CN101309112A - Bi-terminal bidirectional distant transmission simulation of satellite laser communication and gourd detection apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a bidirectional long distance transmission simulation for two terminals in a laser satellite communication system and the ground testing device thereof. The device uses space dual channel structure to realize the independent positive and reverse direction bidirectional transmission of a laser beam, uses Fourier lens with long focal length to realize the optic Fourier far field transformation, uses a 4-f optic imaging amplifier with multi-level concatenated center sampling to simulate the long distance transmission of the optic field, and uses a scanning two-facet reflective mirror to realize the principle of reverse scanning with the same angle of the dual channels in the optic path to simulate the relative motion between satellites. The bidirectional long distance transmission simulation for two terminals in a laser satellite communication system of the invention can realize the laser beam transformation from the near field distribution to the far field distribution at the space scale of laboratory and can simulate the relative far field motion of two laser communication terminals being tested at the same time. The bidirectional long distance transmission simulation for two terminals in a laser satellite communication system and the ground testing device of the invention are mainly used in the bidirectional aiming, capture and tracking of two satellite laser communication terminals and in the ground testing and validating of the communication performance.

Description

Satellite laser communications bi-terminal bidirectional long distance transmission analog and ground detection

Technical field

The present invention relates to satellite laser communications, particularly a kind of satellite laser communications bi-terminal bidirectional long distance transmission analog and ground detection, be mainly used in the satellite laser communications terminal aiming, catch and the detection and the checking of tracking and communication performance.

Background technology

Satellite laser communications comprises between the satellite, between satellite and other flying bodies, and the free space laser communication between satellite and the ground etc.In order between the laser communication terminal that keeps two relative motions stable communication link to be arranged, laser communication terminal must comprise laser communication and optical acquisition with taking aim at two big subsystems.Because the operating distance of satellite laser communications is hundreds of to tens thousand of kilometers, therefore can not directly finish the Performance Detection and the checking of laser communication terminal in the space, so catching with the detection of taking aim at performance and communication performance and checking assessment of laser communication terminal must be carried out in that ground experiment is indoor.

To the detection and the checking of satellite laser communications terminal capabilities, in the laboratory, all adopt the means and semi physical half method of emulation of parallel light tube abroad.Parallel light tube is used to launch the corrugated of a check measured laser communication terminal or is used to receive the emission light beam of measured laser communication terminal (referring to [1] B.Lauren and G.Planche, " Silexoverview after flight terminals campaign; " Proc.SPIE, Vol.2990, pp.10-22,1997), this scheme can be checked a laser communication terminal separately, but can not carry out directly implementing to follow mutually the detection validation of taking aim at communication performance to two measured laser communication terminals.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of satellite laser communications bi-terminal bidirectional long distance transmission analog and ground detection are provided, guarantee that to solve in limited space, laboratory two satellite laser communications terminals all necessarily are in the other side's optics far-field region and produce mutual translation, with the technique effect of the mutual motion of analog satellite.The optical acquisition that is applied to the satellite laser communications terminal detects and checking with the laboratory of taking aim at performance and long distance laser communication performance, has very big using value for the development and the development of laser space communication terminal.

Technical conceive of the present invention is: the principle based on optical Fourier transformation and the amplification of center sampling 4-f optical imagery realizes the conversion of the near field distribution of light beam to far-field distribution; Utilize the twin-channel structure in space realize light beam independently just, contrary two-way propagation, realize the mutual far field motion of laser communication terminal with the double mirror binary channels with the principle of angle scanning, and adopt the far field simulation of the additional quadratic term phase factor of center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplification system realization nothing of multi-stage cascade.

Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

A kind of satellite laser communications bi-terminal bidirectional long distance transmission analog and ground detection, characteristics are that its formation comprises: the first measured laser communication terminal and the second measured laser communication terminal, the first measured laser communication terminal emission wavelength is λ ₁Laser beam earlier through first fourier transform lens, see through the saturating anti-mirror of first wavelength-division, after first mirror reflects, by the first center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system, first reflecting surface reflection by the scanning double-side speculum, second mirror reflects enters the first emission eyepiece, arrives at the second measured laser communication terminal by second fourier transform lens again by the light beam after the saturating anti-mirroring of second wavelength-division;

Second measured laser communication terminal emission optical maser wavelength is λ ₂Light beam earlier by second fourier transform lens, see through the saturating anti-mirror of second wavelength-division, after the 3rd mirror reflects, by the second center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system, by second reflecting surface reflection of scanning double-side speculum,, enter the second emission eyepiece again through the 4th mirror reflects, light beam by after the saturating anti-mirroring of first wavelength-division arrives at the first measured laser communication terminal by first fourier transform lens again;

The saturating anti-mirror of described first wavelength-division is λ to wavelength ₁Laser high saturating, be λ to wavelength ₂Laser high anti-; The saturating anti-mirror of described second wavelength-division is λ to wavelength ₁Laser high anti-, be λ to wavelength ₂Laser high saturating;

The saturating anti-mirror of described first wavelength-division is placed on before first fourier transform lens, and the saturating anti-mirror of corresponding second wavelength-division is placed on after second fourier transform lens;

Described first speculum and second speculum are for λ ₁Light beam is high anti-, and the 3rd speculum and the 4th speculum are for wavelength X ₂Light beam high anti-;

First mirror surface of described scanning double-side speculum is for λ ₁Light beam is high anti-, and second mirror surface is for λ ₂Light beam is high anti-;

The back focal plane of described first fourier transform lens is positioned on the entrance pupil face of the first center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system, and the back focal plane of second fourier transform lens is positioned on the entrance pupil face of the second center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system;

The described first center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system and the second center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system are that the center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier stage joint group that the doublet by the N level constitutes becomes enlargement ratio M=M ₁* M ₂* M _N, M wherein ₁, M ₂... M _NBe respectively the first order, the second level ... the enlargement ratio of N level center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier satisfies $M_N=-\frac{f_{N2}}{f_{N1}},$ f _N1And f _N2Be respectively the eyepiece of N level optical amplifier and the focal length of object lens; The emergent pupil face of N-1 level center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier overlaps with the entrance pupil face of N level center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier, on the entrance pupil face of each grade center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier, all place the aperture that is fit to size and strobe, to prevent the interference of stray light; The eyepiece of described N level center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier and the bore d of object lens _N1And d _N2And the aperture bore Φ of corresponding entrance pupil face _NSatisfy: d _N1≈ d _N2, d _N1＞Φ _N, N 〉=2.

The described first emission eyepiece and second fourier transform lens are formed the first transmitter-telescope system, and second fourier transform lens is the emission primary mirror of the first transmitter-telescope system; The described second emission eyepiece and first fourier transform lens are formed the second transmitter-telescope system, and first fourier transform lens is the emission primary mirror of the second transmitter-telescope system;

Described scanning double-side speculum can be positioned at the entrance pupil face place of the first transmitter-telescope system, also can be positioned at a segment distance before or after the focus between first emission eyepiece and second fourier transform lens;

Described scanning double-side speculum can be positioned at the entrance pupil face place of the second transmitter-telescope system, also can be positioned at a segment distance before or after the focus between second emission eyepiece and first fourier transform lens.

Described scanning double-side speculum can rotate around two rotation axiss of quadrature, and two-sided height is anti-, can adopt the electronic accurate adjustment rack of two dimension, also can adopt motor or other driver drives driving levers rotation double mirror to realize the angular deflection of two dimension.

Described scanning double-side speculum is positioned on the image planes of the first center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system and on the image planes of the second center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system and l simultaneously _A=f _A, l ₁=f _M1, l _B=f _BAnd l ₂=f _M2, wherein:

f _ABe the focal length of first fourier transform lens, f _BBe the focal length of second fourier transform lens,

l ₁Be the distance of the scanning double-side speculum and the first emission eyepiece,

l ₂Be the distance of the scanning double-side speculum and the second emission eyepiece,

f _M1Be the focal length of the first emission eyepiece, f _M2Be the focal length of the second emission eyepiece,

l _BBe the distance of the second measured laser communication terminal emission bore and second fourier transform lens,

l _AIt is the distance of the first measured laser communication terminal emission bore and first fourier transform lens.

Technique effect of the present invention:

Satellite laser communications bi-terminal bidirectional long distance transmission analog of the present invention and ground detection, utilize optical Fourier transformation and cascade center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier to realize the long distance transmission analog of light beam, adopt double mirror to carry out binary channels has realized the track translation relative motion of ICBM SHF satellite terminal with angle scanning simulation at the spatial frequency spectrum face, can guarantee that in limited space, laboratory two satellite laser communications terminals all necessarily are in the other side's optics far-field region and produce mutual translation, with the mutual motion of analog satellite.The present invention can be applicable to the satellite laser communications terminal optical laying, catch and the laboratory of tracking and communication performance is detected, have very big using value for the development and the development of laser space communication terminal.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the light path schematic diagram of satellite laser communications bi-terminal bidirectional long distance transmission analog of the present invention and ground detection embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a single-stage center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier architecture schematic diagram of the present invention.

Among the figure: the 1.1-first measured laser communication terminal, 1.2-first fourier transform lens, 1.3-the saturating anti-mirror of first wavelength-division, 1.4-first speculum, a 1.5-4-f optical imagery amplifier system, 1.6-scanning double-side speculum, 1.7-second speculum, the 1.8-first emission eyepiece, the saturating anti-mirror of 1.9-second wavelength-division, 1.10-fourier transform lens, 1.11-the second measured laser communication terminal, 1.12-the 3rd speculum, 1.13-the 2nd 4-f optical imagery amplifier system, 1.14-the 4th speculum, the 1.15-second emission eyepiece.2.1-aperture/entrance pupil face, 2.2-eyepiece, 2.3-object lens, 2.4 emergent pupil faces.

Embodiment

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but should not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.

See also Fig. 1 earlier, Fig. 1 is the embodiment light path schematic diagram of satellite laser communications bi-terminal bidirectional long distance transmission analog of the present invention and ground detection.As seen from the figure, satellite laser communications bi-terminal bidirectional long distance transmission analog of the present invention and ground detection, formation comprises: the first measured laser communication terminal 1.1 and the second measured laser communication terminal 1.11, the described first measured laser communication terminal, 1.1 emission wavelengths are λ ₁Laser beam earlier through first fourier transform lens 1.2, see through the saturating anti-mirror 1.3 of first wavelength-division, after 1.4 reflections of first speculum, by the first center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system 1.5, the reflection of first mirror surface, 1.7 reflections of second speculum by scanning double-side speculum 1.6, enter the first emission eyepiece 1.8, arrive at the second measured laser communication terminal 1.11 by second fourier transform lens 1.10 again by the light beam after saturating anti-mirror 1.9 reflections of second wavelength-division;

The described second measured laser communication terminal, 1.11 emission optical maser wavelengths are λ ₂Light beam earlier by second fourier transform lens 1.10, see through the saturating anti-mirror 1.9 of second wavelength-division, after 1.12 reflections of the 3rd speculum, by the second center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system 1.13, by second reflecting surface reflection of described scanning double-side speculum 1.6,, enter the second emission eyepiece 1.15 again through 1.14 reflections of the 4th speculum, light beam by after saturating anti-mirror 1.3 reflections of first wavelength-division arrives at the first measured laser communication terminal 1.1 by first fourier transform lens 1.2 again; 1.3 pairs of wavelength of the saturating anti-mirror of described first wavelength-division are λ ₁Laser high saturating, be λ to wavelength ₂Laser high anti-; 1.9 pairs of wavelength of the saturating anti-mirror of described second wavelength-division are λ ₁Laser high anti-, be λ to wavelength ₂Laser high saturating; Described first speculum 1.4 and second speculum 1.7 are for wavelength X ₁Light beam is high anti-, and the 3rd speculum 1.12 and the 4th speculum 1.14 are for wavelength X ₂Light beam high anti-; First mirror surface of described scanning double-side speculum 1.6 is for wavelength X ₁Light beam is high anti-, and second mirror surface is for wavelength X ₂Light beam is high anti-; The back focal plane of described first fourier transform lens 1.2 is positioned on the entrance pupil face of the first center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system 1.5, and the back focal plane of second fourier transform lens 1.10 is positioned on the entrance pupil face of the second center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system 1.13.

The first measured laser communication terminal, 1.1 emission laser beam are earlier by first fourier transform lens 1.2, see through the saturating anti-mirror 1.3 of first wavelength-division, by 1.4 reflections of first speculum, after the first center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system 1.5, first reflecting surface reflection by scanning double-side speculum 1.6, through 1.7 reflections of second speculum, enter the first emission eyepiece 1.8, arrive at the second measured laser communication terminal 1.11 by second fourier transform lens 1.10 again by the light beam after saturating anti-mirror 1.9 reflections of second wavelength-division, the coordinate system that its beam Propagation is followed is shown in the 1A among Fig. 1;

The second measured laser communication terminal, 1.11 emission laser beam are earlier by second fourier transform lens 1.10, see through the saturating anti-mirror 1.9 of second wavelength-division again, through 1.12 reflections of the 3rd speculum, by the second center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system 1.13, second reflecting surface reflection by scanning double-side speculum 1.6, through 1.14 reflections of the 4th speculum, enter the second emission eyepiece 1.15, arrive at the first measured laser communication terminal 1.1 by first fourier transform lens 1.2 again by the light beam after saturating anti-mirror 1.3 reflections of first wavelength-division, the coordinate system that its beam Propagation is followed is shown in the 1B among Fig. 1.

Fig. 2 is a single-stage center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier architecture schematic diagram of the present invention.It is f by two focal lengths ₁And f ₂Einzel lens is formed, f ₁The back focal plane of lens and f ₂The front focal plane of lens overlaps, multiplication factor $M=-\frac{f_2}{f_1}.$ The entrance pupil face 2.1 of this system and emergent pupil face 2.2 are conjugate planes, and placing aperture function on the entrance pupil face is that (x, aperture y) strobes p, to prevent the interference of stray light.The light field of supposing the entrance pupil face is expressed as e _i(x, y), then pass through center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier after, the output light field on the emergent pupil face is:

$e_p(x,y)=\frac{1}{M}{e}_i(\frac{x}{M},\frac{y}{M})p(\frac{x}{M},\frac{y}{M}).$

The bore d of eyepiece and object lens ₁And d ₂And the aperture bore Φ of corresponding entrance pupil face satisfies:

d ₁≈d ₂，d ₁＞Φ。

Center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier not only has amplification to the input light field, and does not produce extra phase place quadratic term, places aperture at the entrance pupil face and can carry out center sampling to light field, to prevent the interference of stray light.

The light field of supposing the emission of the first measured laser communication terminal is e _A0(x, y), under the physical condition of space, after light field was transmitted several thousand to several ten thousand kilometers, the optical field distribution of its receiving terminal was the Fraunhofer diffraction of transmitting terminal:

$U_A(x,y)=K_z{E}_{A0}(\frac{x}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{1}z},\frac{y}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{1}z}),---\left(1\right)$

Wherein: $K_z=\frac{\exp \left[j\frac{k}{2z}(x^2+y^2)\right]}{\mathrm{i\λz}},$

$E_{A0}(\frac{x}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{1}z},\frac{y}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{1}z})$ Be e _A0(x, Fourier transform y).

Launch spot very big (tens of) when the free space long-distance transmissions to hundreds of rice, and the reception bore of the second measured laser communication terminal is generally hundreds of millimeters, can only receive the far-field spot of a very little part, therefore desirable $\exp \left[j\frac{k}{2z}(x^2+y^2)\right]\→1,$ K then _zBe constant.

In the present invention, the first measured laser communication terminal, 1.1 emission laser beam e _A0(x y) at first carries out the conversion of Fourier far field, the focal distance f of first fourier transform lens 1.2 by first fourier transform lens 1.2 _A, the emission bore of the first measured laser communication terminal 1.1 and the distance of first fourier transform lens are l _AThe back focal plane of first fourier transform lens 1.2 is positioned on the entrance pupil face of the first center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system 1.5, the first center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system 1.5 is made up of multistage double lens 4-f optical imagery amplifier, and total magnification is M _A1The first emission eyepiece 1.8 and second fourier transform lens 1.10 are formed the first transmitter-telescope system, and multiplication factor is M _A2Scanning double-side speculum 1.6 is positioned on the image planes of the first center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system 1.5, with focal length be f _M1The distance of the first emission eyepiece 1.8 is l ₁The focal distance f of second fourier transform lens 1.10 _B, the distance of the second measured laser communication terminal, the 1.11 emission bores and second fourier transform lens 1.10 is l _B

The emission light field e of the first measured laser terminal 1.1 _A0(x y), carries out the conversion of Fourier far field by first fourier transform lens 1.2, and the optical field distribution on these first fourier transform lens, 1.2 back focal planes is:

$U_{A\→f_A}=K_{A0}{E}_{A0}(\frac{x}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_1{f}_A},\frac{y}{{\mathrm{\λ}}_1{f}_A}),---\left(2\right)$

Wherein: ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="K\; A"\; filenames="A20081004021600141.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">K</figure-callout>}}_A=\frac{\exp \left[\frac{\mathrm{j\&pi;}}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1{f}_A}(1-\frac{l_A}{f_A})({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="x"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">x</figure-callout>}}^2+y^2)\right]}{j{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1{f}_A}.$ M is amplified through the first center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system 1.5 in this corrugated, Fourier far field _A1Doubly, the rotational angle of scanning double-side speculum 1.6 is θ, is l in distance second fourier transform lens 1.10 distances then _BThe optical Fourier transformation light field of moving with linear phase that the first measured laser communication terminal, 1.1 emission laser beam that the place produces are amplified:

$U_{A\&RightArrow;B}(x,y)=\left\{K_A{E}_{A0}(\frac{x}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1{f}_A{M}_A},\frac{y}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1{f}_A{M}_A})\exp \right[-\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="j"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">j</figure-callout>}2\mathrm{\&pi;}}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1}(\frac{x\sin 2{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x}{M_{A2}}+\frac{y\sin 2{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_y}{M_{A2}})\left]\right\},---\left(3\right)$

$\&CircleTimes;\left\{\frac{\exp \left(\mathrm{jk\&Delta;}{l}_1\right)}{j{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1\mathrm{\&Delta;}{l}_1}\exp \right[\frac{\mathrm{j\&pi;}}{\mathrm{\&lambda;\&Delta;}{l}_1}(x^2+y^2)\left]\right\}$

Wherein: M _A=M _A1M _A2,

$K_A=\frac{\exp \left[\frac{\mathrm{j\&pi;}}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1{M}_A^2{f}_A}(1-\frac{l_B}{f_A})(x^2+y^2)\right]}{j{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1{f}_A{M}_A}],$

${\mathrm{\&Delta;l}}_1=l_B-f_B-M_{A2}^2(f_{M1}-l_1),$

The expression convolution algorithm.

At l _A=f _A, l ₁=f _M1And l _B=f _BThe time, the phase place quadratic term factor in (3) formula will not exist, and be reduced to:

$U_{A\&RightArrow;B}(x,y)=K_A{E}_{A0}(\frac{x}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1{f}_A{M}_A},\frac{y}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1{f}_A{M}_A})\exp [-\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="j"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">j</figure-callout>}2\mathrm{\&pi;}}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1}(\frac{x\sin 2{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x}{M_{A2}}+\frac{y\sin 2{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_y}{M_{A2}})]---\left(4\right)$

Contrast as can be seen from (1) formula and (4) formula, make the true transmission range z=f in space _AM _AThe time, U _A(x, y)=U _{A → B}(x, y).Therefore, under laboratory condition, can realize the conversion of light beam from the near field distribution to the far-field distribution, the simulation of far field long-distance transmissions that can analog satellite.

Light field U _{A → B}(x y) is collected by the primary mirror of the second measured laser communication terminal 1.11, produces the optical Fourier transformation of this light field on the focal plane of this primary mirror.If the focal length of laser communication terminal primary mirror is f _R2, its aperture function and Fourier transform are respectively a _R2(x, y) and $A_{r2}(\frac{x}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="f\; r"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">f</figure-callout>}}_r},\frac{y}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1{f}_{r2}}).$ The receiving terminal bore is very little with respect to launch spot, so the optical field distribution on the primary mirror focal plane of the second measured laser communication terminal 1.11 is:

$U_{1\&RightArrow;2}=A_{r2}(x-\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}2{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="M\; A"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">M</figure-callout>}}_A},y-\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}2{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_y}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_1{M}_{A2}}).---\left(5\right)$

As seen, at this moment the second measured laser communication terminal 1.11 is in the far-field region of the first measured laser communication terminal 1.1, and the deflection of scanning double-side speculum 1.6 will cause receiving moving of hot spot.

Laser beam e on the second measured laser communication terminal, the 1.11 emission bores _B0(x y) at first carries out the conversion of Fourier far field by second fourier transform lens 1.10; The focal plane of second fourier transform lens 1.10 is positioned on the entrance pupil face of the second center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system 1.13, the second center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system 1.13 is made up of multistage double lens 4-f optical imagery amplifier, and total magnification is M _B1The second emission eyepiece 1.15 and first fourier transform lens 1.2 are formed the second transmitter-telescope system, and multiplication factor is M _B2Scanning double-side speculum 1.6 is positioned on the image planes of the 2nd 4-f optical imagery amplifier system 1.13, with focal length be f _M2Second the emission eyepiece 1.15 distance be l ₂

The light field e of the second measured laser communication terminal, 1.11 emissions _B0(x, y) after the cosmic space is transmitted several thousand to several ten thousand kilometers, the optical field distribution of its receiving terminal is the Fraunhofer diffraction of transmitting terminal:

$U_B(x,y)=K_z{E}_{B0}(\frac{x}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_{2}z},\frac{y}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_{2}z}),---\left(6\right)$

Wherein: $K_z=\frac{\exp \left[j\frac{k}{2z}(x^2+y^2)\right]}{i{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_{2}z},$

$E_{B0}(\frac{x}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_{2}z},\frac{y}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_{2}z})$ Be e _B0(x, Fourier transform y).

Launch spot very big (tens of) under free space practical remote transmission condition to hundreds of rice, and the reception bore of the first measured laser communication terminal is generally hundreds of millimeters, can only receive the far-field spot of a very little part, therefore desirable $\exp \left[j\frac{k}{2z}(x^2+y^2)\right]\&RightArrow;1,$ K then _zBe constant.

The emission light field e of the second measured laser terminal 1.11 in the present invention _B0(x y), carries out the conversion of Fourier far field by second fourier transform lens 1.10 earlier, and the optical field distribution on its lens back focal plane is

$U_{B\&RightArrow;f_B}=K_B{E}_{B0}(\frac{x}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2{f}_B},\frac{y}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2{f}_B}),---\left(7\right)$

Wherein $K_B=\frac{\exp \left[\frac{\mathrm{j\&pi;}}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2{f}_B}(1-\frac{l_B}{f_B})(x^2+y^2)\right]}{j{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2{f}_B}.$ M is amplified through the second center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system 1.13 in this corrugated, Fourier far field _B1Doubly, the rotational angle of scanning double-side speculum 1.6 is θ, is l in distance first fourier transform lens 1.2 distances then _AThe optical Fourier transformation light field of moving with linear phase that the second measured laser communication terminal, 1.11 emission laser beam that the place produces are amplified:

$U_{B\&RightArrow;A}(x,y)=\left\{K_B{E}_{B0}(\frac{x}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2{f}_B{M}_B},\frac{y}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2{f}_B{M}_B})\exp \right[\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="j"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">j</figure-callout>}2\mathrm{\&pi;}}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2}(\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="x\; sin"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">x</figure-callout>}\sin 2{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="x\; M\; B"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">x</figure-callout>}}}{M_B}+\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="y\; sin"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}\sin 2{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_y}{M_{B2}})\left]\right\},---\left(8\right)$

$\&CircleTimes;\left\{\frac{\exp \left(\mathrm{jk\&Delta;}{l}_2\right)}{j{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2\mathrm{\&Delta;}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_2}\exp \right[\frac{\mathrm{j\&pi;}}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2\mathrm{\&Delta;}{l}_2}(x^2+y^2)\left]\right\}$

Wherein: M _B=M _B1M _B2,

$K_B=\frac{\exp \left[\frac{\mathrm{j\&pi;}}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2{M}_B^2{f}_B}(1-\frac{l_B}{f_B})(x^2+y^2)\right]}{j{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2{f}_B{M}_B}],$

${\mathrm{\&Delta;<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_2=l_A-f_A-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="M\; B"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">M</figure-callout>}}_B^2(f_{M2}-l_2),$

The expression convolution algorithm.

At l _A=f _A, l ₂=f _M2And l _B=f _BThe time, the phase place quadratic term factor in (8) formula will not exist, and can be reduced to:

$U_{B\&RightArrow;A}(x,y)=K_B{E}_{B0}(\frac{x}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2{f}_B{M}_B},\frac{y}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2{f}_B{M}_B})\exp \left[\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="j"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">j</figure-callout>}2\mathrm{\&pi;}}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2}(\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="x\; sin"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">x</figure-callout>}\sin 2{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="x\; M\; B"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">x</figure-callout>}}}{M_B}+\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="y\; sin"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">y</figure-callout>}\sin 2{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_y}{M_{B2}})\right],---\left(9\right)$

Contrast as can be seen from formula (6) and formula (9), make the true transmission range z=f in space _BM _BThe time, U _B(x, y)=U _{B → A}(x, y).Therefore, in the laboratory, can realize the conversion of light beam from the near field distribution to the far-field distribution, the simulation of far field long-distance transmissions that can analog satellite.

Light field U _{B → A}(x y) is collected by the primary mirror of the first measured laser communication terminal 1.1, produces the optical Fourier transformation of this light field on the focal plane of this primary mirror.If the focal distance f of laser communication terminal primary mirror _R1, its aperture function and Fourier transform are respectively a _R1(x, y) and $A_{r1}(\frac{x}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2{f}_{r1}},\frac{y}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2{f}_{r1}}).$ The receiving terminal bore is very little with respect to launch spot, so the optical field distribution on the primary mirror focal plane of the first measured laser communication terminal 1.1 is:

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="U"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">U</figure-callout>}}_{2\&RightArrow;1}=A_r(x+\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}2{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="M\; B"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">M</figure-callout>}}_B},y+\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="sin"\; filenames="A20081004021600142.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">sin</figure-callout>}2{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_y}{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_2{M}_{B2}}).---\left(10\right)$

As seen, at this moment the first measured laser communication terminal 1.1 is in the far-field region of the second measured laser communication terminal 1.11, and the deflection of scanning double-side speculum 1.6 will cause receiving moving of hot spot.

The deflection of scanning double-side speculum 1.6 will produce the moving of reception hot spot and the moving of the reception hot spot of the second measured laser communication terminal 1.11 of the first measured laser communication terminal 1.1 simultaneously, promptly can simulate two relative motions between the laser communication terminal.

Be the parameter of a specific embodiment of apparatus of the present invention below:

Suppose that laser communication link is between high rail satellite and the low orbit satellite, interstellar distance is 45000km, the bore of the first measured laser communication terminal and the second measured laser communication terminal all is Φ 250mm, the primary mirror focal length all is 1m, laser divergence is 20 μ rad, with taking aim at precision is 1 μ rad, and the scanning angle of detection validation is 2 °.

Consider the symmetrical structure of two-way light path, the design of first fourier transform lens 1.2 and second fourier transform lens 1.10 is identical, and bore is identical all to be Φ 600mm, much larger than the bore of laser communication terminal, and the identical (f of focal length _A=f _B=10m); The first center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system 1.5 all is that the identical double lens 4-f optical imagery amplifier stage joint group of tertiary structure becomes the identical (M of multiplication factor and structure with the second center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system 1.13 _A1=M _B1=100 * 100 * 90).The multiplication factor of first order center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplification system is 100 times, and the eyepiece bore is Φ 30mm, and focal length is 90mm, and relative aperture is

Aperture of objective lens is Φ 30mm, and focal length is 9m, and the aperture size is taken as 0.3mm; The multiplication factor of second level center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplification system is 100 times, and the eyepiece bore is Φ 30mm, and focal length is 90mm, and aperture of objective lens is Φ 30mm, and focal length is 9m, and the aperture size is taken as 3mm; The multiplication factor of third level center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplification system is 90 times, and the eyepiece bore is Φ 30mm, and focal length is 90mm, and aperture of objective lens is Φ 30mm, and focal length is 8.1m, and the aperture size is taken as 5mm.

The first transmitter-telescope system and the second transmitter-telescope system all are the optical imagery amplification system that double lens is formed, the identical (M of its structure _A2=M _B2=5), the bore of the first emission eyepiece 1.8 and the second emission eyepiece 1.15 all is Φ 300mm, and focal length all is 2m.

The bore of first speculum 1.4 and the 3rd speculum 1.12 all is Φ 200mm; The bore of second speculum 1.7 and the 4th speculum 1.14 all is Φ 400mm; Saturating anti-mirror 1.9 bores of the saturating anti-mirror 1.3 of first wavelength-division and second wavelength-division all are Φ 300mm; Scanning double-side speculum 1.6 two sides lead to light, and bore is Φ 200mm, deflection angle 2 θ=M _A2* 2 °=10 °.

The results showed that apparatus of the present invention can guarantee that in limited space, laboratory two satellite laser communications terminals all necessarily are in the other side's optics far-field region and produce mutual translation, with the mutual motion of analog satellite.The optical acquisition that the present invention can be applicable to the satellite laser communications terminal detects with the laboratory of taking aim at performance and communication performance, has very big using value for the development and the development of laser space communication terminal.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of satellite laser communications bi-terminal bidirectional long distance transmission analog and ground detection, be characterised in that its formation comprises: the first measured laser communication terminal (1.1) and the second measured laser communication terminal (1.11), first measured laser communication terminal (1.1) emission wavelength is λ ₁Laser beam earlier through first fourier transform lens (1.2), see through the saturating anti-mirror of first wavelength-division (1.3), after first speculum (1.4) reflection, by the first center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system (1.5), the reflection of first reflecting surface, second speculum (1.7) reflection by scanning double-side speculum (1.6), enter the first emission eyepiece (1.8), arrive at the second measured laser communication terminal (1.11) by second fourier transform lens (1.10) again by the light beam after the saturating anti-mirror of second wavelength-division (1.9) reflection;

The second measured laser communication terminal (1.11) emission optical maser wavelength is λ ₂Light beam earlier by second fourier transform lens (1.10), see through the saturating anti-mirror of second wavelength-division (1.9), after the 3rd speculum (1.12) reflection, by the second center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system (1.13), second reflecting surface by described scanning double-side speculum (1.6) reflects again, reflect through the 4th speculum (1.14), enter the second emission eyepiece (1.15), (light beam after 1.3 reflections arrives at the first measured laser communication terminal (1.1) by first fourier transform lens (1.2) again by the saturating anti-mirror of first wavelength-division;

The saturating anti-mirror of described first wavelength-division (1.3) is λ to wavelength ₁Laser high saturating, be λ to wavelength ₂Laser high anti-; The saturating anti-mirror of described second wavelength-division (1.9) is λ to wavelength ₁Laser high anti-, be λ to wavelength ₂Laser high saturating;

Described first speculum (1.4) and second speculum (1.7) are for wavelength X ₁Light beam is high anti-, and the 3rd speculum (1.12) and the 4th speculum (1.14) are for wavelength X ₂Light beam high anti-;

First mirror surface of described scanning double-side speculum (1.6) is for wavelength X ₁Light beam is high anti-, and second mirror surface is for wavelength X ₂Light beam is high anti-;

The back focal plane of described first fourier transform lens (1.2) is positioned on the entrance pupil face of the first center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system (1.5), and the back focal plane of second fourier transform lens (1.10) is positioned on the entrance pupil face of the second center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system (1.13).

2, satellite laser communications bi-terminal bidirectional long distance transmission analog according to claim 1 and ground detection, it is characterized in that the described first center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system (1.5) and the second center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system (1.13) are that the center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier stage joint group that the doublet by the N level constitutes becomes enlargement ratio M=M ₁* M ₂* M _N, N 〉=2 wherein, M ₁, M ₂..., M _i... M _NBe respectively the first order, the second level ... the enlargement ratio of N level center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier satisfies $M_i=-\frac{f_{i2}}{f_{i1}},$ f _I1And f _I2Be respectively the eyepiece of i level optical amplifier and the focal length of object lens, i=1,2,3 ... N; The emergent pupil face of i-1 level center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier overlaps with the entrance pupil face of i level center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier, all places aperture on the entrance pupil face of each grade center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier; The eyepiece of described N level center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier and the bore d of object lens _N1And d _N2And the aperture bore Ф of corresponding entrance pupil face _NSatisfy: d _N1≈ d _N2, d _N1＞Ф _N

3, satellite laser communications bi-terminal bidirectional long distance transmission analog according to claim 1 and ground detection, it is characterized in that the saturating anti-mirror of described first wavelength-division is placed on before first fourier transform lens, the saturating anti-mirror of corresponding second wavelength-division is placed on after second fourier transform lens.

4, satellite laser communications bi-terminal bidirectional long distance transmission analog according to claim 1 and ground detection, it is characterized in that described first emission eyepiece and second fourier transform lens form the first transmitter-telescope system, second fourier transform lens is the emission primary mirror of the first transmitter-telescope system; The described second emission eyepiece and first fourier transform lens are formed the second transmitter-telescope system, and first fourier transform lens is the emission primary mirror of the second transmitter-telescope system.

5, satellite laser communications bi-terminal bidirectional long distance transmission analog according to claim 1 and ground detection, it is characterized in that described scanning double-side speculum is positioned at the entrance pupil face place of the first transmitter-telescope system, or be positioned at a segment distance before or after the focus between first emission eyepiece and second fourier transform lens; Described scanning double-side speculum is positioned at the entrance pupil face place of the second transmitter-telescope system, or is positioned at a segment distance before or after the focus between second emission eyepiece and first fourier transform lens.

6, satellite laser communications bi-terminal bidirectional long distance transmission analog according to claim 1 and ground detection, it is characterized in that described scanning double-side speculum has the mechanism that rotates around two quadrature rotation axiss, this mechanism is the electronic accurate adjustment rack of two dimension, or the mechanism of motor or other driver drives driving levers rotation double mirror.

7, satellite laser communications bi-terminal bidirectional long distance transmission analog according to claim 1 and ground detection is characterized in that described scanning double-side speculum (1.6) is positioned on the image planes of the first center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system (1.5) and on the image planes of the second center sampling 4-f optical imagery amplifier system (1.13) and l simultaneously _A=f _A, l ₁=f _M1, l _B=f _BAnd l ₂=f _M2, wherein:

f _ABe the focal length of first fourier transform lens (1.2), f _BBe the focal length of second fourier transform lens (1.10),

l ₁Be the distance of scanning double-side speculum (1.6) with the first emission eyepiece (1.8),

l ₂Be the distance of scanning double-side speculum (1.6) with the second emission eyepiece (1.15),

f _M1Be the focal length of the first emission eyepiece (1.8), f _M2Be the focal length of the second emission eyepiece (1.15),

l _BBe the distance of the second measured laser communication terminal (1.11) emission bore and second fourier transform lens (1.10),

l _AIt is the distance of the first measured laser communication terminal (1.1) emission bore and first fourier transform lens (1.2).

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