CN101325004A - Method for compensating real time traffic information data - Google Patents
Method for compensating real time traffic information data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a data compensation method for real time traffic information, which comprises the following steps: optimizing a road net according to the traffic information generated by real-time processing; conducting the abnormal data rejection to the traffic information generated by real-time processing, so as to obtain data which complies with current traffic tendency; choosing historical data which complies with the change of the traffic tendency from a historical database according to the obtained data of real-time traffic tendency to be taken as an auxiliary information source for compensating vacant information; taking a vacant road chain road as a center to construct a compensatory area according to the auxiliary information source and the road net after being optimized, taking the area as a unit to conduct compensatory calculation to road chain which is not covered with traveling track information; determining a filling mode according to the road chain role of a vacant road chain and the number of the vacant road chain in the compensatory area, thereby accomplishing the compensation. The data compensation method fully utilizes the characteristic of the change of traffic flow tendency to develop the information in the historical database to realize the real-time calculation of large-scale data, and the data compensation method has the advantages of high computational efficiency and versatility which is not restricted by areas.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to intelligent transportation system field transport information and handle category in real time, relate to compensation data method based on a kind of Real-time Traffic Information of historical data.
Background technology
Cause the reason of traffic congestion or surpassed the ability to bear or because the generation (as traffic hazard or traffic control) of special event of the road that blocks up.It is that hourage is uncertain and cause can't compensating from origin to destination (OD distance) the required time that traffic congestion is brought maximum problem to public trip.Dynamic route planning is exactly according to Real-time Traffic Information, according to an optimum or sub-optimal path from the initial state to the dbjective state of a certain performance index (as distance, time, energy etc.) search, help the user to dodge as far as possible to block up the highway section and calculate driving process required hourage.But the basis of its realization needs the transport information of high coverage rate to do support, and processing procedure will guarantee accurately and be efficient simultaneously.
Because traditional fixed detectors measure is limited in scope, only comprise the transport information on through street and the main trunk road usually, and in the target of path planning, the traffic behavior of non-through street also is one of wherein important content.
Generating real-time road with the driving trace information of Floating Car is to obtain one of state-of-the-art technology means of Traffic Information in the international intelligent transportation system (ITS).The driving trace of so-called Floating Car, the vehicle that is meant equipment Global Positioning System (GPS) (GPS) periodically (receiving cycle) anchor point is sent to data center, the travel route of vehicle between two anchor points is trace information, as shown in Figure 4.B1 wherein, b2 .... the starting point of a driving trace of expression; E1, e2 .... the terminal point of a driving trace of expression; Directive curve is indicated the driving trace information that has travel direction that a car generates.Thick line represents by what wheelpath covered the data road arranged, otherwise is the absence information road.
Electronic urban map is that atomic unit constitutes with the road chain, and each bar road chain has information such as fixing length, travel direction.Article one, road is made of No. one or more chain.By regular time interval (processing cycle) the Floating Car trace information that gets access to is corresponded in the electronic urban map, the road chain that it covered can obtain to contain the weights information of travel speed.But be subjected to Floating Car quantity, driver's driving habits and the restriction in system handles cycle; For some road, be subjected to the region and can cause interior some the road chain of certain hour to be covered by real-time driving trace information.Owing to may comprise vacancy data road chain in institute's programme path, the OD hourage that makes that system-computed goes out and actual required time, ratio error was greatly even make a mistake mutually in the path planning process.Therefore need a kind of method of the road network of completion in real time road conditions, the present invention is exactly according to vacancy road adjacent road chain information and historical data information, a kind of method that improves the transport information of coverage rate on the basis that guarantees accuracy.
Existing classic method mainly comprises the historical trend method, ARIMA model, neural network model etc.The historical trend method can't be made a response to the extraneous factor and the undesired factor that influence journey time, can't overcome the uncertainty and the nonlinear characteristic of traffic flow process, especially can't overcome the influence of random disturbance factor; The ARIMA model only is applicable to the situation that transportation condition is stable; Neural network model is the transportation condition of Simulation of Complex accurately, but its parameter training is very complicated, and computing time is also oversize, is not suitable for online application.In addition, the floating car data that in a processing cycle, obtains, may have only the minority Floating Car even not have the Floating Car process for some road, belong to the small sample data, be subjected to factor affecting such as driving behavior, vehicle condition, environment, can't reflect real traffic information, be a kind of extremely unsettled data source, and said method all can't overcome as being used to handle real time data.Therefore need a kind of can be in the compensation method that guarantees to handle in real time a kind of missing data on the basis of transport information efficient.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of compensation data method of Real-time Traffic Information is provided, this method has made full use of the characteristics that traffic flow trend changes, the random character that keeps the traffic parameter to change, from historical data, go mined information, realize real-time calculating large-scale data, had the treatment effeciency height, be not subjected to the versatility characteristics of territorial restrictions.
Implementation method of the present invention is as follows: a kind of compensation data method of Real-time Traffic Information is characterized in that step is as follows: a kind of compensation data method of Real-time Traffic Information is characterized in that step is as follows:
Step 101: the transport information according to real-time processing generates is optimized road network;
Step 102: the transport information that real-time processing generates is carried out the abnormal data rejecting, obtain meeting the data of current traffic tendency;
Step 103: from historical data base, choose the historical data that meets this traffic tendency variation according to the real-time traffic trend data that step 102 obtains, as the ancillary sources of absence information compensation;
Step 104: according to the ancillary sources of step 103 and the road network of optimizing through step 101, being the center construction compensatory zone with a vacancy road chain road compensates calculating to the road chain that does not have driving trace information in the road network and cover, determine to fill up pattern according to vacancy road chain quantity in the road chain role of vacancy road chain and the compensatory zone, thereby finish compensation.
The present invention's having compared with prior art is following:
(1) dynamic optimize on the road network structure basis real time data in the vacancy message part compensate, change according to date of real time data and magnitude of traffic flow trend and from history data file, to choose data and be used for the Real-time Traffic Information compensation, the characteristics of having utilized traffic flow trend to change, the random character that has kept the traffic parameter to change, from historical data, go mined information, therefore have the high characteristics of treatment effeciency; Because the generation of ancillary sources has utilized the homology historical data, therefore enlarged sample size, promoted the accuracy rate of result.Prior art has also been utilized historical data, but distinguishing feature of the present invention is, ancillary sources be calculated as the calculating that is independent of real-time program, it chooses suitable historical data according to real-time traffic flow trend variation from historical data, calculated amount when therefore not only having reduced real-time the processing greatly can be calculated large-scale data in real time.Simultaneously, therefore the present invention also has the characteristics that are not subjected to the territorial restrictions versatility owing to relevant with electronic map data.
(2) in addition, prior art is just emphasized the vacancy road chain grade that will fill up, and do not consider the influence of vacancy surrounding environment, not only take all factors into consideration road chain role (grade, the utilization rate) difference of road chain in road network in the present invention, also considered the influence of absence information highway section surrounding enviroment simultaneously, method to the zone coupling compensates with different match patterns absence information road chain, has further improved compensation accuracy and handling property.
Description of drawings
The process flow diagram that Fig. 1 realizes for the present invention;
Fig. 2 is of the present invention for determining the k level search synoptic diagram of compensatory zone;
Fig. 3 is an absence information compensation process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the driving trace synoptic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the traffic tendency curve map;
Fig. 6 is the area schematic of filling up of the present invention;
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes road network optimization part, ancillary sources part and real time data compensated part, concrete steps are as follows:
1. real time data reads, and the transport information according to real-time processing generates obtains the road network optimization information
Road network optimization among the present invention is to reject the road that does not possess bus capacity, and simultaneously to different brackets, the road of difference in functionality (as the expressway, lane, alleyway road) is classified by the road role.
Road network optimization is drawn roads all in the road network in three set: the set of unreachable road chain, the chain set of main road and the set of auxiliary route chain; Chain set in described unreachable road is meant the set that does not possess the road chain of bus capacity in certain hour section in the recent period, promptly in regular hour section in the recent period not by the set of the road chain that vehicle driving trace covered; Set of described main road chain and the set of auxiliary route chain be with each road chain by road chain role, promptly determine to classify by road chain grade and utilization rate, its process is:
(1) according to historical data, will with real time data at interval the data in x days carry out statistical study, if a road did not all have the wheelpath of Floating Car to cover in x days, then this road is put into during unreachable road chain gathers as road information unusually;
(2) according to historical data, determine the road chain role of each grade road chain, be road chain grade and utilization rate, chain grade relative higher road with utilization rate in road is divided into the chain set of main road, road chain grade and the relatively low road of utilization rate are divided into the set of auxiliary route chain; The relative height of described road chain grade is meant the division of road of different nature chain being carried out by the road chain traffic capacity, and the supplier is provided as given data by map.Utilization rate is meant a certain grade road, the link length that is covered by driving trace and the ratio of road total length.
Utilization rate is defined by formula 1.
Wherein k represents category of roads, and n represents the road chain number that is comprised in the chain of k grade road, and j represents the unique number of each bar road chain, and i represents to handle the cycle sequence number, and m represents the processing periodicity in;
Certain grade road chain utilization rate is a main road chain on setting threshold, otherwise is the auxiliary route chain.
2, abnormal data is rejected: the transport information that real-time processing generates is carried out the abnormal data rejecting, obtain meeting the data of current traffic tendency
The abnormal data elimination method is: calculate the corresponding historical data sequence X of corresponding classification constantly, computational mathematics expectation E (X); Calculate the standard deviation D (X) of current time transport information and historical information, calculate current time transport information and the last standard deviation D (X ') of transport information X ' constantly, if:
(1) constantly the Real-time Traffic Information data that generate of t and data expectation E (X) are in setting threshold values th scope, and D (X) and D (X ') difference be equally in setting threshold values th ', and generation is not unusually then to think these moment data;
(2) the Real-time Traffic Information data of t generation constantly and data expectation E (X) exceed setting threshold values th, but D (X) and D (X ') difference are equally in setting threshold values th ', then wait for next traffic information data X constantly and " generate; if (X ") has than big-difference next traffic information data D (X) constantly with D, exceed and set threshold values th ', think that then the transport information of t takes place unusually constantly, and abnormal data is weeded out.
3. historical data is chosen: choose the historical data that meets this traffic tendency variation, the ancillary sources of absence information by way of compensation according to the real-time traffic trend data that step 102 obtains from historical data base
The method of choosing ancillary sources is:
Historical data during (1) according to initialization is calculated mutually the road network average velocity of interior each traffic information file on the same day, generates the traffic tendency curve, as shown in Figure 5, and to having the traffic data classification and storage of similar transport information curve:
(2) in the real-time processing procedure, calculate the road network average velocity of the m that comprises a traffic data file in the adjacent k time period, generate the transport information curve segment, and this curve segment is mated with the historical data in the identical time period, find out the most similar n bar curve as ancillary sources.
4. absence information compensation:
The absence information compensation is meant according to real-time traffic information and the road network through optimizing, the road that does not wherein have driving trace information to cover is carried out regional compensation.Described regional compensation is meant that with an absence information road be the center construction compensatory zone.Be the center promptly with this road, the same data type road that is attached thereto in the search k rice scope, as shown in Figure 2.With the compensatory zone is that unit is to the unified compensation in vacancy information track road in this zone, as shown in Figure 6.
The method of compensation is specially as shown in Figure 3:
Step 301: after the real-time road of the reaction chain road conditions data that in reading in a nearest time window, generated by the floating vehicle travelling track, from road network, extract the absence information road chain that is not covered by the floating vehicle travelling track according to existing floating vehicle travelling trace information situation, set up the chain set of vacancy road, reject unreachable road chain in the chain set of vacancy road;
Step 302: judge whether this vacancy road chain set is empty set, if, execution in step 309, otherwise, execution in step 303;
Step 303: obtain the topological structure of this vacancy road chain, and be defined area, center scope with this vacancy road chain, this zone is matching area, execution in step 304;
Step 304: judge vacancy road chain quantity in this zone,, carry out 305, otherwise carry out 306 if should have only a vacancy road chain in the zone;
Step 305: this vacancy road chain is utilized the road topology structure, fill up with pattern 1, carry out 310 after finishing with adjacent road chain road conditions information;
Step 306: determine absence information road chain in this zone, determine road chain role simultaneously, if the road chain is a main roads role execution in step 307, otherwise execution in step 308
Step 307: corresponding road chain information is done the contrast of data similarity in the road chain that data are arranged in should the zone and the auxiliary data source, chooses the driving trace information in one group of the highest ancillary sources of similarity, fills up execution 310 after finishing with pattern 2;
Step 308: the road chain in this zone is auxiliary route chain role, directly fills up with mode 3 with the auxiliary data source information of corresponding time, carries out 310 after finishing;
Step 309: arrangement system-wide net Real-time Traffic Information and output.
Step 310: the vacancy road chain after will filling up is rejected from the set of vacancy road chain, carries out 303 after finishing.
The method that the difference of above-mentioned pattern 1 is filled up is as follows:
Have only a vacancy road chain in the determined compensatory zone, in this case, this road chain can reflect the road conditions of this absence information by the transport information of peripheral path, and therefore the method for filling up by the space difference is filled up.Computing method are the influence that the road conditions of absence information road chain not only are subjected to continuous road chain role, simultaneously also with the road chain between relevant as spatial relationships such as angles, give different weights according to the road chain role and the mutual angular relationship that link to each other, in real time data, use with the same compensatory zone of vacancy road chain in the road chain information that links to each other fill up.
The method that the zone coupling of pattern 2 is filled up is as follows:
Road in the determined zone belongs to main road chain role, and there is the road of surpassing not covered by driving trace, be difficult to reflect the traffic real-time information of this road in this case by vacancy road periphery road conditions, therefore, need carry out the fine granularity compensation to absence information with historical data with similar traffic flow trend.Computing method for the road chain in determining the compensating basin after (including data road chain and vacancy data road chain), with being arranged in the zone, the data in data road chain and the auxiliary data source do the traffic tendency coupling, seek one group of the most similar in this zone historical data, the road chain of having vacant position in the zone is filled to real time data.This method is a kind of fine granularity, accurate complementing method.
The method that the filling of mode 3 is filled up is as follows:
Service road data type absence information road matching pattern, road in the determined zone belongs to auxiliary route chain role, and there is the road of surpassing not covered by driving trace, be difficult to reflect the traffic real-time information of this road in this case by vacancy road periphery road conditions, therefore, need carry out the coarseness compensation to absence information with historical data with similar traffic flow trend.Computing method all belong to auxiliary route chain role by the road chain in definite compensating basin, such road chain in certain hour, certain area coverage seldom even do not have a Floating Car process.From ancillary sources, choose the data of corresponding time point, absence information road chain in the zone is compensated according to the time attribute (cycle in week, time point) that generates real time data.This method is a kind of complementing method of coarseness.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of compensation data method of Real-time Traffic Information is characterized in that step is as follows:
Step 101: the transport information according to real-time processing generates is optimized road network;
Step 102: the transport information that real-time processing generates is carried out the abnormal data rejecting, obtain correctly to reflect the data of current traffic tendency;
Step 103: from historical data base, choose the historical data that meets this traffic tendency variation according to the real-time traffic trend data that step 102 obtains, as the ancillary sources of absence information compensation;
Step 104: according to the ancillary sources of step 103 and the road network of optimizing through step 101, being the center construction compensatory zone with a vacancy road chain road compensates calculating to the road chain that does not have driving trace information in the road network and cover, determine to fill up pattern according to vacancy road chain quantity in the road chain role of vacancy road chain and the compensatory zone, thereby finish compensation.
2, the compensation data method of Real-time Traffic Information according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it is that roads all in the road network is drawn in three set that described road network optimization is crossed: the set of unreachable road chain, the chain set of main road and the set of auxiliary route chain; Chain set in described unreachable road is meant the set that does not possess the road chain of bus capacity in certain hour section in the recent period, promptly in regular hour section in the recent period not by the set of the road chain that vehicle driving trace covered; Set of described main road chain and the set of auxiliary route chain be with each road chain by road chain role, promptly determine to classify by road chain grade and utilization rate, its process is:
(1) according to historical data, will with real time data at interval the data in x days carry out statistical study,
If one road did not all have the wheelpath of Floating Car to cover in x days, then this road is put in the chain set of unreachable road as unusual road information;
(2) according to historical data, determine the road chain role of each grade road chain, be road chain grade and utilization rate, chain grade relative higher road with utilization rate in road is divided into the chain set of main road, road chain grade and the relatively low road of utilization rate are divided into the set of auxiliary route chain; The relative height of described road chain grade is meant the division of road of different nature chain being carried out by the road chain traffic capacity, and the supplier is provided as given data by map; Described utilization rate is defined by formula 1.
Wherein k represents category of roads, and n represents the road chain number that is comprised in the chain of k grade road, and j represents the unique number of each bar road chain, and i represents to handle the cycle sequence number, and m represents the processing periodicity in;
Certain grade road chain utilization rate on the threshold values is main road chain setting, otherwise is the auxiliary route chain.
3, the compensation data method of Real-time Traffic Information according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the abnormal data elimination method of described step 102 is: calculate the corresponding historical data sequence X of corresponding classification constantly, computational mathematics expectation E (X); Calculate the standard deviation D (X) of current time transport information and historical information, calculate current time transport information and the last standard deviation D (X ') of transport information X ' constantly, if:
(1) constantly the Real-time Traffic Information data that generate of t and data expectation E (X) are in setting threshold values th scope, and D (X) and D (X ') difference be equally in setting threshold values th ', and generation is not unusually then to think these moment data;
(2) the Real-time Traffic Information data of t generation constantly and data expectation E (X) exceed setting threshold values th, but D (X) and D (X ') difference are equally in setting threshold values th ', then wait for next traffic information data X constantly and " generate; if (X ") has than big-difference next traffic information data D (X) constantly with D, exceed and set threshold values th ', think that then the transport information of t takes place unusually constantly, and abnormal data is weeded out.
4, the compensation data method of Real-time Traffic Information according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the implementation procedure of described step 103 is:
Historical data during (1) according to initialization is calculated mutually the road network average velocity of interior each traffic information file on the same day, generates the traffic tendency curve, and to having the traffic data classification and storage of similar transport information curve;
(2) in the real-time processing procedure, calculate the road network average velocity of the m that comprises a traffic data file in the adjacent k time period, generate the transport information curve segment, and this curve segment is mated with the historical data in the identical time period, find out the most similar n bar curve as ancillary sources.
5, the compensation data method of Real-time Traffic Information according to claim 1 is characterized in that step is as follows:
Step 301: after the real-time road of the reaction chain road conditions data that in reading in a nearest time window, generated by the floating vehicle travelling track, from road network, extract the absence information road chain that is not covered by the floating vehicle travelling track according to existing floating vehicle travelling trace information situation, set up the chain set of vacancy road, reject unreachable road chain in the chain set of vacancy road;
Step 302: judge whether this vacancy road chain set is empty set, if, execution in step 309, otherwise, execution in step 303;
Step 303: obtain the topological structure of this vacancy road chain, and be defined area, center scope with this vacancy road chain, this zone is matching area, execution in step 304;
Step 304: judge vacancy road chain quantity in this zone,, carry out 305, otherwise carry out 306 if should have only a vacancy road chain in the zone;
Step 305: this vacancy road chain is utilized the road topology structure, and with adjacent road chain road conditions information pattern 1, promptly difference complementing method in space is filled up, and carries out 310 after finishing;
Step 306: determine absence information road chain in this zone, determine road chain role simultaneously, if the road chain is a main roads role execution in step 307, otherwise execution in step 308;
Step 307: corresponding road chain information is done the contrast of data similarity in the road chain that data are arranged in should the zone and the auxiliary data source, choose the driving trace information in one group of the highest ancillary sources of similarity, with pattern 2, promptly the zone coupling is filled up, and carries out 310 after finishing;
Step 308: the road chain in this zone is auxiliary route chain role, directly with the auxiliary data source information mode 3 of corresponding time, promptly fills enthesis and fills up, and carries out 310 after finishing;
Step 309: arrangement system-wide net Real-time Traffic Information and output;
Step 310: the vacancy road chain after will filling up is rejected from the set of vacancy road chain, carries out 303 after finishing.
6, the compensation data method of Real-time Traffic Information according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the space difference enthesis of described pattern 1 is to have only a vacancy road chain in the determined compensatory zone, utilize in the real time data method that link to each other, that have the chain angle look of going the same way mutually Zhou Bianlu chain information with absence information road chain compensates vacancy road chain.
7, the compensation data method of Real-time Traffic Information according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the zone coupling penalty method of described pattern 2 is for the zone of determining of filling up, utilize real time data, with being arranged in the zone, the data in data road chain and the auxiliary data source do the traffic tendency coupling, seek one group of the most similar in this zone historical data to real time data, the method that vacancy road chain information is filled up, be applicable to that determined compensatory zone has many vacancy road chains, and road chain to be filled up is main road chain role.
8, the compensation data method of Real-time Traffic Information according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the filled type penalty method of replenishing described mode 3 is according to the time attribute that generates real time data, it is the cycle in week, time point is searched time corresponding point historical data with it from the auxiliary data source, the method that vacancy road chain information is filled up, being applicable to has many vacancy road chains in the determined compensatory zone, and road chain to be filled up belongs to auxiliary route chain role.
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