged to the cyclonic separation demister from said vaporization chamber;

In said demister, separate clean steam, so that the yield of clean steam is at least 4 times from the refuse yield of said demister from the refuse that contains pollutant;

The said clean steam of condensation is purified waste water with generation, and said purifying waste water comprises the pollutant of at least a second concentration, and wherein said second concentration is lower than said first concentration.

76. the method for claim 75, wherein said at least a pollutant comprises the pollutant that is selected from by the following group of forming: microorganism, radionuclide, salt and organic matter; And wherein said second concentration is not more than the concentration shown in " MCLG " hurdle in the table 3, and wherein said first concentration is at least 10 times of said second concentration.

77. the method for claim 75, wherein said first concentration are at least 25 times of said second concentration.

78. the method for claim 75, wherein said gas is selected from the group of being made up of steam, air and nitrogen.

79. the method for claim 75 wherein repeated said method step automatically at least 3 months and need not cleaning or safeguard.

80. the method for claim 75 wherein repeated said method step automatically at least 1 year and need not cleaning or safeguard.

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