CN101306573A - 直接背压反馈控制的电动塑化驱动方法及装置 - Google Patents

直接背压反馈控制的电动塑化驱动方法及装置 Download PDF

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CN101306573A
CN101306573A CNA2008100616179A CN200810061617A CN101306573A CN 101306573 A CN101306573 A CN 101306573A CN A2008100616179 A CNA2008100616179 A CN A2008100616179A CN 200810061617 A CN200810061617 A CN 200810061617A CN 101306573 A CN101306573 A CN 101306573A
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screw mandrel
injection
screw
electric
bearing
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CN101306573B (zh
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许忠斌
黄晓波
罗远强
蔡周永
郑素霞
王珏
施优优
周巨栋
袁卫明
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Zhejiang University ZJU
Zhejiang Sound Machinery Manufacture Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Sound Machinery Manufacture Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C45/47Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould using screws
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C45/77Measuring, controlling or regulating of velocity or pressure of moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C2045/1784Component parts, details or accessories not otherwise provided for; Auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
    • B29C2045/1792Machine parts driven by an electric motor, e.g. electric servomotor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/46Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould
    • B29C45/47Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it into the mould using screws
    • B29C45/50Axially movable screw
    • B29C45/5008Drive means therefor
    • B29C2045/5032Drive means therefor using means for detecting injection or back pressures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2945/00Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76177Location of measurement
    • B29C2945/7618Injection unit
    • B29C2945/76187Injection unit screw
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76344Phase or stage of measurement
    • B29C2945/76367Metering
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76494Controlled parameter
    • B29C2945/76551Time
    • B29C2945/76555Time start
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76655Location of control
    • B29C2945/76658Injection unit
    • B29C2945/76665Injection unit screw
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
    • B29C2945/76Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2945/76655Location of control
    • B29C2945/76658Injection unit
    • B29C2945/76692Injection unit drive means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2945/00Indexing scheme relating to injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种直接背压反馈控制的电动塑化驱动方法及装置。装置包括注射伺服电机、计量伺服电机、电动塑化传动机构、控制器,电动塑化传动机构包括螺杆、计量齿轮、轴承、压力传感器、丝杆、注射齿轮,螺杆上设有计量齿轮,螺杆端部设有轴承、压力传感器,丝杆一端设有轴承座空腔结构,丝杆上设有注射齿轮。方法是将丝杆设计成前端带有轴承座空腔结构,螺杆通过轴承顶在丝杆的前端,螺杆和丝杆连接处设置压力传感器;根据注塑成型工艺,输入背压设定值,通过压力在线测量,直接反馈控制伺服电机驱动,进行预塑、计量和注射的协调动作。本发明解决了电动注塑装置中伺服电机之间的动作配合问题,结构简单,易于制造,成本低。

Description

直接背压反馈控制的电动塑化驱动方法及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种直接背压反馈控制的电动塑化驱动方法及装置。
背景技术
在现有技术中,塑料注射成型机械常用的注射装置多为液压式驱动机构,在预塑时,螺杆背压作用后退时,由于注射油缸卸压后,活塞可以随螺杆一起往后退,螺杆的塑化运动和注射动作之间不会产生相互影响。但随着随着塑料制品加工业的进一步成熟,对塑料机械也提出了越来越高的要求。为实现高效、精密、节能的目标,近年来电液复合式注塑机和全电动式注塑机得到迅速发展。其中,电动塑化驱动装置是一个关键部件。就电动塑化装置而言,由于注射过程的直线运动是伺服电机通过丝杆结构来驱动的,注塑完成后,丝杆电机有自锁作用,即使在压力下也不会后退。所以,只有通过伺服电机的反转来实现丝杆的复位。同时,在螺杆旋转时,不能带动丝杆一起旋转,否则会因为丝杆结构的自锁作用而使整个装置卡死。因此,螺杆和丝杆必须是分开的两个部分。在注射时,丝杆能够推动螺杆向前运动,而在预塑阶段,螺杆的旋转运动不能对丝杆产生影响,并且两者能同时后退,完成预塑和丝杆的复位。目前,大多数的全电动式注塑机在完成两者的配合方面使用高精密的控制系统。虽然能对整个过程作精密的控制,但需要一套要求很高的驱动控制系统,使得技术和加工制造要求很高。而且,易产生卡死现象或丝杆受损,也不适用于小型注塑机。
国外也有另一种采用电磁铁来达到背压控制的方法。根据背压设定值换算而来的电流作用于电磁铁,激发电磁铁产生吸引力。该种结构只是相当于在十分之一注射压力的负载下进行背压控制,需使用专门的电磁铁,控制精确,但其成本昂贵。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种结构简单、制造成本低廉、运行方便、易于更换维修的直接背压反馈控制的电动塑化驱动方法及装置。
直接背压反馈控制的电动塑化驱动装置包括注射伺服电机、计量伺服电机、电动塑化传动机构、控制器,电动塑化传动机构包括螺杆、计量齿轮、轴承、压力传感器、丝杆、注射齿轮,螺杆上设有计量齿轮,螺杆端部设有轴承、压力传感器,丝杆一端设有与轴承相配合的轴承座空腔结构,丝杆上设有注射齿轮;控制器包括处理器、放大滤波电路、A/D转换器和模拟开关。
直接背压反馈控制的电动塑化驱动方法是将丝杆设计成前端带有与轴承相配合的轴承座空腔结构,螺杆通过轴承顶在丝杆的前端,螺杆和丝杆连接处设置压力传感器;根据注塑成型工艺,输入背压设定值,通过压力在线测量,直接反馈控制伺服电机驱动,进行预塑、计量和注射的协调动作。
本发明与现有技术相比具有的有益效果:
1)结构简单,制造方便。在丝杆前端加工一个空腔,用来安放轴承和螺杆尾部,同时只需在螺杆和丝杆连接处装一片压力传感器。过程简单方便,易于实施。
2)成本低廉,对于控制器的要求不高,只需要控制器里写入一个设定值即可,可以免去复杂控制器的昂贵费用。并且丝杆的加工很方便,压力传感器的价格也不高,使得结构的成本较低。
3)操作简单。对于不同的物料,不同的注塑要求,只要把控制器里的压力设定值改变即可,不需要更换丝杆或是压力传感器。
4)维修方便。压力传感器的更换十分方便,磨损后只需重新安装一片即可。
附图说明
图1是直接背压反馈控制的电动塑化驱动装置结构示意图;
图2是本发明的控制原理框图;
图3是本发明的软件流程图;
图中:螺杆1、计量伺服电机2、计量齿轮3、轴承4、压力传感器5、丝杆6、注射齿轮7、注射伺服电机8。
具体实施方式
在电液复合式注塑机中的电动塑化单元,采用本发明提出的直接背压反馈控制的方法,设计电动塑化驱动装置。计量/塑化及注射均采用伺服电机驱动,开合模采用电液复合式机构,移模采用电机驱动,锁模采用液压驱动,可达到较高的精度和节能效果。
如图1所示,直接背压反馈控制的电动塑化驱动装置包括注射伺服电机、计量伺服电机、电动塑化传动机构、控制器,电动塑化传动机构包括螺杆1、计量齿轮3、轴承4、压力传感器5、丝杆6、注射齿轮7,螺杆1上设有计量齿轮3,螺杆1端部设有轴承4、压力传感器5,丝杆6一端设有与轴承4相配合的轴承座空腔结构,丝杆6上设有注射齿轮7。
在注射时,计量伺服电机2处于停转状态。注射伺服电机8工作,通过丝杆结构把伺服电机的旋转运动转换成丝杆的直线运动,丝杆与螺杆此时顶紧,推动螺杆往前运动,进行物料的注射。当注射结束后,螺杆准备开始旋转预塑。此时,注射伺服电机8停转,计量伺服电机2开始工作,带动螺杆旋转。由于螺杆和丝杆是分开的两部分,而且螺杆与丝杆连接处装有轴承,使得螺杆可以自由转动而不会带动丝杆旋转,防止了丝杆自锁引起的卡死现象。预塑物料不断往螺杆头部输送,螺杆头部压力越来越大,推动螺杆往后退。但由于丝杆顶紧螺杆,螺杆不能直接后退,而是使螺杆尾部和丝杆之间的压力越来越大。此时,位于螺杆与丝杆连接处的压力传感器准确地把压力测量值传送到控制器里,与压力设定值进行比较。当压力传感器的测量值超过设定值时,控制器控制注射伺服电机8开始反转,丝杆往后退。螺杆与丝杆间保持一定的压力,同时不断往后退,直至完成计量过程和丝杆的复位,为下一次注射做准备。其中,螺杆的后退是由于背压的作用推动的,而丝杆的后退则是因为注射伺服电机8反转带动的。
当计量结束后,又开始下一轮的注射过程。
直接背压反馈控制的电动塑化驱动装置的主要性能指标:
(1)注射速度800mm/s;
(2)注射压力230MPa;
(3)位置控制精度±0.01mm;
(4)注射量精度±0.3%;
(5)注射十级可调,保压转换点准确,重复精度高,保压压力稳定;
(6)实现网络远程监视、故障诊断和在线编程功能。
直接背压反馈控制的电动塑化驱动方法是将丝杆6设计成前端带有与轴承4相配合的轴承座空腔结构,螺杆1通过轴承顶在丝杆6的前端,螺杆和丝杆连接处设置压力传感器;根据注塑成型工艺,输入背压设定值,通过压力在线测量,直接反馈控制伺服电机驱动,进行预塑、计量和注射的协调动作。
具体步骤包括:①根据注塑成型工艺,输入一个背压设定值;②在预塑时,注射伺服电机旋转,物料往前输送,螺杆与丝杆处产生背压,由压力传感器在线测量并送往控制器;③控制器把测量值和设定值进行比较,控制计量伺服电机反转,使丝杆和螺杆同时后退,完成计量并使丝杆复位。
压力设定值可以根据不同的需要,方便地调节。例如,根据注塑工艺及注塑物料要求,并考虑伺服电机规格,预先在控制器里设定一个压力设定值。设定值的作用就是用来和测量值进行比较,当测量值达到设定值时,控制器就控制注射电机反转,使丝杆复位。综上所述,本发明直接背压反馈控制的电动塑化驱动装置,能够实现电动注射和塑化的协调工作,并且具有结构简单,操作容易等优点。
如图2所示,本发明的控制原理:在一个注射周期结束后,流程进入塑化计量阶段。处理器送出控制信号,启动计量伺服电机,带动螺杆正向旋转,源源不断地向前输送物料。熔融物料在料筒前端聚集,产生压力推动螺杆进行后退计量。压力传感器用来测量螺杆和丝杆之间的压力值大小,由模拟开关控制进行信号的采集。从压力传感器得出的电压信号经过放大滤波,再经A/D转换变为数字信号送入处理器中。处理器按照预先设定的程序对压力反馈值和设定值进行处理,从而得出控制信号,驱动计量伺服电机和注射伺服电机协同动作,进一步带动塑化螺杆和滚珠丝杆协同后退。这样就避免了两者之间压力过大而造成结构上的损害。
如图3所示,本发明的软件流程:计量开始后,物料往前输送并在螺杆头部产生压力,使螺杆有向后退的趋势。此时控制器判断计量是否结束,若计量结束,则使计量伺服电机停转。若计量还没结束,由压力传感器测量压力值电信号,通过A/D转换,送到控制器里和设定值进行比较判断,若压力值大于设定值,则控制注射伺服电机开始反转,并继续回到计量处进行下一次控制循环;若压力值小于设定值,则直接回到计量处,进行下一次控制循环。如此一直进行循环控制,直到计量结束,跳出循环,完成计量和丝杆的复位。

Claims (2)

1.一种直接背压反馈控制的电动塑化驱动装置,其特征在于包括注射伺服电机、计量伺服电机、电动塑化传动机构、控制器,电动塑化传动机构包括螺杆1、计量齿轮3、轴承4、压力传感器5、丝杆6、注射齿轮7,螺杆1上设有计量齿轮3,螺杆1端部设有轴承4、压力传感器5,丝杆6一端设有与轴承4相配合的轴承座空腔结构,丝杆6上设有注射齿轮7;控制器包括处理器、放大滤波电路、A/D转换器和模拟开关。
2.一种使用如权利要求1所述装置的直接背压反馈控制的电动塑化驱动方法,其特征在于将丝杆6设计成前端带有与轴承4相配合的轴承座空腔结构,螺杆1通过轴承顶在丝杆6的前端,螺杆和丝杆连接处设置压力传感器;根据注塑成型工艺,输入背压设定值,通过压力在线测量,直接反馈控制伺服电机驱动,进行预塑、计量和注射的协调动作。
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101856862A (zh) * 2009-04-13 2010-10-13 Ls美创有限公司 能够控制背压的注射装置
CN103182769A (zh) * 2013-03-24 2013-07-03 北京化工大学 一种全电动超高速注塑机
CN103481479A (zh) * 2012-06-11 2014-01-01 发那科株式会社 注塑成型机的压力控制装置
CN104972604A (zh) * 2015-06-02 2015-10-14 苏州乔布注塑工业有限公司 一种新型注塑机
WO2020216224A1 (zh) * 2019-04-23 2020-10-29 苏州锦珂塑胶科技有限公司 一种塑化动力和注射动力协作的注塑机

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101856862A (zh) * 2009-04-13 2010-10-13 Ls美创有限公司 能够控制背压的注射装置
CN101856862B (zh) * 2009-04-13 2013-10-16 Ls美创有限公司 能够控制背压的注射装置
CN103481479A (zh) * 2012-06-11 2014-01-01 发那科株式会社 注塑成型机的压力控制装置
CN103481479B (zh) * 2012-06-11 2015-10-28 发那科株式会社 注塑成型机的压力控制装置
CN103182769A (zh) * 2013-03-24 2013-07-03 北京化工大学 一种全电动超高速注塑机
CN104972604A (zh) * 2015-06-02 2015-10-14 苏州乔布注塑工业有限公司 一种新型注塑机
WO2020216224A1 (zh) * 2019-04-23 2020-10-29 苏州锦珂塑胶科技有限公司 一种塑化动力和注射动力协作的注塑机

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