CN101341483B - User interface searching and displaying legal case histories - Google Patents
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- CN101341483B CN101341483B CN200680033627.0A CN200680033627A CN101341483B CN 101341483 B CN101341483 B CN 101341483B CN 200680033627 A CN200680033627 A CN 200680033627A CN 101341483 B CN101341483 B CN 101341483B
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Abstract
An exemplary legal research system provides graphical user interfaces to client access devices, with the user interfaces specifically designed to facilitate access to procedural case histories. Each interface is dynamically customized based on the procedural relationships of a plurality of legal cases to provide hyperlinks to corresponding case law documents. The hyperlinks are positioned within indicator band of the interface to indicate corresponding tiers of a court system, but also to mirror the procedural and temporal relationships of legal cases corresponding to the case law documents. Additionally, the exemplary interface includes case validity indicators to signal the precedential value or status of corresponding legal cases. The graphical user interface, in some embodiments, provides analogous access to statutory information.
Description
Copyright statement
One or more parts of patent document comprise material protected by copyright.The copyright owner does not oppose that anyone carries out facsimile reproduction to patent document or patent disclosure, as it, in patent and trademark office patent file or record, occur like that, in any case still retain in other respects all copyrights.Following statement is applicable to this document: copyright 2005, Thomson Legal andRegulatory, Inc.
Related application
The application requires the U.S. Patent application No.11/370 submitted on March 6th, 2006,194 right of priority, and it is the U.S. Patent application No.11/182 submitted on July 13rd, 2005,028 continuation.The application is involved in the U.S. Patent application No.09/746 submitted on Dec 22nd, 2000, and 557, it is the U.S. Patent application No.09/120 submitted on July 21st, 1998,170 continuation.All these applications all are bonded to this with for referencial use.
Technical field
Various embodiment of the present invention relates to for making the user carry out system, method and the software of (interface) alternately with document, and described document is such as being judicial opinion or legal precedent (case) document with complicated time, semanteme and/or legal relation.
Background
The legal system of the U.S. and more in the world other legal system depend critically upon written judicial opinion (being judge's written statement) and illustrate or explain the law that management resolves a dispute.Each judicial opinion is not only important for solving specific legal dispute, and is also very important for not solving or avoid similar dispute or legal precedent.Due to this reason, the bench and bar in American legal constantly studies the entity of suggestion or the case law in the past of always expanding, to find those suggestions or the legal precedent the most relevant to solving new dispute.
For the ease of carrying out described search, Thomson Legaland Regulatory such as the St.Paul of Minnesota, Inc. the judicial opinion of the court in the entire United States scope is collected and announces by the company of (as Thomson West operation) and so on electronic form, and makes described judicial opinion can be used for online researcher by its Westlaw research service.Many described suggestions are announced with reference citation or together with the hyperlink of historical related opinions, and described historical related opinions is known as previous legal precedent, and it is from before all or part of identical dispute there being other courts of ruling.
Described quoting with hyperlink makes the researcher to access electronically related opinions at an easy rate in described Westlaw Study system.For example, usually will not only quote the suggestion from federal circuit court of appeals (for the inferior high court of patent legal precedent) from the suggestion in the patent legal precedent of U.S.'s the last resort (being the last resort of the U.S.), but also will quote the suggestion of the local federal court that starts described patent legal precedent, thereby provide this legal precedent by the document record of the historical or progress of the United States Federal's judicial system.
Dispute is particular importance by the historical or progress of court's system, and this is because the follow-up legal precedent in chain may be overthrown one or more parts of previous legal precedent.Therefore, before the ruling in depending on any given legal precedent, the bench and bar need to understand its history.For this purpose, described Westlaw Study system comprises a kind of KeyCite feature, and it not only provides the order legal precedent list of the history of any in fact given legal precedent of formation, but also the Short Description to the relation between each legal precedent is provided.For example, the history list that has two legal precedents may be listed the motion (motion) that a legal precedent license proposes in another legal precedent.This list is very powerful instrument.
Yet the present inventor recognizes, the historical very complex of some legal precedents, and be difficult to follow sequential list.For list a legal precedent more than once, present between the legal precedent gapped list of tool or list the history list of a plurality of legal precedents of the given previous legal precedent of impact especially like this.
Therefore, the present inventor recognizes, user and the mutual better mode of history-sensitive legal precedent of making need to be arranged especially.
The accompanying drawing summary
Fig. 1 is the block scheme that can be used to automatically generate the computer system of case law reference data in Law Text disposal system according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 A-2D illustrates the snapshot be displayed to according to the example of the user's of case law cited system of the present invention user interface;
Fig. 3 shows the diagram according to the data flow in case law cited system of the present invention;
Fig. 4 shows the diagram of the more details of the data flow in the case law cited system of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 show the part that can be used as described case law cited system according to diagram of quoting recognition system of the present invention;
Fig. 6 shows according to of the present invention for quoting the process flow diagram of identification and the method for proof procedure;
Fig. 7 shows according to the process flow diagram for the method for quoting checking of the present invention;
Fig. 8 shows the diagram according to negative historical deterministic process of the present invention;
Fig. 9 shows the process flow diagram according to the method for definite processing degree of depth to legal precedent of the present invention; And
Figure 10 shows according to the diagram for the method for distributing subject content classification of the present invention.
The description of exemplary embodiment
This instructions with reference to and combine accompanying drawing and combine appendix and appended claims, its description has also illustrated one or more exemplary embodiment of the present invention.These embodiment are not in order to be limited, to be only that these embodiment are illustrated and describe by the details with enough in order to carry out illustration and instruction, in order to make those skilled in the art can make and use the present invention.Therefore, avoiding in fuzzy suitable situation of the present invention, this instructions can omit some information that the technician in association area has known.
Some embodiments of the present invention are specially adapted to computer implemented Law Text disposal system and for semi-automatically identifying the feature (such as quoting and quoting) in juristic writing and identifying this juristic writing and be stored in the method for the relation between other juristic writings of database.Described juristic writing can be legal precedent, decree, law review article, ALR article or law paper.In the situation of legal precedent, exemplary embodiment is described.Yet, will be appreciated that, system and a method according to the invention has wider practicality, and can be used to different juristic writings, such as decree, legislation history and administrative procedures and patent.Some embodiment are applied to nonlegal document to the instruction here, such as scientific literature.
Before describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, will be briefly described being used to describe term of the present invention.Any report judgement of supposing legal precedent is when this law is write, this authority of law to be stated.Subsequently, event afterwards may affect the authority of the judgement of this legal precedent.These events afterwards can comprise the program afterwards of identical pendend lite or written judgement (for example directly historical), from by different way or use different reasonings to solve same problem and overthrown the judgement of the legal precedent afterwards of the different lawsuits of legal precedent in the early time or from differently solving same problem but clearly do not overthrow the judgement of legal precedent afterwards of the different lawsuits of described legal precedent.The direct history of legal precedent can comprise the record as the contact between the legal precedent of the part of identical lawsuit.Described direct history can have the different degrees of correlation, and can comprise positive historical (maintaining or support the authority of described legal precedent) or negative history (for example described legal precedent may no longer have its once all authority).The indirect history of legal precedent is legal precedent and be not the record contacted between other legal precedents of a part of identical lawsuit.The indirect history of legal precedent can be front or negative.The importance of specific legal precedent usually can be meaned by the discussion quantity (being amount of text) that (it can follow, overthrows or explain this legal precedent) used in the process of the judgement that another legal precedent is discussed of legal precedent afterwards.As described below, this is known as the processing degree of depth to this legal precedent.One or more embodiment described herein can also realize on a system, and such as the system of describing in the common pending trial U.S. Patent application 10/751,269 of submitting on Dec 30th, 2003, this patented claim is bonded to this with for referencial use.
Fig. 1 be wherein can specific implementation computer system 30 of the present invention block scheme.This system can semi-automatically be identified the feature (such as quoting and quoting) in the legal precedent document, and generates subsequently the information in the context of other legal precedents about this legal precedent.This computer system can comprise computing machine 32, server 34 and a plurality of client computer 36.Computing machine 32 can also comprise CPU (central processing unit) (CPU) 38, storer 40 and one or more process 42, and described process can be the software application be stored in storer 40.Described CPU controls the operation of described computing machine, and execution is stored in the software application in described storer.In operation, be fed in this computing machine corresponding to the multinomial electronic data of the text of announcing judgement of described legal precedent, and be temporarily stored in storer 40.In the following discussion, the written comment of described legal precedent is known as legal precedent.Can be included in the described process comprised in the described software application in described storer by described CPU utilization processes automatically to each electronic data (being each written comment of legal precedent), in order to generate the information about described legal precedent, as following described.For example, described CPU can carry out following operation: resolve the text of described legal precedent so that identification quotes the candidate of other legal precedents (being invalidated), and mark these quote for aftertreatment; Identify that candidate in the text of described legal precedent (being invalidated) quotes and the described text of mark correspondingly; Verify the source of quoting in the text of described legal precedent; Determine the processing degree of depth (based on certain preassigned, determining the importance of the legal precedent of quoting) of the legal precedent of quoting; Determine the negative processing of described legal precedent; And according to the predtermined category system, subject content text (such as annotations and comments) is distributed to respectively quoting in described legal precedent.Each described process can the software application in storer 40 be carried out, and described software application is carried out by CPU 38.Below the details of each described process will be described.
Once, after having been completed and processed by process 42, just output is corresponding to the data recording 44 of specific legal precedent for computing machine 32, it comprises: about the information of the history of this legal precedent; Information about the processing degree of depth of respectively quoting of this legal precedent; The information of respectively quoting about this legal precedent; And about the information of every subject content text of quoting being assigned in this legal precedent (i.e. annotations and comments).The data recording generated for each legal precedent by computing machine 32 can be stored in the database 33 in server 32.Subsequently, user's request of one of them of described a plurality of client computer 36 is about the information of a legal precedent, server 34 each data recording generation based on being stored in database 33 comprises the user interface about the various information of asked legal precedent, and presents the various information about this legal precedent to the user who consults this legal precedent.
An example of the user's who is provided for each client computer user interface is described below with reference to Fig. 2 A-2D.In this manner, the user of this client computer can ask the data about specific legal precedent, and system according to the present invention provides described data to this user.
When computing machine 32 receives the electronic data corresponding to the text of every written comment of new law legal precedent, process this legal precedent like that according to above-described, and the result of described processing is used as data recording 44 and is stored in the database 33 in server 34.The user of each client computer can retrieve the data about specific legal precedent subsequently from server 34.Therefore, when server 34 provides the data about legal precedent to one or more users of each client computer, computing machine 32 can be processed each additional new law legal precedent and adding in the database 33 in server 34 corresponding to the information of this new law legal precedent simultaneously.Below more detailed description is provided for to the preferred, users interface of client computer and an example of information.
Fig. 2 A-2D shows according to of the present invention and is provided for client computer and by the snapshot of the example of the preferred, users interface of its demonstration and information.Fig. 2 A shows the computer screen 50 on client computer, and this client computer is just showing the legal precedent that the user by this particular clients computing machine consults, and wherein this user interface has Windows form, tool bar, drop-down menu etc.In this embodiment, this demonstration is the text that is known as the legal precedent of Pleasant v.Celli, and it is adjudicated by Gary Fu Niya the Court of Appeal.As mentioned above, for any application of legal precedent, have clearly defined form, thereby be convenient in the text of the written comment of this legal precedent identification, these are quoted.In order to access the more information about shown legal precedent, the user of described client computer can be by clicking " KC " button 52 or clicking symbol 54 and select the service of quoting from services menu 51, and the described service of quoting is known as KeyCite
tM.KeyCite
tMit is assignee's of the present invention person who quote's (citator) trade mark.This symbol can be colour symbolism (for example flag), and it provides the fast state of this legal precedent.As described below, red coloured flag can warn that at least certain part of this consulted legal precedent may not be good law, yellow coloured flag can show that this legal precedent has certain negative history, or another colour symbolism (such as blue H) can show that this legal precedent has certain non-negative history.Yet, the invention is not restricted to symbol or the color of any particular type.Once the user of described client computer just can show the screen shown in Fig. 2 B after having selected in some way described person who quote's system.
Fig. 2 B shows the snapshot of an example of the computer screen 50 that the present invention can adopt, and it has control interface part 58 and shows part 60.The control interface of this demonstration partly allows the shown information of customization.For example, if selected the first radio button 62, can show the complete history of this legal precedent, comprising negative or positive direct history, negative indirect history and any relevant references.If selected the second radio button 64, can only show negative direct and indirect history.If selected the 3rd radio button 66, can only show the direct history of this legal precedent, thus unrealistic any less important direct history (comprising list of references), direct history far away (such as the appeal after remanding a lawsuit for a new trial) and slightly negative indirect history.The control section 58 of described demonstration can also show to be regarded as the legal precedent number of the history of this legal precedent.Control section 58 can also comprise the 4th radio button 68 and the number of references purpose of this shown legal precedent is indicated.When selecting the 4th radio button, show the list of other documents.
In the example shown in Fig. 2 B, shown the complete history of described Pleasant v.Celli legal precedent.As shown in the figure, in showing part 60, shown various types of history, such as direct historical and negative indirect history, it is separated from each other by title.For each history, can indicate the relation between listed legal precedent and source legal precedent to Short Description or the label of described history, such as " suggestion quilt ... invalid ", " not by ... agree " or " with ... disagree ".In this embodiment, leading decision morning of identical court is invalid by described Pleasant legal precedent.(appendix demonstrates other example interface that can use in combination with the embodiment that describe by Fig. 2 B and/or describe in other places of this instructions.) referring now to Fig. 2 C, quoting described legal precedent described.
Fig. 2 C is an example that demonstrates the snapshot of computer screen 50, and it has control interface part 58 and shows part 60.This screen display has gone out to quote each legal precedent of this current consulted legal precedent (being the Pleasant v.Celli in this example).In this snapshot, selected the 4th radio button 68.Therefore, described control section can also have button 70, and it allows the user of described system to limit the shown type of quoting, as described below with reference to Fig. 2 D.Show that part 60 can also show quotation marks symbol 72 and process degree of depth symbol 74, described symbol with for quoting of described legal precedent, be associated, it refers to interested legal precedent.Quotation marks symbol 72 shows that quoted legal precedent directly quotes from described interested legal precedent (in this embodiment, Lubner v.City of Los Angeles comprises quoting from Pleasant v.Celli).Below will describe a kind of according to the method for quoting and verify described source of quoting for identification of the present invention.Processing degree of depth symbol 74 can be for example one or many stars, and the number of its culminant star shows the degree for the treatment of of the written comment of this legal precedent, for example, the amount of text for described legal precedent interested in the legal precedent suggestion quoted.Below the details of described processing depth assignment process will be described in further detail.Describing one referring now to Fig. 2 D allows the user to be limited in the screen of quoting shown in described demonstration part.
Fig. 2 D is an example that demonstrates the snapshot of computer screen 50, and it has control section 58 and shows part 60.In this snapshot, suppose that the user of described system has selected at the restriction application button 70 shown in Fig. 2 C.As shown in the figure, the user of this system can limit shown application based on annotations and comments or theme, and this system is assessed all quoting with reference to selected annotations and comments or theme, thereby only show the legal precedent that comprises selected annotations and comments or theme in the snapshot shown in Fig. 2 C.Annotations and comments can be the several sentence/paragraphs that are positioned at beginning place of legal precedent, and it shows the summary of law of the specific part of this legal precedent.The user interface of described system allows the researcher to carry out quickly and efficiently checking and matching function on legal precedent.To describe now according to of the present invention for generating about the information of described legal precedent and the details of the system of described checking and matching function being provided.
Fig. 3 is the diagram of explanation the method according to this invention 100, and the method can be implemented on the computer system of Fig. 1 with for the treatment of legal precedent, thereby generates the information about this legal precedent, and described information can be used to checking and matching function.In order to help to understand described process, the action of single legal precedent below will be described.Yet, should be appreciated that and can process a plurality of legal precedents simultaneously, this is because each legal precedent can be in the difference place in described process.The electronic version 102 of the text of legal precedent (being called " WLLOAD " here) is fed to be quoted in identifying 104 (ACITE), this is quoted the candidate that identifying identifies other legal precedents and other legal materials in the text of this legal precedent and quotes, and the described text of mark (to described text, adding the signature symbol), thereby can identify at an easy rate in the back described quoting.An example of label symbol can be the symbol combination " %v " that is placed on the beginning of quoting and place, end.It identifies described application with the processing for back.
In brief, the described identifying of quoting is identified the candidate and is quoted by identifying particular text pattern in juristic writing, and these patterns and one group of predetermined list of references pattern are compared.Especially, can at first identify the numeral in text.Next, scan described text to find the abbreviation of contiguous described numeral, it is corresponding to known clerk's abbreviation, such as " Cal. " or " P. ".Once, after identifying one section text with specific format and punctuate that the candidate quotes, with regard to inquiring about legal precedent 124 candidates that identified to determine that control database, quote effectively quoting in whether controlling database corresponding to this legal precedent.If a certain the quoting mutually that the candidate who identifies quotes in controlling database with this legal precedent matches well, carry out the second around reason.If do not navigate to coupling, can quote this identified candidate and carry out mark, with for carrying out afterwards hand inspection.As mentioned above, each is quoted and has predetermined format.This form can be<the legal precedent title ><reel number ><clerk's title abbreviation ><sequence number (if more than) ><page number in volume >.For example, in " 18 Cal.App.4th 841 ", " Cal.App.4th " refers to " Gary Fu Niya appeal " clerk's the 4th sequence; " 18 " refer to the 18th volume; " 841 " refer to the 841st page, i.e. this page in the 18th volume that starts from Cal.App.4th is adjudicated in this legal precedent.
An example of quoting to legal precedent is " Pleasant v.Celli; 18 Cal.App.4th841; 22 Cal.Rptr 2d 663 (1993) ", the each side that wherein the first title part (being Pleasant v.Celli) is expressed this legal precedent; Second secretary person's part (i.e. 18 Cal App.4th 841 and Cal.Rptr 2d 663) identifies the clerk who himself has special characteristic form as above.
Once after having located the text corresponding to clerk's title, just analyze the text adjacent with this clerk's title, in order to identify the described reel number of quoting, sequence number and page number and the time of the suggestion announced.Once, after finding this information, just identification the described candidate of mark quote as described above, in order to it is identified as and quotes.The described identifying of quoting can be used process twice, wherein, at first identify such as the complete form of " Pleasant v.Celli; 18 Cal.App.4th 841; 22 Cal.Rptr2d 663 (1993) " and quote, itself and described legal precedent are controlled database and be complementary, and place it in a table.In second time process to described legal precedent, can the text identification based on being included in the complete application in described table go out the abbreviation of quoting such as Pleasant.It should be noted that in the situation that at first do not identify each complete quoting, these are quoted abbreviation and can't be automatically recognized.For with described table unmatched leave a question open quote abbreviation, can carry out tentative identification.
Quote identifying 104 output files 106 in Fig. 3, this document comprises the text that wherein marks any legal precedent of quoting.File 106 can be fed to subsequently quotes identifying 108 (IQUOTE), in this process, the text of this legal precedent is resolved, and respectively quoting identified and being labeled out in the text of this legal precedent, identifies in addition described may originating of quoting.Now, also do not verify described quoting of marking.Described quoting is only that the candidate quotes, and it must be further processed to be verified.Below with reference to Fig. 4-6, described details of quoting identifying is described.This quotes identifying can output file 110, and this document comprises the text that wherein marks the legal precedent of quoting and quoting.Now, the text with this legal precedent of quoting and quoting mark is stored in database for using afterwards, and can be fed in several processes.These processes can comprise quotes proof procedure 112, advanced treatment process 114 and negative processing procedure 116.As shown in the figure, these processes can be on same file executed in parallel, this is because the information about described legal precedent that each process generates and the unpack generated by other processes and independent with it.Below will with reference to figure 7, Fig. 9 and Fig. 8, each described process be described in further detail respectively.
In general, quote proof procedure 112 checking and quote really from described source (being the described legal precedent of quoting) by quoting the candidate that identifying 108 identifies, this is to quote with described and quote quoting in legal precedent and compare and realize by the candidate in the legal precedent quoted.This process is generated data record 118 subsequently, and described data recording comprises about the described information of quoting through checking.Advanced treatment process 114 is used the information (comprising described quoting through checking) generated by described system to generate advanced treating information, such as the occurrence number of quoting and the described characteristic based on its position of quoting (for example its be independently, the inside that is in the forefront of string or is in string).This process is generated data record 120 subsequently, and described data recording comprises every information about the processing depth information of quoting about being applied in described interested legal precedent.Negative processing procedure 116 generates about by any information of quoting any negative processing of the described legal precedent interested that legal precedent receives, and in step 122, the database 124 comprised about the information of handled each legal precedent is carried out to artificial regeneration, in order to reflect described negative processing.As described below, can be by burster process 126 combining from described data recording 118,120 and annotations and comments distribute data record 128 (HNRESULT) that quote proof procedure and advanced treatment process respectively, in order to generate the advanced treating information comprised about handled legal precedent, the single data recording of quoting information and annotations and comments assignment information.This single data recording can be used to be created on computer screen the information that is displayed to the user subsequently, as shown in Fig. 2 A-2D.
The data recording 118 comprised about the information of quoting through checking in described legal precedent can also be fed in refers to identifying 130, this process attempts identifying the support text around quoting and quoting in described legal precedent, in order to generate refers to data recording 132.Described refers to data recording can be imported in subject content distribution and threshold process process 134 subsequently, this process is complementary the word or expression in described quoting and one or more annotations and comments or theme, and determine and select which annotations and comments based on a threshold value subsequently, as described below with reference to Figure 10.Subject content is distributed and threshold process 134 output data recording 128 (HNRESULT), and this data recording comprises selected subject content text (such as annotations and comments), and described text is fed in burster 126, just as described above.Therefore, according to system of the present invention, automatically generate the information about legal precedent, and when being subject to asking, utilize subsequently graphical user interface this information to be offered to the user who uses described system.This user is the various information about described legal precedent from the single source location quickly and efficiently, such as reference information, processing depth information, negative process information and subject content text (such as annotations and comments).Below with reference to Fig. 4, the more details about described system are described.
Fig. 4 shows the quoting identifying 108, quote proof procedure 112 of Fig. 3, advanced treatment process 114, negative processing procedure 116, refers to identifying 130 and subject content is distributed and the diagram of the more details of threshold process process 134.As shown in the figure, the output from each described process is fed in system information database 33, just as described above.
Quote that the described file that comprises the text that wherein marks the described legal precedent of quoting of identifying 108 use is identified as described above and mark is quoted.The text packets of this legal precedent is quoted containing invalidated, and the file of quoting 144 comprised through checking is stored in database 33.Described output of quoting identifying is many data records, and wherein every data record has identified quoting and described may originating of quoting.Can be combined described text and the described described file of quoting marked of quoting the output of identifying and comprising described legal precedent, have in order to produce the file of quoting and quoting 110 marked, it is used as, and advanced treatment process 114, negative processing procedure 116, location recognition process 130 and subject content are distributed and the input of threshold process process 134.As following with reference to figure 5 and 6 in further detail as described in, during quoting identifying 108, carry out several processes.At first, by scanning described text to identify for example symbol of quotation marks, thereby the candidate who identifies in described text quotes, and described symbol shows beginning or the end of quoting.Next, utilize and quote the beginning of quoting and the end that identifier symbol (" %q ") comes mark to identify.Finally, identify described may originating of quoting, such as described legal precedent or other legal materials be derived from wherein of quoting exploratoryly.As described below, verify subsequently described source of quoting during quoting proof procedure 112.The output of quoting identifying 108 can comprise Qdata file 140 and Qtxt file 142, described Qdata file including about subsequently with reference to described every information of quoting may originating and be verified of quoting, the described actual text of quoting of described Qtxt file including.
Described Qdata file 140 and Qtxt file 142 are fed to subsequently to be quoted in proof procedure 112, this process with can with the electronic databank of legal precedent find and verify may originating of being quoted by described each of quoting that identifying finds.Quote for each, retrieve may originating that this quotes.Next, by described, quote quoting with the described text that may originate that identifying identifies and match well mutually, in order to locate, in described source, with described, quote corresponding text.Be described source-verify so just described origin of quoting.For each of source had through checking, quote, the data recording of quoting 144 through checking comprised for a certain legal precedent is stored in database 33.Subsequently, when comprising the legal precedent of quoting through checking and be shown as the quoting of a certain legal precedent, described quoting quoted symbol by comprising, and as mentioned above, the described symbol of quoting shows that this legal precedent has quoting through checking.Now described advanced treatment process will be described.
About every in the legal precedent information of quoting, be output in file 148, this document is stored in database 33, and wherein said information is such as being describedly to quote the total degree that appears in described legal precedent document, every described type of quoting and corresponding to the page number of quoting appearance at every turn.Except with described arbitrary time occur being associated any through the quoting of checking who quotes, can also generate above-described " to quoting of legal precedent " part and process degree of depth symbol by above-mentioned information.Below will describe in more detail for generating the technology of described processing degree of depth symbol.
Described threshold process step is used the described subject content title identified and is carried out various calculating, and described calculating is considered the confidence of the sequence of described subject content title, described subject content title and with reference to the number of quoting of this subject content title.After having carried out described calculating, the top of predetermined number annotations and comments are hit and showing sign that whether these annotations and comments passed through described threshold process and being stored in database 33 together with described linking of quoting corresponding to each annotations and comments.These subject content titles allow to utilize these subject content titles classified and search for quoting in legal precedent, as described above with reference to Fig. 2 D.Now the described identifying of quoting will be described in further detail.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show about diagram of quoting the more details of identifying 108 according to the present invention.Quote identifying 108 and can comprise lexical scanner process 170, paragraph impact damper 172 and major cycle process 174, it is used for receiving the text of legal precedent and automatically generates and comprises identified every and quote and corresponding to the every file that may originate of quoting.Lexical scanner 170 resolves into logic segments (being known as pictograph) to document, and is identified and quoted by these pictographs of major cycle process 174 use subsequently.The pictograph identified by described lexical scanner can comprise capitalized words, may finish the punctuation mark of a sentence, the white space such as one or more spaces, legal precedent title, footnote be with reference to, the beginning of quotation marks and the end of quotation marks.The described lexical scanner process of using can be based on any in the middle of the multiple software application that can buy, and such as the application that is known as FLEX, it can be from Sun Microsystems Inc, MountainView, and CA obtains.Described lexical scanner accepts to specify the pattern of grammer, and identifies an action when navigating to AD HOC.Especially, the paragraph that can the one group of standard (such as a rule set) based on predetermined legal precedent be divided into to particular type according to lexical scanner of the present invention: 1) may comprise the paragraph of quoting; 2) paragraph of quoting as predetermined piece; 3) paragraph that comprises the important information (such as the beginning of document, the sequence number of document or the end of document) about document; And 4) for the described nonsensical paragraph of identifying of quoting, such as annotations and comments, title etc.Can identify these paragraphs by multiple various criterion and rule.
An example of the rule set that can be used by the present invention will be described now.This rule set can comprise following rule: identify and do not comprise any paragraph of quoting and it is stored in to the rule in described paragraph impact damper, described paragraph is override by next paragraph at this place; And corresponding to the rule of the possible paragraph of quoting of tool, wherein said lexical scanner returns to label to described major cycle, and this label shows that described paragraph is that plain text paragraph, predetermined block are quoted paragraph or shown that the described text of quoting appears in footnote.Once, after having determined the type of described paragraph, described lexical scanner is just processed the text in this paragraph according to identical mode, in order to identify any pictograph in each paragraph.
In each paragraph, described lexical scanner can be identified following pictograph: capitalized words, non-capitalized words, the numeric character string, abbreviation, correct title (i.e. " Mr.Smith "), legal precedent is quoted, chapters and sections are with reference to (i.e. " Section 150 "), legal precedent title (being Roe v.Wade), the reference embedded, any end of the sentence punctuate, any other punctuation character, the colon in space is followed in back, branch or comma, single or multiple white space characters, the beginning of quoting, the end of quoting, footnote number, left parenthesis and right parenthesis, left square bracket and right-hand bracket, left brace and right brace, corresponding to the mark of quoting, and corresponding to the mark of the reference embedded.More details about the operation of described FLEX software application and modification can be from Sun Microsystems Inc.Reference Manual, Programmer ' s Overview Utilities and Libraries, Chapter9, pp, 203-226 obtains, and it is bonded to this with for referencial use.
Paragraph impact damper 172 is that storage is about the place of the pictograph of the paragraph by the nearest scanning of described lexical scanner before being processed by major cycle 174, if identify and quote in this paragraph, described pictograph is written out in output file subsequently.Major cycle 174 can determine to take what action, manage described paragraph impact damper and determine when to abandon data corresponding to last paragraph from described paragraph impact damper, for being present in quoting on several physics paragraphs, several physics paragraphs are linked to together in a virtual paragraph, determine when interruption between sentence where appearance and the decision in paragraph processes virtual paragraph by one group of heuristic rules for each pictograph returned by described lexical scanner, such as will be described below.
Fig. 6 is the process flow diagram of quoting identifying 108 according to of the present invention.In step 180, land piecemeal and scan described legal precedent text, and identify sentence and the pictograph in this paragraph for each paragraph.In step 182, each pictograph in paragraph is applied to one group of heuristic rules, in order to determine whether to identify, quote.Described lexical scanner and described one of them of paramount importance function of quoting identifying are exactly beginning and the end that identification is quoted.This is very difficult, because each writer may use slightly different forms for the beginning of quoting and end.Therefore, need several rules to identify beginning and the end of quoting.An example that can be used to the heuristic rules collection of realizing this identification below will be described.These rules can be identified traditional starting with described lexical scanner and quote punctuation mark (such as " or "), identify traditional end delimiter (such as " or ") of quoting, or quote beginning/end symbol in the longer character string of identification.For example, a certain rule can be attempted identifying wherein traditional end symbol of quoting and be embedded in the string in sentence.Each in the middle of regular for these, can check described pictograph character on every side, in order to guarantee that this pictograph is actually beginning or the end of quoting.
Once, after having applied described rule for each pictograph in paragraph, the described identifying of quoting just determines whether to have another paragraph in step 184, and be recycled to step 180 to process new paragraph.Once, after having analyzed all paragraphs, in step 186, described the output of process comprises identified quoting and the data recording that may originate that these are quoted.The described proof procedure of quoting will be described now.
Fig. 7 shows the process flow diagram according to the method for quoting for checking 112 of the present invention.In step 200, the described proof procedure of quoting is read and to be quoted identifying 108 and be identified as the text string of quoting, and identifies separator (when existing) in the middle of the predetermined group separater from described text string.Described separator can comprise suspension points, parenthesized expression formula and stop phrase.The described phrase that stops comprises various law phrases and other phrases that is helpless to identify the source of quoting, such as " citation (s) omitted (omission is quoted) ", " sic (sic) ", " emphasis provided " etc.When having described separator, described separator is used to described text string is resolved to fragment, and wherein each fragment comprises the content appeared between a pair of separator.In step 202, described text string is resolved, in order to determine its length, this is because it can be for example 6 non-words that stop that length is quoted in I checking, wherein stops word and be not the word containing content, such as article and preposition.Also described text string is resolved in order to compress any word that comprises ellipsis or other punctuation marks, for example " T] hen ".Through the text string of quoting of resolving, drop in two different classes of one of them: (1) has the text string of single fragment; Perhaps (2) have the text string of a plurality of fragments.Therefore, in step 204, described system determines whether described text string has single fragment.If text string has single fragment,, in step 205, determine for the contrary document frequency (IDF) of the set normalization of each (word) in this single fragment of text string.The document frequency values means the frequency of particular item in typical literature collection, and IDF equals the inverse (i.e. 1/ document frequency) of described document frequency, or in other words, equals a certain the rare degree in file set.In a preferred embodiment, if the occurrence number of a word is greater than 0, can calculate as follows the contrary document frequency (IDF) of described set normalization:
Wherein, Doc_Occurrences is described given and is present in document number wherein, and Collection_Docs is the total number of files in described set.Described IDF is used to be identified for the purpose of good of coupling, and this may be usually unique because of a rare word, and to provide about quoting be the good indication of originating from the candidate.
Once after having calculated described IDF for each, just can be by the IDF value for example, every sorted (step 206) with selected threshold value the highest following IDF value to selected number (6), and it is inserted in " template " (being storage array) (step 207), described template shows each position in described text string.Do not use any that has abnormally high IDF value (for example being greater than 0.80), this is because this item seldom occurred is usually the word of misspelling.If there are several to have identical IDF value, described every alphanumeric order can be used as for described template described every less important key sorted.For example, if still there is the item (item that has identical IDF value and alphanumeric spelling) be equal to, described every position in described text string can be used as in described template described every the 3rd key sorted.Can compare described template and described the quoting of the document of originating from described candidate subsequently, so that the position based on described each high IDF item determines whether to occur exact matching in step 208.If there is exact matching, in step 210, output quoting and it is fed in described database, just as described above through what verifies.If exact matching do not occur, in step 212, generate checking it fails to match message, and described quoting is not stored in described database.
In step 204, if having a plurality of fragments, described text string (in text string, comprises one or more separator items, such as " The roof fell in...crashing down "), described process proceeds to step 214, in this step, determine corresponding to each the IDF in each required fragment.Subsequently, item sorted (step 215) by IDF for example, to the selected number with the highest IDF value below described threshold value in each fragment (4), and it is inserted to (step 216) in template, in order to determine that described every position in described fragment is with the purpose (step 208) for coupling.For the text string had more than 4 fragments, can be mated (step 217-218) for the described candidate document of originating by the first two and latter two fragment.In this manner, by described, automatically quote the quoting by automatic Verification of identifying identification, and go out any through the quoting of checking, just as described above by quoting symbol logo.To describe now according to negative processing procedure of the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows the diagram according to the negative processing for definite legal precedent of the present invention.The file 110 that comprises the text that wherein marks the legal precedent of quoting and quoting is imported into automatic negative processing procedure 150.This automatic negative processing procedure can be carried out following operation: the 1) appearance of identification stem " overrule (invalid) " in legal precedent; 2) determine described stem and the adjacency of quoting; And 3) get rid of any bad legal precedent.At identification stem " overrule (invalid) " before, can check that legal precedent controls database 124, and if there has been any history corresponding to this legal precedent, described automatic processing stops.In order to identify the appearance of stem " overrule ", the text of this legal precedent is scanned, and determined the verb time sequence of any appearance of this stem.The verb time sequence of described stem shows describedly invalidly to refer to the invalid previous legal precedent of current legal precedent, or certain other types is invalid.A heuristic rules collection can be found specific verb time sequence, and takes action based on described verb time sequence subsequently.
To describe now an example of used rule set, but the invention is not restricted to any ad hoc rules collection.For example, a rule can find " overrule " or " overrules " in sentence, and scanning reaches 4 words backward.If find " not " or " never ", abandon this sentence, invalid because it does not refer to any reality.If find " we ", this sentence to be added in the list that possibility is invalid, this list is checked by the mankind.If do not find any one described phrase in described scan period backward, this sentence added in described list yet.
Another rule can find " overrule ", and scanning reaches 5 words backward subsequently, in order to attempt to find non-legal precedent word, described non-legal precedent word will show that the other guide that is different from described legal precedent is disabled, thereby this sentence not added in described list.Several examples of these non-legal precedent words comprise " request ", " motion ", " objection ", " claim " and " verdict ".If described rule finds " point " or " points ", this sentence can be scanned forward until the end of this sentence, and if find " case ", " cases " or " supra ", the state of this sentence is unknown, and it is passed to mankind overlooker.
Another rule can find " overrule " and backward or the line scanning of marching forward, and other words based on this word of next-door neighbour " overrule " are refused or accept possible invalid, this is because these additional words will be provided at the context that wherein uses this word " overrule ".For example, once find " overrule ", can scan this word 4 words before, and take following action when finding following word: 1) if find " we ", and " we " word before is " that ", ignore " we " (only discussing about invalid), if but do not find word " that ", this sentence is possible invalid: 2) if this verb is expressed probabilistic word, modify, such as " rather ", " might " etc., refuse this sentence, this is because court may only show that it may deactivate this legal precedent, 3) if any word shows to discuss to invalid, this sentence is rejected, 4) described invalid if a certain word shows that another person has implemented, this sentence is rejected, and 5), if find " will " or " should ", described process sees that 5 words are to find the front word, in order to accept this sentence backward.For the infinitive of verb " overrules ", this verb and the passive voice of this verb, similar rule set can also be arranged.
Another rule set can find whether show to discuss will be invalid, whether court have invalid authority or invalid word in the past, these sentences are owing to not comprising actual invalid being rejected.Another rule set can refuse to show other people are implementing the sentence of invalid (another court of passing by).Another rule set can find " overruling " and subsequently the sentence based on around described word refuse or accept this sentence, just as described above.
Can also have and be independent of other rules that the special characteristic of sentence found in verb " overrule ".For example, if phrase " COURT: " is positioned at the beginning of sentence, it shows that this sentence can be accepted from directly the quoting of judge.If word " Congress " is positioned at the beginning of sentence, it can show that act of Congress is disabled or shows that Congress itself is just in an invalid legal precedent, and this sentence can be rejected.If find word " circulated " near word " overrule " in sentence, this sentence can be accepted in order to catch uncommon language, such as " becausethe decision overrules an opinion of this court; it was circulated to all activejudges... ", it can't be automatically recognized in certain other modes.Another rule can be found " overrule " and refuse this sentence in quoted string, and this is normally by another court, the legal precedent of being quoted by current court is made because of it invalid.
Except stem " overrule ", can also search for and identify other synonyms.For example, described rule can also detect stem " abrogat " for Gary Fu Niya legal precedent, term " abrogated " is used in described Gary Fu Niya legal precedent, and described rule can also detect phrase " receded from " for the Florida legal precedent, this be because in these terms state corresponding at each, be used to represent invalid.Can apply these verb time sequence rules according to any order, and the invention is not restricted to any specific execution sequence of any ad hoc rules collection or described rule.
From the output of the described verb time sequence rule set of described automatic negative processing procedure be possible invalid list.Subsequently, for every may inactive application the adjacency rule, invalidly whether be applicable to specific legal precedent to determine this.For example, described adjacency rule can be removed possible invalid in following situation: the sentence that comprises described stem does not comprise and quotes, previous or next sentence does not comprise and quotes, the sentence that perhaps has stem " overrul " does not comprise the word be used to refer to for legal precedent, such as " case ", " opinion ", " holding ", " precedent ", its plural form or " progeny " or " v. ", " ex rel ", " ex parte " or " supra ".Any sentence that comprises stem " overrul " and meet described adjacency rule all is added in the invalid list 222 of hint of described legal precedent.In the artificial review process step 152 of being undertaken by the mankind, check subsequently and to check that these imply invalid.During described artificial review process, people also determine that the legal precedent be disabled and specified data are imported into legal precedent and control database in 124, and this legal precedent is controlled database and followed the tracks of the legal precedent in described legal precedent database.
According to this negative processing procedure on the other hand, described automated procedure can also be identified the relation except being disabled, such as " disting " in legal precedent (meaning " distinguished ") or " apposite ", this is to realize by described method being expanded to the language that characterizes described other relations.In brief, described negative processing procedure helps the personnel of checking to determine possible invalid in legal precedent, thereby this is to greatly reduce and must be realized by the actual amount of text of checking of people by the invalid possible position in automatically definite legal precedent.Therefore, described negative processing procedure has improved and can identify invalid in legal precedent and add it to speed in the negative history of this legal precedent.Now described advanced treatment process will be described in more detail.
Fig. 9 is the process flow diagram according to advanced treatment process 114 of the present invention, wherein the advanced treating allocation of symbols is quoted to every in legal precedent, thereby is used the people of described system can determine rapidly the special quantity that the specific text of quoting is discussed.This information can be used as the expression for the described correlativity of quoting, and this is because quoting for height correlation will and be discussed more text by court.
In step 230, as mentioned above, text and the described file of quoting and quoting marked with described legal precedent are received by described advanced treatment process.In step 223, this advanced treatment process is identified quoting in this legal precedent, and determines reference type subsequently in step 234.Quote for every in this legal precedent and can be: 1) be in quoting of the string forefront of quoting; 2) do not have other to follow quoting of quoting; 3) be in quoting of the string inside of quoting; Perhaps 4) pro forma history is quoted (quoting as the auxiliary historical reference of one of them legal precedent for quoting in himself right only is cited in the context of the document).The importance of each in the middle of these reference types is all different.It is for example, independent that to quote or be in quoting of forefront that string quotes often more important than quoting of the centre that is in this string.
Next described advanced treatment process determines in step 236 in described legal precedent whether any additional quoting is arranged, and is circulated back to step 232 and quotes with next that process in this legal precedent.Once identified all references in this legal precedent and be classified into above-described wherein in one type after, just they are fed to burster process 126 as shown in Figure 3.After described burster process, in step 238, the sum of quoting every kind of reference type in definite described legal precedent that described advanced treatment process is different for each.For example, for quoting of Pleasant v.Celli, in described legal precedent, may have altogether 5 to quote, wherein three are in the forefront that string is quoted, and two are in the inside that string is quoted.In step 240, use about every in described legal precedent this information of quoting and about with specific any data of quoting of quoting the process checking be associated, determining and will be assigned to this specific degree of depth symbol of quoting.Once for every quote and distributed described degree of depth symbol after, described advanced treatment process completes.
Use description to now distribute into application-specific an example of the technology of degree of depth symbol, but the invention is not restricted to for distributing any particular technology of described degree of depth symbol.In addition, the invention is not restricted to the degree of depth symbol of any particular type.In this embodiment, occur that with any reference type (be independent reference, be in the quoting of centre of quoting or be in the string application of the string forefront of quoting) quoting in this legal precedent of 1 to 3 time is assigned with two stars (for example * *) in described legal precedent, occur that with any reference type 4 to 8 times quote is assigned with three stars (for example * * *) in this legal precedent, and occurred 9 times or quoted more frequently being assigned with four stars (for example * * * *) with any reference type.For further these distribution of refinement, with any reference type occurred 3 times and have associated therewith through checking quote quote and be assigned with three stars (for example * * *), if only there is inner string reference type and quote, from this, quote and subtract a star.Therefore, automatically distribute the degree of depth symbol corresponding to the application-specific in described legal precedent by system according to the present invention.The user that described degree of depth symbol helps described system determines more rapidly which is quoted and may have more correlativity.To describe now according to subject content text assigning process of the present invention.
Figure 10 shows according to the process flow diagram of the described method of quoting 250 of described legal precedent of distributing to from one section text of quoted legal precedent for handle of the present invention.In the example be described below, the text of the annotations and comments in quoted legal precedent is distributed to described quoting, but can use together from the different text chunks in quoted legal precedent according to text assigning process of the present invention.In step 252, according to the rule set by being discussed below, distribute corresponding to every refers to of quoting (probably corresponding to by described, quoting the text filed of supported text).
In order to identify described refers to, can use several text resolution rules, some rules wherein are better than other rules, but it will probably identify described text as a whole.In order to allow the different validity of described Different Rule, can be according to extracted text correct text position a part likelihood extracted text be divided into " height ", " in " and " low " three groups.Described rule comprises:
| classification | text |
| high | 1, be included in any non-quoted material comprised in the sentence that base quotes.2, all the first non-quoted sentences before described base is quoted in identical paragraph.If 3 do not have the 2nd class sentence, be all the first non-quoted sentences after described quoting in identical paragraph.4, can be identified as all texts quoted from quoted legal precedent. |
| in | 5, appear at the next one that described base quotes front quoting all sentences between (not and described base quote in abutting connection with) and the 2nd class sentence.6, appear at the next one that described base quotes after quote all sentences between (not and described base quote in abutting connection with) and the 3rd class sentence.If 7 do not have the 2nd class or the 3rd class sentence, and comprising the paragraph that described base quotes and finish with colon or comma, is the next one that comprises this paragraph that this base the quotes integral body at rear paragraph.If 8 do not have the 2nd class or the 3rd class sentence and there is no the 6th class paragraph, be the next one that comprises this paragraph that described base the quotes integral body in previous paragraphs.If the 9 any described text filed annotations and comments reference markers that comprise of being identified by any rule, comprise described annotations and comments and crucial row thereof. |
| low | 10, the integral body that comprises this paragraph that described base quotes. |
| generally | if 11 described quoting appear in footnote, it is treated as the position that appears at described footnote position and described footer mark. |
| do not charge to | 12, quote and only appear in another follow-up history of quoting. |
Subsequently, in step 254, according to the rule that is used to identify described refers to, utilize the weight correspond respectively to 2.0,1.0 and 0.5 height, in or low coupling to every being weighted at described refers to place.For dissimilar document (such as legal precedent or law review article), may need different rule sets to determine described weight.Once, after having identified each section text and having distributed confidence value, in step 255, each section identified text is complementary with each section text that may be in quoted document.In an example, each section text be in quoted document may be annotations and comments, but the invention is not restricted to any particular type of text that each section identified text is complementary with it.Described coupling can pass through to use as the natural language querying of description in the U.S. Patent No. 5,265,065 and 5,418,948 of previous reference realize, described patent is had by the application's assignee, and is incorporated in this with for referencial use.The result of described search is the list of the possible text chunk (such as annotations and comments) from quoted legal precedent, and it can be assigned to described the quoting in described legal precedent, and can distribute the confidence corresponding to each possibility text chunk.
Next, in step 258, the passing threshold processing procedure selects to be assigned to described described one or more snippets text of quoting.Described threshold process process is quoted each section text is sorted for each based on described confidence.Whenever following amount equals or exceeds at 0.5 o'clock, each section text can be logged in described database:
β value corresponding to this equation is as follows:
| Document | Sequence | β 0 | β 1 | β 2 | β 3 |
| Non-ALR | 1 | 4.0451 | 3.1975 | 0.8477 | .9033 |
| |
2 | 0.5573 | 9.0220 | 1.0348 | 0.6743 |
| Non-ALR | 3 | -2.0421 | 11.2619 | 0.8949 | 0.2954 |
| ALR | 1 | -1.4256 | 50.4929 | 0.3488 | 0.0000 |
| ALR | 2 | -2.8199 | 65.6148 | 0.6207 | 0.0000 |
| ALR | 3 | -2.3701 | 40.8479 | 1.2445 | 0.0000 |
| ALR | 4 | -3.3474 | 60.8075 | 1.7349 | 0.0000 |
| ALR | 5 | -3.0805 | 55.6003 | 1.3188 | 0.0000 |
Wherein, each row that are marked as " ALR " comprise the variable corresponding to the ALR article, and as mentioned above, it has than the higher confidence of non-ALR document.Each row that are labeled as " non-ALR " comprise the variable corresponding to non-ALR document.
In described equation, Freq quotes right total reference frequency corresponding to described, and lag2 is the second confidence rear candidate when described candidate being arranged by confidence according to descending (if or there is no this candidate be 0.4).Once complete described threshold process and described one or more snippets text distributed to after in described legal precedent every quotes, in step 260 as described above one or more snippets text storage in described database, thereby can when being subject to asking, be that the user obtains described text.
In brief, each section text in the legal precedent of described subject content assigning process based on quoted (such as annotations and comments) generates one or more snippets text for quoting in described legal precedent.At first described process automatically identifies the support text in described legal precedent and confidence value is distributed to described support text, its all described each section texts are complementary with each section text in the legal precedent of quoting, and subsequently one section text in the legal precedent from quoted (such as annotations and comments) are distributed to described specific quoting automatically.These subject contents are distributed and are allowed classify or select the quoting of described legal precedent by described subject content, and this understands helpful in described alignment processes.
Therefore, the system that machine according to the present invention is realized is processed the document such as legal precedent automatically, and generates the information about described document, and described information can provide for the user of this system the useful information about the content of the document.On the other hand, in traditional system, this information about described document will be by the mankind by reading described document and taking notes and generate about described document, and this is very slow, expensive, error-prone process.For legal precedent, the information of the advanced treating of quoting that described system can generate information about the negative history of this legal precedent automatically, do about this legal precedent, about being verified as in this legal precedent, be derived from the information of quoting of particular source and about being assigned to the information of specific one or more annotations and comments of quoting in this legal precedent.Therefore, the operator of described system can generate this information about described legal precedent rapidly, and the user of described system can find this information rapidly, and this is because can access at an easy rate this information from graphical user interface.
Appendix
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Figure KeyCite for legal precedent
Legal precedent frame layout ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..111
Procedural motion frame layout ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .111
Situation ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..112
Rule-summary ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .145
Legal precedent frame layout
| Icon SlugQuote court's line date file wire or UPO file wire or UPO |
| The historical processing QuoteThe historical processing Quote … |
Procedural motion frame layout
| [icon] The historical processingCourt's line date [the legal precedent frame of KeyCite] |
Situation
| 36 | situation (Miranda-86 sct 1602): A->B:A be the parental generation A->c:A of B be the parental generation A->d:A of c be the parental generation B->e:B of d be the parental generation B->f:B of e be the parental generation B->g:B of f be the parental generation B->h:B of g be the parental generation B->i:B of h be the parental generation B->P:B of i be the parental generation K->l:K of P be the parental generation K->P:K of l be the parental generation J->m:J of p be the parental generation J->P:J of m be the parental generation O->n:O of P be n parental generation/with for O->P:O, be P parental generation P->q:P is parental generation A and the J B in court 3 of q, c, d, e, f, g, h, K and O be i in court 2, l, m, n, P and q are in court 1 | rule: parental generation is in its filial generation centered beneath.Non-remanding a lawsuit for a new trial concerns that arrow should enter from frame bottom.When between parental generation and filial generation, existing T shape to intersect, the bottom vertical line will be offset.Relation is from occurring on court's rank of parental generation.In order to draw its all parental generation relations, the width of filial generation will be lengthened to necessary point.Motion corresponding to identical parental generation in identical court is laminated to each other.Stacked procedural motion is ranked into the bottom that is positioned at the earliest, the latest be positioned at top.When each procedural motion has the phase same date, any order that receives them according to us is carried out stacked to it.When from left to right each filial generation being sorted, whole procedural motion is stacked gets its date of member the earliest.The order of each filial generation will be filial generation the earliest on a left side, filial generation is on the right side the latest. |
<tables TranNum="686" num="0006"> <table TranNum="687"> <tgroup TranNum="688" cols="3"> <colspec TranNum = "689" colname = "c001" colwidth = "7 % "/> <colspec TranNum="690" colname="c002" colwidth="40%"/> <colspec TranNum="691" colname="c003" colwidth="52%"/> <tbody TranNum =" 692 "> <row TranNum="693"> <entry TranNum="694" morerows="1"> 37 </ entry> <entry TranNum="695" morerows="1"> case (Festo-172 F.3d 1361): A-> E: A is E parental a-> J: A is J 's parent / ancestor parental B-> E: B is E 's parent B -> J: B is J 's parent / ancestor parental B-> C: B is C parental D-> E: D is E parental E-> F: E is F 's parents E-> G: E is the parent / progenitor parental G 's E-> H: E is the parent / progenitor parental H of F-> G: F is G parental F-> H: F is H parental F-> J: F is J parental H-> I: H is I parental H-> J: H is J 's parent / same generation J-> k: J is k parental J-> L: J is L parental L-> M: L is the parent of M M-> N: M is the parent N, N-> o: N is o 's parent N-> p: N are p parental F, k, L, p & o court 1, E, G, H, I, J, M & N court 2 C & ; D in court 3 A & B in court 4 A (12/00/1973) B (10/12/1982) C (04/12/1982) D (02 / 03/1994) E (12/14/1995) F (03/17/1997) G (06/09/1997) H (04/19/1999) I (08 / 20/1999) J (11/26/2000) k (06/18/2001) L (05/28/2002) M (09/20/2002) N (09 / 26/2002) o (04/19/2004) p (04/19/2004) </ entry> <entry TranNum="696" morerows="1"> rules: · parental centered at the bottom of their offspring .Non-remanding a lawsuit for a new trial concerns that arrow should enter from frame bottom.When between parental generation and filial generation, existing T shape to intersect, the bottom vertical line will be offset.Relation is from occurring on court's rank of parental generation.The legal precedent sent downwards will start from the right side of this legal precedent the top of the legal precedent that sent to this legal precedent downwards.When having while being sent from single parental generation more than a legal precedent, from the line on the right side of this parental generation, will continue to hold additional legal precedent downwards.Parental generation with the top that arrives this legal precedent will have the line that sends and be connected to its filial generation from its right side.If parental generation can't be in the filial generation centered beneath, it will be offset below filial generation.Motion corresponding to identical parental generation in identical court is laminated to each other.Stacked procedural motion is ranked into the bottom that is positioned at the earliest, the latest be positioned at top.When each procedural motion has the phase same date, any order that receives them according to us is carried out stacked to it.When from left to right each filial generation being sorted, whole procedural motion is stacked gets its date of member the earliest.The order of each filial generation will be filial generation the earliest on a left side, filial generation is on the right side the latest.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
<tables TranNum="706" num="0007"> <table TranNum="707"> <tgroup TranNum="708" cols="3"> <colspec TranNum = "709" colname = "c001" colwidth = "7 % "/> <colspec TranNum="710" colname="c002" colwidth="36%"/> <colspec TranNum="711" colname="c003" colwidth="57%"/> <tbody TranNum =" 712 "> <row TranNum="713"> <entry TranNum="714" morerows="1"> 41 </ entry> <entry TranNum="715" morerows="1"> case (125 SCt 82): B-> A: B is a parental C-> A: B is a parental D-> A: B is a parental E-> A: B is a parental F-> A: B is a parental G-> A: B is a parental H-> A: B is a parental I-> A: B is a parental J-> A: B is a parental K-> A: B is a parental L-> A: B is a parental M-> A: B is a 's parent N-> A: B is a parental O-> A: B is a parental P-> A: B is a parental Q-> A: B is a parental R- > A: B is a parental S-> A: B is a parental T-> A: B is a parental U-> A: B is a parental V-> A : B is a parental W-> A: B is a parental X-> A: B is a parental Y-> A: B is a parental Z-> A: B is a parental AA-> A: B is a parental BB-> A: BB is a parental a court level on the 1 B, C, D, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, AA & BB level 2 in the courts </ entry> <entry TranNum="716" morerows="1"> rules: · parental centered at the bottom of their offspring .Non-remanding a lawsuit for a new trial concerns that arrow should enter from frame bottom.If parental generation can't be in the filial generation centered beneath, it will be offset below filial generation.In order to draw its all parental generation relations, the width of filial generation will be lengthened to necessary point.The order of each filial generation will be filial generation the earliest on a left side, filial generation is on the right side the latest.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></table></tables>
Rule-summary
Parental generation is in its filial generation centered beneath.
Non-remanding a lawsuit for a new trial concerns that arrow should enter from frame bottom.
When between parental generation and filial generation, existing T shape to intersect, the bottom vertical line will be offset.
Relation is from occurring on court's rank of parental generation.
The legal precedent sent downwards will start from the right side of this legal precedent the top of the legal precedent that sent to this legal precedent downwards.
When having while being sent from single parental generation more than a legal precedent, from the line on the right side of this parental generation, will continue to hold additional legal precedent downwards.
Parental generation with the top that arrives this legal precedent will have the line that sends and be connected to its filial generation from its right side.
When parental generation and filial generation are on identical court rank and its relation while being in horizontal lawsuit list, parental generation will be plotted in the left side of filial generation.
If parental generation can't be in the filial generation centered beneath, it will be offset below filial generation.
In order to draw its all parental generation relations, the width of filial generation will be lengthened to necessary point.
When parental generation, needs are walked around to a filial generation when arriving another filial generation, this parental generation will be offset.
Motion corresponding to identical parental generation on identical court rank is laminated to each other.
Stacked procedural motion is ranked into the bottom that is positioned at the earliest, the latest be positioned at top.
When each procedural motion has the phase same date, any order that receives them according to us is carried out stacked to it.
When from left to right each filial generation being sorted, whole procedural motion is stacked gets its date of member the earliest.
The order of each filial generation will be filial generation the earliest on a left side, filial generation is on the right side the latest.
When line need to intersect, online crossing point is on horizontal line projection will be arranged.
If process block has different history to be shown, process, it should be thus lifted to the essence frame.
Legal precedent with the filial generation of remanding a lawsuit for a new trial and laterally lawsuit filial generation should have two lines that send from its frame right side.
Only to the procedural motion with public single parental generation, carry out stacked.
Emphasis
| Exceed and quote inspection: Graphical KeyCite delineates out the picture of program legal precedent history |
A picture surpasses thousands and thousands of words.For legal research person, the value of powerful new Graphical KeyCite may be also higher, and this is because it illustrates the program history of case law definitely.
Thomson West is Thomson Corporation (NYSE:TOC; TSX:TOC) company under, its Graphical KeyCite introduced now is KeyCite
recent innovation, and described KeyCite
service has caused the revolution of quoting the inspection field when being introduced into for the first time.
Then, the law librarian of american association of law libraries has praised KeyCite sign intuitively, it makes legal research person know at once the law whether a certain judicial opinion remains, and shows in other suggestions described processing degree of depth star and symbol to the degree of dependence of this legal precedent.First of history that KeyCite still allows the researcher to probe into like a dream legal precedent quotes the service of inspection.
Graphical KeyCite has taken these innovations to a new height, and this is that the picture of the direct history by drawing out definitely legal precedent is realized.Along with described legal precedent rises to higher court, described feature is motion, defense and rudimentary court decision finally Reference-links.If this exclusive KeyCite feature helps the researcher to see that at once legal precedent is along with the time moves in court's system, and understands rapidly the impact on each rank.
The product development supervisor Jon Medin of KeyCite says: " the historical of court case is illustrated for the first time, thereby can help the researcher to understand quickly its impact ".
Medin adds, KeyCite is the analysis of the law editor from Thomson West and technology is combined describes the problem, such as quote legal precedent that the legal precedent discussion quotes the number.Medin mentions: " created West company the identical lawyer of a large amount of collections of authoritative precedent method annotations and comments-editor has also been distributed to KeyCite sign and symbol, lawyer and judge depend on these and indicate and symbol quotes to learn the law whether remained ".
Compared with any other legal research service, the more multichain that the document on Westlaw is included in relevant sources connects.Medin mentions, and when court's document moves in justice system, GraphicalKeyCite utilizes these links and illustrates the contact between described court document with proprietary technology.In addition, the researcher can click simply chart and open the full copy document on Westlaw.
The senior executive Mike Bernstein of Westlaw market department of Thomson West says: " in our test, use the researcher of Graphical KeyCite can be sooner and understand more exactly the direct history of legal precedent.For being quoted anyone of research, the GraphicalKeyCite picture all definitely surpasses thousands and thousands of words ".
Although the description of front is with reference to specific embodiment of the present invention, but those skilled in the art will be appreciated that, in the situation that do not deviate from principle of the present invention and spirit can make a change described embodiment, scope of the present invention is limited by appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. one kind has the system of the legal precedent document of authority of law for automatically processing, comprising:
The device of quoting for the candidate who refers to other legal precedent documents in described legal precedent document identification;
Quote to produce for the described candidate of mark the device that mark is quoted;
For the device of quoting described legal precedent document identification candidate, described candidate quotes has corresponding source;
The device of quoting for the described candidate of mark;
For verifying that described candidate quotes the source that is derived from described correspondence and passes through the device of quoting of checking with generation;
For generating the device of the processing depth value that each mark quotes, described processing depth value indicates each mark to quote to appear at the importance degree in described legal precedent document, wherein said processing depth value to be based at least one in following: each mark quote the number of times that appears in described legal precedent document, type that each mark is quoted and each mark quote with one or more through checking quote associated;
Device for the list of the written comment of other legal precedent documents of generating the authority of law affect negatively described legal precedent document; And
For providing described processing depth value that each mark quotes to user interface and from the device of the described list of the written comment of other legal precedent documents.
2. system according to claim 1, also comprise the device with the word of the negative processing of finding the described legal precedent document of indication for described other legal precedent documents of scanning when generating the described list of written comment.
3. system according to claim 1 also comprises:
For quote the device of the part of supported text at described each mark of legal precedent document identification;
The part of identifying for text based is quoted and is classified to produce the device of quoting through classification each mark of one or more subject content titles; And
For in response to the search to described one or more subject content titles, to user interface, provide the described device of quoting through classification.
4. one kind has the method for the legal precedent document of authority of law for automatically processing, comprising:
Identifying the candidate who refers to other legal precedent documents in described legal precedent document quotes;
The described candidate of mark quotes to produce mark and quotes;
In described legal precedent document, the identification candidate quotes, and described candidate quotes has corresponding source;
Mark described candidate quote;
Verify that described candidate quotes source the quoting with generation process checking that is derived from described correspondence;
Generate the processing depth value that each mark is quoted, described processing depth value is indicated importance degree based at least one in following: each mark quote the number of times that appears in described legal precedent document, type that each mark is quoted and each mark quote with one or more through checking quote associated;
Generate the list of written comment of other legal precedent documents of the authority of law affect negatively described legal precedent document; And
Provide described processing depth value that each mark quotes and from the described list of the written comment of other legal precedent documents to user interface.
5. method according to claim 4 also comprises:
For the additional legal precedent of quoting corresponding at least one described mark, show that the interactive slice map of legal precedent history means,
Wherein, described slice map means organize and show according to rule set, and comprises the rectangular area that a plurality of levels are pointed to, and wherein each rectangular area is corresponding to the one-level of court's system.
6. method according to claim 5, wherein, the described slice map of described legal precedent history means it is that level is pointed to.
7. method according to claim 5, wherein, the described slice map of described legal precedent history means to comprise a plurality of text boxes, and wherein each text box is shown explicitly by least one line segment with described frame being connected to another frame, and wherein each frame comprises the legal precedent title.
8. method according to claim 7, wherein, each frame also is included in the hyperlink corresponding to the electronics judicial opinion of described legal precedent title.
9. method according to claim 7, wherein, each frame also comprises the symbol of the authority of law sexual state of the legal precedent that indication is associated with described legal precedent title.
10. method according to claim 5, wherein, the described slice map that shows legal precedent history means to comprise the data structure with reference to legal precedent, wherein said data structure makes court's area indicator be associated with described legal precedent, and described court area indicator is used to determine the display position about the information of described legal precedent.
11. method according to claim 5, wherein, described rule set comprises that female legal precedent is displayed on the rule of position placed in the middle under the sub-legal precedent of its association.
12. method according to claim 11, wherein, described rule set comprises that sub-legal precedent with common mother is according to date order shown rule from left to right.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
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| US18202805A | 2005-07-13 | 2005-07-13 | |
| US11/182,028 | 2005-07-13 | ||
| US11/370,194 US7778954B2 (en) | 1998-07-21 | 2006-03-06 | Systems, methods, and software for presenting legal case histories |
| US11/370,194 | 2006-03-06 | ||
| PCT/US2006/027302 WO2007009054A2 (en) | 2005-07-13 | 2006-07-13 | User interface searching and displaying legal case histories |
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| CN101341483A CN101341483A (en) | 2009-01-07 |
| CN101341483B true CN101341483B (en) | 2013-06-12 |
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| CN200680033627.0A Expired - Fee Related CN101341483B (en) | 2005-07-13 | 2006-07-13 | User interface searching and displaying legal case histories |
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| CN (1) | CN101341483B (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0613194A2 (en) |
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| KR20120042462A (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2012-05-03 | 주식회사 로앤비 | Providing system for precedents information and method thereof |
| WO2015185980A1 (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2015-12-10 | Sigram Schindler Beteiligungsgesellschaft Mbh | Innovation expert system capable of semi-automatically generating and invoking all legal argument chains in a claimed invention |
| CN107423374B (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2021-11-30 | 广州越富嘉驰网络科技有限公司 | Legal recommendation method and system based on classification labeling |
| US11163811B2 (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2021-11-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Ranking of documents based on their semantic richness |
| CN109377000A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-02-22 | 安徽和信科技发展有限责任公司 | A kind of litigation risk assessment device of artificial intelligence technology |
| KR20200086057A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-07-16 | 캣벨컴퍼니 주식회사 | A system and method for bill monitoring |
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| CN1387140A (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2002-12-25 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Proxy service system and method for on-line extracting and analysis of document |
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2006
- 2006-07-13 JP JP2008521629A patent/JP2009501974A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-07-13 BR BRPI0613194-8A patent/BRPI0613194A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1387140A (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2002-12-25 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Proxy service system and method for on-line extracting and analysis of document |
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| JP2009501974A (en) | 2009-01-22 |
| BRPI0613194A2 (en) | 2010-12-21 |
| CN101341483A (en) | 2009-01-07 |
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