CN101320606A - Electrical surge arresters - Google Patents
Electrical surge arresters Download PDFInfo
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- CN101320606A CN101320606A CNA2008100877094A CN200810087709A CN101320606A CN 101320606 A CN101320606 A CN 101320606A CN A2008100877094 A CNA2008100877094 A CN A2008100877094A CN 200810087709 A CN200810087709 A CN 200810087709A CN 101320606 A CN101320606 A CN 101320606A
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- piezoresistive element
- discharger
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Abstract
An electrical surge arrester is manufactured by securing a stack of metal oxide varistor blocks between end terminations by passing a rod through through-holes in the varistor blocks and securing the ends of the rod to the end terminations. The through-holes are larger than the rod cross section and a silicone rubber material is injected into the void which otherwise would exist between the rod and the interior surfaces of the through-holes in the varistor blocks. The silicone rubber material is also moulded around the exterior of the stacked varistor blocks and forms a shedded external housing for the arrester. The silicone rubber coatings on the varistor block internal and external surfaces effects a passivation function and means that the passivation coatings normally provided on the surfaces of varistor blocks by their manufacturers at significant cost can be omitted.
Description
The application be that February 25, application number in 1998 are 98804519.2 the applying date, name is called the dividing an application of patent application of " about the improvement of surge arrester ".
The present invention relates to the improvement about surge arrester, surge arrester is also referred to as surge diverter, and as is well known, it is used in the high voltage electric equipment, for the overvoltage surge that is for example caused by thunderbolt and switch transient process provides path over the ground.
A kind of surge arrester has been described in GB-A-2188199, it mainly is intended for use in the application of distribution grade, but also can link to each other with series-parallel structure, be used for the application of the power station grade of high voltage, as described in GB-A-2230661 with the discharger of other coupling on electric.This surge arrester comprises the rigid core of big physical length, it is equipped with the shell body of being made by polymeric material with shirt rim, described core is made up of a plurality of ceramic varistor pieces, and they are repeatedly put end-to-end, and is encapsulated in the guard shield of being made by the rigid plastic material that strengthens.The guard shield of the rigid plastic material that strengthens outer surface best and the varistor block heap directly connects, although suggestion provides by Mylar between varistor block and guard shield
TMThe thin wall of making.In the varistor block heap, a plurality of metals (for example aluminium) spacing block can be set, be used to varistor block heap to provide to be enough to the total length of the external flashover of avoiding discharger, and provide termination block in the opposite end of heap, be used to make discharger to link to each other with relevant equipment.
As described in GB-A-2188199, the rigid core of this surge arrester is compared with the surge arrester of the ceramic shell of the total length with fragility problem with polymeric shells has significant advantage.The discharger of conventional ceramic shell is filled with inert gas usually, if discharger suffers excessive overvoltage, inert gas can directly blow discharger shell open, on the zone around the fragment of heat drops on, thereby causes fire.In the end cover structure of the surge arrester of the ceramic shell with inflation, but can provide pressure to discharge fracturing diaphragm, still, these structures make the discharger structure complicated, and still have the fragility problem of ceramic shell.
The no gap discharger with rigid core and polymeric shells of making GB-A-2188199 is for air inclusion not, even and under failure condition, also keep the integrality of its structure.In addition, can also be without supporting insulator, because the load that the supporting insulator that the intensity of the rigid core of discharger is enough to support to be provided under the regular situation supports.The inherent strength that the discharger of GB-A-2188199 is obtained by its rigid core and gapless structure makes it can be connected in the connection in series-parallel array of the voltage that can bear the power station grade, as described in GB-A-2230661.Because these and other advantage, the surge arrester of GB-A-2188199 has obtained quite successful application industrial.
We are not satisfied with the success of the surge arrester of GB-A-2188199 and GB-A-2230661, and as the part that we continue to improve one's strategy, we are considering how to reduce the element cost always, installation time and processed time.Make surge arrester according to GB-A-2188199, need cured, so that the epoxide resin material of the enhancing that puts on the varistor block heap under uncured state is solidified, and, if between the adjacently situated surfaces of the piece of stacking, provide the silver that is added with binder, so that improve electrically contacting therebetween, then also need cured to binder.After solidifying, pack in the housing of its polymer with independent operation handlebar core assembly, load onto end cap at last.These handle used manufacturing time is considerable, and requires to possess curing oven, therefore, needs a kind of manufacturing technology that can cancel cured, and it is being added with considerable interests aspect making space and time.Any minimizing of element cost all can bring additional advantage.
Thereby, the objective of the invention is to, a kind of surge arrester is provided, compare with the surge arrester of GB-A-2188199, its easier manufacturing, and do not damage the advantage that shows by the sort of discharger.
The present invention mainly comes from such understanding: on all surface of varistor block, rather than on its metallized contact surface, in fact the outside passivating coating that is always provided by metal oxide varistor block producer can be removed, so as to reducing the element cost.Varistor block generally is solid cylindrical columns shape, has metallized contact coating on the axial end of its circle, and have passivating coating on the outer surface of its cylinder, and passivating coating comprises epoxy resin or glass, perhaps the electrical insulation ring that assembles separately.By avoiding the external flashover problem between contact surface, passivating coating can make piezo-resistance be used for its whole capacitance, and provides passivating coating also favourable to the producer, and it can make the producer classify and the quality control operation.But, provide passivating coating to increase the manufacturing cost of varistor block greatly.
If can save passivating coating, then also can save of the added restriction of the shape of varistor block to passivating coating.In the method that passivating coating is provided with economic way on the varistor block is spray epoxy or glass material on the surface at varistor block, in stove, toast piezo-resistance then, be cured on the piezo-resistance surface up to resin, perhaps be sintered on the piezo-resistance body up to glass material.This method hinders produces the varistor block that has through hole up to now, because for the piezo-resistance producer, has through hole and has being fabricated to it and having increased additional difficulty of varistor block of the effective passivating coating on through-hole surfaces.
By saving passivating coating, can have for example varistor block of axially extending bore of through hole with rational cost manufacturing.Then, can make the stacked body of this varistor block keep contact Face to face by means of the electric insulation bar that is fixed to suitably on the terminal of end between the terminal of end, and the present invention propose to utilize this structure.In GB-A-2073965, proposed before comprising the surge arrester that is maintained at varistor block in the stacked structure and that supported by the electric insulation bar, but do not have manufactured with axially extending bore.The surge arrester that other wherein varistor block has the support bar that extends by the hole in the piece proposed in US-A-4262318, EP-A-0141239, US-A-4825188 and WO-A-95/10846.The surge arrester of US-A-4262318, EP-A-0141239 is the discharger of the ceramic case build mentioned in the past, and wherein the physical length of discharger is provided by ceramic shell.The surge arrester of US-A-4825188 has and the similar structure of later described enforcement surge arrester of the present invention, but US-A-4825188 does not disclose or suggestion the present invention.Same WO-A-95/10846 has disclosed a kind of similar surge arrester, but does not disclose or suggestion the present invention.
According to the present invention, the piezoresistive element of non-passivation piles up between the terminal of end by means of being held aspectant contact by through hole in the piezoresistive element and the electric insulation bar that is fixed on the terminal of end, the size of described through hole and bar is such: make to have the gap between the circumferential surface of the surface of bar and through hole, and silastic material is filled in the gap of the outer surface extension that exists between bar and the varistor block and center on varistor block, and silastic material is as the passivating coating of varistor block.
Silastic material can be injected into liquid form, and just curable and become solid without foreign intervention.The exterior configuration of the silastic material on the outside of discharger can comprise whole shirt rim, so that the external trace distance between the end terminal of increase discharger, and as the waterproof shirt rim.In addition, silicon rubber on the outside of discharger can have the ring-shaped cylinder surface and the independent shell body that has the shirt rim can be provided on discharger, it is for example made by the thermal contraction polymeric material, perhaps make by the elastomeric material that mechanically discharges, perhaps make, though it seems that from the viewpoint of the manufacturing step that will need to add this is not best by molded at the scene plastic material.
The present invention also is extended for the method for making a kind of surge arrester, may further comprise the steps: by means of passing the electric insulation bar through the through hole of the aligning in the varistor block and described bar is fixed on the terminal of end and between the terminal of end, fixes the varistor block of a plurality of non-passivations, described through hole in varistor block is greater than the cross section of bar, inject the fluid silicone rubber material in the gap between the through-hole surfaces in bar and varistor block and in the gap of the outer surface of the varistor block that piles up, the silicon materials of described liquid state are selected like this, make it have the surface passivation function, and make silastic material to solidify varistor block.
Through hole in varistor block is preferably axial, because this makes bar can be positioned at the center of stacked varistor block, and can be so that utilize the end of threaded bolt barre to be connected on the terminal.What but, be not difficult to expect is to utilize the connected mode of wiring pillar or lock(ing) bolt formula that terminal is linked to each other with through rod.Bar is preferably axial, but also can be non axial, and can utilize more than one bar.But, for simplicity, preferably use the axial stem or the binding post of the threaded bolt of formation at center to link to each other with the discharger terminal.
Can reduce the cost of discharger element by means of the varistor block that uses non-passivation.Through rod uses suitable mounting clip, and varistor block can easily be screwed on its center pole, and is fixed on and is screwed in and/or is pressed between the end terminal on the end of bar.Then, can be placed on the parts of such formation in the suitable mould,, and from mould, take out final surge arrester so that inject silastic material.Compare with the surge arrester described in the GB-A-2188199, production cost can reduce.
In this discharger structure, support bar can advantageously be stretched, for example the end terminal by accommodation zone screw rod suitably and/or by comprising a pre-load means (for example more than one Belleville pad) in the heap of the piezo-resistance between the terminal of end.Mechanical force when this pre-load means helps surge arrester to bear operation.
The experiment that we carry out shows, the silastic material of suitable electric grade, for example SILOPREN that obtains from Bayer
TMLSR can realize the passivation on varistor block surface satisfactorily.The EPDM that discloses in US-A-4825188 is not the suitable material that is used for this purpose.
The above-mentioned advantage with other of the present invention has proposed in the appended claims, and will see clearlyer from the detailed description of carrying out below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 a is the perspective view of the metal oxide varistor block of routine, cuts open so that represent its structure from the centre;
Fig. 1 b is the similar perspective view of the metal oxide varistor block of a kind of example of using in enforcement of the present invention;
Fig. 2 a is the perspective view of the surge arrester of the example that constitutes in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, cuts open so that the inner member that exposes its internal structure and axially separate from the centre;
Fig. 2 b is the longitudinal section of the surge arrester shown in Fig. 2 a;
Fig. 3 a represents the discharger core components, and it is in the interstage in the manufacturing of the surge arrester shown in Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 b, and represents liquid silastic injection molding system half;
Fig. 3 b represents to be received in the core components in the model, prepares to apply the part of the upper die and inject liquid silicon rubber material;
Fig. 4 is the cutaway view of the surge arrester that originally carries out an invention; And
Fig. 5 is the figure that takes apart of the surge arrester of Fig. 4.
Referring to Fig. 1 a and Fig. 1 b, the structure of the metal oxide piezo-resistance that Fig. 1 a explanation is conventional, it is used for for example surge arrester with polymeric shells of GB-A-2188199, or before being used for and the current surge arrester with ceramic shell, Fig. 1 b represents to be used for the structure of the metal oxide piezo-resistance of embodiments of the invention.As shown in the figure, conventional piezo-resistance has the solid-state ceramic body of for example being made by zinc oxide 1, has metallization contact portion 2 at the axial end of ceramic body 1, has passivating coating 3 on the periphery of body 1.As previously mentioned, if there is not passivating coating 3, piezo-resistance can not be used under its whole electrical capacity, so that along the outside of the piezo-resistance body 1 between the edge of metallization contact surface 2 flashover does not take place.Do not having under the situation of passivating coating, the electric strength of piezo-resistance is the most weak at its outer surface.The piezo-resistance of Fig. 1 b does not have passivating coating, and is formed with central axis through hole 4.
Fig. 2 a and 2b represent a kind of exemplary surge arrester that constitutes in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.A plurality of metal oxide piezoresistive elements 15 shown in Fig. 1 b are stacked between the end terminal 13 end-to-end by means of electric insulation constrictor 11, constrictor 11 is for example made by the plastic material that glass is strengthened, its through hole 4 by piezoresistive element 15 extends, and is connected with end terminal 13 by screw thread.Can provide the soft metal that for example is made of copper contact disc between the varistor block 4 and between end varistor block heap and the end terminal 13, be used to disperse when end terminal 13 is fastened on the end of constrictor 11 and the pressure load that produces, and be used to guarantee tight seal between adjacent electrical contact surface.
Axially extending bore 4 in piezoresistive element 15 makes to have the gap between varistor block and bar in the whole length of varistor block heap greater than the cross sectional dimensions of bar 11.Will more specifically illustrate as following, and shown in Fig. 2 b, when parts that varistor block 15, contact disc 14, bar 11 and end terminal 13 constitute are positioned in the model of the silastic material that wherein is injected with fluid state, this gap is just filled up by silicon rubber fluid 12, described model comprises and is used for the cavity of receiving-member by this way, make molded fluid not only be injected into the surge arrester center, and also be injected with fluid in the exterior circumferential of parts, when it solidifies, just form the integral outer housing 16 with skirt section of discharger.Have externally threaded terminal stud 17 and be threaded into, use the end terminal 13 of screw thread and discharger to be connected, be used to make discharger to link to each other with relevant equipment.
Shown in Fig. 2 b, cover the inner surface of the through hole in the varistor block with silastic material, and also cover its exterior cylindrical surface.The test that we carry out shows, not the metal oxide piezo-resistance of passivation when being surrounded by the silicon rubber of suitable brand fully, the SILOPHREN of Bayer for example
TMLSR, its performance is identical or basic identical with the piezo-resistance of making in a conventional manner with surface passivation.
Surge arrester shown in Fig. 2 b has no gap first space or that do not have inner resident gas solid state structure.Because the plastics constrictor of strengthening 11, it has and the similar big intensity of the surge arrester of GB-A-2188199.It seems that from the viewpoint of electricity it can satisfy all standard-requireds.In addition, as described below, to compare with the surge arrester of GB-A-2188199, it can be manufactured more economically.
Fig. 3 a and the molded operation of 3b explanation silicon rubber, the molded technology of its measured silicon rubber.Fig. 3 a represents the parts 21 that are made of varistor block 15 assembling between end terminal 13 and that keep by constrictor 11 and contact disc 14, and also expression is applicable to the Lower Half 23 of the injection mould of receiving-member 21, and the first half of mould is the mirror image of Lower Half.Mould 23 has cavity 30, and its shape makes and can receive the parts 21 shown in Fig. 3 b, and has the shoulder 13 ' of end terminal 13 that is assembled in the axial end portion of cavity with sealing means.Decanting point 24 is provided at an end of mould, is used to make silastic material can be injected into cavity body of mould, and provides at the other end of mould and to emit stomion 25.For making the silicon rubber that injects cavity body of mould enter the inside of parts 21, end terminal 13 has at the inner shaft of end terminal 13 to the lip-deep injection cast gate 22 that is the radial passage form (in front not shown).Cavity body of mould 30 also has the part 31 of the outer skirt 16 that is used to form final surge arrester.
Discharger according to above-mentioned design and manufacturing has following many advantages:
(i) the simple structure of discharger makes and can utilize full automatic mounting technology;
(ii) metal oxide discharger cost is lower, because need not provide passivating coating by its producer;
(iii) discharger can have high mechanical strength, and this depends on the mechanical strength that the varistor block that piles up is remained on the constrictor between the terminal of end;
(iv) only use a kind of electrical insulating material, i.e. silicon rubber;
(v) the number of elements of discharger needs when assembling is less, thereby reduces the required material and the deposit of element;
(vi) do not need the stove cured;
(, thereby reduced labour costs vii) owing to reduced operator's processing;
(fire hazard reduced when viii) discharger broke down, because silicon rubber is not supported burning, and flammable constrictor not only is comprised in the silicon rubber, and is comprised in the non-flammable metal oxide piezo-resistance;
(ix) when when opening square discharge in insulation device (TISA), can increase axial compression, so that the tension load of compensation overhead wire; And
(x) its mounting technology can easily be adjusted, so that adapt to mechanical franchise.
Describe the present invention with reference to specific embodiment above, should be appreciated that not break away from design of the present invention and scope, can make many improvement and remodeling.For example, as at the discharger described in the GB-A-2188199, can in the middle of varistor block, disperse to be provided with the metal spacing block.In addition, can provide more than one constrictor, particularly have the bigger discharger of larger-diameter varistor block.In addition, though silicon rubber is the optimal material that is used to make discharger at present, other material that the present inventor does not know as yet also may be proved to be suitable.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 represent embodiments of the invention, wherein also be arranged on dispersedly in the middle of the piezoresistive element as the spacing block of radiator, and comprise the precommpression parts in discharger.As shown in the figure, metal oxide piezoresistive element 50 and radiator/spacing block 51 for example made of aluminum are screwed onto on the glass rod pulling force pressurizing unit (pull extrusion) 52.The end terminal 53 and 54 that is made into to be used to be pressed in the steel on the glass rod 52 as shown in the figure is provided, and makes and comprise the pre-compression device 55 that comprises the Belleville pad in this structure.In when assembling, element is assemblied in situation on the glass rod pulling force pressurizing unit 53 by loosely under, under pressure, put into this assembly, make compression Belleville pad 55, and the end terminal is crimped on the glass rod 52.After this assembly is inserted mould, according to above-mentioned injection silicon rubber, make gap between the inner surface that is full of glass rod 52 and piezo-resistance and radiator/isolated component, thereby on discharger, form housing 56 with outside shirt rim.
Whole mechanical loads that center glass rod pulling force pressurizing unit 52 carrying surge arresters stand in use, and glass rod by means of provide pre-compression device 55 under pressure by prestrain, make to surpass the peak load of between the circuit installation period, expecting.If glass rod pulling force pressurizing unit by prestrain and so as to compensating the compression of piezo-resistance assembly, can omit pre-compression device 55 in its elastic limit.Preload must be enough big, makes its quantity that surpasses the static load of any transmission line equal maximum axial pressure under normal circumstances required on piezo-resistance.
Claims (13)
1. electric surge arrester, comprise the piezoresistive element heap, it is maintained between the terminal of end by means of the electric insulation bar that passes the through hole in the piezoresistive element and be fixed on the terminal of end, described through hole is greater than the cross section of bar, and molded plastic material, it is filled in the space that exists between bar and the piezoresistive element and the outer surface that centers on the varistor block that piles up extended, piezoresistive element is made into to make on its surfaces externally and internally does not have passivating coating, and described molded plastic material is selected such that it provides deactivation function.
2. electric surge arrester as claimed in claim 1, wherein said moulding of plastics materials is a silastic material.
3. electric surge arrester as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein piezoresistive element is the ceramic component that metal oxide for example comprises zinc oxide.
4. electric surge arrester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electric insulation bar is in preloading under the pulling force in the discharger, for example by means of the device that preloads that is comprised in the discharger structure.
5. electric surge arrester as claimed in claim 1 also comprises the shell body with shirt rim.
6. electric surge arrester as claimed in claim 5, wherein the shell body utilization with shirt rim of discharger is integrally made along the molded plastic material of the external surface peripheral extension of stacked varistor block.
7. electric surge arrester as claimed in claim 1, wherein said bar utilize threaded bolt to be connected with at least one end terminal, perhaps are connected with it by means of the end terminal is pressed onto on the bar.
8. electric surge arrester as claimed in claim 1 comprises being distributed in the central metallic gasket element of piezoresistive element.
9. method that is used to make electric surge arrester, said method comprising the steps of: by means of passing the electric insulation bar through the through hole of the aligning in the varistor block and described bar is fixed on the terminal of end and between the terminal of end, fixes a plurality of piezoresistive elements, described through hole in piezoresistive element is greater than the cross section of bar, and in the gap between the through-hole surfaces in bar and piezoresistive element and in the gap of the outer surface of the piezoresistive element that piles up the injected plastic moulding material, piezoresistive element is made into, there is not passivating coating on its surfaces externally and internally, and molded plastic material is selected, makes it that deactivation function is provided.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein plastic material comprises silastic material.
11. as claim 9 or 10 described methods, wherein the injection in the external surface peripheral plastic molded material of piezoresistive element realizes by this way: make that the shell body of discharger with shirt rim is integrally formed.
12. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein piezoresistive element, bar and end terminal at first are assembled into parts, and the parts of Xing Chenging are loaded in the cavity of mould like this, and plastic molded material is injected in the mould with the form of fluid.
13. method as claimed in claim 9 wherein realizes pole pair fixing in the end terminal by this way, makes described bar be under the pulling force.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9703861.6 | 1997-02-25 | ||
| GBGB9703861.6A GB9703861D0 (en) | 1997-02-25 | 1997-02-25 | Improvements relating to electrical surge arresters |
| GB9724126.9 | 1997-11-14 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN98804519A Division CN1253656A (en) | 1997-02-25 | 1998-02-25 | Improvements relating to electrical surge arresters |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101320606A true CN101320606A (en) | 2008-12-10 |
Family
ID=10808249
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008100877094A Pending CN101320606A (en) | 1997-02-25 | 1998-02-25 | Electrical surge arresters |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101320606A (en) |
| GB (2) | GB9703861D0 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9520709B2 (en) | 2014-10-15 | 2016-12-13 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Surge protection device having two part ceramic case for metal oxide varistor with isolated thermal cut off |
| CN106346664A (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-01-25 | 垂德尔塔麦登沙有限公司 | Method and device for producing overvoltage protector, and vervoltage protector manufactured according to the method. |
-
1997
- 1997-02-25 GB GBGB9703861.6A patent/GB9703861D0/en active Pending
- 1997-11-14 GB GBGB9724126.9A patent/GB9724126D0/en active Pending
-
1998
- 1998-02-25 CN CNA2008100877094A patent/CN101320606A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9520709B2 (en) | 2014-10-15 | 2016-12-13 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Surge protection device having two part ceramic case for metal oxide varistor with isolated thermal cut off |
| CN106346664A (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-01-25 | 垂德尔塔麦登沙有限公司 | Method and device for producing overvoltage protector, and vervoltage protector manufactured according to the method. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9703861D0 (en) | 1997-04-16 |
| GB9724126D0 (en) | 1998-01-14 |
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Effective date of registration: 20081114 Address after: West Sussex Applicant after: Bob Thorpe Industry Co., Ltd. Co-applicant after: Tyco Electronics (UK) Co., Ltd. Address before: West Sussex Applicant before: Bowthrope Industries Limited |
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Open date: 20081210 |