CN101333443B - Method for preparing water-dispersed block polymer flame retardants with phosphorus, silicon and nitrogen and uses thereof - Google Patents
Method for preparing water-dispersed block polymer flame retardants with phosphorus, silicon and nitrogen and uses thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101333443B CN101333443B CN2008100633009A CN200810063300A CN101333443B CN 101333443 B CN101333443 B CN 101333443B CN 2008100633009 A CN2008100633009 A CN 2008100633009A CN 200810063300 A CN200810063300 A CN 200810063300A CN 101333443 B CN101333443 B CN 101333443B
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- flame retardant
- flame retardants
- phosphorous
- polyvalent alcohol
- block polymer
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing water dispersible macromolecule flame retardant which contains P-block, Si-block and N-block and the application thereof. The flame retardant is produced through the following steps: polyisocyanate and polylols (including phosphoric polylol, carboxylic polylol, polymer polylol and castor oil) react to produce isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymer; then the isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymer is processed with amino silicones for chain extension and finally is neutralized and dispersed by alkali aqueous solution, thus preparing an aqueous dispersion with good dispersivity and stability. The invention is characterized in that the molecular chain of the synthesized flame retardant contains P, Si and N which have auxiliary fire retarding effects, thereby making the flame retardant better in fire retarding effect with no emission of poisonous gas and low amount of smog after burning; the synthesized flame retardant takes water as dispersive medium, thus being environment-friendly; meanwhile, good cohesive property of the polyurethane to a substrate makes the flame retardant good in cohesive property. The synthesized flame retardant can be used as fabric flame retardant, flame retardant dope for wood and paper, and can be used as flame retardant adhesive.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to that a kind of water-dispersion is phosphorous, the preparation method and its usage of silicon, nitrogen block polymer flame retardants.
Background technology
Fire brings serious harm and property to bring tremendous loss for human life security.Fire retardant uses to improve the non-flame properties of material, stops material to be ignited and suppresses the auxiliary agent of propagation of flame, and the material that contains fire retardant can prevent from initiation fire and suppress little fire to develop into tragic fire.Therefore, reasonably material is fire-retardant is one of strategic measure that reduces fire.
The ideal fire retardant not only has flame retarding efficiency height,, raw material little to light and Heat stability is good, toxicity inexpensive, the characteristics such as manufacturing process is simple that are easy to get, and when fire-retardant decomposition, the gas toxicity of release is little, smog is low.
At present, being used for fire retardants such as plastics, fabric, coating, tackiness agent has addition type and response type, mainly contains halogenide, phosphide, phosphorus-nitrogen, silicon, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide etc. by its composition, wherein best with the bromide effect, the consumption maximum.But, emit a large amount of toxic gases, big, the contaminate environment of smog during the burning of halogenide fire retardant, influence people's health.The fire-retardant consumption of mineral-type is big, and it is bigger often to cause material property to descend.Therefore, halogen, low toxicity, low cigarette, environmental friendliness based flame retardant are the important directions of present various countries research.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide that a kind of good flame retardation effect, toxicity water-dispersion low, that stability in storage is good are phosphorous, the preparation method and its usage of silicon, nitrogen block polymer flame retardants.
May further comprise the steps:
1) in the presence of organic solvent, with mol ratio is that 1.02: 1～3: 1 polyisocyanates and polyvalent alcohol were room temperature to 120 ℃ reaction 1～5 hour, make isocyanate terminated basic performed polymer, polyvalent alcohol is a phosphorated polyvalent alcohol on the molecular chain, polymer polyatomic alcohol, Viscotrol C or contain two or more mixture in the carboxyl polyvalent alcohol, phosphorus-containing polyol is 0.3: 1～0.75: 1 with the mol ratio of total polyvalent alcohol, the mol ratio that contains carboxyl polyvalent alcohol and total polyvalent alcohol is 0.2: 1～0.5: 1, polymer polyatomic alcohol is 0～0.3: 1 with the mol ratio of total polyvalent alcohol, and Viscotrol C is 0～0.15: 1 with the mol ratio of total polyvalent alcohol;
2) ℃ carry out chain extension block copolymerization reaction with ammonia alkyl polysiloxane and the above-mentioned isocyanate terminated basic performed polymer that makes in room temperature to 60, the reaction times is 0.1～0.5 hour, and the mol ratio of ammonia alkyl polysiloxane and isocyanate terminated basic performed polymer is 1: 1～2;
3) aqueous solution that under agitation adds alkaline neutraliser neutralizes, disperses, stir speed (S.S.) is 500～1500rp/min, in and dispersion temperature be room temperature to 50 ℃, after the aqueous solution adding of alkaline neutraliser finishes, continue to stir 1～1.5 hour, boil off organic solvent then, make pH and be that 5～8 water-dispersion is phosphorous, silicon, nitrogen block polymer flame retardants.
Described polyisocyanates is aromatic isocyanate or aliphatic isocyanates, aromatic isocyanate is one or more in tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethanediisocyanate, modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polyphenylene polyisocyanates or the hydrogenated diphenyl methane diisocyanate, aliphatic isocyanates is hexamethylene diisocyanate or isofoer diisocyanate.Phosphorus-containing polyol is not halogen-containing on the molecular chain, phosphorated polyether Glycols, and number-average molecular weight is 200～2000.Containing the carboxyl polyvalent alcohol is dimethylol propionic acid or dimethylolpropionic acid.Contain the carboxyl polyvalent alcohol and be maleic anhydride or Succinic Acid and polyol and react resulting half ester.Polymer polyatomic alcohol is that number-average molecular weight is 200～6000 polyester and polyether glycol.
Chainextender is an ammonia alkyl polysiloxane oligomer, and the molecular structural formula of ammonia alkyl polysiloxane is:
Wherein X is CH
3, OCH
3, OH, O-[Si (CH
3)
2-O]
nH, n=0～10, m=0～20.
Alkaline neutraliser is inorganic alkaline compound or organic basic compound, and inorganic alkaline compound is one or more in sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or the ammoniacal liquor, and organic basic compound is one or more in triethylamine, tripropyl amine or the dimethylethanolamine.Organic solvent is acetone, methylethylketone or methyl-2-pyrrolidone.Water-dispersion is phosphorous, silicon, nitrogen block polymer flame retardants is as fabric fire-retardant finishing agent, the anti-flaming dope and the fire-resistant binder of timber and paper etc.
The beneficial effect that compared with the prior art the present invention has
1) the present invention is a kind of not halogen-containing aqueous dispersed polymer fire retardant, and the product toxicity behind the pyrolytic decomposition is low, smog is little, no afterflame, glows;
2) polymer flame retardant of the present invention is the segmented copolymer that contains phosphorus, silicon, three kinds of elements of nitrogen, and the cooperative flame retardant effect of phosphorus nitrogen silicon is given this fire retardant good flame retardancy;
3) polymer flame retardant of the present invention contain block structures such as carbamate groups, urea groups, polysiloxane in its molecular chain, so this fire retardant has the good adhesive property to base material, mechanical property and surface property;
4) technology of the present invention is simple, and is easy to operate, is dispersion medium with water, nontoxic, do not fire, environmental protection.This fire retardant stability in storage is good, can be used as fabric fire-retardant finishing agent, and the anti-flaming dope and the fire-resistant binder of timber and paper etc. have broad application prospects.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1.
Synthesizing of performed polymer:
The proportioning raw materials that tolylene diisocyanate, polyoxytrimethylene ether glycol, Viscotrol C and dimethylol propionic acid and a small amount of organic solvent are provided by table 1 adds successively respectively and is equipped with in the four-hole boiling flask of reflux condensing tube, agitator, thermometer and logical nitrogen tube, reacted 3 hours down at 60-70 ℃, when the free isocyanate group reaches preset value, the cooling stopped reaction, both isocyanate terminated based polyurethanes performed polymer.The preparation of performed polymer also can prepare by stepwise reaction, promptly earlier TDI and polyoxytrimethylene ether, Viscotrol C is reacted 3 hours under these conditions, with the DMPA reaction, makes water dispersible anion polyurethane performed polymer again
Chain extension and neutralization
The above-mentioned performed polymer that makes is carried out chain extending reaction in room temperature to 50 ℃ and chainextender ammonia alkyl polysiloxane oligomer (or hexanediamine), 5～60 minutes reaction times, add then and contain the aqueous solution (generally 600rp/min) under high-speed stirring that measure triethylamine and neutralize, disperse, the consumption of water calculates and gets with solid content, generally controls solid content and is advisable at 20～40wt%.The pH value is 5～8, continues to disperse 1～1.5 hour, and organic solvent is removed in underpressure distillation then, makes the transparent emulsus or the micro emulsion shape aqueous dispersions that are uniformly dispersed, stablize, do not have precipitation, no condensation product.
Aqueous dispersions with the above-mentioned different organosilicon content that make carries out coated, oven dry to fabric, adopts GB/T5454-1997 to measure the oxygen index of fabric after fire-retardant finish, and the result is as shown in table 2.
The proportioning raw materials (mM) of the water-dispersion organosilicon-block polymers of polyurethane fire retardant of the different organosilicon content of table 1
| Organosilicon content | 0wt％ | 25wt％ | 35wt％ | 40wt％ | 45wt％ |
| N210 | 42.5 | 42.5 | 42.5 | 42.5 | 42.5 |
| Viscotrol C | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| DMPA | 31.8 | 49 | 62 | 71 | 84.4 |
| TDI | 115.3 | 122 | 150 | 171 | 199 |
| Chainextender | 30a | 19.5b | 34.5b | 46.5b | 61.25 |
| TEA | 31.8 | 49 | 62 | 71 | 84.4 |
Annotate: 1.N210 is the polyoxytrimethylene ether glycol of molecular weight about 1000; DMPA is a dimethylol propionic acid; TDI is a tolylene diisocyanate; TEA is a triethylamine.Chainextender a is a hexanediamine, and chainextender b is the ammonia alkyl polysiloxane oligomer of molecular weight 1400.
Table 2 cotton fabric is through the water-dispersion organosilicon-block polymers of polyurethane of different organosilicon content
Oxygen index after fire retardant is handled
| Organosilicon content | 0wt％ | 25wt％ | 35wt％ | 40wt％ | 45wt％ |
| Oxygen index | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 |
Embodiment 2.
Synthesis technique is with embodiment 1, adopts molecular chain phosphorated polyether glycol to substitute polyether glycol, investigates the cooperative flame retardant effect of phosphorus, silicon, nitrogen and to the fire retardation of cotton fabric.
The proportioning raw materials (mM) of the water-dispersion block polymer flame retardants of table 3 different phosphate, silicone content
| Phosphorus, silicone content | Si?25wt％ P?6.5wt％ | Si?35wt％ P?5.2wt％ | Si?40wt％ P?4.5wt％ | Si?45wt％ P?3.8wt％ |
| OP | 64.2 | 64.2 | 64.2 | 64.2 |
| Viscotrol C | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 |
| DMPA | 52.1 | 65.86 | 75.9 | 90 |
| TDI | 148 | 178 | 200 | 230 |
| NS1400 | 21 | 37.2 | 48.9 | 65.25 |
| TEA | 52.1 | 65.86 | 75.9 | 90 |
Annotate: 1.OP is a molecular chain phosphorated polyether Glycols, its hydroxyl value 170mg KOH/g, and phosphorus content is 16-18wt%
2. Si% is the content of organopolysiloxane segment in the flame retardant molecule chain in the table
3.NS1400 be the ammonia alkyl polysiloxane oligomer of number-average molecular weight 1400
The oxygen index of table 4 cotton fabric after the water-dispersion block polymer flame retardants of different phosphate silicone content is handled
| Phosphorus, silicone content | Si?25wt％ P?6.5wt％ | Si?35wt％ P?5.2wt％ | Si?40wt％ P?4.5wt％ | Si?45wt％ P?3.8wt％ |
| Oxygen index | 28 | 25 | 26 | 26.5 |
Embodiment 3.
Synthesis technique adopts phosphorous polyether Glycols to replace polyether Glycols and Viscotrol C with embodiment 1, investigates the influence of the increase of phosphorus content to flame retardant properties.Adopt GB/T 5455-1997 to measure the vertical combustion performance of fabric after fire-retardant finish, the result is as shown in table 7.The result shows, the flame retardant properties of phosphorous, silicon of the present invention, nitrogen block polymer flame retardants obviously is better than not phosphorated fire retardant.
The proportioning raw materials (mM) of the water-dispersion block polymer flame retardants of table 5 different phosphate, silicone content
| Phosphorus, silicone content | P?6wt％ Si?40wt％ | P?7wt％ Si?33.6wt％ | P?8wt％ Si?27wt％ | P?9wt％ Si?20.6wt％ | P?10wt％ Si?14.2wt％ | P?11wt％ Si?8wt％ |
| OP | 85 | 99 | 113 | 127 | 141 | 155 |
| DMPA | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
| TDI | 170 | 180 | 190.4 | 200.5 | 210 | 220.5 |
| NS2680 | 25.65 | 21.13 | 17.4 | 13.5 | 9 | 5.5 |
| TEA | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 |
Annotate: NS2680 is the ammonia alkyl polysiloxane oligomer of number-average molecular weight 2680
The oxygen index of table 6 cotton fabric after the water-dispersion block polymer flame retardants of different phosphate silicone content is handled
| Phosphorus, silicone content | ?P?6wt％?Si?40wt％ | P?7wt％ Si?33.6wt％ | ?P?8wt％?Si?27wt％ | P?9wt％ Si?20.6wt％ | P?10wt％ Si?14.2wt％ | P?11wt％ Si?8wt％ |
| Oxygen index | ?26.5 | 26.5 | ?27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
The oxygen index of table 7 cotton fabric after the water-dispersion block polymer flame retardants of different phosphate silicone content is handled
| Phosphorus, silicone content | ?P?6wt％?Si?40wt％ | P?7wt％ Si?33.6wt％ | ?P?8wt％?Si?27wt％ | P?9wt％ Si?20.6wt％ | ?P?10wt％?Si?14.2wt％ | P11?wt％ Si?8wt％ |
| Tear to pieces length cm | ?18 | 15 | ?14 | 10 | ?8.5 | 8 |
| Time s glows | ?0 | 0 | ?0 | 0 | ?0 | 0 |
| After flame time s | 0 | 0 | ?0 | 0 | ?0 | 0 |
Embodiment 4.
Adopt the water-dispersion of the above-mentioned P 10wt% that makes, Si 14.2wt% phosphorous, silicon, nitrogen block lifts the cottons that the compound fire retardant is handled different braidings, investigates the influence of coating thickness to flame retardant properties.The result is as shown in table 8.
Table 8 cotton type and coating thickness are to the influence of flame retardant properties
| The cotton type | Drills | Khaki 1 | Khaki 2 |
| Flame retardant agent content | 36wt％ | 22wt％ | 14wt％ |
| Phosphorus content | 3.5wt％ | 2.4wt％ | 1.1wt％ |
| Tear to pieces length cm | 6.5 | 8 | 10.5 |
| After flame time s | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Time s glows | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Claims (9)
1. the preparation method of phosphorous a, silicon, nitrogen block polymer flame retardants is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) in the presence of organic solvent, with mol ratio is that 1.02: 1～3: 1 polyisocyanates and polyvalent alcohol were room temperature to 120 ℃ reaction 1～5 hour, make isocyanate terminated basic performed polymer, polyvalent alcohol is a phosphorated polyvalent alcohol on the molecular chain, polymer polyatomic alcohol, Viscotrol C or contain two or more mixture in the carboxyl polyvalent alcohol, phosphorus-containing polyol is 0.3: 1～0.75: 1 with the mol ratio of total polyvalent alcohol, the mol ratio that contains carboxyl polyvalent alcohol and total polyvalent alcohol is 0.2: 1～0.5: 1, polymer polyatomic alcohol is 0～0.3: 1 with the mol ratio of total polyvalent alcohol, and Viscotrol C is 0～0.15: 1 with the mol ratio of total polyvalent alcohol;
2) ℃ carry out chain extension block copolymerization reaction with ammonia alkyl polysiloxane and the above-mentioned isocyanate terminated basic performed polymer that makes in room temperature to 60, the reaction times is 0.1～0.5 hour, and the mol ratio of ammonia alkyl polysiloxane and isocyanate terminated basic performed polymer is 1: 1～2;
3) aqueous solution that under agitation adds alkaline neutraliser neutralizes, disperses, stir speed (S.S.) is 500～1500rp/min, in and dispersion temperature be room temperature to 50 ℃, after the aqueous solution adding of alkaline neutraliser finishes, continue to stir 1～1.5 hour, boil off organic solvent then, make pH and be that 5～8 water-dispersion is phosphorous, silicon, nitrogen block polymer flame retardants.
2. the preparation method of a kind of phosphorous, silicon according to claim 1, nitrogen block polymer flame retardants, it is characterized in that described polyisocyanates is aromatic isocyanate or aliphatic isocyanates, aromatic isocyanate is one or more in tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethanediisocyanate, modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polyphenylene polyisocyanates or the hydrogenated diphenyl methane diisocyanate, aliphatic isocyanates is hexamethylene diisocyanate or isofoer diisocyanate.
3. the preparation method of a kind of phosphorous, silicon according to claim 1, nitrogen block polymer flame retardants is characterized in that described phosphorus-containing polyol is not halogen-containing on the molecular chain, phosphorated polyether Glycols, and number-average molecular weight is 200～2000.
4. the preparation method of a kind of phosphorous, silicon according to claim 1, nitrogen block polymer flame retardants is characterized in that the described carboxyl polyvalent alcohol that contains is dimethylol propionic acid or dimethylolpropionic acid.
5. the preparation method of a kind of phosphorous, silicon according to claim 1, nitrogen block polymer flame retardants is characterized in that the described carboxyl polyvalent alcohol that contains is that maleic anhydride or Succinic Acid and polyol react resulting half ester.
6. the preparation method of a kind of phosphorous, silicon according to claim 1, nitrogen block polymer flame retardants is characterized in that described polymer polyatomic alcohol is that number-average molecular weight is 200～6000 polyester and polyether glycol.
7. the preparation method of a kind of phosphorous, silicon according to claim 1, nitrogen block polymer flame retardants, it is characterized in that described alkaline neutraliser is inorganic alkaline compound or organic basic compound, inorganic alkaline compound is one or more in sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or the ammoniacal liquor, and organic basic compound is one or more in triethylamine, tripropyl amine or the dimethylethanolamine.
8. the preparation method of a kind of phosphorous, silicon according to claim 1, nitrogen block polymer flame retardants is characterized in that described organic solvent is acetone, methylethylketone or methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
9. the purposes of phosphorous, the silicon of the water-dispersion of method preparation, nitrogen block polymer flame retardants according to claim 1 is characterized in that as fabric fire-retardant finishing agent the anti-flaming dope and the fire-resistant binder of timber and paper etc.
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101643651B (en) * | 2009-08-25 | 2013-05-08 | 四川大学 | Macromolecular intumescent flame resistance carbonizing agent with branching and crosslinking structure and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102248839A (en) * | 2011-04-02 | 2011-11-23 | 匡赞辉 | Preparation method for corn stalk/recycling waste plastic pencil |
| CN102248838A (en) * | 2011-04-02 | 2011-11-23 | 匡赞辉 | Method for manufacturing pencil by utilizing recyclable biomass residues |
| CN102352560A (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2012-02-15 | 吴江征明纺织有限公司 | Textile flame-retardant finishing agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN105332321A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-02-17 | 沈阳领拓科技有限公司 | Expansion type flame retardant and application thereof to nonwoven foaming inflaming-retarding fireproof wallpaper |
| CN109135189B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-06-23 | 福建师范大学 | P/N/Si-containing multi-element polyphosphazene silazane flame retardant for epoxy resin and preparation method thereof |
| CN112252026A (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2021-01-22 | 浙江桐星纺织科技发展股份有限公司 | Production process of environment-friendly phosphorus-based low-weight-gain flame-retardant fabric |
| CN112480856A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-12 | 静宁县恒达有限责任公司 | Phosphorus-boron hybrid chain prepolymer block polyurethane flame-retardant adhesive and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN1556273A (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2004-12-22 | 浙江恒逸集团有限公司 | Silicon phosphonate containing fire rotardant and its synthesis method |
| CN1749291A (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2006-03-22 | 上海申真企业发展有限公司 | Flame-retardant polyurethane water dispersion and its preparing method |
| CN101225150A (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2008-07-23 | 浙江大学 | Method for synthesizing water-dispersion organosilicon-polyurethane block copolymer |
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Patent Citations (3)
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| CN1556273A (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2004-12-22 | 浙江恒逸集团有限公司 | Silicon phosphonate containing fire rotardant and its synthesis method |
| CN1749291A (en) * | 2005-09-29 | 2006-03-22 | 上海申真企业发展有限公司 | Flame-retardant polyurethane water dispersion and its preparing method |
| CN101225150A (en) * | 2008-01-28 | 2008-07-23 | 浙江大学 | Method for synthesizing water-dispersion organosilicon-polyurethane block copolymer |
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