CN101332510A - Method for preparing function gradient material using laminated layers method - Google Patents
Method for preparing function gradient material using laminated layers method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101332510A CN101332510A CNA2007100724215A CN200710072421A CN101332510A CN 101332510 A CN101332510 A CN 101332510A CN A2007100724215 A CNA2007100724215 A CN A2007100724215A CN 200710072421 A CN200710072421 A CN 200710072421A CN 101332510 A CN101332510 A CN 101332510A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a functional gradient material by a laminated method, and a laminated solid modeling method is a rapid forming and manufacturing technique. In the course of rapid forming and manufacturing, a conventional method for removing the surplus material is replaced by a method in which the forming is realized by gradually adding material. The rapid forming and manufacturing method can be combined with CAD, laser, photochemistry and polymer technologies to realize an integrated manufacturing process. The laminated solid modeling and manufacturing process starts with a conventional three-dimensional CAD document, the document is converted into a standard format (*.STL document) for manufacture, and then a material model is decomposed into a plurality of very thin sections via a separating procedure. The movement of a molding table and a laser scanner are controlled according to a scan path designed based on the profiles of the sections. The method of the invention consists of the design of a blank, the preparation of a biscuit, the layering of the blank, the preparation of a slice, the preparation of the blank, and the self-spread burning synthesis of the blank. The method of the invention relates to the field of functional gradient material preparation.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of lay-up method combustion synthesis technology and make the TiC-Ni FGM.
Background technology:
The prior function functionally gradient material (FGM) is a kind of new material design concept.The The Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of FGM presents gradient and distributes, so performance also presents lasting the variation.As heterogeneous material, FGM has the not available premium properties of homogeneous material under given conditions.FGM is the high performance material of a kind of maceral, structure, performance stepped change.Have characteristics such as higher mechanical strength, heat shock resistance, resistance to elevated temperatures.Be widely used at electronic unit, artificial tooth, automobile engine, brake, chemical industry parts etc.The preparation method of FGM has: vapour deposition process, particle alignment method, electrodeposition process etc.Vapour deposition and electrodeposition process can not prepare big thickness bulk, particle alignment method complex procedures, component gradient control difficulty.
FGM is divided into the manufacturing of two steps, is respectively forming process and building-up process.The former comprises accumulation, sputtering sedimentation, moulding by casting and coating procedure.The latter comprises physical vapour deposition (PVD), and powder sintered and combustion synthesis technology (perhaps crying from climing combustion high temperature synthetic technology) is electroplated in chemical vapour deposition (CVD).
The laminated solid body moulding is a kind of rapid shaping manufacturing technology.In the rapid shaping manufacture process, the method for moulding substitutes by increasing material gradually by a kind of in the removal of traditional material surplus.The rapid shaping manufacture method can with CAD, laser, photochemistry and polymer technology combine and realize integrated manufacturing process.Laminated solid body moulding manufacture process is from traditional three-dimensional CAD document, and the document is converted to the reference format (* .STL file) of making usefulness, and then by separable programming the material model sheet is separated a lot of extremely thin sections.The scanning pattern control shaping platform of profile design and moving of laser scanner according to these sections.Excised according to piecemeal section by laser beam in the time of different material band process, these section stackings form the element that requires size.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is FGM, provide-kind of low cost, high efficiency lay-up method manufacturing technology at TiC-Ni.
Above-mentioned purpose realizes by following technical scheme:
Adopt lay-up method to prepare the method for FGM, its composition comprises: the design of base substrate, the preparation of biscuit, the layering, the preparation of lamella, the preparation of base substrate, the base substrate self-propagating combustion that carry out base substrate then are synthetic, the layering of described base substrate is with 3-D graphic software the base substrate that designs to be inputed in the computer, and generating reference format * .STL file, the base substrate in the stl file that the use separable programming will generate is divided into certain thickness lamella.
Described employing lay-up method prepares the method for FGM, the preparation of described biscuit is that amorphous graphite is mixed with identical molal quantity with titanium valve, mass ratio is 1: 4, requirement according to gradient adds the Ni powder in the mixed powder of graphite and titanium valve then, making the mass percent of Ni powder in mixture is 0.1～50%, thereby form the different powder of Ni content, the powder that these Ni content are different is put into ball grinder respectively and is carried out ball milling and be transferred to drying baker after 10～20 hours and dry, and treats that fully dry back is rolled into certain thickness biscuit band with roll forming machine with it.
Described employing lay-up method prepares the method for FGM, and the preparation of described lamella is the biscuit band processing lamella that adopts numerically controlled processing equipment to have prepared.Described employing lay-up method prepares the method for FGM, and the preparation of described base substrate is to use organic binder bond that the lamella that generates is bonded together according to a certain order, forms base substrate.
Described employing lay-up method prepares the method for FGM, described base substrate self-propagating combustion is synthetic to be that the base substrate that will bond together earlier is heated to 200～400 ℃, to remove the organic matter in the base substrate, reach the purpose of degreasing, then base substrate is transferred in the mould, the end that Ni content is less is downward, in mould, add silica as filler, with the mixed powder of preparation amorphous graphite of biscuit and titanium as igniting agent, the quality of igniting agent is 5～15g, sparking mode is then used the mode of resistance wire heating, and 10～20s uses high pressure 120t biscuit is suppressed after igniting, forms FGM.
This technical scheme has following beneficial effect:
1. the high reaction temperature that produces of the present invention lower boiling impure impurity that can volatilize produces comparatively pure product.
2. the present invention has avoided demand to the equipment and the instrument of costliness from the heating essence of climing combustion reaction
3. the time of reacting that the present invention is quite short has been reduced the cost of operation and processing
4. the high thermal gradient of the present invention has produced lack of balance or has cried metastable state mutually with quick cooling rate
5. the present invention can utilize reactive chemistry can finish the synthetic and reinforcing of inorganic material a step.
6. the present invention can prepare identical FGM, and additive method is to be difficult to maybe can not accomplish this point.
Description of drawings:
Accompanying drawing 1 is a preparation principle schematic diagram of the present invention.
The specific embodiment of the present invention:
Embodiment 1:
Adopt lay-up method to prepare the method for FGM, its composition comprises: the preparation of the layering of the design of base substrate, the preparation of biscuit, base substrate, the preparation of lamella, base substrate, base substrate self-propagating combustion synthesize, the layering of described base substrate is with 3-D graphic software the base substrate that designs to be inputed in the computer, and is converted into standard format files (* .STL).Base substrate in the stl file that the use separable programming will generate is divided into certain thickness lamella.
Described employing lay-up method prepares the method for FGM, and the design of described base substrate is according to the requirement to FGM, the content of the gradient of design function material and each component (amorphous graphite, titanium valve and Ni powder).
Described employing lay-up method prepares the method for FGM, the preparation of described biscuit is that amorphous graphite is mixed (mass ratio is 1: 4) with titanium valve with identical molal quantity, in the mixed powder of graphite and titanium valve, require to add the Ni powder of 0.1～50wt% then according to gradient, thereby form the different powder of Ni content, the powder that these Ni content are different is put into ball grinder respectively and is carried out ball milling and be transferred to drying baker after 10～20 hours and dry.Treat that fully dry back is rolled into certain thickness biscuit band with roll forming machine with it.
Described employing lay-up method prepares the method for FGM, and the biscuit band that the preparation of described lamella is to use numerically controlled processing equipment as shown in drawings to have prepared is processed into shape as shown in drawings.
Described employing lay-up method prepares the method for FGM, and the preparation of described base substrate is to use organic binder bond that the lamella that generates is bonded together according to a certain order, forms base substrate.
Described employing lay-up method prepares the method for FGM, described base substrate self-propagating combustion is synthetic to be that the base substrate that will bond together earlier is heated to 200～400 ℃, to remove the organic matter in the base substrate, reach the purpose of degreasing, then base substrate is transferred in the mould, the end that Ni content is less is downward, in mould, add silica as filler, with the mixed powder of preparation amorphous graphite of biscuit and titanium as igniting agent, the quality of igniting agent is 5～15g, sparking mode is then used the mode of resistance wire heating, and 10～20s uses high pressure 120t biscuit is suppressed after igniting, forms FGM.
Embodiment 2:
1, the length of the FGM that designs in the present embodiment of the design of base substrate is that 12.5mm, an end Ni content are 50wt.%, and other end Ni content is 9.09%.Its composition evenly reduces on the length direction of base substrate.
2, the preparation of biscuit mixes the titanium valve of 100g amorphous graphite powder and 400g, is placed on to stir in the agitator to get final product in 2 hours.Be divided into 10 parts then, every part of 50g.The weight of the Ni powder that adds in each part is inequality.It is distributed as an arithmetic progression: promptly add 5g Ni powder in first part, add 10g Ni powder in second part, add 15g Ni powder in the 3rd part, the rest may be inferred, adds the 50gNi powder in the last portion.The powder that these Ni content are different is transferred to the ball milling that carried out in the ball mill 12 hours.After ball milling finishes, these powders are transferred in the drying plant dry 2 hours.At last powder is put into flaking machine and be rolled into the thick biscuit band of 2.5mm.
3, the 3-D graphic input computer of traditional three-dimensional CAD software with the base substrate that will prepare used in the layering of base substrate, and is converted into standard format files (* .STL).Base substrate in the stl file that the use separable programming will generate is divided into the lamella of 2.5mm.
4, the preparation of the lamella paired domination number control laser process equipment that uses a computer is processed the biscuit band of having prepared, and cuts out the sheet-shaped of expection.
5, the sheet surfaces for preparing in step 4 of the preparation of base substrate is coated PVA equably, and thickness is greatly about about 0.1mm.Because lamella intensity is lower, therefore should reduce its carrying as far as possible, break to prevent it.All lamellas are stacked successively by varying in size of Ni powder content, form base substrate.Put into drying box and carry out drying, remove partial organic substances in the lamella earlier.
6, the synthetic temperature with base substrate of base substrate 3 self-propagating combustions is elevated to 300 ℃, and keeps 1 hour, so that the organic matter in the base substrate is removed as far as possible.Then it is transferred in the mould 2, the low end of Ni powder content down.In mould, add silica 5 as filler.Use 10g Ti powder and amorphous graphite (weight ratio is 4: 1) igniting agent, sparking mode is for using the method for electric heating tungsten filament firing point firearm 4.Igniter is given heater 4 energisings by lead 7 and detonator is lighted and makes base substrate 3 burnings, applies the pressure of 120t by pressure head 1 to base substrate 3 behind igniting 15s, and the cooling back forms needed FGM.
Embodiment 3:
1, our FGM of design of the design of base substrate is the TiC-Ni FGM base substrate of 1.96wt.%～50wt.%, and the length of FGM is 12.5mm, and the content of Ni evenly successively decreases drawing on the length direction of base substrate.
2, the preparation of biscuit mixes 100g amorphous graphite powder and 400g titanium valve, is placed on as shown in drawings to stir in the agitator to get final product in 2 hours.Be divided into 50 parts then, every part weight is 10g.Add the Ni powder of Different Weight in each part, it is distributed as an arithmetic progression: promptly the addition of Ni is 0.2g in nethermost portion, and later every part addition is all than the 0.2g of manying Ni powder in the preceding portion.Interpolation finishes, and they is transferred to respectively carry out abundant ball milling in the ball mill again, and the time is approximately 12 hours.After ball milling finishes, these powders were transferred in the drying plant dry 2 hours.At last powder is put into flaking machine and be rolled into the thick biscuit band of 0.5mm.
3, the 3-D graphic input computer of traditional three-dimensional CAD software with the base substrate that will prepare used in the layering of base substrate, and is converted into standard format files (* .STL).Base substrate in the stl file that the use separable programming will generate is divided into the lamella of 2.5mm.
4, the preparation of the lamella paired domination number control laser process equipment that uses a computer is processed the biscuit band of having prepared, and cuts out the sheet-shaped of expection.
5, the sheet surfaces for preparing in step 4 of the preparation of base substrate is coated PVA equably, and thickness is greatly about about 0.1mm.Because lamella intensity is lower, therefore should reduce its carrying as far as possible, break to prevent it.All lamellas are stacked successively by varying in size of Ni powder content, form base substrate.Put into drying box and carry out drying, remove partial organic substances in the lamella earlier.
6, the synthetic temperature with base substrate of base substrate 3 self-propagating combustions is elevated to 300 ℃, and keeps 1 hour, so that the organic matter in the base substrate is removed as far as possible.Then it is transferred in the mould 2, the low end of Ni powder content down.In mould, add silica 5 as filler.Use 10g Ti powder and amorphous graphite (weight ratio is 4: 1) igniting agent, sparking mode is for using the method for electric heating tungsten filament firing point firearm 4.Igniter is given heater 4 energisings by lead 7 and detonator is lighted and makes base substrate 3 burnings, applies the pressure of 120t by pressure head 1 to base substrate 3 behind igniting 15s, and the cooling back forms needed FGM.
So material is the uneven anisotropic mechanical performance that has.The intensity that is parallel to thickness direction is perpendicular to about the twice of thickness direction, and maximum intensity is 950Mpa.Bonding force between each of material layer is very big, and this is the result of combustion temperatures and instant pressure.When load was parallel to thickness direction and applies, sample had a very big internal stress.HRA hardness under the 60kg load of whole cross section is 84.5～86.5.
By rapid shaping and the synthetic technology that combines of high-temp combustion the TiC-Ni band of roll forming machine manufacturing has been made the TiC-Ni FGM.Lay-up method makes full use of rapid shaping and the synthetic advantage of high-temp combustion, combines with computer, and low cost, efficient fast, made FGM accurately.The excellent material performance of making.The ni content made is shown from structural analysis and the performance test that the TiC-Ni FGM of 1.96wt.%～50wt.% carries out: material is an anisotropy; Interlayer is bonding very tight; Can influence material at pressure and flow event under the gravity effect by control liquid phase Ni and form mutually distribution with element continuously.Material hardness is greater than 84 of HRA, and averag density is greater than 5.2g/cm
3, and increase relative density maximum in the TiC-20wt.%Ni zone along the direction of the increase of Ni content.It is relevant that three-point bending strength and Ni content and load apply direction, and the intensity that is parallel to thickness direction is perpendicular to two times of thickness direction intensity.20wt.% has the maximum intensity of about 950Mpa when Ni content.
In embodiment 2, because the layering number is little, the therefore uniformity of the FGM that obtains poor than in embodiment 3.
Claims (9)
1. method that adopts lay-up method to prepare FGM, its composition comprises: the design of base substrate, the preparation of biscuit, it is characterized in that: the layering, the preparation of lamella, the preparation of base substrate, the base substrate self-propagating combustion that carry out base substrate then are synthetic, the layering of described base substrate is with 3-D graphic software the base substrate that designs to be inputed in the computer, and generating reference format * .STL file, the base substrate in the stl file that the use separable programming will generate is divided into certain thickness lamella.
2. employing lay-up method according to claim 1 prepares the method for FGM, it is characterized in that: the preparation of described biscuit is that amorphous graphite is mixed with identical molal quantity with titanium valve, mass ratio is 1: 4, requirement according to gradient adds the Ni powder in the mixed powder of graphite and titanium valve then, making the mass percent of Ni powder in mixture is 0.1～50%, thereby form the different powder of Ni content, the powder that these Ni content are different is put into ball grinder respectively and is carried out ball milling and be transferred to drying baker after 10～20 hours and dry, and treats that fully dry back is rolled into certain thickness biscuit band with roll forming machine with it.
3. employing lay-up method according to claim 1 and 2 prepares the method for FGM, it is characterized in that: the preparation of described lamella is the biscuit band processing lamella that adopts numerically controlled processing equipment to have prepared.
4. employing lay-up method according to claim 1 and 2 prepares the method for FGM, it is characterized in that: the preparation of described base substrate is to use organic binder bond that the lamella that generates is bonded together according to a certain order, forms base substrate.
5. employing lay-up method according to claim 3 prepares the method for FGM, it is characterized in that: the preparation of described base substrate is to use organic binder bond that the lamella that generates is bonded together according to a certain order, forms base substrate.
6. employing lay-up method according to claim 4 prepares the method for FGM, it is characterized in that: the preparation of described base substrate is to use organic binder bond that the lamella that generates is bonded together according to a certain order, forms base substrate.
7, the method for preparing FGM according to claim 1 or 2 or 5 or 6 described employing lay-up methods, it is characterized in that: described base substrate self-propagating combustion is synthetic to be that the base substrate that will bond together earlier is heated to 200～400 ℃, to remove the organic matter in the base substrate, reach the purpose of degreasing, then base substrate is transferred in the mould, the end that Ni content is less is downward, in mould, add silica as filler, with the mixed powder of preparation amorphous graphite of biscuit and titanium as igniting agent, the quality of igniting agent is 5～15g, sparking mode is then used the mode of resistance wire heating, 10～20s uses high pressure 120t biscuit is suppressed after igniting, forms FGM.
8, employing lay-up method according to claim 3 prepares the method for FGM, it is characterized in that: described base substrate self-propagating combustion is synthetic to be that the base substrate that will bond together earlier is heated to 200～400 ℃, to remove the organic matter in the base substrate, reach the purpose of degreasing, then base substrate is transferred in the mould, the end that Ni content is less is downward, in mould, add silica as filler, with the mixed powder of preparation amorphous graphite of biscuit and titanium as igniting agent, the quality of igniting agent is 5～15g, sparking mode is then used the mode of resistance wire heating, 10～20s uses the high pressure of 120t that biscuit is suppressed after igniting, forms FGM.
9, employing lay-up method according to claim 4 prepares the method for FGM, it is characterized in that: described base substrate self-propagating combustion is synthetic to be that the base substrate that will bond together earlier is heated to 200～400 ℃, to remove the organic matter in the base substrate, reach the purpose of degreasing, then base substrate is transferred in the mould, the end that Ni content is less is downward, in mould, add silica as filler, with the mixed powder of preparation amorphous graphite of biscuit and titanium as igniting agent, the quality of igniting agent is 5～15g, sparking mode is then used the mode of resistance wire heating, 10～20s uses the high pressure of 120t that biscuit is suppressed after igniting, forms FGM.
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| CNA2007100724215A CN101332510A (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2007-06-29 | Method for preparing function gradient material using laminated layers method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104338931A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-02-11 | 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 | Method and device for preparing functionally graded structural component |
| CN108753410A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-11-06 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of the controllable Ti/C detonators of heat release amount |
| CN113333747A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-03 | 江西理工大学 | Tungsten copper functional gradient material with continuously-changed components and preparation method thereof |
-
2007
- 2007-06-29 CN CNA2007100724215A patent/CN101332510A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104338931A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-02-11 | 湖南华曙高科技有限责任公司 | Method and device for preparing functionally graded structural component |
| CN108753410A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-11-06 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of the controllable Ti/C detonators of heat release amount |
| CN113333747A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-03 | 江西理工大学 | Tungsten copper functional gradient material with continuously-changed components and preparation method thereof |
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Open date: 20081231 |