Background technique
The multiple directional control valve of the hydraulic system of working adapted of present homemade wheel loader, simple in structure, easy to maintenance.China Patent No. is that 200510023936.7 patent of invention discloses a kind of loader integral manual multi-path reversing valve, the basic structure of having represented existing integral manual multi-path reversing valve, can solve the problem that the intrinsic internal leakage of former integral manual multi-path reversing valve is big, reversing maneuver power is big to a certain extent, but still have following defective:
1, steel ball seat and valve rod tail end scyewed joint in the positioning device, the gap between the screw thread make easily to produce between steel ball seat and the valve rod and rock and depart from coaxial;
2, have only two steel balls at two ends point-blank on the steel ball seat, need to make four road circular arc annular grooves on the lining with corresponding fourth gear (swing arm rising, meta, decline, unsteady) action, after wearing and tearing, coaxial at other deviation in driction easily;
3, have vertical throttling groove and annular compensating groove on rotary valve pole and the moving arm valve pole shaft, both isolate mutually, are easy to generate radial imbalance force;
4, rotary valve pole and moving arm valve pole valve rod are that the right angle makes with respect to the stress surface of high pressure oil, and stress surface is less.
The total effect of above-mentioned factor can make hydrovalve be easy to generate various mechanical forces in commutation process, these mechanical forces further make valve rod depart from the central position in valve body upper valve rod hole again, produce bigger hydraulic card clamping force, thereby steering force is heavier in the hydrovalve working procedure, is easy to generate " card valve " phenomenon; The abrasion of the corresponding part of hydrovalve strengthens, and shorten the working life of hydrovalve.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of improved multipath hydraulic change-over valve, be applicable to the loader hydraulic system of working, handle lightly, fretting performance is preferably arranged.
A kind of multipath hydraulic change-over valve of the present invention, comprise valve body, rotary valve pole, moving arm valve pole, main safety valve, overload valve, the rotating bucket load keeps one-way valve, the swing arm load keeps one-way valve, Fill valve, the rotary valve pole positioning device, the moving arm valve pole positioning device, rotating bucket connection valve rod hole on the valve body, be respectively equipped with 9 oil ducts on the swing arm connection valve rod hole, oil duct on the rotating bucket connection valve rod hole is followed successively by left oil return oil duct T1 from left to right, left side working hole oil duct A1, left side working hole oil-feed oil duct a1, rotating bucket joins left off-load oil duct a2, rotating bucket connection oil-feed oil duct a3, rotating bucket joins right off-load oil duct a4, right working hole oil-feed oil duct a5, right working hole oil duct B1, right oil return oil duct T2, rotating bucket joins left off-load oil duct a2, rotating bucket joins the right off-load oil duct a4 back that crosses and joins the oil-feed oil duct with swing arm and communicate between rotating bucket connection and swing arm connection; Oil duct on the swing arm connection valve rod hole is respectively left oil return oil duct T1, left working hole oil duct A2, left working hole oil-feed oil duct a10 from left to right, swing arm joins left off-load oil duct a9, swing arm connection oil-feed oil duct a8, swing arm join right off-load oil duct a7, swing arm joins right oil-feed oil duct a6, right working hole oil duct B2, right oil return oil duct T2, it is characterized in that the tail end of valve rod is split into step hole in the positioning device, its medium-length hole is threaded with the positioning block front end, and shallow bore hole is as cylndrical surface closely connected cooperate of positioning hole with the positioning block middle part; Have vertical throttling groove and multiple tracks annular compensating groove on rotary valve pole and the moving arm valve pole shaft, throttling groove intersects with annular compensating groove at least.
The rotating bucket of described selector valve connection oil-feed oil duct a3 is connected with left working hole oil-feed oil duct a1, right working hole oil-feed oil duct a5 by the rotating bucket one-way valve, the oil-feed oil duct a8 on swing arm joins by swing arm one-way valve and swing arm join left oil-feed oil duct a10, swing arm joins right oil-feed oil duct a6 and communicates.
The valve rod hole that runs through for valve rod on valve body is split into step hole, and its medium-length hole cooperates with valve rod, and shallow bore hole is as cylndrical surface closely connected cooperate of positioning hole with pressing plate flange position.
What described positioning block had a twice different direction is used to install the elastic steel ball radial direction through hole, and spring is housed respectively in two radial direction through hole, and steel ball is contained in the radial direction through hole port respectively and contacts with spring, and steel ball cooperates with the circular arc annular groove of wall portion.
Described twice different direction radial direction through hole mutually vertically but do not communicate, described wall portion is end cap inwall or lining inwall, has three road setting circle arc ring grooves on the inwall.
On rotary valve pole and moving arm valve pole shaft, have annular balance groove face and make conical surface shape along the position to the end of oil pocket.
On the valve body on the rotating bucket connection valve rod hole oil return oil duct T2 through Fill valve and rotating bucket valve down commentaries on classics working hole oil duct B1 communicate.
Described pressing plate thickens than routine, and the one side is shaped on the cylndrical surface flange, the closely connected cooperation of positioning hole in the cylndrical surface of this flange and valve body upper valve rod hole.
Positioning hole structure in the positioning device of the present invention has guaranteed the accurate coaxial of valve body and rotary valve pole and moving arm valve pole; The throttling groove of valve rod and annular compensating groove intersect, and two grooves are communicated, make the hydrovalve valve rod on the circumference at this position everywhere hydraulic coupling equate, can eliminate owing to the unequal radial imbalance force that produces of hydraulic coupling on the hydrovalve valve rod circumferencial direction; Valve rod is made conical surface shape towards the end edge of oil groove, increase with the stress surface of high pressure oil, installation, the running precision of valve rod obviously improve, can reduce the steering force of hydrovalve well, overcome " card valve " (hydraulic lock) problem of hydrovalve, can also reduce the abrasion of the corresponding part of hydrovalve, prolong the working life of hydrovalve, simple in structure, reliable operation.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, multipath hydraulic change-over valve, comprise valve body 2, rotary valve pole 4, moving arm valve pole 5, main safety valve 1, overload valve 10, the rotating bucket load keeps one-way valve 8, the swing arm load keeps one-way valve 9, Fill valve 3, rotary valve pole positioning device 7, moving arm valve pole positioning device 6 etc., rotating bucket connection valve rod hole on the valve body 2, be respectively equipped with 9 oil ducts on the swing arm connection valve rod hole, oil duct on the rotating bucket connection valve rod hole is followed successively by left oil return oil duct T1 from left to right, left side working hole oil duct A1, left side working hole oil-feed oil duct a1, rotating bucket joins left off-load oil duct a2, rotating bucket connection oil-feed oil duct a3, rotating bucket joins right off-load oil duct a4, right working hole oil-feed oil duct a5, right working hole oil duct B1, right oil return oil duct T2, wherein rotating bucket connection oil-feed oil duct a3 is by rotating bucket one-way valve 8 and left working hole oil-feed oil duct a1, right working hole oil-feed oil duct a5 is connected, and rotating bucket joins left off-load oil duct a2, rotating bucket joins the right off-load oil duct a4 back that crosses and joins the oil-feed oil duct with swing arm and communicate between rotating bucket connection and swing arm connection; Oil duct on the swing arm connection valve rod hole is respectively left oil return oil duct T1, left working hole oil duct A2, left working hole oil-feed oil duct a10 from left to right, swing arm joins left off-load oil duct a9, swing arm connection oil-feed oil duct a8, swing arm join right off-load oil duct a7, swing arm joins right oil-feed oil duct a6, right working hole oil duct B2, right oil return oil duct T2, wherein the oil-feed oil duct a8 on the swing arm connection by swing arm one-way valve and swing arm join left oil-feed oil duct a10, swing arm joins right oil-feed oil duct a6 and communicates.
Main safety valve 1 is combined on valve body 2 with the form of threaded insert, and its effect is a control system pressure, and when system pressure surpassed rated pressure, main safety valve 1 was opened, and pressure oil flows back to fuel tank, and the protection hydraulic system is not subjected to excess pressure and damages.
Under rotating bucket connection on the valve body 2, change the chamber special Fill valve 3 is housed, repairing is functional, oil return oil duct T2 changes working hole oil duct B1 down through Fill valve 3 and rotating bucket valve and communicates on the valve rod hole, can effectively prevent hydraulic system in the course of the work scraper bowl be subjected to the emptying phenomenon that external impulsive load produces.
The rotating bucket load keeps one-way valve 8 and swing arm load to keep one-way valve 9 to screw in valve body 2 in line check valve holes with the form of threaded insert, play the load maintenance effect of oil cylinder, prevent that rotary valve pole 4 and moving arm valve pole 5 actuator in commutation process from producing " nodding " phenomenon.
Rotary valve pole 4 and moving arm valve pole 5 are solid construction, good rigidity, and resiliently deformable is little, and thermal capacity is improved, and it is little to make it thermal distortion, and stem diameter dwindles simultaneously, can reduce the internal leakage of multiple directional control valve; The shelves place that respectively opens of rotary valve pole 4 and moving arm valve pole 5 has vertical throttling groove 2 and multiple tracks annular compensating groove 1 (in conjunction with Fig. 6), wherein have at least one annular compensating groove 1 to open in throttling groove 2 positions, be that throttling groove 2 intersects connection with annular compensating groove 1 at least, can make valve rod hydraulic lock and effectively speed governing zone broadening when high-pressure high-flow, can not occur, improve manual fine motion operating characteristics.Annular compensating groove 1 on rotary valve pole 4 and the moving arm valve pole 5 valve rod shafts towards the end of oil groove along making conical surface shape b (in conjunction with Fig. 6), increase the stress surface with high pressure oil, help reducing the steering force of hydrovalve.
As Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5, in order to guarantee valve rod accurate coaxial with valve body in gearshift procedure, avoid " card valve " phenomenon of hydrovalve, the present invention improves the positioning device of valve rod.Rotary valve pole adopts the spring location, moving arm valve pole adopts the steel ball location, have two step valve rod holes that supply rotary valve pole and moving arm valve pole valve rod to run through on the valve body 2, the path hole cooperates with valve rod 1, the pressing plate 3 that is enclosed within on the valve rod 1 thickens than routine, extended to the coaxial guiding distance of valve rod, the one side is shaped on cylndrical surface flange 31, the closely connected cooperation in the cylndrical surface of this flange is positioned on the hole, the big footpath of step in valve body upper valve rod hole, on the surface of contact of pressing plate 3 and valve body, valve rod seal ring is housed respectively, like this valve rod 1, pressing plate 3 can both be coaxial with the valve rod hole of valve body 2; The tail end of valve rod 1 is split into step hole, wherein the path deep hole is threaded with steel ball seat (or claiming positioning block) 4 front ends, big footpath shallow bore hole is as cylndrical surface 41 closely connected cooperate of positioning hole with steel ball seat 4 middle parts, be the positioning hole location of steel ball seat 4 by valve rod 1 tail end, and by scyewed joint on valve rod, realize that steel ball seat 4 is coaxial with valve rod 1, also just coaxial with valve body 2 upper valve body holes.What steel ball seat 4 had twice different direction or a spatial vertical is used to install the elastic steel ball radial direction through hole, be that spring 5 is contained in the steel ball seat radial direction through hole, each steel ball 6 is contained on the steel ball seat radial direction through hole port and with spring 5 and contacts, steel ball 6 also be distributed in coaxial position, valve body 2 upper valve rod holes on steel ball cooperate with the circular arc annular groove 71 of lining 7 inwalls and realize the location; Lining 7 is contained in the end cap 8, its inwall has three road setting circle arc ring grooves 71, by end cap 8 location, end cap 8 covers are pressed in pressing plate 3, are located by pressing plate 3, and are fastened on the valve body 2 by screw 9, the axial position of valve rod 1 in valve body hole limited by each grade circular arc annular groove on the lining, steel ball seat, steel ball of cooperating with the circular arc annular groove etc., like this, lining 7, end cap 8 are also coaxial with valve body upper valve rod hole, thus each the corresponding part that has guaranteed this positioning device all be in coaxial position, valve body upper valve rod hole on.
Oil circuit of the present invention adopts the series parallel connection form, and its effect is by the flow direction control rotary ink tank that changes fluid and the moving direction of boom cylinder, makes each object rest on a certain position, to satisfy the requirement of the various Working motions of engineering machinery.Rotating bucket connection selector valve is three six-way valves, spring reset, and it can be controlled on the scraper bowl changes, commentaries on classics and three actions of meta down, and shown position is " meta ".Swing arm connection selector valve is four six-way valves, the steel ball location, and it can control swing arm lifting, meta, decline and four actions of floating, and shown position is " meta ".
Steel ball positioning device of the present invention only needs three-flute just can realize the fourth gear location, as long as row's steel ball and circular arc annular groove location are arranged in the double steel ball, even another row's steel ball does not cooperate with the circular arc annular groove, also can realize the purpose of location, thereby only need open system three road circular arc annular grooves on the lining and can corresponding fourth gear move, reduced the probability that produces the retardance phenomenon between steel ball and the circular arc annular groove.Its principle is: when fluid enters valve body, valve rod is motionless, fluid is by middle oil circuit oil sump tank, bit function in the realization, at this moment two row steel ball G, F are in position shown in Figure 4, and promptly steel ball G is positioned at middle circle arc ring groove B place valve rod is located, steel ball F is positioned at the C place and is compressed and pushes up mutually with lining 7 inwalls, each equipment is action not, from the oil of work oil pump, flows back to fuel tank by oil inlet P through the logical return opening of oil duct.
When valve rod moves right, be positioned at circular arc annular groove D place, the right until steel ball F and make the valve rod location, steel ball G is compressed and pushes up mutually with lining 7 inwalls, and fluid enters the work system oil cylinder, and the oil of the oil cylinder the other end is got back to fuel tank, realizes swing arm rising function.
After this, when valve rod is moved to the left, is positioned at middle circle arc ring groove B place until steel ball G and makes the valve rod location, steel ball F is positioned at that C place is compressed and pushes up mutually with lining 7 inwalls and to make the valve rod location, realization swing arm decline function.
Valve rod continues to be moved to the left, and is positioned at circular arc annular groove A place, the left side until steel ball G and makes the valve rod location, and steel ball F is compressed with lining 7 inwalls and pushes up mutually, has formed oil suction chamber like this and has communicated with oil back chamber and each working oil chamber, thereby formed float function.