CN101332084B - Area barycenter displacement analytical method of pulse wave - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for analyzing the area, the center of gravity and the displacement of a pulse wave and the method of the invention comprises the procedures: using a data collection module to collect pulse wave signals; using a data analyzing module to deal with the obtained pulse wave signals after collection and quantifies the pulse waveform characteristics into characteristic indexes which comprise at least one of the three: the whole and partial areas and the area coefficient below the pulse wave curve, the position of the center of gravity of the whole and the partial areas below the pulse wave curve and the cardiac cycle that the pulse wave graph is corresponding to. By dynamically tracking the changes of the characteristic indexes, the working conditions, the changing process, the dynamic trend and the like of the blood flow of the heart vessels can be observed non-invasively, in real time and continuously. The method for analyzing the area, the center of gravity and the displacement of a pulse wave can be used for the training evaluation, the exercise monitoring, the physical ability test and the like which are oriented to sports professional people and ordinary populace.

Description

The area barycenter displacement analytical method of pulse wave

Technical field

The present invention relates to not have wound vitro detection technical field, specifically the quantification of pulse waveform and analytical method.

Background technology

At present, have the following characteristic point of the quantitative analysis method of pulse wave having been utilized pulse wave now, see Fig. 1 a, trough 3, dicrotic wave crest 4 among the figure between the trough 1 and 5 of pulse wave, main wave-wave peak 2, main ripple and the dicrotic wave; P1: pulse wave master wave-wave peak height, P2: pulse wave dicrotic wave crest height of wave, V: the height of trough between main ripple and dicrotic wave, T: pulsation period.Can quantize pulse wave by above-mentioned each characteristic point coordinates.But often because of individual variation, state or age differences, the pulse wave signal of human body is not all to be to have possessed above-mentioned all characteristic points as shown in Figure 1a, but presents the state shown in Fig. 1 b under considerable situation.Be that the pulse wave form often changes because of individual variation and the different of state of living in, there is quite a few pulse wave signal not have dicrotic wave, will cause trough 3 and the 4 fuzzy even disappearances of dicrotic wave crest between main ripple shown in Fig. 1 a and the dicrotic wave like this, cause indexs such as V, P2, t2, t3 to measure, make the feature of this part pulse wave to quantize.Dynamically the continuous monitoring pulse wave signal then requires can both quantize each pulse wave in the tested individual change procedure, and requires the variation track of each characteristic point of continuous record to carry out the playback analysis.This has just proposed new requirement to measurement, quantification and the analytical method of pulse wave.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is directed to above-mentioned deficiency a kind of method of can continuous monitoring analyzing pulse wave is provided.

Principle of the present invention is by the pulse wave curves to being gathered, and adopts the area barycenter displacement analytic process that its wave character is quantized into characteristic index.For further integrated treatment, analysis and calculating generate a series of quantized and hearts, blood vessel, physiological parameter that blood flow is relevant creates conditions.Above-mentioned serial characteristic index and the physiological parameter that generated are carried out continuous monitoring, record, observation, storage, playback, statistics, analysis and research, promptly realized noinvasive, in real time, the process of continuously monitoring human body hemodynamic state and its dynamic change of tracing observation.

For achieving the above object, the inventive method comprises the steps:

Use a data acquisition module, be used to gather pulse wave signal;

Use a data analysis module, be used to handle the pulse wave signal that collects, wave character is quantized into characteristic index.

Specifically, data analysis module calculates at least a following characteristic index according to pulse wave signal:

1) integral body under the pulse wave curves and local area and area coefficient thereof comprise whole pulse wave-wave area of pictural surface A ', the ripple area of pictural surface Ac ' of the ripple area of pictural surface Ad ' of upstroke counterpart and area coefficient Cd thereof and decent counterpart and area coefficient Cc thereof;

2) position of centre of gravity of area under the pulse wave curves comprises the ripple area of pictural surface center of gravity G1 of whole pulse wave-wave area of pictural surface center of gravity G and upstroke counterpart and the ripple area of pictural surface center of gravity G2 of decent counterpart;

3) the pairing pulsation period T of pulse wave-wave figure, comprise the upstroke counterpart the time phase Td and decent counterpart time Tc mutually;

4) to 1), 2), 3) described in index carry out the new characteristic index that computing produces.

Wherein 4) the new index described in includes but not limited to: Ad '/Ac ', Cd/Cc, Cc-Cd, Ad '/A ', Ac '/A ', X2-X1, Y1-Y2, X-X1, Y1-Y, X2-X, Y-Y2, (t _Cc-t _c)/(t _c-t _Dc), (q _c-q _Cc)/(q _Dc-q _c), (X2-X)/(X-X1), (Y-Y2)/(Y1-Y), X-Td/T, (X2-Td/T), (Td/T-X1), Td/Tc, (Tc-Td)/T or the like.

Referring to Fig. 2, area under the described pulse wave curves comprises whole pulse wave-wave area of pictural surface A ' and calculates the ripple area of pictural surface Ad ' of upstroke counterpart respectively and the ripple area of pictural surface Ac ' of decent counterpart.

Phase T when pulse wave-wave figure is pairing: pulsation period;

The time phase Td of upstroke counterpart: angioplerosis phase;

The time phase Tc of decent counterpart: blood vessel retraction phase.

Referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 8 a, b, the barycentric coodinates position of area under the described pulse wave curves comprises whole pulse wave-wave area of pictural surface center of gravity G coordinate (t _c, q _c) and relative coordinate (X, Y) and the ripple area of pictural surface center of gravity G1 coordinate (t of upstroke counterpart _Dc, q _Dc) and relative coordinate (X1, Y1) and the ripple area of pictural surface center of gravity G2 coordinate (t of decent counterpart _Cc, q _Cc) and suitable coordinate (X2, Y2);

In view of finger tip volumetric blood flow pulse wave with respect to radial artery, brachial artery, easier collection such as carotid artery, especially real-time, dynamically, the continuous acquisition aspect has advantage, yet, with respect to radial artery, brachial artery, the pressure wave that carotid artery etc. are located, the waveform of finger tip volumetric blood flow pulse wave is relatively slicker and more sly, its rising and decline are all compared slowly, dicrotic wave hangs down flat even does not have crest, and this is owing to the filter action to waveform generation such as the repeatedly branch leakage of pressure pulse wave process microvascular resistance of tip and capillary network and blood capillary surrounding tissue causes.Because discernible intuitionistic feature point is less, increased suitable difficulty just for the quantification and the analysis of waveform." area barycenter displacement analytic process " generated brand-new characteristic point and quantizating index to pulse wave, and it is different with characteristic point on the pulse wave curves shown in Figure 1, no matter how individual variation, kinestate, physiology and pathological condition change, these characteristic points and quantizating index all can not disappear, be fit to continue tracing observation, thereby efficiently solve this difficult problem of pulse wave continuous monitoring.

Adopting " area barycenter displacement analytic process " to carry out the hemodynamics detection and study is to be based upon on the continuous monitoring basis of pulse wave.Finger tip volumetric blood flow pulse wave signal includes the unify information of microcirculation aspect of a large amount of cardiovascular systems, article one, pulse wave curves is detected particular individual blood flow and blood vessel results of interaction, has reflected human body microvascular hemodynamics characteristic under special time and state.Under the unobstructed situation of trunk and blood capillary blood flow, wherein include abundant human bloodstream dynamic information.The variation tendency of continuous monitoring pulse wave characteristic index just can be followed the tracks of, observes, the hemodynamics information and the Changing Pattern thereof of analysis, researching human body.

Area under the finger tip volumetric blood flow pulse wave curves Q (t) can be expressed as:

$A^{,}=\underset{O}{\overset{T}{\∫}}Q\left(t\right)\mathrm{dt}$

Qmax is a finger volume pulse blood flow maximum; Qmin is a finger volume pulse blood flow minima; T is the pulsation period.See Fig. 4.

For further wave character being quantized, with reflection from blood vessel begin full up to maximum process be pulse wave the upstroke correspondence the time be defined as filling period mutually, represent with Td.With reflected blood vessel begin under the arterial wall elastic reaction to bounce back up to venous backflow make the full process of heart be pulse wave the decent correspondence the time be defined as the retraction phase mutually, represent with Tc.

Whole oscillogram cartographic represenation of area under the pulse wave curves Q (t) is:

$A^{,}=\underset{O}{\overset{T}{\∫}}Q\left(t\right)\mathrm{dt}$

Pulse wave curves Q (t) during following filling period corresponding area can be expressed as:

${\mathrm{Ad}}^{,}=\underset{O}{\overset{\mathrm{Td}}{\∫}}Q\left(t\right)\mathrm{dt}$

Cd=Ad '/A ' is the ratio of pulse wave curves corresponding area and whole oscillogram area during following filling period, is defined as pulse wave filling period area coefficient.See Fig. 5.

Pulse wave curves Q (t) down retraction during the phase corresponding area can be expressed as:

${\mathrm{Ac}}^{,}=\underset{\mathrm{Td}}{\overset{T}{\∫}}Q\left(t\right)\mathrm{dt}$

Cc=Ac '/A ' is the ratio of retraction corresponding area and whole oscillogram area during the phase under the pulse wave curves, is defined as the pulse wave phase area coefficient that bounces back.See Fig. 5.

Area barycentric coodinates under the pulse wave curves Q (t) are seen Fig. 6, can be expressed as:

Abscissa: vertical coordinate:

$q_c=\frac{\mathrm{\Σ\Δ}{A^{,}}_i{q}_i}{A^{,}}=\frac{{\∫A}^{,\mathrm{qd}{A}^{,}}}{A^{,}}$ $t_c=\frac{\mathrm{\Σ\Δ}{A^{,}}_i{t}_i}{A^{,}}=\frac{{\∫A}^{,\mathrm{td}{A}^{,}}}{A^{,}}$

The morphological characteristic that quantizes pulse wave also can realize by the relative coordinate of reference area center of gravity, sees Fig. 7.If T is a long measure, Qmax-Qmin is a width unit, we can obtain waveform area center of gravity G (X, relative coordinate value Y) is:

$X=\frac{t_c}{T}$ $Y=\frac{q_c}{Q\text{max-Q}\text{min}}$

With quadrat method can obtain respectively Q (t) down with the barycentric coodinates of filling period and corresponding area of retraction phase, same, the morphological characteristic that quantizes pulse wave also can be seen Fig. 8 by calculating the relative coordinate realization of corresponding area center of gravity.

Pulse wave curves Q (t) is the area barycentric coodinates G1 (t of upstroke part down _Dc, q _Dc) see and can be expressed as Fig. 8 a:

Abscissa: vertical coordinate:

$t_{\mathrm{dc}}=\frac{\mathrm{\Σ\Δ}{{\mathrm{Ad}}^{,}}_i{t}_i}{{\mathrm{Ad}}^{,}}=\frac{{\∫\mathrm{Ad}}^{,\mathrm{td}{A}^{,}}}{{\mathrm{Ad}}^{,}}$ $q_{\mathrm{dc}}=\frac{\mathrm{\Σ\Δ}{{\mathrm{Ad}}^{,}}_i{q}_i}{{\mathrm{Ad}}^{,}}=\frac{{\∫\mathrm{Ad}}^{,\mathrm{qd}{A}^{,}}}{{\mathrm{Ad}}^{,}}$

If T is a long measure, Qmax-Qmin is a width unit, we can obtain this portion waveshape area center of gravity relative coordinate G1 (X1 Y1), sees Fig. 8 b, can be expressed as:

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="X"\; filenames="S071B8097620070726E000031.png,S071B8097620070726E000033.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">X</figure-callout>}}_1=\frac{t_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="dc\; T\; Y"\; filenames="S071B8097620070726E000031.png,S071B8097620070726E000033.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">dc</figure-callout>}}}{T}$ $Y_{}$ ${}_1=\frac{q_{\mathrm{dc}}}{Q\text{max-Q}\text{min}}$

Pulse wave curves Q (t) is the area barycentric coodinates G2 (t of decent part down _Cc, q _Cc) see and can be expressed as Fig. 8 a:

Abscissa: vertical coordinate:

$t_{\mathrm{cc}}=\frac{\mathrm{\&Sigma;\&Delta;}{{\mathrm{Ac}}^{,}}_i{t}_i}{{\mathrm{Ac}}^{,}}=\frac{{\&Integral;\mathrm{Ac}}^{,\mathrm{td}{A}^{,}}}{{\mathrm{Ac}}^{,}}$ $q_{\mathrm{cc}}=\frac{\mathrm{\&Sigma;\&Delta;}{{\mathrm{Ac}}^{,}}_i{q}_i}{{\mathrm{Ac}}^{,}}=\frac{{\&Integral;\mathrm{Ac}}^{,\mathrm{qd}{A}^{,}}}{{\mathrm{Ac}}^{,}}$

If T is a long measure, Qmax-Qmin is a width unit, and the relative coordinate value that we can obtain this portion waveshape area center of gravity is:

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="X"\; filenames="S071B8097620070726E000011.png,S071B8097620070726E000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">X</figure-callout>}}_2=\frac{t_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="cc\; T\; Y"\; filenames="S071B8097620070726E000011.png,S071B8097620070726E000042.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">cc</figure-callout>}}}{T}$ $Y_{}$ ${}_2=\frac{q_{\mathrm{cc}}}{Q\text{max-Q}\text{min}}$

Area A ', Ad ', Ac ' and phase T, Td, Tc when corresponding, comprise area coefficient Cd, Cc and barycentric coodinates (X, Y), (X1, Y1), (X2 Y2) is the index of the whole and local feature of reflection pulse wave.Whole and the local area or area coefficient changes and the displacement of center of gravity of correspondence can be observed the slight change of pulse wave by the continuous detecting pulse wave curves, the variation of the above-mentioned characteristic index of dynamic tracking can be observed to the noinvasive real-time continuous stability, Changing Pattern, dynamic trend of pulse wave etc.

The present invention has generated brand-new characteristic point and quantizating index for the pulse wave signal of being gathered, and no matter how individual variation, kinestate, physiology and pathological condition change, these characteristic points and quantizating index all can not disappear, be fit to continue tracing observation, thereby efficiently solve this difficult problem of pulse wave continuous monitoring.Above-mentioned characteristic index provides effective technical means for life science, by a series of quantifications to the pulse wave feature, helps discriminate individuals difference more meticulously, in depth studies the life scientific phenomena.

It is wide that the present invention has suitable waveform, and feature is clear, be easy to observe and characteristics such as analysis, especially be fit in real time, dynamically, tracing observation pulse wave continuously.Can be used for the training examination and judging towards sports professional person and ordinary populace, move monitoring, physical stamina test etc.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 a is the pulse waveform figure with dicrotic wave;

Fig. 1 b is the pulse waveform figure of no dicrotic wave;

Fig. 2 is an area sketch map under the pulse wave curves;

Fig. 3 is the center of gravity sketch map of area under the pulse wave curves;

Fig. 4 is the area sketch map under the finger tip volumetric blood flow pulse wave curves;

Fig. 5 is integral body and the local area sketch map under the pulse wave curves;

Fig. 6 is the area barycentric coodinates sketch map under the pulse wave curves;

Fig. 7 is the area center of gravity relative coordinate sketch map under the pulse wave curves;

Fig. 8 a is a whole and local area barycentric coodinates sketch map under the pulse wave curves;

Fig. 8 b is a whole and local area center of gravity relative coordinate sketch map under the pulse wave curves;

Fig. 9 is the structural representation that adopts analytical method equipment of the present invention;

Figure 10 is the difference that all ages and classes section crowd adopts the analysis of area barycenter displacement analytic process to embody;

Figure 11 a, b are the continuous records that the characteristic index of exercise group is arranged;

Figure 11 c, d are the continuous records of the characteristic index of non-exercise group.

The specific embodiment

Further set forth the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Should be appreciated that these embodiment only are used to illustrate the present invention, and can not limit protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment 1

As shown in Figure 9, in this example, data acquisition module comprises finger-clipped photoelectric sensor, amplifier, wave filter and mould/number converter, the pulse wave signal that pick off is caught through signal amplification, filtering, change into digital signal and send the data analysis processing module to.This example is used the finger-clipped photoelectric sensor, it can be in human body finger tip noinvasive detection volume blood flow pulse wave and pulsation period, in view of the finger-clipped photoelectric sensor for the pressure pulse pick off, require not strict to the detection position, sensor probe is easy to location and convenient fixing, the adaptability of acquired signal, stability and repeatability are strong, can satisfy Static Detection and the dynamically requirement of continuous monitoring.

Data processing module is a high-performance processor, is sampled by processor and traces, and writes down corresponding finger tip volumetric blood flow pulse waveform figure.The oscillogram characteristic quantity that is obtained is changed into characteristic index, comprise area and area coefficient and when corresponding mutually with barycentric coodinates etc., also comprise by These parameters calculate and all characteristic indexs, generate a series of quantized and hearts, physiological parameter that blood vessel is relevant with the blood flow function.Testing result can be selected the storage playback, output to other computers, server or printer according to user's needs, can also be connected into central monitoring system network or remote medical service system when needing.

Embodiment 2 clinical practices

Following table shows each 30 example of crowd of four all ages and classes sections randomly drawing, gather the finger tip volumetric blood flow pulse wave signal under each individual rest state, adopt " area barycenter displacement analytic process " that the pulse wave characteristic index that is obtained is calculated and added up, the result is as follows:

Table 1 all ages and classes section crowd's pulse wave signal analysis

Table 1 and Figure 10 show that the finger tip volumetric blood flow pulse wave characteristic index that four groups of crowds of all ages and classes section are obtained presents variation clocklike along with the difference at age under rest state, wherein (X2-X)/(X-X1), (Y-Y2)/(Y1-Y), Cd/Cc the year age growth be the trend that rises gradually, X2-X1 then is subjected to the influence at age hardly.Can find clear regularity differentiation between the age groups by the series of features index.

Randomly drawing 18～26 age groups of adhering to sports for a long time and participating in sports hardly is divided into " motion is arranged " and " non-motion " and carries out step test in 3 minutes for two groups, before gathering each individual movement, the finger tip volumetric blood flow pulse wave signal that recovers in 1～5 minute behind the immediate postexercise, motion compares, and the results are shown in Table 2:

Pulse wave signal analysis before and after the motion of table 2 different crowd

Table 2 and Figure 11 a, b, c and d show the age 18～26 years old have sport people group and non-sport people each at the continuous detecting record that is carrying out same step test front and back.The finger tip volumetric blood flow pulse wave characteristic index that two groups of crowds are detected before and after motion is presented at and presents essentially identical variation tendency under the sports load effect, and Cd/Cc rises earlier and afterwards descends, and first decline of X2-X1 afterwards rises.But there is very evident difference in the quantized result to two groups of crowd's pulse wave features.

There is exercise group pulse wave characteristic index Cd/Cc ascensional range less relatively, and recovers very fast; The X2-X1 fall is less, and recovers also very fast, and two curves are at motion preceding two states that index crosses that occurred moving in back 5 minutes, and display pulse wave characteristic index has returned to the state before the motion.

It is big that non-exercise group pulse wave characteristic index Cd/Cc ascensional range is obviously wanted, and recover slower; The X2-X1 fall is relatively large, and recovers also slower, and two curves still maintained certain distance in back 5 minutes in motion, promptly is far from returning to the preceding state of motion.

Above-mentioned two groups of indexs are contrasted with separately synchronous changes in heart rate trendgram respectively, and wherein Cd/Cc is similar to traditional heart rate measurements tendency.But aspect the difference degree, obviously a series of pulse wave characteristic indexs that generated by " area barycenter displacement analytic process " will be come more obviously between reflecting two groups, and the quantity of information that these indexs and combination calculation result thereof are comprised is also especially abundant.

Above-mentioned data show, adopt this method can be with a series of integral body and the local characteristic quantification of pulse wave, and can further generate more pulse wave characteristic index by the combination calculation to these eigenvalues, are applied in the real-time continuous monitoring.As be applied in the stress of human body under the sports load and the dynamic changing process monitoring thereof, and therefrom find traditional detection method detect less than pulse wave change and difference.Can be used for the noinvasive fast detecting of hemodynamic state and the typing of different crowd; By the tendency of track record finger tip volumetric blood flow pulse wave characteristic index, the information such as beginning and ending time point, amplitude of variation and cycle of appearance differentiation, the hemodynamic situation of quantitative analysis human body, the relation of suitable energy of research body and motion risk.This method is simple to operate, easy to use, characteristics be particularly useful for moving monitoring, physical stamina test, training guidance and motion intervention etc. efficiently and effectively.

Claims (4)

1. the area barycenter displacement analytical method of a finger tip volumetric blood flow pulse wave, this method comprises the steps:

1) uses a data acquisition module, be used to gather pulse wave signal;

2) use a data analysis module, be used to handle the pulse wave signal that collects, the pulse waveform characteristic quantity is changed into characteristic index, described characteristic index comprises:

B) position of centre of gravity of area under the pulse wave curves comprises whole pulse wave-wave area of pictural surface center of gravity G coordinate (t _c, q _c) and relative coordinate (X, Y) and the ripple area of pictural surface center of gravity G1 coordinate (t of upstroke counterpart _Dc, q _Dc) and relative coordinate (X1, Y1) and the ripple area of pictural surface center of gravity G2 coordinate (t of decent counterpart _Cc, q _Cc) and relative coordinate (X2, Y2).

2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described characteristic index also comprises a kind of in the following index:

A) integral body under the pulse wave curves and local area and area coefficient thereof comprise whole pulse wave-wave area of pictural surface A ', the ripple area of pictural surface Ac ' of the ripple area of pictural surface Ad ' of upstroke counterpart and area coefficient Cd thereof and decent counterpart and area coefficient Cc thereof;

C) the pairing pulsation period T of pulse wave-wave figure, comprise the upstroke counterpart the time phase Td and decent counterpart time Tc mutually;

D) to a), b), c) described in index carry out the characteristic index that computing produces.

3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that wherein the characteristic index of the described computing generation of step d) comprises: Ad '/Ac ', Cd/Cc, Cc-Cd, Ad '/A ', Ac '/A ', X2-X1, Y1-Y2, X-X1, Y1-Y, X2-X, Y-Y2, (t _Cc-t _c)/(t _c-t _Dc), (q _c-q _Cc)/(q _Dc-q _c), (X2-X)/(X-X1), (Y-Y2)/(Y1-Y), X-Td/T, X2-Td/T, Td/T-X1, Td/Tc, (Tc-Td)/T.

4. as each described method of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that it also comprises characteristic index is carried out continuous monitoring.

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