CN101349539B - Micro-force measuring method of hole perpendicularity - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a process for measuring the perpendicularity of a hole, which is carried out based on a principle that three points can determine a circle, and measures through using two fixed probes and a movable probe. The movable probe can move to the inner walls of all probe contact holes after the three probes enter into the hole, then coordinate values of the three probes are recorded, and the circle center coordinate of the hole on the cross section can be obtained according to the method that three points can determine a circle. And the heights of the probes in round holes can be regulated, and the circle center coordinates of the hole on different cross sections can be obtained through repeating the method, thereby obtaining the perpendicularity of the hole. The invention can rotate the probes when measures the circle center of the cross section, changes measuring angle, and obtains multiple testing results, and then takes the resultant value of testing results. The invention has high testing efficiency and simple and easy operation, and is suitable for detection in batch.

Description

The verticality micro-force measuring method in hole

[technical field]

The present invention relates to field of measurement, especially relate to the measuring method of verticality.

[background technology]

Calculate verticality and at first need measure and treat the home position (use coordinate representation) of gaging hole, utilize the verticality computing formula to obtain verticality then at varying cross-section.CMM machine (three-coordinates measuring machine) is generally adopted in existing squareness measurement; Measuring method is: workpiece is fixed, and a probe is only arranged, and each stop place of this probe can go on record; 8 points that adopt this probe that the hole inwall of each xsect is divided equally carry out point by point scanning, and (probe is run into inwall and is reached the laggard row stop of certain dynamics; Write down this point coordinate), thus obtain the central coordinate of circle of each transversal face, calculate right alignment according to these central coordinate of circle then.

The deficiency of this kind method is having only single probe to carry out point-to-point measurement, and efficient is low; Single probe is run into and is just write down coordinate figure after inwall reaches certain dynamics, can not feed back moment, influences measuring accuracy, and operation easier is high.

[summary of the invention]

The technical matters that the present invention will solve is, to the deficiency of prior art, provides a kind of efficiency of measurement high squareness measurement method, and the present invention also provides a kind of squareness measurement method simple to operate.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A kind of verticality micro-force measuring method of hole comprises following steps:

Three ball shape probes are stretched in the circular hole of determinand, and wherein said three ball shape probes comprise the first fixing probe, second probe and the 3rd movable probe;

Measure first central coordinate of circle of said circular hole first xsect;

With three ball shape probes moving axially along said circular hole;

Measure second central coordinate of circle of said circular hole second xsect;

Calculate the verticality of said circular hole according to said first central coordinate of circle and said second central coordinate of circle;

Wherein, also comprise the step of the displacement of measuring determinand, the central coordinate of circle of the central coordinate of circle of said first xsect or second xsect specifically comprises the steps: for sphere centre coordinate and the said displacement according to said three ball shape probes calculates

Coordinate system that goes out with respect to set according to the abovementioned steps measurements and calculations and the first relative central coordinate of circle of first xsect go out directions X translational movement and Y direction translational movement through displacement sensor simultaneously;

At same xsect, rotating mechanism drives probe and after initial point rotates the θ angle, records the seat in the relative center of circle of this xsect according to preceding method.Mark and diameter are measured directions X translational movement and Y direction translational movement simultaneously, with this coordinate projection in the coordinate system of setting, with the final coordinate figure in the projection second relative center of circle behind the translational movement superposition;

At same xsect, rotating mechanism drives probe measured relative central coordinate of circle and diameter after the initial point backward rotation θ angle, measures directions X translational movement X simultaneously ₃With Y direction translational movement Y ₃, with this coordinate projection in the coordinate system of setting, with final projection third phase behind the translational movement superposition to the coordinate figure in the center of circle;

Calculate the first relative center of circle, the second relative center of circle and the third phase of first xsect first central coordinate of circle, be the coordinate figure in this xsect center of circle the circle of center of circle composition;

According to abovementioned steps, calculate second central coordinate of circle of second xsect.

Further, measure first central coordinate of circle of said circular hole first xsect or second central coordinate of circle of second xsect and comprise following steps:

Write down the initial coordinate of first probe and the second probe centre of sphere;

Move said the 3rd probe and all touch the inwall in hole, draw the sphere centre coordinate of the 3rd probe until said three ball shape probes;

First central coordinate of circle or second central coordinate of circle of the circle that calculating and said three ball shape probes are circumscribed;

Calculate the verticality of said circular hole according to said first central coordinate of circle and said second central coordinate of circle.

The present invention has following beneficial effect:

1. three probes of the present invention, 2 fixing 1 is moved, and moves the coordinate that a probe just can be confirmed three points, has improved efficiency of measurement;

2. the present invention's promptly automatic feedback electric signal when three probes contact inwall simultaneously begins reading, does not depend on the dynamics of probe contact inwall, and is simple to operate;

3. adopt measuring vertical degree of the present invention, determinand need not fixed, can move, and has avoided probe stressed, has improved the precision of measuring.

[description of drawings]

Fig. 1 confirms circumscribed synoptic diagram for three probes of the present invention

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further explained.

[embodiment]

The present invention utilizes 3 principles of confirming a circle, utilizes three probes to confirm the coordinate of three points of the same xsect of circular-hole internal-wall, calculates the center of circle of circular hole at this xsect.Make probe along the moving axially of circular hole, calculate the central coordinate of circle of varying cross-section, whether the verticality of confirming hole wall according to the dispersion degree of central coordinate of circle conformance with standard.

At first set forth the measuring method of aperture at the central coordinate of circle of a certain xsect.

Probe is generally sphere, and 3 probe radius of a circles and initial coordinate are known, can solve the circumscribed central coordinate of circle of these three circles and the size of radius.

As shown in Figure 1, under given coordinate system, establishing first radius of circle is R ₁, central coordinate of circle is (X _A, Y _A), second radius of circle is R ₂, central coordinate of circle is (X _B, Y _B), the 3rd radius of circle is R ₃, central coordinate of circle is (X _c, Y _c), the circumcircle radius is R, coordinate be (X Y), then has:

(X-X _A) ²+(Y-Y _A) ²＝(R-R ₁) ²

(X-X _B) ²+(Y-Y _B) ²＝(R-R ₂) ²

(X-X _C) ²+(Y-Y _C) ²＝(R-R ₃) ²

In the actual measurement process, two probe stationary, the 3rd probe moves towards a fixed-direction, in the process that moves, promotes hole wall, makes three probes all contact with hole wall.The position of two probes is fixed, promptly known (X _A, Y _A), R ₁, (X _B, Y _B), R ₂Three location parameter (X of the 3rd probe _C, Y _C), R ₃In, R ₃Be known, suppose to fix and move, then X towards the Y direction _CFix, and Y _CChange.The start bit of traveling probe is confirmable, so Y _C=(C+ movement value), wherein C is the Y value of traveling probe when start bit, and the Y of movement value the 3rd probe that be traveling probe when start bit to three probe all contacts with hole wall is to displacement, and this value can obtain through position transducer.That is to say that in above-mentioned three equations, except that X, Y and R, all the other are known, therefore can try to achieve by above-mentioned equation:

X=B ₃+ SQR (B ₃ ²-4A ₃C ₃)/(2A ₃) or X ₀=B ₃-SQR (B ₃ ²-4A ₃C ₃)/(2A ₃)

Y＝A ₁-B ₁X ₀

R＝A ₂X+B ₂

Wherein,

$A_1=\frac{(R_2-R_1)({X_A}^2+{Y_A}^2-{X_C}^2-{Y_C}^2+{R_3}^2-{R_1}^2-(R_3-R_1)({X_A}^2+{Y_A}^2-{X_B}^2-{Y_B}^2+{R_2}^2-{R_1}^2)}{2[(Y_B-Y_A)(R_3-R_1)-(Y_C-Y_A)(R_2-R_1)]}$

$B_1=\frac{(X_B-X_A)(R_3-R_1)-(X_C-X_A)(R_2-R_1)}{(Y_B-Y_A)(R_3-R_1)-(Y_C-Y_A)(R_2-R_1)}$

$A_2=\frac{(X_B-X_A)-(Y_B-Y_A)B_1}{R_2-R_1}$

$B_2=\frac{{X_A}^2+{Y_A}^2-{X_B}^2-{Y_B}^2+{R_2}^2-{R_1}^2+2(Y_B-Y_a)A_1}{2(R_2-R_1)}$

A ₃＝1+B ₁ ²-A ₂ ²

B ₃＝2(X _A+(A ₁-Y _A)B ₁+A ₂(B ₂-R ₁))

C ₃＝X _A ²+(A ₁-Y _A) ²-(B ₂-R ₁) ²

At same xsect; In order to obtain central coordinate of circle comparatively accurately; Can rotate probe and choose three measurement directions, can calculate three central coordinate of circle according to the method described above, and then utilize 3 principles of confirming a circle; A new central coordinate of circle has been confirmed in these three centers of circle, and this new central coordinate of circle is exactly the central coordinate of circle of circular hole to be measured at this xsect.Measure in different cross-sectional areas, just can obtain to calculate the central coordinate of circle of the required varying cross-section of verticality.

In above-mentioned measuring process; When probe mechanism is rotated in different directions and measures; Relative displacement all can take place with respect to reference position in determinand, therefore each when measuring central coordinate of circle determinand be not at same position, the central coordinate of circle if not with same determinand position the time calculates; Both can have influence on the accuracy of calculating a certain xsect center of circle coordinate, and can influence the accuracy that verticality is calculated too.Therefore must consider when measuring determinand with respect to the displacement of reference position to reduce.This displacement can obtain through measured X direction translational movement and Y direction translational movement.

Concrete measuring process is following:

1. measure the coordinate (X of the first xsect center of circle O ₃₃, Y ₃₃)

(1) coordinate system that can measurements and calculations goes out with respect to set according to preceding method, the first central coordinate of circle O of first xsect ₁(X ₀₁, Y ₀₁), go out directions X translational movement X through displacement sensor simultaneously ₁With Y direction translational movement Y ₁

(2) at same xsect, rotating mechanism drives probe and rotates after the θ angle the relative central coordinate of circle O that records this xsect according to preceding method from initial point ₂(X ₀₂, Y ₀₂), diameter is D ₂, measure directions X translational movement X simultaneously ₂With Y direction translational movement Y ₂, with this coordinate projection in the coordinate system of setting, with final projection second center of circle O behind the translational movement superposition ₂₂Coordinate figure be:

X ₀₂₂＝X ₀₀₁+X ₂-X ₁

Y ₀₂₂＝Y ₀₀₁+Y ₂-Y ₁

Wherein:

X ₀₀₁＝D ₁*zj ₂-Sqr((D ₁^2*zj ₂^2)-(1+zj ₂^2)*(D ₁^2-zj ₁)))/(1+zj ₂^2)

Y ₀₀₁＝D ₁-X ₀₀₁

zj ₁＝X ₀₂^2+Y ₀₂^2

D ₁＝zj ₁*(1-2*Sin(θ/2)^2)/Y ₀₂

zj ₂＝X ₀₂/Y ₀₂

(3) at same xsect, rotating mechanism drives probe measured relative central coordinate of circle O after the initial point backward rotation θ angle ₃(X ₀₃, Y ₀₃), diameter is D ₃, measure directions X translational movement X simultaneously ₃With Y direction translational movement Y ₃, with this coordinate projection in the coordinate system of setting, with final projection the 3rd center of circle O behind the translational movement superposition ₃₃Coordinate figure be:

X ₀₃₃＝X ₀₀₂+X ₃-X ₁

Y ₀₃₃＝Y ₀₀₂+Y ₃-Y ₁

Wherein:

X ₀₀₂＝(D ₂*zj ₄+Sqr((D ₂^2*zj ₄^2)-(1+zj ₄^2)*(D ₂^2-zj ₃)))/(1+zj ₄^2)

Y ₀₀₁＝D ₂-X ₀₀₂

zj ₃＝X ₀₃^2+Y ₀₃^2

D ₂＝zj ₃*(1-2*Sin(θ/2)^2)/Y ₀₃

zj ₄＝X ₀₃/Y ₀₃

(4) calculate O ₁(X ₀₁, Y ₀₁), O ₂₂(X ₀₂₂, Y ₀₂₂), O ₃₃(X ₀₃₃, Y ₀₃₃) central coordinate of circle (X of circle of 3 compositions ₃₃, Y ₃₃), be the coordinate figure of this xsect center of circle O:

X ₃₃＝(X ₀₃₃^2+Y ₀₃₃^2-X ₀₁^2-Y ₀₁^2+2*bb*(Y ₀₁-Y ₀₃₃))/(2*(X ₀₃₃-X ₀₁)+aa*(Y ₀₃₃-Y ₀₁))

Y ₃₃＝aa*X ₃₃+bb

Wherein:

aa＝(X ₀₂₂-X ₀₁)/(Y ₀₁-Y ₀₂₂)

bb＝(X ₀₁^2+Y ₀₁^2-X ₀₂₂^2-Y ₀₂₂^2)/(2*(Y ₀₁-Y ₀₂₂))

2. obtain the coordinate figure (X of the center of circle O ' of another xsect by (1)-(4) ₃₃₃, Y ₃₃₃)

3. obtain verticality T

T＝Sqr((X ₃₃₃-X ₃₃)^2+(Y ₃₃₃-Y ₃₃)^2)

The above embodiment has only expressed several kinds of embodiments of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to claim of the present invention.Should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art under the prerequisite that does not break away from the present invention's design, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with accompanying claims.

Claims (2)

1. the verticality micro-force measuring method in a hole comprises following steps:

Three ball shape probes are stretched in the circular hole of determinand, and wherein said three ball shape probes comprise the first fixing probe, second probe and the 3rd movable probe;

Measure first central coordinate of circle of said circular hole first xsect;

With three ball shape probes moving axially along said circular hole;

Measure second central coordinate of circle of said circular hole second xsect;

Calculate the verticality of said circular hole according to said first central coordinate of circle and said second central coordinate of circle;

It is characterized in that, also comprise the step of the displacement of measuring determinand, the central coordinate of circle of the central coordinate of circle of said first xsect or second xsect specifically comprises the steps: for sphere centre coordinate and the said displacement according to said three ball shape probes calculates

Coordinate system that goes out with respect to set according to the abovementioned steps measurements and calculations and the first relative central coordinate of circle of first xsect go out directions X translational movement and Y direction translational movement through displacement sensor simultaneously;

At same xsect; Rotating mechanism drives probe and after initial point rotates the θ angle, records the coordinate and the diameter in the relative center of circle of this xsect according to preceding method; Measure directions X translational movement and Y direction translational movement simultaneously; With this coordinate projection in the coordinate system of setting, with the coordinate figure in the final projection second relative center of circle behind the translational movement superposition;

At same xsect, rotating mechanism drives probe measured relative central coordinate of circle and diameter after the initial point backward rotation θ angle, measures directions X translational movement X simultaneously ₃With Y direction translational movement Y ₃, with this coordinate projection in the coordinate system of setting, with final projection third phase behind the translational movement superposition to the coordinate figure in the center of circle;

Calculate the first relative center of circle, the second relative center of circle and the third phase of first xsect first central coordinate of circle, be the coordinate figure in this xsect center of circle the circle of center of circle composition;

According to abovementioned steps, calculate second central coordinate of circle of second xsect.

2. the verticality micro-force measuring method in hole as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: measure first central coordinate of circle of said circular hole first xsect or second central coordinate of circle of second xsect and comprise following steps:

Write down the initial coordinate of first probe and the second probe centre of sphere;

Move said the 3rd probe and all touch the inwall in hole, draw the sphere centre coordinate of the 3rd probe until said three ball shape probes;

First central coordinate of circle or second central coordinate of circle of the circle that calculating and said three ball shape probes are circumscribed.

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