CN101330210B - Device and method for formulating employing plan of power station - Google Patents

Abstract

The sum of the product of the occurrence probability of each power demand curve and the power generation cost of the demand curve is used as the objective function, and the start and stop variable of the thermal power generator as a variable of 0 and 1 is eased into a real number variable, and the supply and demand balance limit and the reserve capacity limit are added As well as the temporal continuity constraints of the start-stop plan, using the quadratic planning method, a power plant operation plan can be formulated. The power plant operation plan simultaneously formulates a start-stop plan and a load distribution plan that minimize the expected value of power generation costs. Therefore, considering the prediction error of power demand, and satisfying the operating restrictions of the system and generators, a method and device for optimal power plant supply and demand operation planning of thermal power plants and pumped water power plants can be provided.

Description

The formulating employing plan of power station devices and methods therefor

Technical field

The present invention relates on the basis of formulating the power house application plans such as heat power station, the power house of pumping up water, become the starting rest schedule of the heat power station of combinatorial problem by formulation, generate restrictive conditions such as satisfying the equilibrium of supply and demand, reserve capabillity, Fuel Consumption restriction, reservoir level restriction, trend restriction and make method and the device of cost of electricity-generating minimized power house application plan.

Background technology

In order to keep the fiduciary level of electric system, need to make electricity needs consistent with the supply capacity of generator, and formulate the starting rest schedule of the generator of having guaranteed reserve capabillity.But, owing to used the electricity needs of prediction at programming phase, so can follow predicated error.In order when keeping reliability, to carry out economic utilization, need to consider the starting rest schedule of formulating generator according to the mode that makes the cost of electricity-generating minimum of this predicated error.In power house application plan problem, the starting rest schedule of heat power station becomes combinatorial problem, and generator output becomes the non-linear projections problem.Like this, if when becoming non-linear MIXED INTEGER Plan Problem, consider constantly number of generator number of units and plan, then the scale of problem is very large, in fact is difficult to optimized problem so exist.Therefore, as JP 2004-274956 communique is put down in writing, formulate each the corresponding plan with various demand model schemes, the cost distribution of calculating each scheme.In addition, in JP 2005-12912 communique, the generator of same characteristic has been considered that the demand error determines operating number.

Patent documentation 1: JP 2004-274956 communique

Patent documentation 2: JP 2005-12912 communique

Because the starting rest schedule of heat power station is the combination optimization problem, therefore, for example whole number of combinations of stopping of 24 hours starting of 10 thermoelectric generators are 72 powers of 10.Even available 1 microsecond is estimated a plan, estimate that institute is planned also to need for 59 power years of 10, in fact can not check the planned solution of asking for the best.Therefore, in fact also can not when formulating the starting rest schedule of this heat power station, determine heat power station, the best generator output of the power house of pumping up water.Therefore, the starting rest schedule problem of thermoelectric generator relaxed from combinatorial problem be the problem of real variable, utilize quadratic programming method, the linear plan law to find the solution, thus, can avoid the problem of associativity growth.Like this, be the real number problem by relaxing, can consider simultaneously to limit with fuel consumption, the Linear Limit such as direction of energy restriction or reservoir level restriction and optimum solution is asked in the restriction that shows., also can produce following problem: the starting that thermoelectric generator occurs stops the situation that not determine state (for example, 0.3) that variable can't be defined as starting (1) or stop (0).Therefore, can come modified objective function, restrictive condition by the value or generator output more large more easily starting, the more little mode that more easily stops that stop variable midway according to the starting that obtains of calculating in convergence repeatedly, thereby the value that starting stops variable being defined as starting or stopping.And then because employed electricity needs has been used predicted value, therefore there is error in the demand with reality.This error can infer demand forecast result in the past and how many errors distributions are the demand actual achievement differ.Owing to must produce this demand error, therefore needing this error of consideration to formulate the application plan of power house.By being formulated as the problem for a plurality of demands, and utilize quadratic programming method or the linear plan law, can when the starting of determining heat power station stop the value of variable, determine output to thermoelectric generator and the generator that pumps up water.

In JP 2004-274956 communique, owing to having formulated plan by each demand, therefore obtained the average unit cost for average demand.But if consider the demand forecast error, then in the situation that the large cost of electricity-generating of demand is also high, the expectation value of cost of electricity-generating can be partial to a side larger than average cost of electricity-generating, does not therefore have suitable evaluation requirements predicated error to make a plan.In addition, in JP 2005-12912 communique with the generator of same characteristic as object, but owing to for example importing the generator of characteristic according to basic firepower, medium firepower, the different mode of peak value firepower, so that the characteristic of the thermoelectric generator that uses in electric system can be suitably corresponding with demand shift, therefore carry out in the method for number of units control cost of electricity-generating being minimized at the generator to same characteristic.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is directed to above-mentioned situation and propose, its purpose is, a kind of utilization restriction, the characteristic of generator, fuel consumption restriction, Pumped Storage Reservoir restriction of not only having considered generator is provided, and considered the electric power demand forecasting error, can make formulating employing plan of power station method and the device of generating cost minimization.

According to principal character of the present invention, input is based on many demand curves of predicated error, the starting of thermoelectric generator is stopped variable being relaxed and is real variable, thereby with the load distribution Plan Problem of a starting rest schedule problem and each demand as the real variable problem, use quadratic programming method or the linear plan law, and consider fuel consumption restriction, Pumped Storage Reservoir water level limitation etc., according to formulating employing plan of power station method and the device of the best, can formulate starting rest schedule and the load distribution plan of cost of electricity-generating minimum.

According to the present invention, even produce the electricity needs error, also can consider the utilization restriction of fuel consumption restriction, Pumped Storage Reservoir water level limitation and generator etc., formulation can reduce starting rest schedule and the load distribution plan of generating expense.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the processing flow chart of formulating employing plan of power station;

Fig. 2 is the whole pie graph of formulating employing plan of power station device;

Fig. 3 is the detailed pie graph of formulating employing plan of power station device;

Fig. 4 is the instance graph of the setting picture of power demand curve etc.;

Fig. 5 is the instance graph of picture that objective function, restrictive condition are revised;

Fig. 5-the 1st, starting stops the instance graph of the icon that time of variable changes;

Fig. 6 shows that starting stops the instance graph of the picture of variable;

Fig. 7 is the instance graph that shows the picture of generator output;

Fig. 8 shows that starting stops the instance graph of the picture of variable;

Fig. 9 is the instance graph that shows the picture of generator output;

Figure 10 is the instance graph that shows the picture that starts the passing that stops variable;

Figure 11 is the instance graph of picture of passing that shows the cost of electricity-generating of each demand curve;

Figure 12 is the instance graph that shows the picture of the passing of starting the definite rate that stops variable;

Figure 13 shows that the plan formulate is by the instance graph of the picture of the cost of electricity-generating of time;

Figure 14 is the instance graph of picture that shows the whole time cost of electricity-generating of the plan formulate.

Among the figure: 1-power house supply and demand application plan making device; 2-central operation treating apparatus CPU; 3-main storage means; 4-input-output unit; 5-external memory; 6-input media; 7-display device; 8-printing equipment; 9-database; 10-reading device; 11-electric power system; 12-electric system; Handling part is formulated in 20-application plan; 21-control part; 22-plan condition configuration part; 23-data are read in section; 24-formulistic section; 25-plan calculating part; 26-starting stops variable bound correction portion; 27-Minimum square error section; 28-result of calculation handling part.

Embodiment

Below, with reference to accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are elaborated.

(embodiment 1)

Fig. 1 is the application of first embodiment of the invention, i.e. the computing process flow diagram of power house application plan method, Fig. 2 are the whole pie graphs of the summary of power house supply and demand application plan making device 1, and Fig. 3 is the detailed pie graph of application plan device.

Power house supply and demand application plan making device 1 is made of central operation treating apparatus (CPU) 2, main storage means 3, input-output unit 4 and external memory 5.

Fig. 3 is the detailed functions pie graph of supply and demand application plan making device in power house of the present invention.Power house supply and demand application plan making device 1 comprises: handling part 20 is formulated in above-mentioned input media 6, display device 7, database 9, reading device 10 and application plan.Wherein, the storage medium that handling part 20 is remained in external memory 5 is in advance formulated in application plan, be read into program in the main storage means 3 by being carried out by CPU2 to realize via reading device 10, but the present invention is not limited to be realized by this general processor that is programmed.For example, can formulate handling part 20 by consisting of application plan with the combination that comprises the particular hardware device of carrying out each hard wired logic of processing of the present invention.

Input-output unit 4 has: the input media that possesses keyboard or mouse 6 shown in Figure 3, as the display device 7 of output unit.In addition, as input-output unit 4, also can replace these devices or the output units such as the input media such as indicating equipment (pointing device), touch sensor or liquid crystal indicator, printer, loudspeaker are set with these devices and land used.As external memory 5, can use hard disk unit, FD device, CD-ROM (compact disc-read only memory) device, DAT (digital videotape) device, RAM (random access memory) device, DVD (digital video disc) device, nonvolatile memory etc.External memory 5 utilized the database 9 that is used for keeping shown in Figure 3 mass storage device, keep the storage medium of handling procedure etc. and be used for reading the reading device 10 of the information that this storage medium keeps, but also can in an external memory, keep database and handling procedure both sides.And, as storage medium, can use FD, CD-ROM, tape, CD, magneto-optic disk, DAT, RAM, DVD, nonvolatile memory etc.

Input media 6 receives the selection of the options that is shown in display device 7, the input of data etc., and is transferred to application plan formulation handling part 20.Display device 7 shows the data of sending here from input media 6.Data that handling part 20 reads in according to the data of coming from input media 6 transmission, from database 9 are formulated in application plan, the handling procedure that is read in by reading device 10 and the data of coming from 11 transmission of electric power system, formulate power house supply and demand operating plan.Electric power system 11 possesses not shown database.Electric power system 11 is for the monitoring and controlling that carries out electric system 12.

The result that handling part 20 is formulated in application plan is sent to display device 7 and shows and be stored in the database 9.And when formulating application plan under requiring the utilization/system of planning in electric power system 11, condition that the hierarchy of control sets, application plan is formulated plan and the evaluation result that handling part 20 formulates and also is notified to electric power system 11.The electric power system 11 of receiving this notice based on notified plan to the output control signal of electric system 12 outputs as the generator of one of supply power, generator is controlled, and be taken into generator output data from electric system, store these data that are taken into and the data in the not shown system of planning, formulated into internal database (not shown).

Application plan is formulated handling part 20 and comprised: control part 21, plan condition configuration part 22, data are read in section 23, formulistic section 24, plan calculating part 25, starting and are stopped variable bound correction portion 26, Minimum square error section 27 and result of calculation handling part 28.And application plan is formulated handling part 20 and is connected with outside electric power system 11 via order wire 31, and electric power system 11 is connected with the electric system 12 of sending a converting equipment as reality.Electric power system 11 comprises: the system of the plan of electric system 12, utilization and control usefulness, and the not shown database that be used for to keep information that the state of electric system 12 and electric system 12 etc. is shown.Detected the state of electric system 12 by relay or sensor, notify to electric power system 11 via order wire 32, and store the database (not shown) of electric power system 11 into.

Control part 21 carries out the processing of the data of carrying out smoothly be used to the exchange that makes data between electric power system 11 and each handling part 22～28 or handling procedure etc./processing, and controls this exchange and make whole processing regular event.

Plan condition configuration part 22 is maintained in the storage medium of database 9 and/or reading device 10 via control part 21.Read in and show for the implied terms of formulating application plan etc., and show in display device 7 and condition to be changed these conditions.And, this New Terms is after changing stored in the database 9 via control part 21.

Data are read in section 23 via the data that control part 21 reading data storehouses 9 keep, and these data are transferred to each handling part 24～28 via control part 21.In addition, in the present embodiment, as long as specify, then all read in section 23 by data from reading in of the data of database 9 and carry out.

Formulism section 24 based on via control part 21 by plan condition configuration part 22 condition of formulating and the data of reading in section 23 from data, implement to be calculated by plan calculating part 25 pre-treatment and the formulism of usefulness.

Plan calculating part 25 by the condition formulated by plan condition configuration part 22 through control part 21 or by starting stop restrictive condition that variable bound correction portion 26, Minimum square error section 27 revise, objective function, with the data of reading in section 23 from data or pre-treatment and the formulism formulated by formulistic section 24, implement the computing of power house application plan.

Starting stops variable bound correction portion 26 calculates repeatedly based on the application plan of being formulated by plan calculating part 25 through control part 21, and the starting when formulating new plan stops the bound limits value of variable and revises.

Minimum square error section 27 is calculated repeatedly based on the application plan of being formulated by plan calculating part 25 through control part 21, and the objective function when formulating new plan is revised and set.

Result of calculation handling part 28 shows plan condition, data, the application plan of formulation and the passing of objective function etc. of being set, being calculated by each handling part 22～27 or the information used from the data input support of input media 6 etc. in display device 7.

Below, the processing flow chart with reference to shown in Figure 1 describes action.

In the setting of the plan condition for the treatment of S 101, read in the plan regeneration condition of acquiescence from database 9 by plan condition configuration part 22, be shown on the display device 7, and via input media 6 change conditions.Here comprise in the condition that sets: the weighting coefficient of a plurality of electric power demand forecasting curves and this curve, increase in demand period, demand reduce the period, calculation times repeatedly.In Fig. 4, represented to set the example of the picture of these values.And, shown the value of setting with chart.Condition as other settings comprises: water level limitation, the system of the consumption such as reserve capabillity, LNG restriction, Pumped Storage Reservoir consist of, send the trend limits value of electric wire etc.At this, the data of 24 hours electricity needs expectation have been set during the plan by each hour.In the demand forecast data, the data that will estimate with usual way are as curve 0, come setting curve 1～4 based on the distribution of the predicated error in past, and its probability is set as weighting coefficient.Need-based curve 0 is set reserve capabillity.For fuel consumption restriction, according to the amount that to the final moment of planning period till, consumes or set as required the bound of the Fuel Consumption in each moment.To the Pumped Storage Reservoir water level settings initial water level, final water level and each water level bound constantly constantly.To system consist of also set each constantly send the connection status of electric wire with generating set, load, that sets each moment send electric wire, reserve capabillity.

In treatment S 102, read in from database 9 generator etc. supply capacity characteristic with use restriction.In supply capacity, there is the combination of upper lower limit value, fuel cost characteristic (for quadratic function, the linear function of output), the starting expense of exporting or the generator that can not start simultaneously as the characteristic of thermoelectric generator.The employed fuel classification of each generator is also read from database.Wherein, fuel cost function F (Pit) is for example represented by following formula: F (Pit)=ai * Pit * pit+bi * Pit+ci, Pit represent the constantly generator output of the unit i of t, and ai, bi, ci represent the coefficient of the fuel cost function of unit i; And, the starting expense refers to: improve successively generator output after generator is to fuel ignition, but be not connected with electric system at first, electricity does not flow into electric system, after the output that is increased to a certain degree generator (5%～10%), so owing to before meeting consume fuel of temperature rising is arrived in the boiler cooling, like this, the expense of employed fuel becomes the starting expense before electricity sends to system.In addition, about the power house of pumping up water, when having generating and upper lower limit value and the efficient of drawing water during pump work.Wherein, refer to pump up water the function of power house during generating at little (because the efficient high generator operation only of electricity needs, so the generating unit price is low) time, water is drawn into upper storage reservoir on the mountain, in the time of large (the generating unit price is high) of electricity needs, discharges water from upper storage reservoir to lower storage reservoir and when generating electricity.When referring to draw above-mentioned water during pump work.

In treatment S 103, utilize objective function, restrictive condition to carry out formulism.At this, according at first be general formulae, then be when having considered multiple demand formulism, be that the order of the formulism that uses among the present invention describes at last.

Objective function TC in the general formulae is suc as formula shown in (1).This formula is the formula of demand curve when being 1.It is u that starting stops variable _It, expression generator i is at the state of moment t, and this variable is to represent to stop in 0 o'clock, is to represent running at 1 o'clock.And, the fuel cost function F _i(P _It) be that generator is exported P _ItQuadratic function.Starting takes SUC _iWhen minimum essential requirement constantly n stop, producing during in constantly p running of greatest requirements.Therefore, used minimum essential requirement moment n and the constantly starting of p of greatest requirements to stop the u of variable _InAnd u _IpIn the fuel cost function with the function except constant term as f _i(P _It).

[formula 1]

Objective function cost of electricity-generating: formula 1

$\mathrm{TC}=\underset{t}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{u}_{\mathrm{it}}\×F_i\left(P_{\mathrm{it}}\right)+\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}(u_{\mathrm{ip}}-u_{\mathrm{in}})\×{\mathrm{SUC}}_i$

$=\underset{t}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}(a_i\×{P_{\mathrm{it}}}^2+b_i\×P_{\mathrm{it}}+c_i\×u_{\mathrm{it}})+\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}(u_{\mathrm{ip}}-u_{\mathrm{in}})\×{\mathrm{SUC}}_i$

$=\underset{t}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}(f_i\left(P_{\mathrm{it}}\right)+c_i\×u_{\mathrm{it}})+\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}(u_{\mathrm{ip}}-u_{\mathrm{in}})\×{\mathrm{SUC}}_i$

Formula (2) has represented the pumping water to generate electricity of the output bound of thermoelectric generator, the power house of pumping up water, the output bound of suction pump.The starting of thermoelectric generator stops variable u _ItTherefore be 0 or 1, the output bound of thermoelectric generator is 0 when this variable is 0, be 1 o'clock from P _{I, min}Become P _{I, max}

[formula 2]

Output bound: formula 2

u _it×P _i，min≦P _it≦u _it×P _i，max

PG _j，min≦PG _jt≦PG _j，max

PH _j，min≦PH _jt≦PH _j，max

Formula (3) is the formula of the equilibrium of supply and demand.The demand of t is D constantly _t

[formula 3]

The equilibrium of supply and demand: formula 3

$\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P}_{\mathrm{it}}+{\mathrm{PG}}_t-P{H}_t=D_t$

Formula (4) is the reserve capabillity restriction.Be R at the needed reserve capabillity of moment t _tHere, consider the reserve capabillity of power house that pumps up water, but sometimes also only considered the situation of heat power station.

[formula 4]

Reserve capabillity: formula 4

$\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}(u_{\mathrm{it}}\×P_{i,\max }-P_{\mathrm{it}})+(P{G}_{j,\max }-P{G}_{\mathrm{jt}})+P{H}_{\mathrm{jt}}\≥D_t+R_t$

Restriction is forbidden in starting in the time of the same central authorities of formula (5) expression.Considered when 2 generators of old-fashioned control device starting, only to start in 1 day 1 situation.Namely, general by two generators of a control device control in the past, therefore, when making a generator starting, another engine can't start, and usually from sending after the starting order before the actual power, needs more than several hours, therefore, be which side restriction that can start among the expression one day.In formula (5), the example when having represented to exist thermoelectric generator i and thermoelectric generator (i+1) for the restriction of same central authorities.

[formula 5]

Same central authorities start simultaneously forbid the restriction: formula 5

(u _Ip-u _In)+(u _{I+1, p}-u _{I+1, n})＜=1: when generator i and generator (i+1) are the restriction of same central authorities

Formula (6) is to be the restriction that the generated energy of the generator of LNG adds up to the mode of LNG in the bound scope to carry out according to fuel in thermoelectric generator.

[formula 6]

LNG Fuel Consumption restriction: formula 6

LNG _min≦LNG≦LNG _max

Namely, pass through storage tank (tank) from overseas conveying at Japanese LNG fuel, usually formulate the oil tank movement plan during a year, transport according to this plan LNG, LNG can install to the storage tank of seashore, but because capacity is preferential, so, if before entering into storage tank, do not use to a certain degree, then can't make LNG enter into storage tank.On the contrary, if enter excessive use LNG before the storage tank, then can't generate electricity in the fuel-burning power plant of LNG fuel, may produce the deficiency of electric power, therefore, need to consider during LNG is during certain that how the restriction condition of usefulness is used.

The water level limitation of formula (7) expression Pumped Storage Reservoir.η represents the efficient of drawing water.According to the reservoir level WL that is converted into behind the generated energy _tThe restriction that mode in the bound scope of reservoir level is carried out.

[formula 7]

Pumped Storage Reservoir water level limitation: formula 7

WL _t＝WL _t-1—PG _t+η×PH _t

WL _t，min≦WL _t≦WL _t，max

Generally formulate the starting rest schedule of power house based on above-mentioned objective function and restrictive condition, then formulate the load distribution plan based on this starting rest schedule.

Then, to existing a plurality of demands to estimate curve D _t ^kThe time situation describe.Formula (8) is objective function.It is the formula with the cost of electricity-generating expectation value addition in each demand curve.Formula (1) multiply by the weighting coefficient α that is equivalent to its demand probability of happening ^kAt this moment, weighting coefficient α ^kTotal be depicted as 1 suc as formula (9).The generator of firepower is output as P in formula (8) _It ^kEven if same generator is also pressed demand curve k and difference in its output of synchronization as can be known.On the other hand, starting stops variable and does not rely on u as can be known _ItWith demand curve k.That is, for a starting rest schedule, if use the curve of having considered the demand forecast error, then the output of generator is different in each demand curve, so that cost of electricity-generating can change.Therefore, as weighting coefficient, the calculation expectation value has been formulated the plan that makes this expectation value minimum with the probability of happening of demand curve.

[formula 8]

Risk cost of electricity-generating: formula 8

$\mathrm{RTC}=\underset{k}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{\mathrm{\α}}^k\mathrm{TC}\left(k\right)$

$=\underset{k}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{\mathrm{\α}}^k(\underset{t}{\mathrm{\Σ}}\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}(f_i\left({P_{\mathrm{it}}}^k\right)+c_i\×u_{\mathrm{it}})+\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}(u_{\mathrm{ip}}-u_{\mathrm{in}}){\mathrm{SUC}}_i)$

[formula 9]

Risk cost of electricity-generating: formula 9

$\underset{k}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{\mathrm{\α}}^k=1$

Shown in (10), need by each demand curve D _t ^kEquilibrium of supply and demand restriction is set up.

[formula 10]

The equilibrium of supply and demand: formula 10

$\underset{i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}{P_{\mathrm{it}}}^k+P{G_t}^k-P{H_t}^k={D_t}^k$

The restriction of formula (11) expression reserve capabillity.Considered D at this ⁰ _tReserve capabillity when only being the benchmark demand curve.Here with demand curve 0 as the benchmark demand curve.

[formula 11]

Reserve capabillity: formula 11

$\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}(u_{\mathrm{it}}\&times;P_{i,\max }-{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="P"\; filenames="S071B2060220070705E000051.png,S071B2060220070705E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}}^0}_{\mathrm{it}})+(P{G^0}_{j,\max }-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="P\; G"\; filenames="S071B2060220070705E000051.png,S071B2060220070705E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">P</figure-callout>}{G^{}}_{}{{}^0}_{\mathrm{jt}})+P{H}_{\mathrm{it}}\&GreaterEqual;{D^0}_t+{R^0}_t$

The output of the generator when if datum curve has been adopted in the restriction of formula (5), formula (6) and formula (7).

At last, formulism of the present invention is described.In the present invention, adopted the objective function of formula (12).In order to make starting stop the variable convergence with respect to original formula (8), β and q, r have been imported as an example.In order to make starting stop variable convergence, as long as stop that variable made it near 0 near 0 o'clock and near the mode that made it near 1 at 1 o'clock, modified objective function or restrictive condition get final product according to starting.Here, in the fuel cost function, the reason of only constant term partly being revised is, to starting stop that variable is directly exerted one's influence, the linearity of generator output and quadratic term keep the condition that λ distributes such as become in order to keep optimum load to distribute.And the latter's q, r also are respectively applied to make starting to stop variable near 1 or near 0.Here, employed constant is set in the picture of Fig. 5.The project of sheet form is directly set numerical value.In addition, the either party in the selection " the coefficient correction of objective function " or " correction of restrictive condition ".When being chosen in treatment S 101, this is implemented.If select the former " the coefficient correction of objective function ", then according to stopping variable u in the starting that obtains of repeatedly calculating midway _ItValue, the coefficient of the objective function of formula (12) is revised.In addition, if select the latter " correction of restrictive condition ", then the restrictive condition of the formula (14) that occurs is later revised, and the coefficient of the objective function of formula (12) is revised.

[formula 12]

Cost of electricity-generating: formula 12

$\mathrm{RTC}\left(m\right)=\underset{k}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}(\underset{t}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}({\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^k{f}_i\left({{P^m}_{\mathrm{it}}}^k\right)+{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^k{{\mathrm{\&beta;}}^m}_{\mathrm{it}}{c}_i\&times;{u^m}_{\mathrm{it}})+\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^k({u^m}_{\mathrm{ip}}-{u^m}_{\mathrm{in}})\&times;{\mathrm{SUC}}_i)$

$+\underset{t}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}{q}_{\mathrm{it}}\&times;{(1-{u^m}_{\mathrm{it}})}^2+\underset{t}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}{r}_{\mathrm{it}}\&times;{\left({u^m}_{\mathrm{it}}\right)}^2$

In formula (13), use the factor beta that occurs among Fig. 5.The value of a of Fig. 5, b, c, d, e, f is set for be used to making starting stop variable convergence, its mode of close 1 is set according to stop variable making it near 0 near 0 the time when starting near 1 the time.

[formula 13]

Amendment type: formula 13

${\mathrm{\&beta;}}_{\mathrm{mit}}=\frac{d+e\&times;{\mathrm{\&beta;}}_{m-1,\mathrm{it}}}{a+b\&times;u_{m-1,\mathrm{it}}+c\&times;(u_{m-1,\mathrm{it}}-u_{m-2,\mathrm{it}})}$

Wherein, β ⁰ _It=β ¹ _It=1

When c=0, number of occurrence m 2 when following

In formula (14), it is 0 or 1 that starting stops variable, but in order to adopt the formulism of being found the solution by the quadratic programming method, mitigation is 0 to 1 real variable.

[formula 14]

Starting stops the mitigation of variable: formula 14

0≦u _it≦1

At last, formula (15) is configured to relax for increase in demand period of utilizing Fig. 4, demand are reduced the period u for real variable _ItTemporal continuity keep.That is, for so that can not stop with regard to re-lighting every 1 hour.For example, if set like that by Fig. 4, then start in one day, stop to be at most respectively 1 time, can be identical with the utilization of reality., in small-scale gas turbine (gas turbine) etc., can start, stop 2 times in 1 day in the few situation.

[formula 15]

Starting stops to change restriction: formula 15

u _It＜=u _It+1: when moment t is that increase in demand is during the period

u _It＞=u _It+1: when moment t is that the demand minimizing is during the period

u _It=u _It+1: when moment t is that minimum is when stopping the period continuously

u _It=u _It+1: when moment t is that minimum continuous operation is during the period

For example, if to the restrictive condition of the demand curve 0 setting formula (15) of Fig. 4, then stop variable in the starting of increase in demand period and do not reduce, reduce the period starting in demand and stop variable and do not increase.And, if in a single day generator is stopped, then needing to stop continuously minimum continuously stand-by time.Equally, in case starting then needs the minimum continuous operation time of continuous operation.Usually, centered by the moment of greatest requirements, what make in beginning during minimum continuous operation time from the large moment of demand that starting stops variable is changed to zero, centered by the moment of minimum essential requirement, what make that starting stops variable in beginning during the continuous stand-by time of minimum from the little moment of demand is changed to zero.As a result, it is 0 or 1 that final starting stops variable, but is real variable because this starting is stopped the variable mitigation, and therefore for generator, starting stops variable shown in Fig. 5-1.

The setting of these Fig. 4, Fig. 5 can be set respectively by input media 6 by fortune user etc.

Append above-mentioned restrictive condition and carry out formulism.If the primary treatment S 103 that repeatedly is calculated as.

In treatment S 104, utilize quadratic programming method, the linear plan law by plan calculating part 25, under the objective function of in treatment S 103 or treatment S 107, treatment S 108, setting, the restrictive condition, the optimum solution that the starting of finding the solution simultaneously thermoelectric generator stops variable and firepower, the generator that pumps up water is exported.Wherein, the starting of thermoelectric generator stops variable and is not defined as and converges on 0 or 1.Therefore, by repeatedly carrying out treatment S 107, locate S108, all startings can be stopped variable and be defined as stopping 0 or turn round 1.And, in the time can't formulating the plan of satisfying restrictive condition, show error messages.

In treatment S 105, by result of calculation handling part 28 result of calculation among the Graphics Processing S104 on display device 7.And, result of calculation is stored in the database 9.Comprise in the result of calculation of storage that the starting of thermoelectric generator stops the output of variable, firepower and the generator that pumps up water, cost of electricity-generating, fuel cost, starting expense and the restrictive condition that uses, objective function etc.In Fig. 6, Fig. 7, represented the picture disply example.Fig. 6 represents to start the value that stops variable.X direction is time shaft.Y direction is the element number of thermoelectric generator.The starting of the thermoelectric generator constantly of the numeric representation object in the table stops variable.Except stopping 0 or turn round 1, also exist 0.6 grade to determine the value that starting stops.And, same unit has been shown definite rate that definite starting stops.For example, definite rate of 1 o'clock is 80%, and it is 0 or 1 that 8 starting in 10 of the unit of expression stops variable.Equally also represented definite rate that the starting of each time stops.Top at table has represented that definite rate that whole starting stops is 78.4%.Stop if determining starting, determine that then rate is near 100%.Usually, can't determine that at one time the situation that the starting of a unit stops is a lot.In addition, Fig. 7 represents to start the output of the thermoelectric generator when stopping variable and being Fig. 6.Same with Fig. 6, transverse axis is the time, and the longitudinal axis is the numbering of Fire Unit.This output also becomes the little value of bottoming restriction than original Fire Unit sometimes.

In treatment S 106, check that by plan calculating part 25 the whether starting of all thermoelectric generators stops variable and all converges to and stop 0 or start 1.All converge on 0 or 1 if all startings stop variable, then can formulate the starting rest schedule that satisfies all restrictive conditions, advance to treatment S 109.Otherwise advance to treatment S 113.At first, the situation when advancing to treatment S 113 describes.

In locating S113, the repeatedly calculating in the mathematics plan law is counted.When the number of occurrence has surpassed the number of times of setting among Fig. 4, in treatment S 107, treatment S 108, utilize the condition of setting among Fig. 5, force to determine that starting stops.That is, make the u of the condition of (4) of satisfying Fig. 5 _ItAll stop (0), make u in addition _ItRunning (1).Thus, when next carrying out determination processing S106, the S109 that locates that finishes direction will be advanced to.When not reaching the number of occurrence, utilize the restrictive condition of objective function, formula (14), formula (15) and the formula (2) of the condition set among Fig. 5 and formula (12)～formula (7), restrictive condition, objective function are revised.That is, in locating S107, stop variable bound correction portion 26 by starting and according to the setting of Fig. 5 the bound restriction that starting stops variable being revised.Then, in treatment S 108, objective function is revised according to the setting of Fig. 5 by Minimum square error section 27.

Revise based on above-mentioned treatment S 107, treatment S 108 pairs of restrictive conditions, objective functions.Based on this revised result, again make a plan by treatment S 104.By repeatedly making a plan according to this circulation, make starting stop variable and converge to and stop 0 or start 1.

Repeatedly calculate by above-mentioned, when startings all in treatment S 106 stops variable and is defined as 0 or 1, advance to treatment S 109.

Thus, starting can be stopped variable and be defined as 0 or 1.Therefore, converge to 0 or 1 in order to make starting stop variable, in the formula (12) of objective function, β, q, r have been imported, but owing to can realize original purpose, therefore in order to adopt original objective function, in target function type (12), be set as β=1, q=0, r=0 in the treatment S 109.And in the formula (14) of restrictive condition, bound changes to 0 or 1.Perhaps, can stop the processing as variable, and process as constant.

Based on objective function, the restrictive condition set in the treatment S 109, utilize plan calculating part 25 and by treatment S 110, based on mathematics plan laws such as quadratic programming methods, determine to satisfy the output of restrictive condition and optimized generator.

At last, utilize result of calculation handling part 28 to be shown to the result of calculation for the treatment of S 111 on the display device 7 or output in the electric power system 11.Fig. 8～Figure 14 represents the example of the picture disply of result of calculation.Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Fig. 6, Fig. 7 form are identical, have shown the value when starting stops the variable convergence.In Fig. 8,0,1 determines that rate is 100%, can confirm that the starting of all thermoelectric generators stops all to be defined as 0 or 1.In Fig. 9, when operated generator, be in the minimum scope that outputs to maximum output.Figure 10 is the picture for the process of confirming repeatedly to calculate.Click button constantly, in the moment that input increases or reduces or wants directly to observe, if click " demonstration ", then show that with histogram the starting of whole Fire Units in the selected moment stops variable and will how to change by repeatedly calculating.The unit of blackening finally becomes running (1), and the height of histogram has represented that starting stops the value of variable.Exist white column denotation of graph to become the most at last and stop (0).The passing of the cost of electricity-generating of each demand curve during Figure 11 represents respectively repeatedly to calculate.Cost of electricity-generating when thick line represents the benchmark demand curve.Whole Fire Units during Figure 12 represents repeatedly to calculate take each, the starting during all constantly as object stop the passing that variable is defined as definite rate of 0 or 1.In this example, be defined as 0,1 at the 5th time as can be known.Figure 13 represents the cost of electricity-generating by the time of net result.Same with Figure 10, by setting constantly, click " demonstration ", can show the cost of electricity-generating in the moment that sets.Cost of electricity-generating has represented histogram and the table of the cost of electricity-generating of each demand curve.And, the histogram that the weighted cost the when probability of demand curve has been considered in expression distributes.The weighting cost of electricity-generating that has represented each demand curve in the table, its total become the cost expectation value in this moment.Figure 14 is the figure that the cost of electricity-generating of each time in the whole moment during the plan object of Figure 13 is carried out addition.The cost of electricity-generating of bottom-right table is whole cost expectation value, and its detailed content represents fuel cost and starting expense.

At last, in treatment S 110, these result of calculations are stored in the database 9.Have starting in the storage and stop variable, generator output, cost of electricity-generating, fuel cost, starting expense etc.

Embodiment according to the invention described above, even in the situation that have the demand forecast error, also can be to the cost of electricity-generating of each demand with the probability of happening of this demand as weighting coefficient, be set as the long-pending minimized objective function of summation that makes both, and, can be with as 0, the starting of the thermoelectric generator of 1 variable stops the variable mitigation and is real variable, and the time that the starting that imports the changes in demand of the electric power demand forecasting considered to become benchmark stops variable changing restriction, considered that the power house of whole moment that LNG consumes the generating expense minimum of restriction and Pumped Storage Reservoir water level limitation plans thereby formulate to make.

The second embodiment is according to temperature etc. and the method for efficiency change for the fuel cost function of considering generator.For example, when thermoelectric generator is gas turbine, increase the then characteristic of the low then efficient raising of decrease in efficiency temperature if having temperature.And, if summer temperature raise, then because of the increase of air-cooling system demand so that electricity needs increase, if on the contrary in the winter time temperature raise, then the heater unit demand reduce and so that electricity needs reduce.Like this, according to temperature and fuel consumption characteristic and the electricity needs of thermoelectric generator change.Therefore, need to be based on the probability distribution of estimating temperature, and consider can change for each fuel consumption characteristic and demand-expected of estimating the thermoelectric generator of temperature, make the generating cost minimization.Multiple demand is arranged in the first embodiment but generator property is fixed, the second embodiment is the example that demand and generator property all change according to temperature and at probability.Also adopt in this situation with the same method of the first embodiment and process, thereby can formulate best starting rest schedule and load distribution plan.As long as objective function, restrictive condition are set.Wherein, the coefficient of the fuel cost function of objective function is different and each fuel cost function set weighting coefficient, can formulate best starting rest schedule and load distribution plan with same processing.Below, the difference with the first embodiment is described.In treatment S 101, newly append the setting of following plan condition.Append and input the probability distribution information of estimating temperature.Then in treatment S 102, read in the relation of the fuel cost characteristic of temperature and generator.And then, determine with respect to the fuel cost characteristic of estimating temperature.Owing to fuel cost characteristic temperature changes, so, set the purpose function that has used the fuel cost characteristic, this fuel cost characteristic has adopted the probability distribution of estimating temperature.The objective function of the first embodiment is suc as formula shown in (8), and with respect to this, the objective function among the second embodiment is suc as formula shown in (16).Difference with the first embodiment in the objective function of the second embodiment is, represents to estimate the difference of temperature with the subscript k of variable, function, in the fuel cost function f _i ^k(P) comprise this subscript k in.

[formula 16]

Risk cost of electricity-generating: formula 16

$\mathrm{RTC}=\underset{k}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^k\mathrm{TC}\left(k\right)$

$=\underset{k}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^k(\underset{t}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}({a_i}^k\&times;{P_{\mathrm{it}}}^2+{b_i}^k\&times;P_{\mathrm{it}}+{c_i}^k\&times;u_{\mathrm{it}})+\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}(u_{\mathrm{ip}}-u_{\mathrm{in}})\&times;{\mathrm{SUC}}_i)$

$=\underset{k}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^k(\underset{t}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}({f_i}^k\left({P_{\mathrm{it}}}^k\right)+{c_i}^k\&times;u_{\mathrm{it}})+\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}(u_{\mathrm{ip}}-u_{\mathrm{in}})\&times;{\mathrm{SUC}}_i)$

Therefore, be the numerical expression that does not comprise the fuel cost function.Formula (9), formula (10), formula (11), formula (13), formula (14) and formula (15) in a second embodiment also can be identical with the first embodiment.And, owing to comprising the fuel cost function in order to restrain the target function type (12) that uses, therefore in a second embodiment suc as formula shown in (17).

[formula 17]

Cost of electricity-generating: formula 17

$\mathrm{RTC}\left(m\right)=\underset{k}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}{\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^k(\underset{t}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}({f_i}^k\left({{P^m}_{\mathrm{it}}}^k\right)+{{\mathrm{\&beta;}}^m}_{\mathrm{it}}{c_i}^k\&times;{u^m}_{\mathrm{it}})+\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}({u^m}_{\mathrm{ip}}-{u^m}_{\mathrm{in}})\&times;{\mathrm{SUC}}_i)$

$+\underset{t}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}{q}_{\mathrm{it}}\&times;{(1-{u^m}_{\mathrm{it}})}^2+\underset{t}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}\underset{i}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}{r}_{\mathrm{it}}\&times;{\left({u^m}_{\mathrm{it}}\right)}^2$

As described above objective function is revised, and similarly repeatedly calculated with the first embodiment, thereby can satisfy the restrictive condition of setting, make the starting of each generator stop variable u _ItConverge to 0 or 1.

According to said method, consider the probability distribution of expectation temperature etc., and consider the variation probability of the fuel cost function of generator, can formulate the power house application plan that can make the generating cost minimization.

Claims (8)

1. the making device of a power house application plan comprises: input media, and it receives the demand forecast of two above synchronizations and is equivalent to the weighting coefficient of described demand forecast probability of happening and stores in the memory storage; And the device that comes the target setting function according to the demand forecast of described two above synchronizations of storing in the described memory storage and the weighting coefficient that is equivalent to described demand forecast probability of happening;

The making device of this power house application plan also comprises:

For each demand, the weighting coefficient of the cost of electricity-generating when receiving starting rest schedule and load distribution also stores device in the memory storage into;

To multiply by in the cost of electricity-generating of each demand the device that result that cost of electricity-generating obtains with respect to the weighting coefficient of demand is set as described objective function;

Receive reserve capabillity, same central authorities start simultaneously forbid limiting or the fuel consumption restriction at least one restriction store it in the memory storage device as restrictive condition;

Based on the mathematics plan law, utilize described objective function and described restrictive condition, and stop the value of variable or the thermoelectric generator output of each thermoelectric generator based on starting, the bound limits value that objective function or starting is stopped variable being revised, and what obtain thermoelectric generator is the device that the starting of 0 to 1 real variable stops the convergency value of variable by relaxing;

Stop variable in the starting of all thermoelectric generators and all converge in 0 or 1 the situation, formulate the device of the starting rest schedule that satisfies all restrictive conditions; And

Show the described device that satisfies the starting rest schedule of all restrictive conditions;

The making device of described power house application plan is connected via the electric power system of order wire with the outside,

The described starting rest schedule that satisfies all restrictive conditions is notified to described electric power system, and this electric power system is exported for the output control signal that thermoelectric generator is controlled based on notified starting rest schedule.

2. the making device of power house application plan according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Have based on the mathematics plan law and utilize described objective function, make the device of starting rest schedule and load distribution program optimization.

3. the making device of power house application plan according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Have and receive increase in demand period or demand and reduce the period and be stored to device in the memory storage.

4. the making device of power house application plan according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Have and receive time restriction that starting that increase in demand period and demand reduce the period stops variable and be stored to device in the memory storage.

5. the making device of power house application plan according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Has the coefficient to objective function, the Minimum square error function, starting stops the value of variable, the value of thermoelectric generator output, starting stops to determine rate, passing with respect to the number of occurrence of the coefficient of objective function, stop the passing of the number of occurrence of variable with respect to starting, passing with respect to the number of occurrence of thermoelectric generator output, stop the passing of the number of occurrence of definite rate with respect to starting, passing with respect to the number of occurrence of Fuel Consumption, with respect at least one device exporting and show in the passing of the number of occurrence of reservoir level.

6. the making device of power house application plan according to claim 1 is characterized in that,

Have: reception estimates that the probability distribution of temperature is stored to the device in the memory storage;

The relation of the fuel characteristic of reception temperature and thermoelectric generator is stored to the device in the memory storage;

Generation is with respect to the fuel cost characteristic of described expectation temperature and store device in the memory storage into; With

Reflection is with respect to the fuel cost characteristic of described expectation temperature and generate the device of objective function.

7. the formulating method of a power house application plan comprises: the weighting coefficient that receives the demand forecast of two above synchronizations and be equivalent to described demand forecast probability of happening is stored to the step in the memory storage; And

Come the step of target setting function according to the demand forecast of described two above synchronizations of storing in the described memory storage and the weighting coefficient that is equivalent to described demand forecast probability of happening;

The formulating method of this power house application plan also comprises:

For each demand, the step that the weighting coefficient of the cost of electricity-generating during to starting rest schedule and load distribution is accepted and stored;

To multiply by in the cost of electricity-generating of each demand the step that result that cost of electricity-generating obtains with respect to the weighting coefficient of demand is set as described objective function;

Receive reserve capabillity, same central authorities start simultaneously forbid limiting or the fuel consumption restriction at least one restriction store it in the memory storage step as restrictive condition;

Based on the mathematics plan law, utilize described objective function and described restrictive condition, and stop the value of variable or the thermoelectric generator output of each thermoelectric generator based on starting, the bound limits value that objective function or starting is stopped variable being revised, and what obtain thermoelectric generator is the step that the starting of 0 to 1 real variable stops the convergency value of variable by relaxing;

Stop variable in the starting of all thermoelectric generators and all converge in 0 or 1 the situation, formulate the step of the starting rest schedule that satisfies all restrictive conditions;

Show the described step that satisfies the starting rest schedule of all restrictive conditions; With

The described starting rest schedule that satisfies all restrictive conditions is notified to the electric power system, made this electric power system export step for the output control signal that thermoelectric generator is controlled based on notified starting rest schedule.

8. the formulating method of power house application plan according to claim 7 is characterized in that,

Comprise described objective function is utilized the mathematics plan law, make the step of starting rest schedule and load distribution program optimization.

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