CN101316252A - A Demodulation Method for Uniform Binary Modulation Signal - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于统一二元调制信号的解调方法包括一个窄带数字带通滤波器和一个门限检测器:窄带数字带通滤波器由一个或多个IIR数字滤波器基本环节级联构成,每个基本环节利用一对谐振频率非常靠近的零点和极点产生相频特性曲线上的零群时延点,可以在去除噪声的同时突出信号的调制特征;门限检测器直接通过设定的或自动调整的电平值对该窄带数字带通滤波器输出端对应于信号调制特征的幅度跳变进行判决,来解调出统一二元调制信号的二进制调制信息。
A demodulation method for unifying binary modulated signals includes a narrow-band digital band-pass filter and a threshold detector: the narrow-band digital band-pass filter is composed of one or more IIR digital filter basic links cascaded, each The first basic link uses a pair of zeros and poles with very close resonant frequencies to generate a zero-group delay point on the phase-frequency characteristic curve, which can highlight the modulation characteristics of the signal while removing noise; the threshold detector is directly adjusted by setting or automatically The level value of the narrow-band digital band-pass filter is used to judge the amplitude jump corresponding to the signal modulation characteristic, so as to demodulate the binary modulation information of the unified binary modulation signal.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明是一种用于统一二元调制信号的数字解调方法,属于数字信息传输的技术领域。The invention relates to a digital demodulation method for unifying binary modulation signals, which belongs to the technical field of digital information transmission.
背景技术 Background technique
国内外对于高效通信技术的研究多受限于具体的应用背景或领域目标,侧重于某个实际系统(如第三代移动通信)或具体指标(如码率),对具有公认理论依据并得到实践检验因而风险很低的新技术如正交频分复用(OFDM)调制、超宽带(UWB)传输、多天线(MIMO)空时/空时频编码等新技术研究很热,成果颇丰。但对于尚未取得共识的新概念或风险较高的潜在技术,则少有问津或无人深究。例如,对于由美国Harold R.Walker博士等提出的一系列高频谱利用率的超窄带(UNB:Ultra Narrow Bandwidth)调制/解调专利技术,多依据“常识”或仅凭“经验”便轻易否定,少有人能解释清楚(包括Walker本人)其是否可行的理论依据。而根据我们多年来的潜心研究,发现实现能够实用化的UNB通信的关键,在于如何实现与各种小角度调制波形相适应的特殊滤波器。Research on efficient communication technology at home and abroad is mostly limited by specific application backgrounds or domain goals, focusing on a certain actual system (such as third-generation mobile communication) or specific indicators (such as code rate), which has a recognized theoretical basis and has been obtained. New technologies such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation, ultra-wideband (UWB) transmission, multi-antenna (MIMO) space-time/space-time-frequency coding and other new technologies that have been tested in practice and therefore have very low risk are very hot and fruitful. . But for new concepts or potential technologies with higher risks that have not yet reached a consensus, little or no one cares about them. For example, for a series of ultra-narrowband (UNB: Ultra Narrow Bandwidth) modulation/demodulation patented technologies proposed by Dr. Harold R. Walker in the United States, they are easily denied based on "common sense" or "experience". , few people can explain clearly (including Walker himself) the theoretical basis of whether it is feasible. According to our painstaking research over the years, we found that the key to realizing practical UNB communication lies in how to realize special filters suitable for various small-angle modulation waveforms.
Walker基于零群时延滤波器的思想,取得了远高于二进制相移键控(BPSK)调制的频谱效率和不劣于BPSK的功率效率,所发明的高品质因数(Q值)的模拟带通滤波器(图1,见H.R.Walker:Ultra Narrow Band Modulation Textbook,2006,http://www.vmsk.org/)的效果虽然最近得到了美国贝尔实验室的证实,但由于其采用石英晶体实现,而晶体滤波器的中心频率一旦设定就不可调,不仅灵活性差,容易受温度和震动等影响,而且难以数字化集成,特别是他的所谓“零群时延”理论并不圆满;同时,长期以来,人们(包括Walker)都认为传统的数字滤波器,无论是有限冲激响应(FIR)滤波器还是无限冲激响应(IIR)滤波器结构,都无法用于超窄带通信。Based on the idea of zero group delay filter, Walker has achieved a spectral efficiency much higher than that of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation and a power efficiency not inferior to that of BPSK. The analog band with high quality factor (Q value) invented by Walker Although the effect of the pass filter (Figure 1, see H.R.Walker: Ultra Narrow Band Modulation Textbook, 2006, http://www.vmsk.org/) has been recently confirmed by Bell Laboratories in the United States, it is realized by using quartz crystal , and the center frequency of the crystal filter cannot be adjusted once it is set, not only has poor flexibility, is easily affected by temperature and vibration, but also is difficult to digitally integrate, especially his so-called "zero group delay" theory is not perfect; at the same time, It has long been believed (including Walker) that traditional digital filters, whether finite impulse response (FIR) or infinite impulse response (IIR) filter structures, cannot be used for ultra-narrowband communications.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
技术问题:本发明的目的是设计一种统一的二元调制信号的解调方法,其包含一种能够在功能表现上逼近模拟的石英晶体滤波器的数字滤波器,和一个实现统一二元调制信息解调的门限检测器。该滤波器与UNB常用的小角度调制特别是我们所提出的扩展的二元相位调制(EBPSK,见“统一的二元相位调制解调方法”,发明专利申请号:200610040767.2,公开号:CN1889550A)和统一的二元正交偏移键控(UBSK,见“统一的二元正交偏移键控调制和解调方法”,发明专利申请号:200710025203.6,公开号:101094209A)调制信号波形相配合,以便尽可能地保持信号特征并最大限度地滤除噪声,并简化接收机结构。Technical problem: the purpose of this invention is to design a unified demodulation method for binary modulated signals, which includes a digital filter capable of approaching analog quartz crystal filters in functional performance, and a unified binary Threshold detector for demodulation of modulated information. This filter is compatible with the small-angle modulation commonly used in UNB, especially the extended binary phase modulation (EBPSK, see "Unified binary phase modulation and demodulation method", invention patent application number: 200610040767.2, publication number: CN1889550A) proposed by us Cooperate with the modulated signal waveform of unified binary orthogonal offset keying (UBSK, see "Unified binary orthogonal offset keying modulation and demodulation method", invention patent application number: 200710025203.6, publication number: 101094209A) , in order to keep the signal characteristics as much as possible and filter the noise to the greatest extent, and simplify the receiver structure.
技术方案:无论超窄带调制使用哪种具体的方法实现,其面临的一个共同问题就是要让相位突变信号能够通过窄带滤波器。观察图1所示的3种Walker零群时延滤波器,不难发现石英晶体在其中至关重要。但是,当Walker在其UNB系统的发送和接收端同时采用基于石英晶体的所谓“零群时延”(Zero Group Delay)滤波器时,则受限于石英晶体自身参数的精度、稳定度和漂移,收发频差不可避免,这对于带宽“超窄”的UNB系统的性能,载频或中心频率的偏移往往是灾难性的。加之石英晶体一旦确定,其滤波器中心频率的可调范围就极小且不易或不宜受控于电调谐,因而可靠性、稳定性和灵活性都很差。但是,长期以来,人们认为石英晶体具有的某些特殊性质正是超窄带通信中所必须的,因而传统的FIR或IIR结构的数字滤波器是不可能完成超窄带滤波的。Technical solution: No matter which specific method is used for ultra-narrowband modulation, a common problem is to allow phase mutation signals to pass through narrowband filters. Observing the three types of Walker zero-group delay filters shown in Figure 1, it is not difficult to find that quartz crystals are crucial among them. However, when Walker uses the so-called "Zero Group Delay" (Zero Group Delay) filter based on quartz crystal at the sending and receiving ends of its UNB system, it is limited by the accuracy, stability and drift of the quartz crystal's own parameters. , the transceiver frequency difference is unavoidable, which is often catastrophic for the performance of the UNB system with "ultra-narrow" bandwidth, and the offset of the carrier frequency or the center frequency. In addition, once the quartz crystal is determined, the adjustable range of the center frequency of the filter is extremely small and it is difficult or unsuitable to be controlled by electrical tuning, so the reliability, stability and flexibility are very poor. However, for a long time, it has been believed that some special properties of quartz crystals are necessary for ultra-narrowband communication, so it is impossible for traditional FIR or IIR structure digital filters to complete ultra-narrowband filtering.
然而,我们注意到当石英晶体的串联和并联谐振点非常靠近时,其幅频和相频合成曲线恰好与Walker给出的滤波器幅频和相频曲线相吻合。若考虑将晶体滤波器数字化实现,则该串、并联谐振点就分别对应于滤波器的零、极点,通过设计有N对非常靠近的共轭零、极点的IIR滤波器,即可完成Walker晶体滤波器的数字化实现。However, we noticed that when the series and parallel resonance points of the quartz crystal are very close, its amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency synthesis curves coincide exactly with the filter amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency curves given by Walker. If the digital realization of the crystal filter is considered, the series and parallel resonance points correspond to the zero and pole points of the filter respectively. By designing an IIR filter with N pairs of very close conjugate zero and pole points, the Walker crystal can be completed. Digital implementation of the filter.
本发明的一种用于统一二元调制信号的解调方法基于一个用于去除噪声并同时突出信号调制特征的窄带数字带通滤波器,和一个实现统一二元调制信息解调的门限检测器;所述的窄带数字带通滤波器由一个或多个IIR数字滤波器基本环节级联构成,每个基本环节利用一对谐振频率非常靠近的零点和极点产生相频特性曲线上的零群时延点,但该基本环节的中心频率与信号载频不一致,且其偏移量由统一二元调制信号的调制角度与该滤波器基本环节的相频特性相配合来确定,使得在滤除噪声的同时能够把输入信号的调制角度变化突出为输出信号的幅度跳变;所述的统一二元调制信息解调的门限检测器直接通过设定的或自动调整的门限对该幅度跳变进行高低电平判决,来解调出统一二元调制信号的二进制调制信息。A demodulation method for a unified binary modulation signal of the present invention is based on a narrow-band digital bandpass filter for removing noise and simultaneously highlighting signal modulation characteristics, and a threshold for realizing demodulation of unified binary modulation information Detector; described narrow-band digital bandpass filter is formed by cascading of one or more IIR digital filter basic links, and each basic link utilizes a pair of resonant frequency very close zero and pole to produce zero on the phase-frequency characteristic curve Group delay point, but the center frequency of the basic link is not consistent with the signal carrier frequency, and its offset is determined by matching the modulation angle of the unified binary modulation signal with the phase-frequency characteristics of the basic link of the filter, so that in While filtering out noise, the modulation angle change of the input signal can be highlighted as the amplitude jump of the output signal; the threshold detector for demodulation of the unified binary modulation information directly adjusts the amplitude through the set or automatically adjusted threshold The high and low levels are judged by jumping to demodulate the binary modulation information of the unified binary modulation signal.
有益效果:本发明的优点如下:Beneficial effect: the advantages of the present invention are as follows:
①可在保持信号特征的同时很好地去除噪声。① It can remove noise well while maintaining signal characteristics.
本发明所提出的数字滤波机理不仅滤除噪声的能力强(因为带宽窄),而且能够很好地保持信号特征(因为具有特殊的相频特性),这一性质对于雷达、声呐、图像处理等都特别重要,但却为常规滤波器的致命弱点。同时,这从频域上理解,就意味着该滤波器对调制信号所呈现的带宽要大于(甚至远远大于)其对于噪声和干扰所呈现的带宽,从而为拓展香农信道容量拓展提供了实际例证。The digital filtering mechanism proposed by the present invention not only has strong ability to filter out noise (because of narrow bandwidth), but also can keep signal characteristics well (because of special phase-frequency characteristics), which is very useful for radar, sonar, image processing, etc. are particularly important, but are the Achilles' heel of conventional filters. At the same time, this understanding from the frequency domain means that the bandwidth presented by the filter to the modulated signal is larger (or even much larger) than the bandwidth presented to noise and interference, thus providing practical support for expanding the Shannon channel capacity. illustration.
②适用面宽。本专利申请所发明的数字滤波器零点、极点个数不限,且载频与滤波器中心频率的偏差可以根据不同的系统要求进行设定,即可在很大的自由度下控制滤波性能,以适应不同的信道环境。② Applicable surface width. The number of zeros and poles of the digital filter invented by this patent application is not limited, and the deviation between the carrier frequency and the center frequency of the filter can be set according to different system requirements, and the filtering performance can be controlled with a large degree of freedom. To adapt to different channel environments.
③简化了接收机结构。③ Simplifies the structure of the receiver.
本发明提出的特殊滤波器与EBPSK、UBSK等小角度调制信号相配合,在对应于“1”的调制波形的起始处产生过冲,其幅度明显高于原始的相位非跳变处波形,因而可以直接通过幅度检测来判决,大大简化了“统一的二元相位调制解调方法”专利申请(公开号:CN1889550A)中提出的以锁相环为核心的接收机解调结构。由于锁相环不参加EBPSK信号的解调,可以直接选用(或集成)已经广为应用的锁相环芯片(即图7虚线框内容),因而整个EBPSK传输系统可实现全数字化处理,特别有利于接收机的集成电路芯片集成和简化。The special filter proposed by the present invention cooperates with small-angle modulation signals such as EBPSK and UBSK, and overshoots at the beginning of the modulation waveform corresponding to "1", and its amplitude is obviously higher than that of the original phase non-jump waveform. Therefore, the decision can be made directly through amplitude detection, which greatly simplifies the receiver demodulation structure with the phase-locked loop as the core proposed in the patent application for "unified binary phase modulation and demodulation method" (publication number: CN1889550A). Since the phase-locked loop does not participate in the demodulation of the EBPSK signal, it can directly select (or integrate) the widely used phase-locked loop chip (that is, the content of the dotted line box in Figure 7), so the entire EBPSK transmission system can realize full digital processing, which is especially beneficial IC chip integration and simplification of the receiver.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是Walker发明的3种零群时延滤波器的电路图。Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of three kinds of zero-group delay filters invented by Walker.
图2是Walker发明的零群时延滤波器的典型幅频特性和相频特性曲线。Figure 2 is a typical amplitude-frequency characteristic and phase-frequency characteristic curve of the zero group delay filter invented by Walker.
图3和图4分别是石英晶体的并、串联谐振时的幅频和相频特性示意曲线。Figure 3 and Figure 4 are schematic curves of the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics of the parallel and series resonance of the quartz crystal, respectively.
图5是本发明所提出的滤波器的结构框图。Fig. 5 is a structural block diagram of the filter proposed by the present invention.
图6是本发明所提出的滤波器的幅频特性和相频特性曲线。Fig. 6 is the amplitude-frequency characteristic and phase-frequency characteristic curves of the filter proposed by the present invention.
图7是EBPSK信号通过本滤波器前后的时域波形:(a)为原始EBPSK信号,(b)、(c)和(d)分别为载频位于滤波器中心频率的左侧、右侧和严格一致(即通常人们所理解和采用的“准确调谐”)。Figure 7 is the time-domain waveform of the EBPSK signal before and after passing through the filter: (a) is the original EBPSK signal, (b), (c) and (d) are the carrier frequencies located on the left, right and right sides of the center frequency of the filter respectively Strictly consistent (i.e., "exact tuning" as commonly understood and adopted by people).
图8是简化的超窄带接收机结构图。Fig. 8 is a simplified structural diagram of an ultra-narrowband receiver.
图9是本发明所提出的滤波器对EBPSK高效调制系统的性能提升实验结果,以误码率曲线来验证。Fig. 9 is the experimental result of the performance improvement of the filter proposed by the present invention to the EBPSK high-efficiency modulation system, which is verified by the bit error rate curve.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
图2为Walker给出的零群时延滤波器的幅频和相频曲线,图3和图4分别为石英晶体发生并联和串联谐振时的幅频、相频特性曲线示意图,显然当串、并联谐振点很靠近时,晶体的幅频和相频合成曲线恰好与Walker给出的滤波器的幅频和相频曲线吻合。若考虑将该晶体滤波器数字化实现,则该串、并联谐振点就分别对应于数字滤波器的零、极点,我们通过设计有非常靠近的零点和共轭极点的IIR滤波器,即可完成Walker晶体滤波器的数字化实现。Figure 2 is the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency curves of the zero-group delay filter given by Walker, and Figure 3 and Figure 4 are the schematic diagrams of the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristic curves when the parallel and series resonances of the quartz crystal occur, respectively. Obviously, when the series, When the parallel resonance point is very close, the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency synthesis curve of the crystal coincides with the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency curve of the filter given by Walker. If the digital realization of the crystal filter is considered, the series and parallel resonance points correspond to the zero and pole points of the digital filter respectively. We can complete the Walker by designing an IIR filter with very close zero points and conjugate poles. Digital implementation of crystal filters.
本发明以一对共轭零、极点的IIR滤波器作为实施例,其传递函数为:The present invention takes a pair of conjugate zero, the IIR filter of pole as embodiment, and its transfer function is:
其中b0=1、b1=-1.630、b2=1、a1=1.608且a2=-0.996,相应的框图结构如图5所示,幅频和相频特性曲线如图6所示。图7分别给出了滤波器中心频率与EBPSK信号载频有偏差时的各种情况下的滤波结果,其中,图7(a)为原始EBPSK信号,图7(b)为载频位于滤波器中心频率左侧时的滤波结果,图7(c)为载频位于滤波器中心频率右侧时的滤波结果,图7(d)则为载频与滤波器中心频率相吻合时的结果,显然,此时的相位跳变完全被抹掉,0、1信号根本无法区分。Where b 0 =1, b 1 =-1.630, b 2 =1, a 1 =1.608 and a 2 =-0.996, the corresponding block diagram structure is shown in Figure 5, and the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristic curves are shown in Figure 6 . Figure 7 shows the filtering results in various cases when the filter center frequency deviates from the carrier frequency of the EBPSK signal. Among them, Figure 7(a) is the original EBPSK signal, and Figure 7(b) is the The filtering result when the center frequency is on the left side, Fig. 7(c) is the filtering result when the carrier frequency is on the right side of the filter center frequency, Fig. 7(d) is the result when the carrier frequency coincides with the filter center frequency, obviously , the phase jump at this time is completely erased, and the 0 and 1 signals cannot be distinguished at all.
本EBPSK传输系统利用图7(b)所示的结果,即滤波后在相位跳变点处产生过冲现象,采用如图8所示的接收机结构,通过对每个码元起始时刻的波形幅度检测来对“0”、“1”信号进行判决,大大简化了EBPSK接收机的实现。图9给出了接收端加滤波器和不加滤波器的误码率比较,显然,在使用该接收滤波器后,系统的误码率性能有明显改善。This EBPSK transmission system uses the result shown in Figure 7(b), that is, the overshoot phenomenon occurs at the phase jump point after filtering, and adopts the receiver structure shown in Figure 8, by analyzing the initial time of each symbol Waveform amplitude detection is used to judge "0" and "1" signals, which greatly simplifies the realization of EBPSK receiver. Figure 9 shows the comparison of bit error rate with and without filter at the receiving end. Obviously, after using the receiving filter, the bit error rate performance of the system is significantly improved.
本发明提出数字滤波器的中心频率与EBPSK信号的载频应略有偏差,当载频位于滤波器中心频率左侧(低端)时,信号相位跳变点处产生增大的寄生调幅,即相位跳变部分的幅度明显升高;当载频位于滤波器中心频率右侧(高端)时,相位跳变部分的波形幅度则明显降低,对于非跳变部分则幅度保持不变;而如果保持信号载频与数字滤波器中心频率完全一致时,则EBPSK信号的相位跳变就会被完全抹掉,“0”和“1”调制信号根本无法区分。这正是通常人们认为Walker的石英晶体滤波器无法数字化实现的根本原因。The present invention proposes that the center frequency of the digital filter should have a slight deviation from the carrier frequency of the EBPSK signal. When the carrier frequency is on the left side (low end) of the filter center frequency, the signal phase jump point will generate increased parasitic amplitude modulation, namely The amplitude of the phase hopping part increases obviously; when the carrier frequency is on the right side (high end) of the filter center frequency, the waveform amplitude of the phase hopping part decreases obviously, and the amplitude of the non-hopping part remains unchanged; and if the When the signal carrier frequency is exactly the same as the center frequency of the digital filter, the phase jump of the EBPSK signal will be completely erased, and the "0" and "1" modulation signals cannot be distinguished at all. This is the fundamental reason why it is generally believed that Walker's quartz crystal filter cannot be realized digitally.
而载频与滤波器中心频率的偏移量并非可以随便设定,而是要使得EBPSK信号的调制角度与数字滤波器的相频特性相配合。载频应恰好设在相频曲线的下降沿处,利用其瞬态特性使得EBPSK信号通过滤波器的输出在相位跳变处产生过冲现象。The offset between the carrier frequency and the center frequency of the filter cannot be set arbitrarily, but to make the modulation angle of the EBPSK signal match the phase-frequency characteristics of the digital filter. The carrier frequency should be set exactly at the falling edge of the phase-frequency curve, using its transient characteristics to make the output of the EBPSK signal through the filter produce overshoot at the phase jump.
EBPSK信号通过本发明所提出的这种特殊滤波器后,在对应于“1”调制波形起始有跳变的周期处波形产生过冲,幅度明显高于初始相位为0的正弦波部分,因而在精确同步的情况下,我们可以通过幅度检测来直接判决“0”、“1”信号,从而使得接收机结构大大简化。同时,由于利用了该滤波器的瞬态特性,研究表明其能够尽可能地保持信号特征并最大限度地滤除噪声,呈现出较大的信号带宽和较小的噪声带宽,使得信道容量的拓展成为可能,并为滤波理论的发展和通信性能的提升启示了新的途径。After the EBPSK signal passes through the special filter proposed by the present invention, the waveform produces an overshoot at the period corresponding to the initial jump of the "1" modulation waveform, and the amplitude is obviously higher than the sine wave part whose initial phase is 0, so In the case of precise synchronization, we can directly judge "0" and "1" signals through amplitude detection, which greatly simplifies the structure of the receiver. At the same time, due to the use of the transient characteristics of the filter, the research shows that it can maintain the signal characteristics as much as possible and filter the noise to the greatest extent, showing a larger signal bandwidth and a smaller noise bandwidth, which makes the expansion of the channel capacity It becomes possible and reveals a new way for the development of filtering theory and the improvement of communication performance.
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CN102843323A (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2012-12-26 | 苏州东奇信息科技有限公司 | Asymmetric binary modulation signal receiver |
CN102882823A (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2013-01-16 | 苏州东奇信息科技有限公司 | Geometric feature discrimination demodulator based on EBPSK (Extended Binary Phase Shift Keying) signal impulse filter response |
CN101599754B (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2013-02-13 | 苏州东奇信息科技有限公司 | Impact filtering method for strengthening asymmetric binary modulating signal |
CN104639099A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-05-20 | 北京时代民芯科技有限公司 | Method for generating transfer function of filter |
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CN101599754B (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2013-02-13 | 苏州东奇信息科技有限公司 | Impact filtering method for strengthening asymmetric binary modulating signal |
CN102843323A (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2012-12-26 | 苏州东奇信息科技有限公司 | Asymmetric binary modulation signal receiver |
CN102843323B (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2015-04-08 | 苏州东奇信息科技股份有限公司 | Asymmetric binary modulation signal receiver |
CN102882823A (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2013-01-16 | 苏州东奇信息科技有限公司 | Geometric feature discrimination demodulator based on EBPSK (Extended Binary Phase Shift Keying) signal impulse filter response |
CN102882823B (en) * | 2011-07-11 | 2014-10-22 | 苏州东奇信息科技股份有限公司 | Geometric feature discrimination demodulator based on EBPSK (Extended Binary Phase Shift Keying) signal impulse filter response |
CN104639099A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-05-20 | 北京时代民芯科技有限公司 | Method for generating transfer function of filter |
CN104639099B (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2017-10-31 | 北京时代民芯科技有限公司 | A kind of method for producing filter transfer function |
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