CN101348473A - Method for preparing epoxide - Google Patents
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- CN101348473A CN101348473A CNA2007100439589A CN200710043958A CN101348473A CN 101348473 A CN101348473 A CN 101348473A CN A2007100439589 A CNA2007100439589 A CN A2007100439589A CN 200710043958 A CN200710043958 A CN 200710043958A CN 101348473 A CN101348473 A CN 101348473A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing an epoxide. The method mainly resolves the problems in the prior art such as the low activity of catalysts for production of the epoxide, poor effect of mass transference, and high cost of production. The invention well resolves the problems through adopting the technical proposal which selects organic amine as a template, substitutes hydroxyl silicate ester as the silicon source for partial orthosilicate easter, grafts inorganic titanium to silicon dioxide framework with a hexagonal mesoporous structure to form a substance of active titanium with a four coordinating structure, and subsequently carries out alkylation treatment to produce the catalyst of the epoxide. The method provided by the invention can be applied to the industrialized production of the epoxide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used to produce the method for epoxide.
Background technology
Epoxide is the important organic chemical industry's intermediate of a class, and the method for industrial production epoxide mainly contains chlorohydrination and conjugated oxidation at present.Chlorohydrination is owing to produce a large amount of chlorine-contained wastewaters in process of production, and environmental pollution and equipment corrosion are serious; Conjugated oxidation has overcome shortcomings such as the pollution of chlorohydrination and corrosion, but long flow path, investment is big, co-product is many, and joint product market has influenced the production of propylene oxide to a certain extent.
As everyone knows, titaniferous porous silica material has good catalytic activity to the selective oxidation of hydro carbons, can be used as the catalyzer that the alkene selective oxidation prepares epoxide.
Patent US4410501 discloses the synthetic method of TS-1 molecular sieve first.At first, the aqueous solution, organic titanate and the organosilicon acid esters with TPAOH is the titaniferous colloidal silica solution of feedstock production.Then, directly synthetic by hydrothermal crystallizing.The invention of this new catalytic material is laid a good foundation for the friendly technology with development environment of the hydrocarbon oxidization of research highly selective.But because TS-1 is the micro-pore zeolite with MFI structure, its aperture has only 0.55 nanometer, the oxidizing reaction that can not catalysis organic macromolecule (as tetrahydrobenzene and vinylbenzene etc.) participates in; When being oxygenant with the organo-peroxide in addition, TS-1 does not almost have catalytic activity.
It is catalyzer that patent US3923843 and US4367342 disclose with titaniferous amorphous silica, and ethylbenzene hydroperoxide (EBHP) can be a propylene oxide with Selective Oxidation of Propylene.But because its specific surface area of amorphous silica carrier and the pore volume that are adopted are little, the charge capacity of titanium is difficult to improve, and activity of such catalysts is low, and the internal diffusion performance of catalyzer is also poor simultaneously.Therefore, to be difficult to competent be the catalysis epoxidation system of oxygenant with other superoxide (as isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide) to such catalyzer.
It is oxygenant that patent CN1500004A and CN 1248579A disclose with isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide (CHP) or ethylbenzene hydroperoxide (EBHP), and the Ti-MCM41 catalyzer can become propylene oxide with Selective Oxidation of Propylene.But because the Ti-MCM41 catalyzer adopts expensive quaternary ammonium salt to make template in building-up process, need long crystallization process simultaneously, the production efficiency of catalyzer is low, thereby causes the manufacturing cost height of catalyzer, and the industrial economy of propylene oxide is subjected to remarkably influenced.
It is the novel titanium-containing molecular sieve catalyst (Ti-HMS) with mesoporous feature of oxygenant selective oxidation 2,6 di t butyl phenol and benzene with the hydrogen peroxide that Nature magazine (1994,368,321) has been introduced a kind of.The Ti-HMS catalyzer is that the mixing solutions with water, ethanol and Virahol is a solvent, with isopropyl titanate and tetraethoxy be raw material, to adopt positive amino dodecane be template, synthetic at ambient temperature.Compare with Ti-MCM41, Ti-HMS has better Technological Economy.But the document be not to do any research aspect the oxidizer catalytic olefin oxide with the organo-peroxide to the Ti-HMS catalyzer.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention be produce in the prior art that the catalyst activity of epoxide is low, mass transfer effect difference and the high problem of production cost, a kind of new method that is used to produce epoxide is provided.This method has catalyst activity and selectivity height, and mass transfer effect reaches the low characteristics of production cost well.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows: a kind of method that is used to produce epoxide, with alkene and organo-peroxide is raw material, reaction system is the inert non-polar compound is solvent, in temperature of reaction is 25～200 ℃, the reaction absolute pressure is 0.1～10MPa, the mol ratio of alkene and organo-peroxide is 1～20: 1, the mol ratio of solvent and alkene is 0.01～60: 1, catalyst levels be reacted under 0.1～10% condition of weight of solvent 0.5～24 hour epoxide, wherein used catalyzer is Ti-HMS, and its preparation may further comprise the steps:
A) under inert atmosphere, be the silicon source with silicon alkyl acid esters and positive silicon ester, titanic acid ester is the titanium source, general formula is RNH
2Organic amine be template, organic alcohol and water is a solvent; Wherein R is the chain alkylene that contains 7～36 carbon atoms, with molar ratio computing Si/Ti=5～200, RNH
2/ Si=0.01～1: 1, water/pure volume ratio is 0.01～5: 1, silicon alkyl acid esters/positive silicon ester=0.001～1: 1; Above-mentioned reaction mixture was at room temperature stirred crystallization 0.5～48 hour, and crystallized product extracts template with extraction agent after separating, washing then, the dry catalyst Precursors that gets;
B) the above-mentioned catalyst Precursors that obtains was flooded 0.5～100 hour with the organic silicon solution that is dissolved in the organic solvent at 25～400 ℃, obtain the Ti-HMS catalyzer of handling through silanization; Wherein organosilyl consumption is 10～70% of a catalyst Precursors weight.
In the technique scheme, described alkene preferred version is alkene, cycloolefin or fragrant alkene; Described organo-peroxide preferred version is ethylbenzene hydroperoxide, isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide, tertbutyl peroxide or cyclohexyl hydroperoxide; It is described that reaction system is inert non-polar compound preferred version is ethylbenzene, isopropyl benzene, Trimethylmethane and hexanaphthene.The temperature of reaction preferable range is 40～130 ℃, reaction absolute pressure preferable range is 0.1～5.0MPa, the mol ratio preferable range of alkene and organo-peroxide is 2～15: 1, the mol ratio preferable range of solvent and alkene is 0.1～20: 1, and the catalyst consumption preferable range is 0.5～5% of a weight of solvent.A) acid esters of silicon alkyl described in step preferred version is for being selected from methyl siliconic acid trimethyl, dimethyl-silicon dimethyl phthalate, methyl siliconic acid triethyl, benzene siliconic acid trimethyl, benzene siliconic acid triethyl, vinyl silicic acid triethyl or vinyl silicic acid trimethyl; Described silicon ester preferred version is methyl silicate, tetraethoxy, positive silicic acid n-propyl, positive isopropyl silicate or butyl silicate; Described titanic acid ester preferred version is metatitanic acid tetramethyl ester, tetraethyl titanate, metatitanic acid orthocarbonate, titanium isopropylate, tetrabutyl titanate or metatitanic acid four isobutyl esters; Described pure preferred version is at least a in methyl alcohol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, Virahol, vinyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, propyl carbinol, isopropylcarbinol, the trimethyl carbinol, amylalcohol, hexalin, ethylene glycol or the propylene glycol; The R preferred version is the chain alkylene that contains 10～20 carbon atoms, and more preferably scheme is the chain alkylene that contains 12～18 carbon atoms; Described inert atmosphere preferred version is for being selected from N
2, Ar, He or CO
2Described extraction agent preferred version is for being selected from methyl alcohol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, Virahol, vinyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, propyl carbinol, isopropylcarbinol, the trimethyl carbinol, amylalcohol, hexalin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dme, ether, di-n-propyl ether, diisopropyl ether, butyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, divinyl ether or vinyl ether.A) be 10～100 with molar ratio computing Si/Ti preferable range in the step, RNH
2/ Si preferable range is 0.1～5: 1, and water/pure volume ratio preferable range is 0.1～2: 1, and silicon alkyl acid esters/positive silicon ester preferable range is 0.01～0.5: 1, and crystallization time preferable range is 1～24 hour.B) in the step organosilicon preferred version for being selected from halosilanes, at least a in silazane or the silylamine, wherein the halosilanes preferred version is for being selected from trimethylchlorosilane, chlorotriethyl silane, the tripropyl chlorosilane, the tributyl chlorosilane, chlorodimethyl silane, dimethyldichlorosilane(DMCS), the 3,5-dimethylphenyl chlorosilane, the dimethyl ethyl chlorosilane, dimethyl n propyl chloride silane, dimethyl isopropyl chloride silane, normal-butyl dimethylchlorosilane or aminomethyl phenyl chlorosilane, more preferably scheme is for being selected from trimethylchlorosilane, chlorotriethyl silane, chlorodimethyl silane, dimethyldichlorosilane(DMCS), 3,5-dimethylphenyl chlorosilane or dimethyl ethyl chlorosilane; The silazane preferred version is for being selected from hexamethyldisilazane, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-disilazane, 1,3-two (chloromethyl) tetramethyl-disilazane, 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-disilazane or 1,3-phenylbenzene tetramethyl-disilazane, more preferably scheme is for being selected from hexamethyldisilazane or 1,1,3, the 3-tetramethyl-disilazane; The silylamine preferred version is for being selected from N-trimethyl-silyl-imidazole, N-t-butyldimethylsilyl imidazoles, N-dimethylethylsilyl imidazoles, N-dimethyl n propyl group silyl imidazoles, N-dimethyl sec.-propyl silyl imidazoles, N-trimethyl silyl dimethyl amine or N-trimethyl silyl diethylamide, and more preferably scheme is for being selected from N-trimethyl-silyl-imidazole, N-dimethylethylsilyl imidazoles, N-trimethyl silyl dimethyl amine or N-trimethyl silyl diethylamide; Silanization temperature preferable range is 50～350 ℃, and silanization time preferable range is 1～48 hour.B) preferred version of organic solvent described in the step is to be selected from least a in benzene,toluene,xylene, trimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, triethyl-benzene, isopropyl benzene, hexane, hexanaphthene, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane or the dodecane.
In the building-up process of catalyzer,, cause titanic acid ester to be converted into titanium dioxide and can't to enter skeleton easily, thereby influence the epoxidation performance of catalyzer because the hydrolysis rate of titanic acid ester is faster than silicon ester.Therefore, preferably add acid or alkali in building-up process in reaction mixture, the mol ratio of acid or alkali and silicon ester is 0.001～10, to regulate the hydrolysis rate of the two.Wherein acid is selected from hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetate or propionic acid, and alkali is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, yellow soda ash, salt of wormwood or ammoniacal liquor.
Catalyzer among the present invention is at 960 ± 10cm of infrared absorpting light spectra
-1All have charateristic avsorption band with 210 ± 10nm place at uv-visible absorption spectra figure, this indicate titanium grafting in silicon dioxide skeleton and formed active titanium species with four-coordination structure.
Epoxidation reaction of the present invention can be carried out in slurry bed or fixed bed.Because the catalyzer for preparing among the present invention is a kind of typical heterogeneous catalyst, so, in adopting the epoxide reaction liquid that this method produced, not containing catalyzer substantially, product is not subjected to catalyst contamination.
Synthetic Ti-HMS among the present invention adopts cheap organic amine to make template, adopts difunctional silicon source reagent simultaneously, does the silicon source with the positive silicon ester of silicon alkyl acid esters instead of part, makes the wetting ability of catalyst surface obtain weakening to a certain degree.In addition, the catalyst Precursors of handling without silanization among the present invention is because abundant silicon hydroxyl and titanium hydroxyl are contained in its surface, so possess hydrophilic property and acidity, yield and the selectivity of catalyzer to epoxide in this remarkably influenced.In order to improve the epoxidation performance of catalyzer, catalyst Precursors is carried out silanization handle, the hydroxyl that its surface is existed is converted into the alkyl siloxy, strengthens hydrophobic nature, reduces acid.The raising of catalyzer hydrophobic nature can reduce the absorption of polarity oxidation products at catalyst surface, also can avoid the loss of active constituent titanium on the catalyzer.Synthetic specific surface area of catalyst and pore volume are big among the present invention, and the charge capacity of titanium can be guaranteed, so the activity of such catalysts height, the internal diffusion performance of catalyzer might as well simultaneously.When therefore the synthetic catalyzer is used to prepare epoxide among the present invention, the catalyst activity height, the selectivity of product height has been obtained better technical effect.
The invention will be further elaborated below by embodiment.
Embodiment
[embodiment 1]
Under room temperature, nitrogen atmosphere and stirring, 16.0 gram cetylamines are dissolved in 80 milliliters of H
2In the mixing solutions of O, 60 milliliters of ethanol and 5 milliliters of (1 mol) hydrochloric acid, be stirred to solution and be a phase.To be dissolved in 50.0 in 30 milliliters of ethanol grams tetraethoxy, 10.6 gram dimethyl-silicon diethyl phthalates and be dissolved in the gram of 4.0 in 10 milliliters of ethanol tetrabutyl titanate and join simultaneously in the above-mentioned mixing solutions, and stir after 30 minutes crystallization 24 hours.Filter resulting decorating film then, the solid after filtering is put into ion exchange column, carry out vacuum hydro-extraction with alcohol solvent and handle, to remove template wherein.Distilled water wash three times of extraction back 60 ℃ of vacuum-dryings, promptly get catalyst Precursors then.In one 100 milliliters there-necked flask, add 50 milliliters of cumene solutions that contain 4.0 gram hexamethyldisilazanes, the catalyst Precursors of the above-mentioned preparation of 10.0 grams is joined in the flask, under stirring and refluxing, elevated temperature to 150 ℃, and reaction 4 hours under this temperature.Under this temperature, the hexamethyldisilazane of evaporated in vacuo remnants and isopropyl benzene solvent promptly make the Ti-HMS catalyzer of handling through silanization then.Its specific surface area is 950 meters
2/ gram, pore volume is 1.0 centimetres
3/ gram, mean pore size is
[embodiment 2]
Except with the gram dimethyl-silicon diethyl phthalate of 10.6 in [embodiment 1], replace with outside the 8.5 gram dimethyl-silicon dimethyl phthalates, all the other conditions are with [embodiment 1].The finished product Ti-HMS specific surface area of catalyst that so makes is 920 meters
2/ gram, pore volume is 0.95 centimetre
3/ gram, mean pore size is
[embodiment 3]
Except the amount of tetrabutyl titanate was 5.0 grams, all the other conditions were identical with [embodiment 1].The finished product Ti-HMS specific surface area of catalyst that so makes is 900 meters
2/ gram, pore volume is 0.90 centimetre
3/ gram, mean pore size is
[embodiment 4]
Except the amount of tetrabutyl titanate was 2.5 grams, all the other conditions were identical with [embodiment 1].The finished product Ti-HMS specific surface area of catalyst that so makes is 940 meters
2/ gram, pore volume is 0.95 centimetre
3/ gram, mean pore size is
[embodiment 5]
Except template was 12.5 gram amino dodecanes, all the other conditions were identical with [embodiment 1].The finished product Ti-HMS specific surface area of catalyst that so makes is 970 meters
2/ gram, pore volume is 1.0 centimetres
3/ gram, mean pore size is
[embodiment 6]
Except template was 10.0 gram cetylamines and 5.0 gram amino dodecanes, all the other conditions were identical with [embodiment 1].The specific surface area of the finished product Ti-HMS catalyzer that so makes is 950 meters
2/ gram, pore volume is 1.1 centimetres
3/ gram, mean pore size is
[comparative example 1]
In room temperature with under stirring, 4.3 gram tetrabutyl titanates are joined the ethanolic soln that forms tetrabutyl titanate in 20 milliliters of ethanol, restrain commercially available silica gel (80-120 order, 340 meters of the specific surface areas that dryings were handled with 20.0
2/ gram, 0.71 centimetre of pore volume
3/ gram, mean pore size
) join in 60 milliliters of ethanol.Then in nitrogen atmosphere, the ethanolic soln of tetrabutyl titanate is added drop-wise in the ethanol that contains commercially available silica gel, at room temperature stir 2 hours after-filtration of this mixture, and with washing with alcohol three times.Solid under air conditions after 110 ℃ of above-mentioned filtrations of oven dry 12 hours 600 ℃ of roastings 4 hours, promptly gets catalyst Precursors.Silicane Method is identical with [embodiment 1].Its specific surface area of the catalyzer that so makes is 270 meters
2/ gram, pore volume is 0.61 centimetre
3/ gram, mean pore size is
[comparative example 2]
Restrain commercially available silica gel (80-120 order, 340 meters of the specific surface areas that dryings were handled with 20.0
2/ gram, 0.71 centimetre of pore volume
3/ gram, mean pore size
) be immersed in 60 milliliters of octane solvents.Under stirring and nitrogen atmosphere, will be dissolved with 2.4 gram TiCl
420 milliliters of octane mixtures be added drop-wise in the above-mentioned paste mixture, be warming up to 100 ℃ after constant temperature stirring and refluxing 2 hours, elevated temperature to 150 ℃ solvent evaporated under vacuum condition then.The sample of above-mentioned acquisition is put in the quartz tube reactor, in nitrogen atmosphere, elevated temperature to 700 ℃, and this roasting temperature 2 hours, reduce the temperature to 300 ℃ after, feed saturated steam 3.0 grams, nitrogen purging 2 hours.Further reduce temperature to 220 ℃, the nitrogen that will contain 6.0 gram hexamethyldisilazane saturation steams under this temperature were used nitrogen purging 2 hours then by beds, promptly made the TiO that handles through silanization
2/ SiO
2Catalyzer.Its specific surface area of the catalyzer that so makes is 280 meters
2/ gram, pore volume is 0.65 centimetre
3/ gram, mean pore size is
[embodiment 7～12]
Preparing epoxypropane by epoxidation of propene (PO)
In 300 milliliters of stainless steel autoclaves, add catalyzer 2.0 grams of [embodiment 1～6], the cumene solution of 46.0 gram 35.0 (weight) % isopropyl benzene hydroperoxides (CHP), behind the elevated temperature to 90 ℃, add 43.0 gram propylene, system pressure is 1.5MPa, stirring reaction 2 hours.Reaction result sees Table 1.
[comparative example 3～4]
The catalyzer of [comparative example 1～2] is checked and rated according to [embodiment 7～12], and reaction result sees Table 1.
Table 1
[embodiment 13～18]
Preparing epoxypropane by epoxidation of propene (PO)
In 300 milliliters of stainless steel autoclaves, add catalyzer 2.0 grams of [embodiment 1～6], the ethylbenzene solution of 71.0 gram 20 (weight) % ethylbenzene hydroperoxides (EBHP), behind the elevated temperature to 80 ℃, add 35.0 gram propylene, system pressure is 1.3MPa, stirring reaction 2 hours.Reaction result sees Table 2.
[comparative example 5～6]
The catalyzer of [comparative example 1～2] is checked and rated according to [embodiment 13～18], and reaction result sees Table 2.
Table 2
[embodiment 19～24]
The cyclohexene ring oxidation prepares epoxy cyclohexane (CHO)
In 100 milliliters of Florence flasks, add catalyzer 1.0 grams of [embodiment 1～6], the cumene solution of 23.0 gram 35.0 (weight) % isopropyl benzene hydroperoxides (CHP), behind the elevated temperature to 60 ℃, add 8.5 gram tetrahydrobenzene, system pressure is 0.1MPa, under agitation reacts 1 hour.Reaction result sees Table 3.
[comparative example 7～8]
The catalyzer of [comparative example 1～2] is checked and rated according to [embodiment 19～24], and reaction result sees Table 3.
Table 3
[embodiment 25～30]
Epoxidation of styrene prepares Styryl oxide (SMO)
In 100 milliliters of Florence flasks, add catalyzer 1.0 grams of [embodiment 1～6], the cumene solution of 23.0 gram 35.0 (weight) % isopropyl benzene hydroperoxides (CHP), behind the elevated temperature to 80 ℃, add 11.0 gram vinylbenzene, system pressure is 0.1MPa, stirring reaction 2 hours.Reaction result sees Table 4.
[comparative example 9～10]
The catalyzer of [comparative example 1～2] is checked and rated according to [embodiment 25～30], and reaction result sees Table 4.
Table 4
Claims (10)
1, a kind of method that is used to produce epoxide, with alkene and organo-peroxide is raw material, reaction system is the inert non-polar compound is solvent, in temperature of reaction is 25～200 ℃, the reaction absolute pressure is 0.1～10MPa, the mol ratio of alkene and organo-peroxide is 1～20: 1, the mol ratio of solvent and alkene is 0.01～60: 1, catalyst levels be reacted under 0.1～10% condition of weight of solvent 0.5～24 hour epoxide, wherein used catalyzer is Ti-HMS, and its preparation may further comprise the steps:
A) under inert atmosphere, be the silicon source with silicon alkyl acid esters and positive silicon ester, titanic acid ester is the titanium source, general formula is RNH
2Organic amine be template, organic alcohol and water is a solvent; Wherein R is the chain alkylene that contains 7～36 carbon atoms, with molar ratio computing Si/Ti=5～200, RNH
2/ Si=0.01～1: 1, water/pure volume ratio is 0.01～5: 1, silicon alkyl acid esters/positive silicon ester=0.001～1: 1; Above-mentioned reaction mixture was at room temperature stirred crystallization 0.5～48 hour, and crystallized product extracts template with extraction agent after separating, washing then, the dry catalyst Precursors that gets;
B) the above-mentioned catalyst Precursors that obtains was flooded 0.5～100 hour with the organic silicon solution that is dissolved in the organic solvent at 25～400 ℃, obtain the Ti-HMS catalyzer of handling through silanization; Wherein organosilyl consumption is 10～70% of a catalyst Precursors weight.
2,, it is characterized in that described alkene is alkene, cycloolefin or fragrant alkene according to the described method that is used to produce epoxide of claim 1; Described organo-peroxide is ethylbenzene hydroperoxide, isopropyl benzene hydroperoxide, tertbutyl peroxide or cyclohexyl hydroperoxide; It is described that reaction system is the inert non-polar compound is ethylbenzene, isopropyl benzene, Trimethylmethane or hexanaphthene.
3, according to the described method that is used to produce epoxide of claim 1, it is characterized in that temperature of reaction is 40～110 ℃, the reaction absolute pressure is 0.1～5.0MPa, the mol ratio of alkene and organo-peroxide is 2～15: 1, the mol ratio of solvent and alkene is 0.1～20: 1, and catalyst consumption is 0.5～5% of a weight of solvent.
4,, it is characterized in that a) acid esters of silicon alkyl described in the step is methyl siliconic acid trimethyl, dimethyl-silicon dimethyl phthalate, methyl siliconic acid triethyl, benzene siliconic acid trimethyl, benzene siliconic acid triethyl, vinyl silicic acid triethyl or vinyl silicic acid trimethyl according to the described method that is used to produce epoxide of claim 1; Described silicon ester is methyl silicate, tetraethoxy, positive silicic acid n-propyl, positive isopropyl silicate or butyl silicate; Described titanic acid ester is metatitanic acid tetramethyl ester, tetraethyl titanate, metatitanic acid orthocarbonate, titanium isopropylate, tetrabutyl titanate or metatitanic acid four isobutyl esters; Described alcohol is at least a in methyl alcohol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, Virahol, vinyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, propyl carbinol, isopropylcarbinol, the trimethyl carbinol, amylalcohol, hexalin, ethylene glycol or the propylene glycol; R is the chain alkylene that contains 10～20 carbon atoms; Described inert atmosphere is N
2, Ar, He or CO
2Described extraction agent is methyl alcohol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, Virahol, vinyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, propyl carbinol, isopropylcarbinol, the trimethyl carbinol, amylalcohol, hexalin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dme, ether, di-n-propyl ether, diisopropyl ether, butyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, divinyl ether or vinyl ether.
5,, it is characterized in that a) in the step with molar ratio computing Si/Ti=10～100, RNH according to the described method that is used to produce epoxide of claim 1
2/ Si=0.1～5: 1, water/pure volume ratio is 0.1～2: 1, silicon alkyl acid esters/positive silicon ester=0.01～0.5: 1, the crystallization time is 1～24 hour.
6, according to the described method that is used to produce epoxide of claim 1, it is characterized in that b) organosilicon is selected from least a in halosilanes, silazane or the silylamine in the step, and the silanization temperature is 50～350 ℃, and the silanization time is 1～48 hour.
7,, it is characterized in that halosilanes is selected from trimethylchlorosilane, chlorotriethyl silane, tripropyl chlorosilane, tributyl chlorosilane, chlorodimethyl silane, dimethyldichlorosilane(DMCS), 3,5-dimethylphenyl chlorosilane, dimethyl ethyl chlorosilane, dimethyl n propyl chloride silane, dimethyl isopropyl chloride silane, normal-butyl dimethylchlorosilane or aminomethyl phenyl chlorosilane according to the described method that is used to produce epoxide of claim 6; Silazane is selected from hexamethyldisilazane, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-disilazane, 1,3-two (chloromethyl) tetramethyl-disilazane, 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-disilazane or 1,3-phenylbenzene tetramethyl-disilazane; Silylamine is selected from N-trimethyl-silyl-imidazole, N-t-butyldimethylsilyl imidazoles, N-dimethylethylsilyl imidazoles, N-dimethyl n propyl group silyl imidazoles, N-dimethyl sec.-propyl silyl imidazoles, N-trimethyl silyl dimethyl amine or N-trimethyl silyl diethylamide.
8,, it is characterized in that halosilanes is selected from trimethylchlorosilane, chlorotriethyl silane, chlorodimethyl silane, dimethyldichlorosilane(DMCS), 3,5-dimethylphenyl chlorosilane or dimethyl ethyl chlorosilane according to the described method that is used to produce epoxide of claim 7; Silazane is selected from hexamethyldisilazane or 1,1,3, the 3-tetramethyl-disilazane; Silylamine is selected from N-trimethyl-silyl-imidazole, N-dimethylethylsilyl imidazoles, N-trimethyl silyl dimethyl amine or N-trimethyl silyl diethylamide.
9, according to the described method that is used to produce epoxide of claim 1, it is characterized in that b) organic solvent described in the step is selected from least a in benzene,toluene,xylene, trimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, triethyl-benzene, isopropyl benzene, hexane, hexanaphthene, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane or the dodecane.
10, according to the described method for preparing epoxide of claim 1, it is characterized in that a) also containing acid or alkali in the step reaction mixture, the mol ratio of acid or alkali and silicon ester is 0.001～10: 1, wherein acid is selected from hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetate or propionic acid, and alkali is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, yellow soda ash, salt of wormwood or ammoniacal liquor.
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