CN101308955B - Radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna - Google Patents
Radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN101308955B CN101308955B CN200810061641A CN200810061641A CN101308955B CN 101308955 B CN101308955 B CN 101308955B CN 200810061641 A CN200810061641 A CN 200810061641A CN 200810061641 A CN200810061641 A CN 200810061641A CN 101308955 B CN101308955 B CN 101308955B
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Abstract
The invention, belonging to radio frequency communication technical field, provides an integrated RF GPS active antenna, aiming at solving the problems that the GPS receivers of current active antennas are difficult to miniaturize, the modules are complex in connection and low in receiving sensitivity, which influences initial positioning time and positioning precision. The technical proposal of the invention adopts an integrated RF GPS active antenna; a GPS active antenna is optimized, and impedances are matched between the component parts, interconnected losses are reduced; total noise index is reduced and the receiving sensitivity of the GPS positioning device is improved, thus the initial positioning time and precision of the GPS positioning device are remarkably improved. The integrated RF GPS active antenna is easy to be miniaturized and is particularly suitable to be integrated with the functional module of mobile communication equipment such as mobile phone and PDA.
Description
Summary of the invention
The invention belongs to the technology for radio frequency field, relate to a kind of active antenna, particularly a kind of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna, this small-sized active antenna has GPS digital sampled signal output.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to solve the above problem that prior art traditional GPS receiver radio frequency front end constitutes; A kind of novel formation technical conceive of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna is provided; This small-sized radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna is used for gps satellite and receives; It possesses traditional antenna and receives the function from the small-signal of satellite, also has functions such as the amplification of signal low noise, the outer inhibition of band and filtering, down-conversion, digitized processing.The present invention is GPS active antenna and organic being bonded together of GPS receiver radio frequency front-end module, and the low noise amplifier through utmost point low-noise factor amplifies the filter narrow-band filtering to small-signal; Not only can suppress noise greatly, and save numerous and diverse be connected of active antenna, reduce interconnection loss with radio frequency front end chip; Can reduce noise figure; Improve the systematic functions such as receiving sensitivity of GPS receiver, thereby improve the primary positioning time and the positioning accuracy of GPS navigation positioning equipment, can also reduce equipment power dissipation and volume thus; Practice thrift cost, convenience is connected with digital baseband chip.A kind of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna of the present invention is particularly suitable for being integrated in the system with mobile communication product functional modules such as mobile phone, PDA.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is to realize through following technical scheme:
A kind of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna, it is that it comprises micro-strip paster antenna and GPS radio-frequency front-end receiver module; Wherein GPS radio-frequency front-end receiver module is made up of low noise amplifier, radio frequency band filter, GPS radio-frequency front-end receiving chip, crystal oscillator, power module and impedance matching network;
Said micro-strip paster antenna adopts the micro-strip paster antenna of miniaturization; The low noise amplifier of a utmost point low noise figure is received in its output, and the output of low noise amplifier connects a band pass filter, with the outer spurious signal of filtering band; The input of GPS receiver radio frequency front-end chip is directly received in the output of filter; Down-converted is carried out to gps signal in GPS radio frequency front end chip inside, connects an intermediate-frequency filter, and the output of intermediate-frequency filter connects an intermediate frequency amplifier; The output of intermediate frequency amplifier connects an ADC converter, and the GPS radio frequency front end chip is output as through digitized gps signal;
Input at low noise amplifier and GPS radio-frequency front-end receiving chip respectively connects an impedance matching network, and this impedance matching network is the LC structure.
Described a kind of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna, it is that also radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna is the compact mounting structure of a printed circuit board and micro-strip paster antenna module; Wherein:
The micro-strip paster antenna module is made up of the ground plane conductor thin slice of micro-strip paster antenna, dielectric substrate, micro-strip paster antenna and the micro-strip paster antenna distributing point of micro-strip paster antenna; Micro-strip paster antenna is attached on the dielectric substrate of micro-strip paster antenna, and the dielectric substrate of micro-strip paster antenna is attached on the ground plane conductor thin slice of micro-strip paster antenna;
Paster is equipped with low noise amplifier, band pass filter, GPS receiver radio frequency front-end chip, crystal oscillator, power module and the impedance matching network of GPS radio-frequency front-end receiver module in the front of a printed circuit board;
The back portion of printed circuit board (PCB) covers one deck Copper Foil, and as the ground plane of micro-strip paster antenna, it also is the ground plane of other all circuit;
The micro-strip paster antenna distributing point of micro-strip paster antenna module is connected to the front signal access point of printed circuit board (PCB) through through hole, and is connected with the input of low noise amplifier through impedance matching network.
For saving area, through optimal design, this printed circuit board (PCB) can be done with the similar area size of micro-strip paster antenna; Because device is laid compact; Connect between device through optimal design, can reduce loss and the noise of introducing on the signal path, GPS radio-frequency front-end receiver module is output as digital signal; Be not subject to disturb, can transmit fartherly and can not bring performance to reduce.
Described a kind of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna; Its shape of shape and area and printed circuit board (PCB) that is described micro-strip paster antenna is close with the area size, and the device of GPS radio-frequency front-end receiver module on printed circuit board (PCB) is that the paster of compact conformation is installed; Making full use of printed circuit board (PCB) backboard area is the ground plane of micro-strip paster antenna; Optimize ground connection and shielding properties; It is short to connect conduction between device, reduces signal conduction loss and noise and introduces, and module is output as digitized signal; Be not subject to disturb, can transmit fartherly and can not bring performance to reduce.
Described a kind of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna; It is: described micro-strip paster antenna places the dielectric substrate surface of ground plane last layer to constitute by the metal patch of definite shape, and the shape of metal patch comprises rectangle, square, circle and various deformation thereof; Wherein: the dielectric constant of the performance parameter of micro-strip paster antenna and used medium substrate; The size and dimension of medium is closely related; While is also relevant with the position of shape, size and the material distributing point of metal patch; Dielectric constant, the size and dimension of the shape of the metal patch of micro-strip paster antenna, size and material feed position and dielectric substrate are obtained through designing and calculating and analog simulation by design software;
The span of dielectric substrate dielectric constant design is 30～50; The micro-strip paster antenna optimal design reduces size, and antenna is operated in about the 1575.42MHz frequency, optimizes the position of settling the micro-strip paster antenna distributing point, and making its input impedance is 50 ohm.
Embodiment of the invention micro-strip paster antenna places a slice thin layer dielectric surface on the ground plane by the metal patch of a rectangle and processes.
Described a kind of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna; It is that said low noise amplifier is high performance device, and low noise amplifier is in the first order of link, and its noise figure directly is added on the noise figure of system; The performance of low noise amplifier is particularly important; For reducing the noise figure of system, the low noise amplifier of being selected for use should be able to provide bigger gain about the 1575.42MHz frequency, has minimum noise figure simultaneously; Low noise amplifier provides the 20dB power gain at least, and noise figure is less than 1dB.
Described a kind of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna; It is that described band pass filter is a passive device; Band pass filter is LC network or SAW filter or other similar devices; The centre frequency of filter is 1575.42MHz, and bandwidth is 2.046MHz, the band pass filter of the higher quality factor ± 40MHz out of band signal decay is superior to 40dB.
Band pass filter carries out preliminary treatment to the signal that gets into the GPS radio frequency front end chip, and the spuious composition of filtering reduces with the influence of outer spurious signal to late-class circuit, prevents to cause radio frequency front end chip saturated too early because of the outer interference of bigger band.
Described a kind of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna; It is characterized in that: the on-chip circuit of described GPS radio frequency front end chip comprises modules such as low noise amplifier, down-conversion mixer, intermediate-frequency filter, automatic gain control intermediate frequency amplifier, analog to digital converter, frequency synthesizer, and is integrated on the chip piece; The GPS receiving radio frequency front end chip is integrated into radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna; On-chip circuit connects low noise amplifier, down-conversion mixer, intermediate-frequency filter, automatic gain control intermediate frequency amplifier, analog to digital converter successively, and the output of frequency synthesizer connects the local oscillation signal input of down-conversion mixer.
The GPS receiving radio frequency front end chip inserts low noise amplifier with the radio frequency gps signal of input; After amplification and noise suppressed, receive down-conversion mixer and realize the conversion of frequency; The local frequency signal that frequency synthesizer provides is received down-conversion mixer, and the intermediate-freuqncy signal of down-conversion mixing output is received intermediate-frequency filter, suppresses band outer spuious and noise and image signal; Intermediate-frequency filter output send the AGC intermediate frequency amplifier that signal is amplified to analog to digital converter institute ability processing horizontal; At last, the ADC analog to digital converter is sampled and is encoded intermediate-freuqncy signal, converts to be fit to export after the digitlization intermediate-freuqncy signal that digital baseband chip handles.
Described a kind of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna, it is that said crystal oscillator is the active crystal oscillator with auto thermal compensation, the frequency stability of this high accuracy, active crystal oscillator that frequency deviation is little is superior to 0.5ppm.It is as the external frequency reference of radio frequency front end chip, and as the reference frequency of frequency synthesizer, this reference frequency is also as the clock of digital baseband, and its frequency precision influences directly that numeral is resolved and locating accuracy.
Substantial effect of the present invention:
Innovative point of the present invention is that the radio frequency front end chip as gps signal down conversion and digitizing function is integrated in the module with the active antenna that preceding stage gain and noise suppressed are provided; Realize radio frequency integrated active antenna scheme, thereby produced the not available advantage of traditional solution.First; With GPS active antenna and the two module that is integrated of GPS radio frequency front end chip; Saved and connected required cable and sub-miniature A connector, only need consider the resistance matching problem of active antenna output and radio frequency front end chip during design, owing to have only line very short on the printed circuit board (PCB); Impedance operator is stable, so coupling is easy to.The second, the connecting line of active antenna and the GPS radio frequency front end chip of solution of the present invention on printed circuit board (PCB) is extremely short, compares traditional scheme and can significantly improve and introduce extra noise problem.The 3rd, impedance matching degree height between the radio-frequency module among the present invention, signal attenuation is little, reduces interconnected loss.According to the noise figure formula, then the overall noise index index of system can improve.The 4th; Radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna of the present invention connects baseband processing chip through cable, and its signal that outputs to the GPS baseband processing chip is a digital signal, and is well-known; Digital signal is not subject to disturb, and signal quality does not have any decline so can transmit long distance.The 5th, radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna and the conductive performance good with the GPS baseband processing chip, noise is little; Signal to noise ratio is high; The sensitivity of GPS receiver system is significantly improved, is reflected on the systematic function, just can shorten primary positioning time; Signal noise is disturbed little, improves positioning accuracy.The 6th, can be compact more in the novel formation design, shared space and area can dwindle, and the miniaturization requirement that is content with very little more is applicable to various portable communication devices.
Background technology
The gps satellite navigation system can provide the information of position, speed and time; Can be used for all types of target is positioned, navigates and supervises; It has characteristics such as totipotency (land, ocean, aerospace), global, round-the-clock, continuity and real-time; At Construction Party's masks such as information, traffic, safety guard, agricultural, fishery, disaster prevention and control, environmental monitorings the irreplaceable important function of other means is arranged, its development prospect is very wide, more and more receives people's attention in recent years.
Technical progress such as the miniaturization of GPS chip or chipset, high accuracy, low-power consumption, strong promotion gps satellite navigation system the GPS navigation positioning equipment based on platforms such as PDA, mobile phone, digital code players occurred in the application and the expansion of digital consumer market.But these application apparatuss of realizing the GPS navigation navigation system are had relatively high expectations to receiving sensitivity, thus usually also need add one-level GPS active antenna again in GPS radio frequency front end chip front, to improve system's receiving sensitivity.
The formation block diagram of tradition GPS receiver is as shown in Figure 1.In the formation of existing technical scheme GPS receiver by active antenna 101 modules; And the GPS radio frequency front end chip 102 that is installed on the printed circuit board is formed with baseband processing chip 103; Active antenna 101 is connected with the GPS radio frequency front end chip, and the GPS radio frequency front end chip is connected with baseband processing chip 103.In the prior art, above-mentioned active antenna 101 comprises passive dielectric antenna, low noise amplifier and three parts of filter.Usually active antenna 101 has a standalone module of one's own; Active antenna receives gps signal and accomplishes the amplification and the filtering of signal; And the GPS radio frequency front end chip also is the module that needs independent design, and the output signal of active antenna 101 must be delivered to the signal input part of GPS radio frequency front end chip through sub-miniature A connector and 50 ohm transmission line cables.There are many shortcomings in the structure composition proposal of traditional GPS receiver: first; Traditional design, active antenna and GPS radio frequency front end chip are two standalone modules, and the signal that the active antenna module is given the GPS RF front-end module is a radiofrequency signal; Need consider the connectivity problem of the two during design; The particularly impedance matching of input/output interface and cable, because cable is complicated with the characteristic that is connected special-purpose sub-miniature A connector, the special connection request between two modules; So coupling is difficult, increased the complexity of modular design.The second, the connecting line of the active antenna of traditional structure composition proposal and two modules of GPS radio frequency front end chip is longer relatively, makes the processing of radiofrequency signal and conduction can introduce extra noise.The 3rd, the impedance matching degree is low between active antenna and GPS radio-frequency front-end two radio-frequency modules, can bring signal attenuation bigger thus, and the overall noise index index of system is descended.The 4th, traditional active antenna is connected baseband processing chip with radio frequency front end chip through cable, and its signal that outputs to the GPS baseband processing chip is an analog signal, and the connection cable transmission is subject to disturb, so transmission range can not be very long.The 5th; Bad conductive performance causes GPS receiver system signal to noise ratio to descend between tradition active antenna and radio frequency front end chip and the baseband processing chip; The receiving sensitivity of GPS navigation positioning equipment is reduced, directly influence the primary positioning time (comprising cold start-up, required time of warm start) and the positioning accuracy of systematic function.The 6th, active antenna module and GPS radio frequency front end chip module alone become one separately, and extra chip area and the spaces that take are difficult for satisfying the miniaturization requirement more.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the formation block diagram of traditional GPS receiver.
Fig. 2 constitutes block diagram for the GPS receiver that uses radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna of the present invention;
Among the figure: 201-integrated GPS active antenna, 103-GPS baseband processing chip.
Fig. 3 constitutes electric theory diagram for radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna of the present invention;
Among the figure: 31-micro-strip paster antenna, 32-GPS radio frequency front end chip module, 321-antenna incoming end, 322-low noise amplifier, 323-radio frequency band filter, 324-crystal oscillator, 325-GPS radio frequency front end chip, 326-power module, 327-output interface.
Fig. 4 is the integrated mounting structure front view of the radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna of the embodiment of the invention;
Among the figure: the ground plane conductor thin slice of 401-GPS RF front-end module printed circuit board (PCB), 402-micro-strip paster antenna, the dielectric substrate of 403-micro-strip paster antenna, 404-micro-strip paster antenna, 405-micro-strip paster antenna distributing point, 501-antenna incoming end, 504-crystal oscillator, 505-GPS radio frequency front end chip, 506-power supply.
Fig. 5 is the integrated mounting structure left view of the radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna of Fig. 4 embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is the integrated mounting structure right view of the radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna of Fig. 4 embodiment of the invention;
Among Fig. 6: the output interface of the GPS radio frequency front end chip of 501-antenna incoming end, 502-low noise amplifier, 503-radio frequency band filter, 504-crystal oscillator, 505-band output interface, 506-power module, 507-GPS radio frequency front end chip 505,511 and 512-impedance matching network.
The internal circuit of the GPS radio frequency front end chip of Fig. 7 embodiment of the invention constitutes block diagram:
Among the figure: 701-low noise amplifier, 702-frequency mixer, 703-intermediate-frequency filter, 704-intermediate frequency amplifier, 705-digital to analog converter, 706-frequency synthesizer.
Execution mode
Pass through embodiment below, and combine accompanying drawing, do further bright specifically technical scheme of the present invention.
Fig. 2 adopts the GPS receiver of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna of the present invention to constitute block diagram.This GPS receiver is made up of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna 201 and GPS baseband processing chip 103; Radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna 201 is active antenna and the organic joint of radio-frequency front-end; Adopt the radio frequency GPS active antenna of integrated design; The path of radiofrequency signal conduction is very short, and the decay of signal can be ignored fully.The output signal of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna is Low Medium Frequency, the digitized gps signal that down-conversion obtains, and than the conduction of Low Medium Frequency digital signal, is difficult for being interfered, thus the conduction distance some can not influence the sensitivity of GPS receiver yet.Radio frequency GPS front-end chip is separated with the GPS baseband processing chip, and adopt the technical scheme of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna, effective and be attainable to overcoming the conventional art shortcoming.
Fig. 3 provides the electric theory diagram that radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna of the present invention constitutes.It is made up of micro-strip paster antenna 31, GPS RF front-end module 32.GPS RF front-end module 32 comprises antenna incoming end 321, low noise amplifier 322, radio frequency band filter 323, crystal oscillator 324, GPS radio frequency front end chip 325, power module 326 and output interface 327, and the installation of their pasters is integrated on the printed circuit board.Micro-strip paster antenna 301 directly receives the small-signal from satellite, and its output is received low noise amplifier 322 inputs through antenna incoming end 321, and through the amplification of low noise amplifier, the intensity of gps signal has obtained enhancing, but the noise increase seldom.Radio frequency band filter 323 is received in the output of low noise amplifier 322, and radio frequency band filter 323 is that SAW filter or LC form Structure Filter, or other can suppress the device of 1575.42 ± 1.023MHz frequency band with external signal.The output of radio frequency band filter 323 is received the signal input part of GPS radio frequency front end chip 325, and the local oscillation signal end of GPS radio frequency front end chip 325 connects the output of crystal oscillator 324, and crystal oscillator 324 provides frequency reference accurately for GPS radio frequency front end chip 325.The function of GPS radio frequency front end chip 325 is: further amplify gps signal, and gps signal made down-converted and intermediate frequency filtering, again the intermediate-freuqncy signal of filtering output is made AGC and amplify, after analog-to-digital conversion and encoding process see off by output interface 327.Signal through the output of GPS radio frequency front end chip is the Digital GPS signal that is down-converted to zero intermediate frequency or Low Medium Frequency.326 pairs of supply voltages of power module carry out voltage stabilizing and filtering, provide galvanic current to press for low noise amplifier 322, crystal oscillator 324, GPS radio frequency front end chip 325.
Fig. 4 provides the integrated mounting structure front view of embodiment of the invention radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna.Radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna is made up of GPS RF front-end module printed circuit board (PCB) 401 and micro-strip paster antenna module 402.Integrated devices such as the antenna incoming end 501 of paster installation GPS RF front-end module, crystal oscillator 504, GPS radio frequency front end chip 505, power supply 506 on the GPS RF front-end module printed circuit board (PCB) 401.Micro-strip paster antenna module 402 comprises that the dielectric substrate 403 of micro-strip paster antenna, the distributing point 405 of micro-strip paster antenna and the ground plane conductor thin slice 406 of micro-strip paster antenna constitute part.Micro-strip paster antenna 404 is 403 being dielectric substrate, and 406 to be the ground plane conductor thin slice, micro-strip paster antenna is its distributing point with 405, constitutes the micro-strip paster antenna module 402 of one.Micro-strip paster antenna module 402 is treated as one whole with GPS RF front-end module printed circuit board (PCB) 401 through integrated, and micro-strip paster antenna distributing point 405 is to be connected through via hole on the circuit board with antenna incoming end 501.
Fig. 5 is the left view of the integrated mounting structure of Fig. 4 embodiment radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna.The micro-strip paster antenna module that present embodiment adopts comprises the dielectric substrate 403 of micro-strip paster antenna, the conductor sheet 404 of micro-strip paster antenna, the distributing point 405 of micro-strip paster antenna and the ground plane conductor thin slice 406 of micro-strip paster antenna.The conductor sheet 404 of micro-strip paster antenna is to be attached to above the dielectric substrate 403 of micro-strip paster antenna; The ground plane conductor thin slice 406 of micro-strip paster antenna is identical with the plane outside dimension of the dielectric substrate 403 of micro-strip paster antenna, and the dielectric substrate 403 of micro-strip paster antenna sticks on above the ground plane conductor thin slice 406 of micro-strip paster antenna.The dielectric constant of the performance parameter of micro-strip paster antenna and institute's working medium substrate 403, the size and dimension of medium are closely related, and be simultaneously relevant with shape, size and the material of conductor sheet 404.The output impedance of the determining positions micro-strip paster antenna of distributing point 405.According to the needs of implementing, can select the substrate of unlike material for use, mainly be the dielectric constant of medium, for reducing the size of dieelctric sheet, can select the bigger material of dielectric constant for use.That the shape of the ground plane conductor thin slice of micro-strip paster antenna has is square, rectangle etc., looks different needs and selects.In the embodiment of the invention, the ground plane conductor thin slice 406 of micro-strip paster antenna adopts simple square copper foil, and its size is the wide 18mm that is, long is 18mm, and thick is 4mm.The dielectric constant value of the dielectric substrate 403 of present embodiment micro-strip paster antenna is 40, distributing point 506 positions in the center on the lower side, to make its output impedance be 50 ohm in design.
What Fig. 5 was seen is the backboard of GPS RF front-end module printed circuit board (PCB) 401, its surperficial all standing thin layer Copper Foil.The ground plane conductor thin slice 406 of the micro-strip paster antenna of present embodiment is the thin layer Copper Foil that covers with above-mentioned printed circuit board (PCB) 401 backboards, is to improve to receive the gps signal effect, and the thin layer Copper Foil of ground plane conductor thin slice 406 is adopted gold-plated processing.Micro-strip paster antenna dielectric substrate 403 is close to installation with the thin layer Copper Foil 406 of the backboard of printed circuit board (PCB).Micro-strip paster antenna be the ground plane of antenna; During installation; Micro-strip paster antenna dielectric substrate 403 closely pastes with printed circuit board (PCB) backboard 502 mutually; And ground plane conductive foil 406 links to each other with the ground plane in the front of printed circuit board (PCB) through via hole, and as the ground plane of antenna and other all circuit.
Fig. 6 is the right view of the integrated mounting structure of Fig. 4 embodiment radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna.Paster is equipped with GPS radio frequency front end chip 505, the power module 506 of antenna incoming end 501, impedance matching network 511, low noise amplifier 502, radio frequency band filter 503, impedance matching network 512, crystal oscillator 504, band output interface on the positive plate of GPS RF front-end module printed circuit board (PCB) 401.
The 502nd, low noise amplifier, its input is connected to 401 through impedance matching network 511, and output is connected to the input of band pass filter 503.For suppress noise as far as possible, reduce system noise figure, low noise amplifier 502 should be able to provide 20dB gain at least, and noise figure should be at least less than 1dB simultaneously.Near the gain of low noise amplifier 502 in present embodiment GPS frequency band 1575.42MHz is about 20dB, and noise figure is about 0.8dB.
Radio frequency band filter 503 adopts the filter or the SAW filter of LC network.For the decay to out of band signal is provided, require the quality factor of filter enough high, the insertion loss is little, and frequency characteristic is stable.Adopted SAW filter in the present embodiment, the device that the selected frequency characteristic is good, the insertion loss is little, stability is high, its centre frequency is 1575.42MHz, bandwidth is 2.046MHz, inserts loss and is about 1.5dB.503 output is connected to GPS radio frequency front end chip 505 through impedance matching network 512, and its internal frame diagram is as shown in Figure 6.
504 is crystal oscillator, frequency reference is provided for the GPS radio frequency front end chip.What adopt in the present embodiment is the inclined to one side active crystal oscillator of high precision low frequency, and the frequency of crystal oscillator is 16.367667MHz, and the output of crystal oscillator is received the reference frequency input of GPS radio frequency front end chip 505.GPS radio frequency front end chip 505 has an output interface 507, and the output interface of this GPS radio frequency front end chip is an analog to digital converter.
The internal circuit block diagram of the GPS radio frequency front end chip 505 of the embodiment of the invention is as shown in Figure 7.GPS radio-frequency front-end 505 chips adopt the system architecture of Low Medium Frequency; It comprises low-frequency noise amplifier 701, frequency mixer 702, intermediate-frequency filter 703, intermediate frequency amplifier 704, the digital to analog converter 705 that connects successively; Also will connect the frequency synthesizer 706 of frequency mixer 702, they all are integrated in same chip.The input 711 of GPS radio frequency front end chip 505 connects the output of SAW filter 504, the output 733 of GPS radio-frequency front-end 505 chips, and it connects GPS baseband processing chip 103 as the output interface of integrated GPS radio frequency front end chip.Gps signal is amplified through the integrated low noise amplifier 701 of chip earlier by input 711, and the gps signal after noise further is inhibited send frequency mixer 702.The local oscillation signal of frequency mixer 702 is from the output of frequency synthesizer 706, and frequency synthesizer 706 is a phase-locked loop structures, and its reference frequency input 722 connects crystal oscillator 504; The reference frequency signal of input is added to frequency synthesizer 706, and the output signal of frequency synthesizer 706 is 96 times of crystal oscillator frequency, i.e. 1571.296032MHz; It is as the local oscillation signal of receiver down-conversion, and the gps signal of delivering to frequency mixer 702 and low noise amplifier 701 outputs carries out mixing, the intermediate-freuqncy signal of frequency mixer 702 output down-conversions; Its centre frequency is 4.124MHz; Frequency mixer 702 output signals send intermediate-frequency filter 703 filtering, and intermediate-frequency filter 703 is complex bandpass filters, and its centre frequency fixes on 4.124MHz; Bandwidth is 2MHz; 4.124MHz can be provided near bandpass filtering, can suppress the image frequency interference signal again, the output signal of intermediate-frequency filter 703 is added to intermediate frequency amplifier 704; Intermediate frequency amplifier 704 amplifies the gps signal of intermediate-frequency filter 703 outputs again through automatic gain control intermediate frequency, the output signal is the signal of constant amplitude.Intermediate frequency amplifier 704 output signals are delivered to analog to digital converter 705, and the gps signal of constant amplitude is quantized and encode, and the sample frequency of analog to digital converter is 4 times of IF-FRE, and the figure place that analog-to-digital conversion is exported is 2bit.The faint GPS radiofrequency signal that GPS radio frequency front end chip 505 will receive; Be enlarged into the signal of the constant amplitude of Low Medium Frequency through low noise amplification, down-converted, intermediate frequency filtering, AGC intermediate frequency; And convert into through analog to digital converter and to be fit to the GPS digital medium-frequency signal that digital baseband is handled; GPS radio frequency front end chip 505 is delivered to digital baseband process chip 103 through this output interface of analog to digital converter with the gps signal that quantizes and encode like this.
In sum; Radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna of the present invention; Active antenna and GPS radio frequency chip are installed on the printed circuit board with the compactest mode; On the path of GPS radiofrequency signal conduction, be principle with shortest path and optimum impedance, realize design from micro-strip paster antenna to the GPS radio frequency front end chip.This incorporate radio frequency GPS active antenna, the impedance matching between the consideration radio-frequency module that can be thorough minimizes the conducted signal decay, and the additional noise of introducing minimizes, and reduces noise factor effectively, thereby realizes improving the target of its sensitivity.Through analog simulation and experimental verification, the GPS receiver that adopts the radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna that the present invention realizes and the GPS receiver of prior art at present than, receiving sensitivity can improve 3～5dB.Obviously, the radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna that the present invention realizes can make the systematicness of GPS receiver obtain significant improvement and substantial raising.
After it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that technical scheme of the present invention, under the prerequisite that does not deviate from broad scope of the present invention, can make some changes to the foregoing description.Thereby the present invention is not limited in disclosed specific embodiment.Its scope should contain core of the present invention and the interior all changes of protection range that appended claims limits.
Claims (8)
1. a radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna is characterized in that it comprises micro-strip paster antenna and GPS radio-frequency front-end receiver module;
Wherein GPS radio-frequency front-end receiver module is made up of low noise amplifier, radio frequency band filter, GPS radio-frequency front-end receiving chip, crystal oscillator, power module and impedance matching network;
Said micro-strip paster antenna adopts the micro-strip paster antenna of miniaturization; The low noise amplifier of a noise figure less than 1dB received in its output; The output of low noise amplifier connects a radio frequency band filter; With the outer spurious signal of filtering band; The input of GPS radio-frequency front-end receiving chip is directly received in the output of radio frequency band filter, and described GPS radio-frequency front-end receiving chip comprises low noise amplifier A, down-conversion mixer, an intermediate-frequency filter, an intermediate frequency amplifier and ADC converter that connects successively, also comprises the frequency synthesizer that connects said down-conversion mixer; Down-converted is carried out to gps signal in GPS radio-frequency front-end receiving chip inside, and GPS radio-frequency front-end receiving chip is output as through digitized gps signal;
Input at low noise amplifier and GPS radio-frequency front-end receiving chip respectively connects an impedance matching network, and this impedance matching network is the LC structure.
2. a kind of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that: radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna is the compact mounting structure of a printed circuit board and micro-strip paster antenna module; Wherein:
The micro-strip paster antenna module is made up of the ground plane conductor thin slice of micro-strip paster antenna, dielectric substrate, micro-strip paster antenna and the micro-strip paster antenna distributing point of micro-strip paster antenna; Micro-strip paster antenna is attached on the dielectric substrate of micro-strip paster antenna, and the dielectric substrate of micro-strip paster antenna is attached on the ground plane conductor thin slice of micro-strip paster antenna;
Paster is equipped with low noise amplifier, radio frequency band filter, GPS radio-frequency front-end receiving chip, crystal oscillator, power module and the impedance matching network of GPS radio-frequency front-end receiver module in the front of a printed circuit board;
The back of printed circuit board (PCB) covers one deck Copper Foil, and as the ground plane of micro-strip paster antenna, it also is the ground plane of other all circuit;
The micro-strip paster antenna distributing point of micro-strip paster antenna module is connected to the front signal access point of printed circuit board (PCB) through through hole, and is connected with the input of low noise amplifier through impedance matching network.
3. a kind of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: the shape of the shape of described micro-strip paster antenna and area and printed circuit board (PCB) is close with the area size, and the device of GPS radio-frequency front-end receiver module on printed circuit board (PCB) is that the paster of compact conformation is installed; Making full use of printed circuit board (PCB) backboard area is the ground plane of micro-strip paster antenna; Optimize ground connection and shielding properties; It is short to connect conduction between device, reduces signal conduction loss and noise and introduces, and GPS radio-frequency front-end receiver module is output as digitized signal; Be not subject to disturb, can transmit fartherly and can not bring performance to reduce.
4. a kind of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that: described micro-strip paster antenna places the dielectric substrate surface of ground plane conductor thin slice last layer to constitute by the metal patch of definite shape, and the shape of metal patch comprises rectangle, square and circular; Wherein: the dielectric constant of the performance parameter of micro-strip paster antenna and used medium substrate; The size and dimension of dielectric substrate is closely related; Simultaneously with shape, size and the material of metal patch; And the position of distributing point is also relevant, and the dielectric constant of the shape of the metal patch of micro-strip paster antenna, size and material, feed position and dielectric substrate, size and dimension are obtained through designing and calculating and analog simulation by design software;
The span of the dielectric constant design of dielectric substrate is 30～50; The micro-strip paster antenna optimal design reduces size, and antenna is operated in about the 1575.42MHz frequency, optimizes the position that the micro-strip paster antenna distributing point is set, and making its input impedance is 50 ohm.
5. a kind of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the device performance of said low noise amplifier is: it provides the 20dB power gain at least on the 1575.42MHz frequency, noise figure is less than 1dB;
Be in the said low noise amplifier of the gps signal link first order, its noise figure directly is added on the noise figure of system, selects the low noise amplifier of above-mentioned performance for use for the noise figure that reduces system.
6. a kind of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that: described radio frequency band filter is a passive device; Radio frequency band filter is LC network or SAW filter, and the centre frequency of radio frequency band filter is 1575.42MHz, and bandwidth is 2.046MHz; Insert loss less than 1.5dB, band pass filter ± the outer spurious signal of 40MHz band decays and is superior to 40dB;
Radio frequency band filter carries out preliminary treatment to the gps signal that gets into GPS radio-frequency front-end receiving chip, and the spuious composition of filtering reduces with the influence of outer spurious signal to late-class circuit, prevents to cause GPS radio-frequency front-end receiving chip saturated too early because of the outer interference of bigger band.
7. a kind of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that: the on-chip circuit of described GPS radio-frequency front-end receiving chip comprises low noise amplifier A, down-conversion mixer, intermediate-frequency filter, intermediate frequency amplifier, ADC converter and frequency synthesizer, and is integrated on the chip piece; GPS radio-frequency front-end receiving chip is integrated into radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna, and the output of frequency synthesizer connects the local oscillation signal input of down-conversion mixer; Said intermediate frequency amplifier is an automatic gain control intermediate frequency amplifier;
Gps signal is realized the intermediate-freuqncy signal that is converted into down-conversion of frequency through down-conversion mixer, and converts to through the ADC converter and to be fit to the digital sample intermediate-freuqncy signal that digital baseband chip is handled; GPS radio-frequency front-end receiving chip inserts low noise amplifier A with the gps signal of input; After amplification and noise suppressed, receive down-conversion mixer and realize the conversion of frequency; The local frequency signal that frequency synthesizer provides is received down-conversion mixer; The intermediate-freuqncy signal of down-conversion mixer output is received intermediate-frequency filter; Suppress band outer spuious and noise and image signal, signal is amplified to the treatable level of ADC converter thereby be sent to automatic gain control intermediate frequency amplifier by intermediate-frequency filter output, last; The ADC converter is sampled and is encoded the intermediate-freuqncy signal of the amplification of intermediate frequency amplifier output, converts to be fit to export after the digital sample intermediate-freuqncy signal that digital baseband chip handles.
8. a kind of radio frequency integrated GPS active antenna according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: said crystal oscillator is the active crystal oscillator with auto thermal compensation, and the frequency stability of this active crystal oscillator is superior to 0.5ppm;
It is as the external frequency reference of GPS radio-frequency front-end receiving chip, and as the reference frequency of frequency synthesizer, this frequency reference is also as the clock of digital baseband, and its frequency precision influences directly that numeral is resolved and locating accuracy.
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