CN101309410A - Video coding and decoding architecture - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a video encoding and decoding system structure, which comprises the steps of encoding and decoding to the interested area and/or to the video source under the different illumination condition and also comprises the steps of encoding and decoding which can strengthen the security of the video sequence image information. The encoding quality in the different areas can be flexibly controlled by the different interested degree of the image to the different areas. The different quantizing, converting and entropy encoding methods can be adopted according to the different light beam and the different weather conditions, to support the all weather encoding operation. The security of the video image sequence can be strengthened through utilizing the fragile watermark technology. The video encoding and decoding system structure not only solves the deficiencies of the traditional encoding method, but also ensures the image quality problem in the interested area, and adapts the image encoding problem under the different illumination condition and the weather condition and the security problem of the encoding information.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of video coding and decoding architecture, belong to field of multimedia communication.
Background technology
The video monitoring technology develops along digitlization, networking, intelligentized direction.Video coding and decoding technology is the realization basis and the key technology of video monitoring, and video monitoring is also improving constantly the requirement of the video coding and decoding technology that is applied to safety-security area in continuous development.But also not have at present both at home and abroad special audio frequency and video compressed encoding standard at video surveillance applications, existing international source encoding standard as: MPEG-2, MPEG-4, H.264 wait the specific demand that can't satisfy security protection fully.
Video monitoring equipment is of a great variety at present, the video compression transmission standard of employing and host-host protocol disunity, and the industry user has adopted different developers' product and can only constitute information island one by one, is difficult to be interconnected into more massive network.Adopting unified Audio Video coding Standard is the basis of different system intercommunication, formulation will be one of unified preferred approach of realization standard towards the autonomic tone video standard AVS-S of security protection, have very important significance for standard security protection video monitoring core technology, the healthy sustainable development that promotes the safety monitoring industry.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of video sequence coding/decoding structure, this architecture is passed through interesting area coding/decoding and/or the encoding and decoding to video source under different illumination conditions, and comprise the encoding and decoding that strengthen the video sequence image Information Security, both guaranteed the problem of area-of-interest picture quality, adapt to the image encoding problem under different illumination conditions and the weather conditions again, and the safety issue of coded message.
Realize that the technical scheme that the object of the invention adopts is: a kind of video coding and decoding architecture comprises interesting area coding/decoding and/or the encoding and decoding to video source under different illumination conditions, and comprises the encoding and decoding that strengthen the video sequence image Information Security.
Described encoding and decoding to area-of-interest may further comprise the steps:
(2-1) provide DID, comprise data about the numerical value and the coordinate of pixel with computer-readable format;
(2-2) select area-of-interest, background area and the transition band zone of input digital image, this input digital image is to have removed the redundant and two field picture that obtains of time domain from input video;
(2-3) according at least three priority the input digital image data being carried out priority divides, division methods is: to the input video or view data according to user profile or other Region Segmentation Algorithm, determine area-of-interest, the coordinate range of transition band zone and background area, the DID of area-of-interest has higher priority than area-of-interest with the DID of exterior domain, perhaps the DID in the DID of area-of-interest and transition band zone possesses identical priority, and the DID in transition band zone has higher priority than the DID of background area; The DID of area-of-interest inside is unit with the macro block, the priority height is alternate, the alternate method that adopts fritter alternate of including but not limited to that refers to of the priority of area-of-interest inside height wherein, be fritter different of priority and the adjacent vertical and horizontal of each fritter in the zone, but identical with obliquely fritter;
(2-4) according to the setting of priority, respectively the data after each regional predictive transformation are carried out scalar quantization, the selection of the quantization parameter of zones of different is carried out according to priority, and the view data after the conversion is carried out quantization operation, and transform method comprises discrete cosine transform and wavelet transformation; The method of carrying out according to priority for the selection of the quantization parameter of zones of different is: the total number of grades of quantization parameter and the total number of grades of priority equate, the order of quantization parameter is arranged from high to low, the order of priority is arranged from low to high, and two set are corresponding one by one; Perhaps the order of quantization parameter is arranged from low to high, and the order of priority is arranged from high to low, and two set are corresponding one by one; Can carry out encoding and decoding to digital signal according to general video/image coding system then, comprise motion estimation unit, predicting unit, converter unit, quantifying unit, entropy coding unit etc., wherein need each regional data to be carried out scalar quantization according to the quantized value that step (3) produces in quantifying unit; (2-5) positional information, transition band width information and each regional priority data of record area-of-interest in output code flow.
The described encoding and decoding to video source under different illumination conditions may further comprise the steps:
(3-1) set by the triggering of time, 19:00 to next day 7:00 be set to sequence coding/decoding mode at night, 7:00 is set to sequence coding/decoding mode on daytime to 19:00, judge perhaps that coefficients statistics behind the transform coding and decoding distributes and select, when the transform domain code check just adopts sequence coding/decoding mode at night during greater than a value of setting in advance, other transform domain code check values are then used sequence coding/decoding mode on daytime;
(3-2) daytime, the sequence coding/decoding mode was carried out encoding and decoding by the code stream that encoding and decoding are come out on existing video encoding and decoding standard basis, was used for encoding and decoding scene on daytime when better (be light) image; Night the sequence coding/decoding mode according to discrete cosine transform after the characteristic and the human-eye visual characteristic of coefficient the coefficient block matrix is divided into several frequency bands, frequency band is represented the coefficient frequency of different sizes, also represent dissimilar coefficient frequencies, adopt different quantization parameters to carry out scalar quantization respectively different frequency bands.
Described by utilizing the fragile watermarking technology to strengthen the fail safe of sequence of video images, two steps of extraction that mainly comprise the embedding and the watermark of watermark, wherein by the AC coefficient of amplitude maximum in the piecemeal discrete cosine transform DCT coefficient is made amendment, realize the embedding of watermark, watermarked algorithm steps is as follows:
(4-1) image is carried out 8 * 8 piecemeals, carry out dct transform to every then, quantize, obtain the DC and the AC coefficient of piecemeal through the JPEG quantization table;
(4-2) take 1, the 1} pseudo random sequence is as the watermark information that embeds, the watermark length L=ImgW*ImgH/64 of generation, wherein, ImgW presentation video width, ImgH presentation video height;
(4-3), find the position of the maximum amplitude in the AC coefficient, and note for each piece in the image, be used for embed watermark information, be that each piece embeds the bit in the pseudo random sequence at most, when watermarked, embed the watermark information of varying strength at the piece of different qualities.
Below be that watermark embeds formula:
F′(i，j)＝F(i，j)+α·W(i)(1)
Wherein W (i) is the watermark information that generates, and α is a scale factor, according to the difference of piece characteristic and self adaptation is adjusted size, here itself and the variance of AC coefficient and the mean flow rate of piece is connected.According to human-eye visual characteristic, if the piece that more secretly reaches smooth region is revised the AC coefficient, the result will influence the structure of piece, and human eye identifies easily.Take all factors into consideration the not sentience and the robustness of algorithm, α is according to the variance of piece and the big or small choice of dynamical of the embedded location AC coefficient of wanting:
α＝0.5*log[F(i，1)*var(F(i，2:64))]
If it is not α＜0 just makes α=0,, just watermarked because if α＜0 just represents that this piece may be darker smooth region.Correspondingly, for the more intense piece of activity, corresponding value is just very big, and the watermark information intensity of embedding will be greatly;
The extraction of described watermark, the algorithm according to watermark embeds carries out 8 * 8DCT conversion to the image that is embedded with watermark, quantizes then, extracts the value F of AC coefficient amplitude maximum " (i, j), utilize correlation calculations:
T＝1n∑F″(i，j)*W(i)(3)
As T＞Tg, we just can judge that this image contains watermark information, and Tg can obtain according to experiment, because the peakedness ratio of output response is higher, the selection of Tg has very big redundancy.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1. adopt coding techniques, can control the coding quality of these image-regions flexibly, area-of-interest (as people's face, car plate, vehicle etc.) is adopted the high precision image coded system according to the different interest levels of user to the image zones of different based on the zone; Adopt low precision image encoding mode to satisfy because the particularity of safety monitoring to non-area-of-interest (as the background area), need certain special area is carried out the demand of specific coding during some is used;
2. adopt round-the-clock signal coding technology, when can be under different illumination conditions the video source of safety monitoring being encoded, can both have more stable code efficiency.
3. the employing security technique can utilize the fragile watermarking technology to strengthen the fail safe of sequence of video images;
4. this coding/decoding structure can be realized the improvement of coding techniques to existing video encoding standard by adopting above technology, can satisfy the specific (special) requirements of safety monitoring application to video coding again.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram of video sequence coding architecture.
Fig. 2 is the area dividing schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is for adopting 8 * 8 band segmentation schematic diagrames that divide the frequency band quantization algorithm.
Fig. 4 is that the watermark of DCT territory embeds flow chart.
Embodiment
A kind of video sequence coding/decoding structure, this architecture comprise interesting area coding/decoding and/or the encoding and decoding to video source under different illumination conditions, and comprise the encoding and decoding that strengthen the video sequence image Information Security, as shown in Figure 1.
Encoding and decoding may further comprise the steps to area-of-interest (ROI):
(1) provides DID with computer-readable format, comprise data about the numerical value and the coordinate of pixel;
(2) select the video of input or area-of-interest, background area and the transition band zone of digital picture, the video of this input or digital picture are to have removed the redundant and two field picture that obtains of time domain from input video.To the input video or view data according to user profile or other Region Segmentation Algorithm, determine the coordinate range of area-of-interest, transition band zone and background area.In general, in three parts, outermost be the background area, interior is area-of-interest, placed in the middle is the transition band zone, transition band zone connects background area and area-of-interest, area dividing as shown in Figure 2.
(3) according at least three priority video or the DID of importing carried out the priority division, division methods is: to the input video or view data according to user profile or other Region Segmentation Algorithm, determine area-of-interest, the coordinate range of transition band zone and background area, the video of area-of-interest or DID have higher priority than area-of-interest with the video or the DID of exterior domain, perhaps the video or the DID in the video of area-of-interest or DID and transition band zone possess identical priority, and the video in transition band zone or DID have higher priority than the video or the DID of background area; The DID of area-of-interest inside is unit with the macro block, the priority height is alternate, the alternate method that adopts fritter alternate of including but not limited to that refers to of the priority of area-of-interest inside height wherein, even the fritter of the priority of each fritter and adjacent vertical and horizontal is different in the zone, but identical with obliquely fritter.If the priority parameters of background area is IMP1, the priority parameters of establishing the transition band zone is IMP2, and the priority parameters of area-of-interest is IMP3 and IMP4, wherein:
IMP?1＝1； (I)
IMP1≤IMP2 (II)
IMP2≤IMP3 (III)
IMP3≤IMP4； (IV)
Formula (II) is when getting in-less-than symbol, and transition band regional code quality is better than the background area coding quality; When getting equal symbol, transition band regional code quality equals the background area coding quality.
Formula (III) is when getting in-less-than symbol, and the encoding region of interest quality is better than transition band regional code quality; When getting equal symbol, the encoding region of interest quality equals transition band regional code quality.
Formula (IV) is when getting in-less-than symbol, and there are two kinds of different priority in area-of-interest inside; When getting equal symbol, area-of-interest internal priority unanimity.
(4) according to the setting of priority, respectively the data after each regional predictive transformation are carried out scalar quantization, the selection of the quantization parameter of zones of different is carried out according to priority, and the view data after the conversion is carried out quantization operation, and transform method comprises discrete cosine transform and wavelet transformation; The method of carrying out according to priority for the selection of the quantization parameter of zones of different is: the total number of grades of quantization parameter and the total number of grades of priority equate, the order of quantization parameter is arranged from high to low, the order of priority is arranged from low to high, and two set are corresponding one by one; Perhaps the order of quantization parameter is arranged from low to high, and the order of priority is arranged from high to low, and two set are corresponding one by one.
Wherein owing to every frame initial quantization value in the interface input is determined in encoder, so the quantized value QP1 of background area is known; The quantized value QP2 of transition band, the quantized value QP4 of the quantized value QP3 of dark macro block and white macro block calculates by following method in the area-of-interest:
QP3 is defined as: QP3=QP1/IMP3, wherein IMP3 is known amount, thus QP3 also indirect be known quantity.
QP4 is defined as: QP4=QP1/IMP4, wherein IMP4 is known amount, thus QP4 also indirect be known quantity.
QP2 is defined as: QP2=(QP1-QP3) * dis/ (width+1)+QP3, and wherein, dis is the distance of transition band zone macro block to the area-of-interest border, width is the width in transition band zone.
Can carry out encoding and decoding to digital signal according to general video coding/decoding system then, comprise motion estimation unit, predicting unit, converter unit, quantifying unit, entropy coding unit etc., wherein need each regional data to be carried out scalar quantization according to the quantized value that step (3) produces in quantifying unit;
(5) priority data in positional information, transition band width information and each district of record area-of-interest in output code flow.
The encoding and decoding to video source under different illumination conditions may further comprise the steps:
(1) sets by the triggering of time, 19:00 to next day 7:00 be set to sequential coding at night mode, 7:00 is set to sequential coding on daytime mode to 19:00, judge perhaps that coefficients statistics after the transition coding distributes and select, when the transform domain code check just adopts sequential coding at night mode during greater than a value of setting in advance, other transform domain code check values are then used sequential coding on daytime mode;
(2) sequential coding on daytime mode is carried out encoding and decoding by the code stream that coding is come out on existing video encoding standard basis, the scene on daytime that is used for encoding when better (be light) image; Sequential coding at night mode night monitoring sequence with respect to daytime sequence have more high frequency noise, coding back code check is still bigger, characteristic and human-eye visual characteristic according to coefficient after the discrete cosine transform are divided into several frequency bands with the coefficient block matrix, frequency band is represented the coefficient frequency of different sizes, also represents dissimilar coefficient frequencies.The conversion coefficient block size is 8 * 8 in the existing AVS standard.8 * 8 are divided into two band regions as shown in Figure 3, adopt different quantization parameters to carry out scalar quantization respectively to them.If the quantization parameter in grey block zone is QP1, the white portion quantization parameter is QP2, then makes QP2=QP1+8.Can effectively reduce the non-zero number that quantizes the back front end like this, thereby reduce coding bit rate, and effectively preserve the vision sensitive information.
By utilizing the fragile watermarking technology to strengthen the fail safe of sequence of video images, adopt the embedding of the DCT territory after quantizing being carried out digital watermarking, can reduce algorithm complex, with requirement of real time.Be illustrated in figure 4 as the watermark of a kind of existing DCT territory and embed flow chart, its concrete enforcement principle and step are: each coefficient after obtaining quantizing through dct transform, for ac coefficient, the situation of change of its presentation video, the position of amplitude maximum, mean that the contained amount of information in this position is maximum, corresponding to the primary structure information in the piece of spatial domain.Find that by a large amount of experiments through after the multiple attack, the value of this position remains the amplitude maximum, this shows that the position of amplitude maximum has good robustness.According to these characteristics, if watermark is added in this position,,, select suitable watermark strength guaranteeing that watermark has under the condition of sentience scarcely again according to human-eye visual characteristic, both are combined may make watermark that reasonable robustness is arranged.
By the AC coefficient of amplitude maximum in the piecemeal DCT coefficient is made amendment, realize the embedding of watermark.Watermarked algorithm steps is as follows:
(1) image is carried out 8 * 8 piecemeals, carry out dct transform to every then, quantize, obtain the DC and the AC coefficient of piecemeal through the JPEG quantization table;
(2) take 1, the 1} pseudo random sequence is as the watermark information that embeds, the watermark length L=ImgW*ImgH/64 of generation, wherein, ImgW presentation video width, ImgH presentation video height;
(3) for each piece in the image, find the position of the maximum amplitude in the AC coefficient, and note, be used for embed watermark information.Be that each piece embeds the bit in the pseudo random sequence at most.When watermarked, embed the watermark information of varying strength at the piece of different qualities.
Below be that watermark embeds formula:
F′(i，j)＝F(i，j)+α·W(i)(1)
Here taked the spread spectrum communication principle [1] of cox, wherein W (i) is the watermark information that generates, and α is a scale factor, according to the difference of piece characteristic and self adaptation is adjusted size, here itself and the variance of AC coefficient and the mean flow rate of piece is connected.According to human-eye visual characteristic, if the piece that more secretly reaches smooth region is revised the AC coefficient, the result will influence the structure of piece, and human eye identifies easily.Take all factors into consideration the not sentience and the robustness of algorithm, α is according to the variance of piece and the big or small choice of dynamical of the embedded location AC coefficient of wanting:
α＝0.5*log[F(i，1)*var(F(i，2:64))]
If it is not α＜0 just makes α=0,, just watermarked because if α＜0 just represents that this piece may be darker smooth region.Correspondingly, for the more intense piece of activity, corresponding value is just very big, and the watermark information intensity of embedding will be greatly.
The specific implementation method of the extraction of watermark:
According to the criterion that watermark embeds, the image that is embedded with watermark is carried out 8 * 8DCT conversion, quantize then, extract the value F of AC coefficient amplitude maximum " (i, j), utilize correlation calculations:
T＝1n∑F″(i，j)*W(i)(3)
As T＞Tg, we just can judge that this image contains watermark information.Wherein, Tg can obtain according to experiment.Because the peakedness ratio of output response is higher, the selection of Tg has very big redundancy.
Claims (4)
1. video coding and decoding architecture is characterized in that: this architecture comprises the encoding and decoding of area-of-interest and/or the encoding and decoding to video source under different illumination conditions, and comprises the encoding and decoding that strengthen the video sequence image Information Security.
2. require described a kind of video coding and decoding architecture according to right 1, it is characterized in that: the encoding and decoding to area-of-interest may further comprise the steps:
(2-1) provide DID, comprise data about the numerical value and the coordinate of pixel with computer-readable format;
(2-2) select area-of-interest, background area and the transition band zone of input digital image, this input digital image is to have removed the redundant and two field picture that obtains of time domain from input video;
(2-3) according at least three priority the input digital image data being carried out priority divides, division methods is: to the input video or view data according to user profile or other Region Segmentation Algorithm, determine the coordinate range of area-of-interest, transition band zone and background area, the data of area-of-interest have higher priority than area-of-interest with the data of exterior domain, perhaps regions of interest data and transition band zone possesses identical priority as data, and the data in transition band zone have higher priority than the data of background area; The data of area-of-interest inside are unit with the macro block, the priority height is alternate, the alternate method that adopts fritter alternate of including but not limited to that refers to of the priority of area-of-interest inside height wherein, be fritter different of priority and the adjacent vertical and horizontal of each fritter in the zone, but identical with obliquely fritter;
(2-4) according to the setting of priority, respectively the data after each regional predictive transformation are carried out scalar quantization, the selection of the quantization parameter of zones of different is carried out according to priority, and the view data after the conversion is carried out quantization operation, and transform method comprises discrete cosine transform and wavelet transformation; The method of carrying out according to priority for the selection of the quantization parameter of zones of different is: the total number of grades of quantization parameter and the total number of grades of priority equate, the order of quantization parameter is arranged from high to low, the order of priority is arranged from low to high, and two set are corresponding one by one; Perhaps the order of quantization parameter is arranged from low to high, and the order of priority is arranged from high to low, and two set are corresponding one by one; Then can be according to general video/image coding system to encoding digital signals, comprise motion estimation unit, predicting unit, converter unit, quantifying unit, entropy coding unit etc., wherein need each regional data to be carried out scalar quantization according to the quantized value that step (2-3) produces in quantifying unit;
(2-5) positional information, transition band width information and each regional priority data of record area-of-interest in output code flow.
3. a kind of video coding and decoding architecture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the encoding and decoding to video source under different illumination conditions may further comprise the steps:
(3-1) set by the triggering of time, 19:00 to next day 7:00 be set to sequential coding at night mode, 7:00 is set to sequential coding on daytime mode to 19:00, judge perhaps that coefficients statistics after the transition coding distributes and select, when the transform domain code check just adopts sequential coding at night mode during greater than a value of setting in advance, other transform domain code check values are then used sequential coding on daytime mode;
(3-2) daytime, the sequence coding/decoding mode was carried out encoding and decoding by the code stream that encoding and decoding are come out on existing video encoding and decoding standard basis, was used for encoding and decoding scene on daytime image; Night the sequence coding/decoding mode according to discrete cosine transform after the characteristic and the human-eye visual characteristic of coefficient the coefficient block matrix is divided into several frequency bands, frequency band is represented the coefficient frequency of different sizes, also represent dissimilar coefficient frequencies, adopt different quantization parameters to carry out scalar quantization respectively different frequency bands.
4. a kind of video coding and decoding architecture according to claim 1, it is characterized in that by utilizing the fragile watermarking technology to strengthen the fail safe of sequence of video images, comprise the embedding of watermark and the extraction of watermark, wherein by the AC coefficient of amplitude maximum in the piecemeal DCT coefficient is made amendment, realize the embedding of watermark, watermarked algorithm steps is as follows:
(4-1) image is carried out 8 * 8 piecemeals, carry out dct transform to every then, quantize, obtain the DC and the AC coefficient of piecemeal through the JPEG quantization table;
(4-2) take 1, the 1} pseudo random sequence is as the watermark information that embeds, the watermark length L=ImgW*ImgH/64 of generation, wherein, ImgW presentation video width, ImgH presentation video height;
(4-3) for each piece in the image, find the position of the maximum amplitude in the AC coefficient, and the record be used for embed watermark information, promptly each piece embeds the bit in the pseudo random sequence at most, when watermarked, embed the watermark information of varying strength at the piece of different qualities; It is F ' (i that watermark embeds formula, j)=F (i, j)+α W (i) (1), wherein W (i) is the watermark information that generates, and α is a scale factor, and α is according to the variance of piece and the big or small choice of dynamical of the embedded location AC coefficient of wanting: α=0.5*log[F (i, 1) * var (F (i, 2: 64))], if α＜0 just makes α=0; The extraction of described watermark, the algorithm according to watermark embeds carries out 8 * 8DCT conversion to the image that is embedded with watermark, quantizes then, extracts the value F of AC coefficient amplitude maximum " (i, j), utilize correlation calculations: T=ln ∑ F " (i, j) * W (i).
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| CN102547225A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-04 | 中国移动通信集团公司 | Video monitoring scene judgment method and device, and monitored image encoding method and device |
| CN101504759B (en) * | 2009-03-17 | 2012-07-25 | 陕西科技大学 | Digital image watermark extraction method based on DCT algorithm |
| CN103702058A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-04-02 | 珠海扬智电子科技有限公司 | Macro block state identification method of de-interlacing operation and image processing device |
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| CN102547225B (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2014-12-31 | 中国移动通信集团公司 | Video monitoring scene judgment method and device, and monitored image encoding method and device |
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| CN104867096B (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2020-04-07 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Method and device for dynamically transforming watermark content |
| CN104378635B (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2017-12-05 | 西交利物浦大学 | The coding method of video interested region based on microphone array auxiliary |
| CN104378635A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-02-25 | 西交利物浦大学 | Video region-of-interest (ROI) encoding method based on microphone array assistance |
| CN105407352A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-03-16 | 小米科技有限责任公司 | Image compression method and device, and server |
| CN105719226A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-06-29 | 陕西师范大学 | Non-overlapping block and frequency band equivalent fusion combined watermark embedding and extracting methods |
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