CN101340523A - Method and apparatus for exposure compensating digital image - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for exposure compensating digital image Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for exposing and compensating digital images, comprising the steps as follows: digital images are divided into a plurality of regions; the gain value of the region is determined according to the average brightness value of each region; according to the gain value of the region, the pixels of the digital images are exposed and compensated. The invention also discloses a device for exposing and compensating the digital images. The proposal of the invention can darken the bright area in the digital images, brighten the dark area in the digital image and can remain the details in the images as much as possible.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of image processing, particularly a kind of method and apparatus that digital picture is carried out exposure compensating.
Background technology
In the digital picture acquisition process, it is a very important link that digital picture is carried out the automatic exposure adjustment.This is because the intrinsic brilliance in the scene has various situations, and human eye is more easily differentiated the moderate image of brightness.If intrinsic brilliance is dark partially, then the digital picture of Sheng Chenging also can be dark partially, and the details in the image just is difficult to differentiate, and need carry out the forward exposure compensating to it, and its brightness is increased; If intrinsic brilliance is bright partially, the digital picture of generation can be bright partially, and the details in the image also is difficult to differentiate, and need carry out the negative sense exposure compensating to it, and its brightness is reduced.
In the prior art, general come the digital picture adjustment that exposes by control light-inletting quantity (change time for exposure, clear aperature or its combination) or yield value.And no matter be control light-inletting quantity or yield value, all be that all pixels in the image are changed according to same way as.For example yield value is made as 1.2, then the brightness of each pixel all can increase and is original 1.2 times in the image, if yield value is made as 0.8, then the brightness of each pixel all can be reduced to original 0.8 times in the image; Perhaps, for example light-inletting quantity is increased or reduce, then the brightness of each pixel also all can increase or reduce accordingly in the image.
In most cases, the illumination condition in the scene always more or less have some inhomogeneities, cause that dark portion zone and highlights zone exist simultaneously in the image.Like this, in order to improve the brightness in the dark portion of image local zone, the highlights zone may overexposure (be that pixel value surpasses maximum permissible value, 8 bit images for example, it is exactly maximum that brightness reaches 255), has sacrificed the details of the higher part of brightness in the image like this.Otherwise in order to reduce the brightness in image middle light zone, dark portion zone then " black area " can occur, and promptly pixel value is less than minimum permissible value 0.
Existing digital picture is carried out exposure compensation and is difficult to take into account highlights zone and dark portion zone, can cause the loss of image detail.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the invention proposes digital picture is carried out the method and apparatus of exposure compensating, can reach the effect of taking into account highlights zone and dark portion zone simultaneously, keeps the details in the image as far as possible.
The embodiment of the invention proposes a kind ofly carries out the method for exposure compensating to digital picture, comprises the steps:
Digital picture is divided into a plurality of zones;
Determine the yield value that this is regional according to each regional average brightness value;
Yield value according to described zone carries out exposure compensating to the pixel of digital picture.
The embodiment of the invention proposes a kind ofly carries out the device of exposure compensating to digital picture, comprising:
The area dividing module is used for digital picture is divided into a plurality of zones;
Gain module is used for each regional average brightness value of being divided according to described area dividing module, determines the yield value that this is regional;
Compensating module is used for the yield value in the zone that obtains according to described gain module, and the pixel of digital picture is carried out exposure compensating.
As can be seen from the above technical solutions, digital picture is divided into a plurality of zones, judges that each zone is highlights zone, moderate zone or dark portion zone; Revise less than 1 yield value for the employing of highlights zone, revise greater than 1 yield value for the zone employing of dark portion, so just can realize simultaneously the zone deepening of the highlights in the digital picture is brightened dark portion zone, keep the details in the image as far as possible.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a basic flow sheet of the present invention;
The schematic diagram of first kind of situation that Fig. 2 divides digital picture for the embodiment of the invention;
The schematic diagram of second kind of situation that Fig. 3 divides digital picture for the embodiment of the invention;
The flow chart of exposure compensating is carried out in a kind of subregion that Fig. 4 proposes for the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 obtains the yield value of pixel for the embodiment of the invention according to the yield value difference in zone, and pixel in the zone is carried out the flow chart of exposure compensating;
Fig. 6 carries out the exposure compensating device for what the embodiment of the invention proposed to digital picture.
Embodiment
Main contents of the present invention comprise the steps: as shown in Figure 1
Step 101: digital picture is divided into a plurality of zones;
Step 102: determine the yield value that this is regional according to each regional average brightness value;
Step 103: the yield value according to described zone carries out exposure compensating to the pixel of digital picture.
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further elaborated below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Can adopt multiple mode that digital picture is divided into a plurality of zones among the present invention program.Modal a kind of situation is divided into the zone that every block size is m * n with digital picture, and adjacent area has common border, and wherein m and n are pixel value, and m and n can be the same or different.For example, each area size can be 4 * 6, or 16 * 16 or the like.Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of this dividing mode.
Second kind of situation, the adjacent area of being divided can not have common boundary each other.That is to say have some pixels to be not counted in the zone between zone and the zone.Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of this dividing mode.
The third situation, the zone that can overlap between the adjacent area, promptly the pixel in the overlapping region can belong to adjacent a plurality of zones simultaneously.
For back two kinds of situations, each regional shape includes but not limited to rectangle, can be circular or other polygon.
Can determine each regional yield value of being divided in the following way:
Calculate the average brightness of pixel in each zone.The gained average brightness is compared with two threshold value Y1 that set in advance and Y2, can know that each zonule belongs to still dark portion zone, highlights zone, wherein Y2 is greater than Y1.If the average brightness in zone thinks then that greater than Y2 it is the highlights zone; If the average brightness in zone thinks then that less than Y1 it is dark portion zone.
For the highlights zone, can carry out exposure compensating to it by the yield value less than 1 of prior setting; For dark portion zone, can carry out exposure compensating to it with the yield value greater than 1 of prior setting.
The embodiment of the invention can also adopt method as shown in Figure 4 to come the subregion to carry out exposure compensating, specifically comprises the steps:
Step 401: set in advance brightness section, and distribute corresponding yield value for each brightness section.The yield value in adjacent brightness interval can equate, but the yield value in the bigger interval of brightness value is less than the yield value that equals the less interval of brightness value.Maximum in the yield value is greater than 1, and minimum value is less than 1.
For example for 8 bit images, brightness range is 0 to 255, the brightness section of being divided is as shown in table 1, distributes a yield value for each brightness section, supposes that brightness value all is dark portion below 60, brightness value all is highlights more than 200, dark portion and highlights can be divided comparatively carefully, are divided into 6 intervals as brightness value in the table 1 between 0 to 60, and each interval yield value is all greater than 1, and the interval that brightness value is more little, its yield value is big more; Brightness value is divided into 5 intervals between 200 to 255, each interval yield value is all less than 1, and the more little interval of brightness value, and its yield value is big more, and brightness value is not done further division between 60 to 200, and g represents with brightness section, and its yield value is 1.
Only be an example shown in the table 1, actual division points and granularity of division can be adjusted as the case may be.
| Brightness section | Range of luminance values | Yield value |
| a | 0～10 | 1.45 |
| |
11～20 | 1.3 |
| c | 21～30 | 1.2 |
| d | 31～40 | 1.1 |
| e | 41～50 | 1.05 |
| f | 51～60 | 1.02 |
| g | 61～200 | 1 |
| h | 201～210 | 0.98 |
| i | 211～220 | 0.95 |
| j | 221～230 | 0.9 |
| k | 231～240 | 0.8 |
| l | 241～255 | 0.75 |
Table 1
402: calculate each regional average brightness, determine the brightness section that this average brightness belongs to, with the yield value of this brightness section correspondence yield value as described zone.
Step 403: the pixel in the zone is carried out exposure compensating according to described yield value.
Wherein, according to described yield value the pixel in the zone is carried out exposure compensating, the simplest way is that the brightness value of each pixel multiplies each other respectively in the yield value that this is regional and this zone.Have a problem but do like this, the transition of brightness on the border in zone, can occur.For addressing this problem, under the situation that obtains each regional yield value, can adopt as shown in Figure 5 flow process that pixel is carried out exposure compensating:
Step 501: determine the current reference zone of wanting processed pixels.And calculate the current distance of wanting processed pixels and reference zone central point respectively.
Described reference zone can comprise whole adjacent areas of described pixel, and for example to pixel A shown in Figure 1, adjacent area can comprise zone 1～3, zone 5～7 and zone 9～11; If the zone to the angular direction is not counted in adjacent area, then adjacent area comprises zone 2, zone 5～7 and zone 9.Also have a kind of preferred implementation, calculate the distance of described pixel and adjacent area central point respectively, get the distance of preceding four minimums, these four corresponding 4 adjacent areas of minimum range institute are as the reference zone.Can be easy to find out that the reference zone of Que Dinging comprises zone 2, zone 3, zone 6 and zone 7 in this way.Do not join for border between the zone, perhaps have the situation of coincidence can determine reference zone with above-mentioned preferred mode equally between the zone.For example concerning pixel B shown in Figure 3, reference zone is zone 6, zone 7, zone 10 and zone 11.
Step 502: according to the current distance of wanting processed pixels and reference zone central point the yield value of reference zone is carried out difference and handle, obtain the current yield value of wanting processed pixels.Described difference can adopt bilinear interpolation or other difference approach.
Step 503: multiply each other with described yield value and the current brightness value of processed pixels of wanting, obtain exposure compensating result to this pixel.
The yield value that obtains with the said method difference is a smooth change, the phenomenon of transition can not occur, can further improve the picture quality behind the exposure compensating.
Fig. 6 shows the embodiment of the invention a kind ofly carries out the device 600 of exposure compensating to digital picture, comprises as lower module:
Area dividing module 610 is used for digital picture is divided into a plurality of zones;
Compensating module 630 is used for the yield value in the zone that obtains according to described gain module 620, and the pixel of digital picture is carried out exposure compensating.
Described area dividing module can be according to following any situation number of partitions word image:
Digital picture is divided into the zone that every block size is m * n, and adjacent area has common border, and wherein m and n are pixel value, and m can equal n, also can be not equal to n;
Digital picture is divided into a plurality of zones, and adjacent area does not have common boundary, the zone be shaped as circle or polygon;
Digital picture is divided into a plurality of zones, and adjacent area has overlapping part, and region shape is circle or polygon.
Described gain module can have two kinds of implementations.
First kind of implementation, gain module 620 comprises:
Computing unit is used for the average brightness of zoning pixel;
Comparing unit is used for average brightness that described computing unit is obtained and compares with two threshold value Y1 that set in advance and Y2, and wherein threshold value Y2 is greater than threshold value Y1;
Allocation units, if the comparative result of comparing unit be the average brightness in zone greater than Y2, then give one of this region allocation less than 1 yield value; If the comparative result of comparing unit be the average brightness in zone less than Y1, then give one of this region allocation greater than 1 yield value.
Second kind of implementation, described gain module 620 comprises:
Map unit is used to store the mapping relations table of brightness section and yield value, and in this mapping relations table, the yield value in the interval that brightness value is bigger is smaller or equal to the yield value in the less interval of brightness value, and the maximum in the yield value is greater than 1, and minimum value is less than 1;
Computing unit is used for the average brightness of zoning pixel;
Allocation units are used for inquiring about which brightness section that average brightness that described computing unit obtains the zone pixel belongs to the mapping relations table in the described map unit, with the yield value of the described brightness section correspondence yield value as described zone.
Described compensating module 630 can comprise:
The reference zone determining unit is used for determining the current reference zone of wanting processed pixels, calculates the current distance of wanting processed pixels and reference zone central point respectively;
Difference unit is used for according to the current distance of wanting processed pixels and reference zone central point the yield value of reference zone being carried out difference and handles, and obtains the current yield value of wanting processed pixels;
Multiplication unit, the yield value and the current brightness value of processed pixels of wanting that obtain with described difference unit multiply each other, and obtain the exposure compensating result to this pixel.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be well understood to the present invention and can realize by the mode that software adds essential hardware platform, can certainly all implement, but the former is better execution mode under a lot of situation by hardware.Based on such understanding, all or part of can the embodying that technical scheme of the present invention contributes to background technology with the form of software product, this computer software product can be stored in the storage medium, as ROM/RAM, magnetic disc, CD etc., comprise that some instructions are with so that a computer equipment (can be a personal computer, server, the perhaps network equipment etc.) carry out the described method of some part of each embodiment of the present invention or embodiment.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to restriction the present invention, all any modifications of being done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1, a kind of digital picture is carried out the method for exposure compensating, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Digital picture is divided into a plurality of zones;
Determine the yield value that this is regional according to each regional average brightness value;
Yield value according to described zone carries out exposure compensating to the pixel of digital picture.
2, according to claim 1 digital picture is carried out the method for exposure compensating, it is characterized in that, described digital picture is divided into a plurality of zones is following any situation:
Digital picture is divided into the zone that every block size is m * n, and adjacent area has common border, and wherein m and n are pixel value, and m can equal n, also can be not equal to n;
Digital picture is divided into a plurality of zones, and adjacent area does not have common boundary, the zone be shaped as circle or polygon;
Digital picture is divided into a plurality of zones, and adjacent area has overlapping part, and region shape is circle or polygon.
3, according to claim 1 digital picture is carried out the method for exposure compensating, it is characterized in that, describedly determine that according to each regional average brightness value this regional yield value comprises:
Calculate the average brightness of pixel in each zone, the gained average brightness is compared with two threshold value Y1 that set in advance and Y2, if the average brightness in zone greater than Y2, then gives one of this region allocation less than 1 yield value; If the average brightness in zone less than Y1, then gives one of this region allocation greater than 1 yield value; Wherein threshold value Y2 is greater than threshold value Y1.
4, according to claim 1 digital picture is carried out the method for exposure compensating, it is characterized in that, describedly determine that according to each regional average brightness value this regional yield value comprises:
Set in advance brightness section, and distribute corresponding yield value for each brightness section; The yield value in the interval that brightness value is bigger is smaller or equal to the yield value in the less interval of brightness value, and the maximum in the yield value is greater than 1, and minimum value is less than 1;
Calculate each regional average brightness, determine the brightness section that this average brightness belongs to, with the yield value of this brightness section correspondence yield value as described zone.
5, each describedly carries out the method for exposure compensating to digital picture according to claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that described yield value according to described zone carries out exposure compensating to the pixel of digital picture and comprises:
The brightness value of pixel in the yield value in described zone and the described zone is multiplied each other respectively, and the gained result is as the result to the exposure compensating of described pixel.
6, each describedly carries out the method for exposure compensating to digital picture according to claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that described yield value according to described zone carries out exposure compensating to the pixel of digital picture and comprises:
Determine the current reference zone of wanting processed pixels; And calculate the current distance of wanting processed pixels and reference zone central point respectively;
According to the current distance of wanting processed pixels and reference zone central point the yield value of reference zone is carried out difference and handle, obtain the current yield value of wanting processed pixels;
Multiply each other with described yield value and the current brightness value of processed pixels of wanting, obtain exposure compensating result this pixel.
7, according to claim 6 digital picture is carried out the method for exposure compensating, it is characterized in that, described determine the current reference zone of wanting processed pixels be following any:
Whole adjacent areas of described pixel are regional as reference;
Calculate the distance of described pixel and adjacent area central point respectively, get the distance of preceding four minimums, these four corresponding 4 adjacent areas of minimum range institute are as the reference zone.
8, a kind of digital picture is carried out the device of exposure compensating, it is characterized in that, comprising:
The area dividing module is used for digital picture is divided into a plurality of zones;
Gain module is used for each regional average brightness value of being divided according to described area dividing module, determines the yield value that this is regional;
Compensating module is used for the yield value in the zone that obtains according to described gain module, and the pixel of digital picture is carried out exposure compensating.
9, according to claim 8 digital picture is carried out the device of exposure compensating, it is characterized in that, described area dividing module is according to following any situation number of partitions word image:
Digital picture is divided into the zone that every block size is m * n, and adjacent area has common border, and wherein m and n are pixel value, and m can equal n, also can be not equal to n;
Digital picture is divided into a plurality of zones, and adjacent area does not have common boundary, the zone be shaped as circle or polygon;
Digital picture is divided into a plurality of zones, and adjacent area has overlapping part, and region shape is circle or polygon.
10, according to claim 8 digital picture is carried out the device of exposure compensating, it is characterized in that described gain module comprises:
Computing unit is used for the average brightness of zoning pixel;
Comparing unit is used for average brightness that described computing unit is obtained and compares with two threshold value Y1 that set in advance and Y2, and wherein threshold value Y2 is greater than threshold value Y1;
Allocation units, if the comparative result of comparing unit be the average brightness in zone greater than Y2, then give one of this region allocation less than 1 yield value; If the comparative result of comparing unit be the average brightness in zone less than Y1, then give one of this region allocation greater than 1 yield value.
11, according to claim 8 digital picture is carried out the device of exposure compensating, it is characterized in that described gain module comprises:
Map unit is used to store the mapping relations table of brightness section and yield value, and in this mapping relations table, the yield value in the interval that brightness value is bigger is smaller or equal to the yield value in the less interval of brightness value, and the maximum in the yield value is greater than 1, and minimum value is less than 1;
Computing unit is used for the average brightness of zoning pixel;
Allocation units are used for inquiring about which brightness section that average brightness that described computing unit obtains the zone pixel belongs to the mapping relations table in the described map unit, with the yield value of the described brightness section correspondence yield value as described zone.
12, according to Claim 8 to 12 each described digital picture is carried out the device of exposure compensating, it is characterized in that described compensating module comprises:
The reference zone determining unit is used for determining the current reference zone of wanting processed pixels, calculates the current distance of wanting processed pixels and reference zone central point respectively;
Difference unit is used for according to the current distance of wanting processed pixels and reference zone central point the yield value of reference zone being carried out difference and handles, and obtains the current yield value of wanting processed pixels;
Multiplication unit, the yield value and the current brightness value of processed pixels of wanting that obtain with described difference unit multiply each other, and obtain the exposure compensating result to this pixel.
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