CN101322732B - 细辛的炮制方法 - Google Patents

细辛的炮制方法 Download PDF

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CN101322732B
CN101322732B CN2008103022844A CN200810302284A CN101322732B CN 101322732 B CN101322732 B CN 101322732B CN 2008103022844 A CN2008103022844 A CN 2008103022844A CN 200810302284 A CN200810302284 A CN 200810302284A CN 101322732 B CN101322732 B CN 101322732B
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herba asari
ammonia
aristolochic acid
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CN101322732A (zh
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陈红
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TONGHUA DONGBAO PHARMACEUTICAL CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种中药的制备方法,即细辛的炮制方法。步骤如下:(1)细辛或细辛适当切段;(2)用5%氨水或饱和石灰水溶液10倍量药材浸泡1-2次,每次12小时,取出水洗至水洗液为中性,阴干,即得。细辛经过本发明方法炮制可以去除有毒成分马兜铃酸,同时又不影响细辛挥发油的含量,为细辛合理的临床应用提供了一种新的药材品种。该方法简单、合理和效果显著。

Description

细辛的炮制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种中药的制备方法,即细辛的炮制方法。
背景技术
在已有技术中,细辛为马兜铃科植物。细辛属植物北细辛Asarum heterotropoides Fr.Schmidtvar.mandshuricum(Maxim.)Kitag、汉城细辛AsarumsieboldiiMiq.var.Seoulense Nakai.或华细辛Asarum sieboldii Miq.的干燥全草。具有祛风散寒、通窍止痛、温肺化饮的功能,用于治疗风寒感冒、头痛鼻塞、风湿痹痛、痰饮喘咳等症。细辛的化学成分包括挥发油及非挥发性成分:挥发油中主要成分为甲基丁香酚(60%)、优芷茴香酮(13%)、黄樟醚(8%)、桉油精(7%)、细辛酮(6%)、细辛醚(2%)等;非挥发性成分主要为去甲基乌药碱、L-细辛脂素、L-芝麻脂素以及黄酮类化合物、微量元素等。其挥发性成分甲基丁香酚等药理研究表明确有抗菌、解热和镇痛麻醉等作用;非挥发性成分中的木质素类具有抗病毒和抗结核杆菌的作用。不同来源的细辛中是否含有微量的马兜铃酸尚有争议。文献中对有毒成分马兜铃酸的含量分析偶有报道,且方法不同,测试的结果也不相同。有检出的报道,含量最高是华细辛为11.4ug/g;也有未检出的报道马兜铃酸类成分为马兜铃科植物中一类特征性成分,具有抗肿瘤及增强吞噬细胞活性等作用,广泛存在于马兜铃科植物中,高剂量的马兜铃酸可致肾毒性。文献报道,大鼠口服马兜铃酸的LD50平均为193.7mg/kg;按药典规定关木通的用量为3-6g的6g计算,治疗指数大于10为安全可靠,马兜铃酸的含量不得高于4.85%(关木通)。因此只要合理的使用含有马兜铃酸的药材,是不会产生肾毒性的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述情况而提供一种降低细辛马兜铃酸含量的细辛的炮制方法。
本发明的技术解决方案是:细辛的炮制方法步骤如下:
(1)细辛或细辛适当切段;
(2)用5%氨水或饱和石灰水溶液10倍量药材浸泡1-2次,每次12小时,取出水洗至水洗液为中性,阴干,即得。
本发明的优点是:1、细辛经过本发明方法炮制可以去除有毒成分马兜铃酸,同时又不影响细辛挥发油的含量,为细辛合理的临床应用提供了一种新的药材品种。2、方法简单、合理和效果显著。
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方式作进一步详细描述。
具体实施方式
实施例1
细辛的炮制方法步骤如下:
(1)细辛或细辛适当切段;
(2)用饱和石灰水溶液10倍量药材浸泡2次,每次12小时,取出水洗至水洗液为中性,阴干,即得。
实施例2
细辛的炮制方法步骤如下:
(1)细辛或细辛适当切段;
(2)用5%氨水10倍量药材浸泡1次,浸泡12小时,取出水洗至水洗液为中性,阴干,即得。
试验例
细辛的炮制研究
本试验采用不同的方法对不同来源的市售细辛药材进行了马蔸铃酸的含量测定,并对细辛炮制前后马兜铃酸的含量以及挥发油的含量和薄层检识进行了实验分析,结果表明不同来源的细辛中均含有微量的马兜铃酸,但细辛经过炮制可以去除有毒成分马兜铃酸,同时又不影响细辛挥发油的含量。为细辛合理的临床应用提供了一种新的药材品种。
不同的炮制方法对马兜铃酸去除的影响很大。本试验对细辛炮制使用的碱液种类和浓度,浸泡时间和次数、药材粉碎的粒度等因素进行了正交实验。
1、因素与水平(见表1)
                        表1、因素水平表
    因素    A           B           C           D
水          ----        ----        ----        ----
平          氨水浓度    氨水用量    浸渍时间    药材粉碎粒度
            (%)        (倍)        (h)
    1       1            5          12          原生药
    2       2            10         24          粗粉
    3       5            20         48          细粉
2、正交试验结果(见表2)
                  表2、L9(34)正交试验结果表
试验
号          因              素      马兜铃酸含量
                                             μg/g
         A        B        C        D
1        1        1        1        1        1.603
2        1        2        2        2        1.435
3        1        3        3        3        1.396
4        2        1        2        3        1.025
5        2        2        3        1        0.960
6        2        3        1        2        0.934
7        3        1        3        2        0.705
8        3        2        1        3        0.553
9        3        3        2        1        0.568
极差分析结果(见表3)表明最佳炮制方法为A3B3D3C2;方差分析结果(见表4)表明氨水浓度对炮制的影响有显著性差异,其它因素均无显著性差异。说明较高浓度的氨水,有利于马兜铃酸的去除。考虑到生产周期等因素,因此确定细辛的炮制方法为:细辛不粉碎或适当切段,用5%氨水10倍量浸泡12小时,取出水洗至水洗液为中性,阴干,即得。
                 表3、极差分析表
试验号    A        B        C        D
K1        4.434    3.333    3.090    3.131
K2        2.919    2.948    3.028    3.074
K3        1.826    2.898    3.061    2.974
K1        1.478    1.111    1.030    1.044
K2        0.973    0.983    1.009    1.025
K3        0.609    0.966    1.020    0.991
R         0.869    0.145    0.021    0.053
                        表4、方差分析表
        方差来源       离差平方和    自由度    F值      P值
      A           1.143           2       105.9    <0.01
      B           0.037           2       3.500    >0.1
      C           0.0002          2       0.019    >0.1
      D           0.004           2       0.370    >0.1
误差        0.0108          2
         F0.01(2,2)=99.0;F0.1(2,2)=9.00
3、不同碱溶液对炮制的影响考虑到生产实际,用石灰水代替氨水进行试验,用饱和石灰水溶液及其稀释液,对细辛炮制,并参考5%0氨水炮制试验的结果,加入10倍量的碱液冷浸12小时,同时考察冷浸次数对炮制的影响:结果见表5-8。
               表5、因素水平表
            因素           A                B
水平             碱液浸泡               次数
1                饱和石灰水溶液         1
2                稀释1倍的饱和石灰水    2
            表6、L4(23)正交实验结果表
            因   素     马兜铃酸含量
试验号    A    B    C    μg/g
1         1    1    1    0.781
2         1    2    2    0
3         2    1    2    2.205
4         2    2    1    1.935
         表7、极差分析表
    试验号     A            B
K1        0.781        2.986
K2        4.140        1.935
K1        0.391        1.493
K2        2.070        0.968
R         1.680        0.526
                   表8、方差分析表
           方差来源    方差平方和    自由度        F值    P值
        A        2.820          1           42.7   <0.10
        B        0.276          1           4.18   >0.10
误差      0.066          1
        F0.10(1,1)=39.9
结果表明,对炮制有显著影响,浸泡次数对炮制无显著影响。综合比较两次正交试验的结果,用饱和石灰水替代5%氨水炮制,浸泡一次的结果,石灰水不如5%氨水,但用石灰水浸泡2次后,药材中的马兜铃酸未检出。因此,可用饱和石灰水浸泡2次进行炮制生产,石灰水用量每次10倍量,浸泡时间为12小时。
4、讨论
氨水炮制虽优于石灰水,但氨水对人体有很强的刺激性,因此不利于安全生产,所以选用石灰水替代氨水用于炮制生产中,并且生产废水易于处理,对环境不会产生污染。
药材粉碎虽对炮制有一定的影响,但无显著性差异。药材粉碎后炮制的收率很低,且药材的形状已破坏,不但增加成本,更不利于销售,因此建议药材炮制前不粉碎或适当切段。
由于细辛中马兜铃酸的含量甚微,因此应该用检识灵敏夏高的方法来检测,故不适合使用薄层扫描法检测。

Claims (3)

1.一种细辛的炮制方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
(1)细辛或细辛适当切段;
(2)用5%氨水或饱和石灰水溶液10倍量药材浸泡1-2次,每次12小时,取出水洗至水洗液为中性,阴干,即得。
2.按照权利要求1所述的细辛的炮制方法,其特征在于步骤(2)为用饱和石灰水溶液10倍量药材浸泡2次。
3.按照权利要求1所述的细辛的炮制方法,其特征在于步骤(2)为用5%氨水10倍量药材浸泡1次。
CN2008103022844A 2008-06-24 2008-06-24 细辛的炮制方法 Active CN101322732B (zh)

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Non-Patent Citations (2)

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Title
国家药典委员会.《中华人民共和国药典·2005年版一部》.《中华人民共和国药典·2005年版一部》.化学工业出版社,2005,(第1版),第159页第23行. *
王智民等.利用炮制技术去除关木通毒性成分的方法学研究.《中国中药杂志》.2005,第30卷(第16期),第1243页第1栏第1-12行、第1245页第2栏倒数第1-3行、第1246页第1栏第1-7行. *

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