CN101304900A - Panel structure - Google Patents

Abstract

A panel structure (300) and a method of forming the panel structure (300) are disclosed. The panel structure (300) typically includes at least one panel (302, 304) or support (306) associated with an activatable material (310). The panel structure (300) has been found particularly advantageous for use as an interior panel of an airplane although multiple other uses are contemplated as well.

Description

Battened construction

Priority request

The application requires to enjoy the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/729 of application on October 25th, 2005,911, the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/734 of application on November 8th, 2005, the U. S. application No.11/551 of application on October 19th, 472 and 2006,020 the applying date, all these the application for all purposes by being incorporated herein by reference.

Technical field

A kind of battened construction of relate generally to of the present invention, it comprises and is used to provide reinforcing, water conservancy diversion (baffling), sealing, fringing (edging), sound absorption, damping or decay, thermal insulation, above these the one or more laths and the material of combination or the like.

Background technology

For many years, innovation structure and/or the material that design helps to provide for goods functional attributes paid close attention in industry especially transit industry always, this attribute for example is reinforcing, water conservancy diversion, fringing, sealing, sound absorption, damping or decay, thermal insulation, above these combination or the like, and these goods for example are aircraft, power actuated vehicle, building, furniture or the like.In order to continue this innovation, the invention provides a kind of battened construction with one or more desired function attributes.

Summary of the invention

A kind of inside battened construction that is used for transportation means comprises at least one lath, and more typically comprises first lath relative with second lath.But the band of active material and at least one lath is adjacent and extend along the neighboring area of battened construction.For example, but active material can the gap of neighboring area between first lath and second lath of winding board bar structure in.But active material can have one or more following features and composition: 1) ductility level, it allows material to be extended, so that second cross-sectional area of described material can become less than the first original cross-sectional area of the described material at the same position place before splitting at material half; And foamer, hardener or both.

Description of drawings

Feature of the present invention and the each side of being invented will become clearer when reading the following specific embodiment, claim and accompanying drawing, below be brief description of the drawings:

Fig. 1 is the part sectional view of perspective of the part of the exemplary lath structure that forms according to an aspect of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the transparent view of the thin plate with the polylith material that distributes thereon of illustrative aspects according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the exemplary perspective internal view of aircraft according to an aspect of the present invention.

Fig. 4 A is before the activation of material in structure, the part sectional view of the perspective of the part of exemplary lath structure.

Fig. 4 B is before the activation of material in structure, the part sectional view of the perspective of the part of the exemplary lath structure of Fig. 4 A.

Fig. 5 is the transparent view according to the additional or alternative embodiment of battened construction of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is the transparent view according to another additional or alternative embodiment of battened construction of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the transparent view according to another additional or alternative embodiment of battened construction of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is the transparent view according to another additional or alternative embodiment of battened construction of the present invention.

Fig. 9-13 shows the formation of battened construction according to an aspect of the present invention.

Figure 13 A, 13B, 14A and 14B show expandable material of the present invention, and it is elongated so that one or more characteristics of expandable material to be shown.

Figure 15 is the transparent view of the bottom side of exemplary aircraft;

Figure 16 is the lateral plan that is arranged in the exemplary lath structure in the aircraft storehouse of Figure 15.

The specific embodiment

The present invention relates to a kind of battened construction and a kind of method that forms battened construction of goods.This battened construction comprises at least one lath and the material of link to each other with this at least one lath (for example stacked or layering).Typically, this material is arranged between first lath and second lath, although be not essential.This material is functional material typically also, and it provides reinforcing, water conservancy diversion, sealing, sound absorption, fringing, noise reduction, sound attenuating, thermal insulation, above these combination or the like for battened construction and/or the goods that comprise this battened construction.

It should be understood that battened construction can be used in the various products.Exemplary products comprises family or industrial appliance (for example, dish-washing machine, laundry machine, dryer or the like), furniture, storage container or the like.In one embodiment, battened construction is used to transportation means (for example power actuated vehicle, ship, aircraft or the like).When being used for transportation means, found that battened construction is particularly useful as inner battened construction (for example being exposed to the lath of the interior compartment part of instrument).In one embodiment, found that battened construction is particularly useful as the inside battened construction of aviation instrument (for example aircraft).Similarly, battened construction of the present invention is primarily aimed at aircraft and discusses, however the present invention be not limited, except as otherwise noted.

With reference to Fig. 1, show an illustrative embodiments of the inside battened construction 10 of aircraft according to an aspect of the present invention.Battened construction 10 comprises first or the inner lath 12 relative with second or outer strip 14.Battened construction 10 also comprises the complex 16 in the middle of first lath 12 and second lath 14.

It will be appreciated that what lath of the present invention (for example first lath 12 with second lath 14) can be with required or expectation is the same thin or thick.For illustrative purpose, the thickness of lath is at least about 0.03mm but can be still less typically, more typically about at least 0.2mm, and even more typically be at least about 0.4mm, and typically less than about 0.5cm but can be bigger, typically less than about 3mm and even more typically less than about 1mm.

First lath 12 and second lath 14 are shown as general planar, yet, should be realized that configuration first lath 12 and second lath 14 can and need as expectation.Usually, such configuration will depend on lath 12,14, battened construction 10 or above both be mounted in position in aircraft or other goods.

First lath 12 and second lath 14 can be formed by various materials.Exemplary materials comprises metal, polymeric material (for example plastics, elastic body, thermoplastic material, thermosetting material, above these combination or the like).The also available mineral of the material of lath, lamination coating (for example glass, carbon or nylon fiber), above these combination or the like are reinforced.In one embodiment, first lath 12 is formed by glass fibre/plastics complex, and second lath 14 is formed by metal or metal alloy.

As shown in the figure, the material 22 (for example host material (matrix material) or functional material) that complex 16 comprises support 20 and becomes one with support 20, yet, should be realized that battened construction 10 can only comprise material 22 and not have support 20.Support 20 can form different shape and structure, for example ripple, crystal lattice structure or the like.Shown in special embodiment in, support 20 is honeycomb structures, it defines a plurality of openings of material 22 being placed or be set in it.

When comprising support, support is typically formed by the polymeric material that for example is thermoplastic or thermoset polymer material, and it is available or reinforce without mineral or lamination coating (for example glass, carbon or nylon fiber).Yet should be realized that, support also can by several additional or alternative materials for example metal, lamination coating (for example cardboard, paper material), above these combination or the like form, this material can be coated can be not coated yet.

Material

Typically, material 22 makes battened construction 10 goods of battened construction (or comprise) have reinforcing, water conservancy diversion, sealing, sound absorption, damping or decay, thermal insulation, above these combination or the like.Thereby material can show higher-strength to weight ratio, higher acoustic attenuation feature, above these combination or the like.

Typically, material 22 is selected so that it can activate under desired conditions.Just as used herein, can activate and refer to when being exposed to certain situation maybe when combination particular chemical thing (for example binary material) material softening (for example fusing), sclerosis, expansion, foaming or above these combination.Typically, when activating, material is wettable, and preferably is bonded to adjacently situated surfaces on (for example by lath 12,14, support 20 or above these the surface that combination provided).

In a preferred embodiment, typically be used for reinforcing, material has than the glass transition temperature after the higher sclerosis of its any temperature that material was exposed in desired environment for use (for example in aircraft or power actuated vehicle).Glass transition temperature after the exemplary sclerosis can be greater than about 80 degrees centigrade, more preferably greater than about 100 degrees centigrade.The feature of other expectations of material can comprise good adhesion confining force and resistance to aging, especially hostile environment for example temperature environment change the environment violent, that dynamic moving is violent, above these combination or the like.For specific embodiment (for example expecting damping and sound absorption), material can be in softer or sticky state, or it can become firmer, especially during the glass transition temperature after it has lower sclerosis.

Material can be themoplasticity, thermoset or these compound.According to an embodiment of the invention; material is material, the poly-mer that contains ethene that contains epoxy, the poly-mer that contains acetate or acrylate or these compound; its with suitable composition (being generally foamer, hardener and possible filler) when mixing, usually can apply heat or another activate when stimulating with reliable and predictable mode expand, sclerosis or both have.Thereby according to an embodiment, but exemplary materials can be heat activated and/or have the epoxy of bubbling character.Certainly, material can activate by other conditioned disjunction.Usually should be realized that especially for the strong material that expands, but active material can comprise or based on elastic body (for example rubber), acetate, acrylate or above these combination.

Treat the hot activation material from chemical standpoint, this material is handled as thermoplastic material usually at first before sclerosis.After sclerosis, material typically becomes fixing and can't carry out the thermoset material that any substance flows.For example, comprising in the example of commercial available optimization formula can be from L﹠amp; The name that L Products Inc.of Romeo, Michigan obtain is called L-0502, L-0504, L-1066, L-2105, L-2190, L-2663, L-5204, L-5206, L-5207, L-5208, L-5214, L-5218, L-5222, L-5248, L-6000, L-7102, L-7220, L-8000, L-8100, L-8110, L-8115, L-9000 or above these the prescription of combination.Should be realized that material can have one or more sides and/or the in-to-in glass fibre of material or other the textile material that is integrated into material.

Material 22 can form by using various treatment technologies, machinework or the like.Comprise the extruding of injection moulding, blowing, thermoforming, employing list or double screw extruder or adopt the extruding of small-sized applicator extrusion press for the possible treatment technology of preferred material.Material also can be used as blown film or press mold forms, especially before expanding.

Although disclose preferred material, other material also can be used for the present invention.The selection of employed material 22 typically do as one likes can require and specifically the economic conditions of application and demand decide.For example, other possible materials include, but are not limited to polyolefin, have the copolymer of at least one haplotype alpha-olefin and terpolymer, phenol/formaldehyde materials, phenoxy group material, typically have polyurethane (comprising polyureas) and these the compound or a complex (comprising solid or porous metal alternatively) of high glass transition temperature.Also referring to US Patent 5,766,719; 5,755,486; 5,575,526; 5,932,680 (by being incorporated herein by reference).

At material is in the application of hot activation material, for example when adopting heat fusing, expansion, sclerosis and/or foaming material, a key factor relevant with prescription with the selection of material can be material activate, harden or both the time temperature.In majority was used, what do not expect was under ambient temperature in production or assembly environment or the room temperature material to be activated.Usually be desirably in active material under the higher treatment temperature.The representative type activationary temperature is at about at least 120 °F or still less, more typically about at least 190 °F, more typically about at least 230 °F, even more typically about at least 265 °F, and typically less than about 600 °F or bigger, more typically less than about 450 °F, even more typically less than about 350 °F, and more typically less than about 275 °F.Typically be exposed to such temperature and reach a period of time, at least be 10 minutes or still less, more typically about at least 20 minutes and even more typically about at least 30 minutes, and typically less than about 300 minutes or bigger, more typically less than about 180 minutes and even more typically less than about 90 minutes.

Although material 22 can be by hot activation, it can stimulate otherwise additional or alternatively activate with sclerosis, expansion, bonding, above these combination or the like by other.In the case of unrestricted, can be by the stimulation that substitutes for example pressure, humidity, chemicals, ultraviolet radiation, electron ray, induction, electromagnetic radiation or activate such material by other environmental conditions.As specific examples, material can be the binary bonding material, its expansion when a kind of composition is increased to another kind, sclerosis, bonding or above these combination.For example, first composition/second composition material comprises epoxy/amine material and epoxy/sour material.

Structure

Battened construction of the present invention can form according to various rules.Material can be applied directly to lath, support or above both.Then, material can be activated with softening, sclerosis, expansion or above these combination, with material is wetting and with material adhesion to lath, support or above both.Should be realized that material can be by preactivate, be applied to subsequently lath, support or above both.Should be realized that further one or more adhesivess can be used for interconnecting lath, material, support or above these combination.

When material 22 with have Fig. 1 for example in the support 20 of opening of honeycomb structure when engaging, various different technologies can be used to material 22 is offered opening.In one embodiment and with reference to Fig. 2, the piece 30 of material 22 can be provided on surface 34, according to the pattern of the opening of support 20, this surface can be or the part of another lath of the lath 12,14 of battened construction 10.Then, piece 30 is positioned within the opening of support 20, and by surface 34 and support 22 are retained in these pieces on the surface 34 near two mutually.In this embodiment, but the artificially or automatically provide piece 30 to the surface 34.For example, can use extrusion press (for example using extruding technology in place) that piece 30 is provided to surface 34.Also can the artificially or automatically (for example adopt extrusion press with or push technology in place) piece 30 of material 22 is applied directly in the opening of support 20.The technology that being used in these embodiments pushed this material is the US Patent of owning together 5 of " Method and Apparatus for Applying Flowable Materials " at the title of application on January 14th, 2003,358,397 and Application No. 10/342, open in 025, the folding both for all purposes by being incorporated herein by reference.

In an alternative embodiment, and, should be realized that two laths all can be formed by the piece 30 of material (for example expandable material) and material with reference to Fig. 2.In this embodiment, the lath of material will typically be used for piece and support are adhered to of lath 12,14.

In another embodiment, the piece (for example the same with bead or powder) of material 22 a plurality of by distributing (for example 3,6,20,100 or more) material 22 and is applied to support 20 in each opening of support 20.Such piece can pour into, spray or other modes are assigned in the opening of support 20.

Before the activation of material 22, during or afterwards, lath 12,14 can be attached to support 20, material 22 or above both.Thereby in one embodiment, material 22 is activated with softening, expansion, sclerosis or above these combination, afterwards lath 12,14 is attached to material.In the embodiment that illustrates, material 22 is activated with softening (for example fusing), expansion and wetting support 20, simultaneously and/or harden afterwards and adhere to support 20, forms complex 16 thus.Afterwards, lath 12,14 adheres to the two opposite sides of the complex 16 with adhesive phase 40,42 respectively.

In another embodiment, one or two in the lath 12,14 are arranged to material 22, support 20 or above both are adjacent (for example, being arranged to adjacent with the two opposite sides of material 22 and/or support 20).Then, material 22 is activated, with in softening (for example fusing), expansion and wetting support 20 and the lath 12,14 one or two, meanwhile and/or its after cure and adhere to support and lath 12,14 in one or two.In this embodiment, material 22, complex 16 or above both can be attached to lath 12,14 and the adhesive phase 40,42 that do not need to add, although also can additionally comprise these these mixture layers.And in this embodiment, interim annex (for example fastener) can be used for locating each other lath 12,14, material 22 and support 20 (if use) at least before material 22 activates.

In another specific implementations, with reference to Fig. 4 A and 4B, the second layer 56 that battened construction 48 has the ground floor 50 of the material 22 between first side 52 that is arranged in first lath 12 and support 20 and is arranged in the material 22 between second side 58 of second lath 14 and support 20.

In case typically automatically, artificially or good by above these combine and assemble, the layer 50,56 of material 22 just is activated, with softening, expand and sclerosis.Can find that layer 50,56 is wetting and adhere to support 20 (the especially side 52,58 of support) and adhere on the side of lath 12,14. Layer 50,56 can also expand and enter also at least a portion of the opening of filling bracket 20.Be that layer 50,56 also can provide reinforcing, structure integrity, noise reduction and/or vibration damping, sound absorption or above these combination for battened construction 48 valuably.And described in above-mentioned embodiment, material 22 and the not shown opening that is arranged in the more center of support 20 among Fig. 4 A and the 4B should be realized that such material can be provided with and use in addition as mentioned above so.

One preferred embodiment in, the material 22 of battened construction under lath pressure by hot activation.In order to activate, the element of battened construction (being material 22, layer 52,56, support 20 and lath 12,14 or above these combination) can be as mentioned above or other modes assemble.Afterwards, battened construction is supplied to the lath press, and make this battened construction bear following temperature at this place, this temperature typically is higher than about 150 °F, more typically be higher than about 200 °F, and even more typically be higher than about 265 °F, and be lower than about 550 °F, more typically be lower than about 420 °F, even more typically be lower than about 350 °F.Typically about at least 10 minutes time period is kept in such exposure, more typically about at least 30 minutes, and even more typical about at least 60 minutes, and less than about 360 minutes, more typically less than about 180 minutes, and more typically less than about 90 minutes.And in press, typically pressure is applied to battened construction, make battened construction element (being material 22, layer 52,56, support 20 and lath 12,14 or above these combination) mutually in opposite directions.Valuably, material can typically provide for reinforcing support is adhered to more fully.

Should be realized that in addition other additional or alternative technology can be used for the formation of auxiliary battened construction.Such technology can comprise vacuum forming and cure, hot-pressing processing and extruding, other or above these combination.Such technology can help form the lath with configuration.The heating of these technology and time period can be with above-mentioned those be identical, but perhaps can be owing to employed active material difference.

Use

As described, battened construction 10 can be used for multiple different goods, for example transportation means (for example power actuated vehicle), building, furniture or the like.Typically, although and unnecessary, can adopt battened construction to form one of them inside of these goods.Battened construction comprises in this embodiment of two laths at least therein, at least one lath of battened construction typically is exposed to and/or limits at least partly the inner open area of goods, and the main body of the more close goods of another lath of battened construction.For example, under construction, the in-to-in or first lath will typically be exposed to and/or limit the inside in room of building, and exterior or second lath exterior building material of more close building (for example brick, wallboard etc.) typically.As another embodiment, in power actuated vehicle, the in-to-in or first lath will typically be exposed to and/or limit the vehicle inside cabin at least partly, and exterior or second lath main body of more close vehicle typically.

With reference to figure 3, should be realized that in addition battened construction 10 can be used for a plurality of positions in inner 60.For example, but be not limited to this, lath can form door 62, top packing compartments 64, side plate 66, archway 68, top board 70, above these combination or the like partly or entirely.Lath also can be used for aircraft wing, floor panel structure or the like.

When structure 10 is used interior of aircraft, first or inner lath 12 will typically be exposed to and/or limit at least partly the interior compartment 60 of aircraft.Second or outer strip 14 fuselage of more close aircraft typically.Certainly, these laths are interchangeable.In addition, lath can be arranged away from fuselage, and the interior compartment that can or can be exposed to aircraft.For example lath can be sealed (for example inside of the interior door of aircraft) fully and maybe can cover (for example, as in the floor of aircraft) with carpet.Should be appreciated that, typically the lath of the most close interior compartment 60 (for example first lath) can be covered by cover attractive in appearance, this cover for example is coating, wallpaper, plastics lace, cloth, leather, above these combination or the like, and lath can also limit this interior compartment 60.

According to various technology, battened construction 10 can be attached to the fuselage of aircraft.Usually, should be realized that, second or outer strip 14 can be connected directly or indirectly to or be attached to fuselage, and can be attached to it by fastener, adhesives, interference fit, supporting construction, above these combination or the like.

When being integrated in the support with described material of the present invention as shown in FIG. 1, these materials can also provide significant acoustic damping characteristic for lath except other characteristics being given the lath.When shown in Fig. 4 A and 4B and described when material is used for the two opposite sides of support, material can also provide significant structure integrity for lath except other characteristics being given the lath.Thus, should be appreciated that the material that is integrated in the support can be with to adhere to the employed material of two opposite sides be different or can be identical.For example, at material not simultaneously, should be realized that,, but be integrated into material cubic expansion at least 10% in the support with the expansion phase ratio of material at opposite sides, more typically at least 30%, even more typically 100%.Just as used in this, inflatable 210% the material that reaches its original magnet, the inflatable material that reaches its initial volume 200% of volumetric expansion ratio surpasses 10%, and can carry out similar calculating to other percentum.Usually, the material of more specifically selecting higher expansion to be being used for acoustic damping, and the material of selecting low bulk more is to be used to provide structure integrity.

As the additional of above-mentioned embodiment or substitute, should be realized that, but activated or active material, support or above these combination can be filled in whole, a part of, the suitable major part or whole basically of volume between two laths.The volume of filling can depend on the consideration to expectation strength, expectation sound absorption or the like.

In Fig. 5, show an embodiment of battened construction 80, it has the active material 82 (for example foam) of a part that is filled into the volume 84 between first lath 86 (for example resistance panel) and second lath 88.In illustrated embodiment, active material 82 is positioned at the opening 90 of support 92.Typically, although and unnecessary, between material 82 (for example foam and the space or the capsule that limit by foam), support 92 or above both filling-in boards at least 5% of volume, more typically at least 15%, even more typically at least 30%.Although and unnecessary, material 82, support 92 or above both fillings typically between the lath volume less than 90%, more typically less than 75%, even more typically less than 60%.

If desired, because one or more factors for example configuration or other factors of the employed material of battened construction, battened construction element, illustrated specific implementations can show higher sound absorption degree.Usually, lath 86,88 can be formed by any material described herein or other materials.Yet, according to a preferred implementation, first lath 86 is formed by fabric (for example upholstery, felt material, silk screen) or non-woven material, this non-woven material comprises or formed by poly-mer, glass fibre, natural fiber, metal (for example aluminium, steel, magnesium, above these combination or the like), metal fibre, above these combination or the like fully substantially, and these non-woven material can inweave in the fabric, moulding, extruding or other modes are shaped or handle.First lath 86 is typically formed by the material that allows sound wave to pass, and this material can provide a certain amount of acoustic resistance in addition.Usually, should be realized that the material of first lath can impermeable fluid or can osmotic fluid.

Similar to first lath, second lath 88 also can be formed by any suitable material described herein.For example, second lath 88 can comprise or all be formed by epoxy/glass fiber prepreg (prepreg) or complex substantially.Support 92 can also be formed by any suitable material described herein.In described embodiment, support 92 is to be similar to the described honeycomb structure of Fig. 1.

For forming the battened construction of Fig. 5, according to any technology described herein, active material can be positioned at the inside of the opening of honeycomb.According to an embodiment, but the active material and second lath 88 near and expand or bubble (for example by as described herein for heat exposure) to the inside of the opening 90 of support 92, its apart from or degree be desired.Preferably, after activating, active material 82 has occupied with lower volume, but this volume be before activating the occupied volume of active material at least 150%, more typically at least 400%, even more typically 800%.Valuably, but expansion that should active material makes active material 82 partial volume at least 84 between the filling-in board 86,88 effectively.

Additional and substitute as another of above-mentioned embodiment, should be realized that battened construction of the present invention can comprise the material of higher-strength in a whole battened construction or an one zone.Valuably, this material or zone can help to battened construction provides structure integrity, especially are attached to the position of battened construction at element.

With reference to Fig. 6, show exemplary lath structure 100, this battened construction has first lath 102 and second lath 104.Battened construction also is included in support 106 between first lath 102 and second lath 104 and one or more active material 108,110.Should be appreciated that any element of battened construction 100 can be formed by any suitable material described herein or other materials, unless otherwise mentioned.This element can assemble or apply mutually by using any suitable or other technology described herein in addition, unless otherwise mentioned.

As appreciiable, the battened construction 100 of Fig. 6 comprises the higher-strength zone 116 that limits as dotted line.Although be illustrated as cylindrically, zone 116 also can be used and is shaped on demand according to its expection.High intensity region 116 by its true institute of active material 108 with higher-strength limit.For example, material 108 can have following compressive strength, and it reaches about 0.7MPa (but may still less) at least, more typically at least about 1.5MPa, even more typical at least approximately 2.5MPa.If desired, this compression strength value can be measured according to car gage ASTMD-1621.Except that compressive strength, material 108 can have 100MPa compression modulus at least, but also can be still less, more typically about at least 150MPa, even more typically about at least 200MPa.Preferably, the active material 108 of Fig. 6 is a kind of structural foams, and it activates according to technology described here, yet material 108 also can be selected from another material described herein or other materials, unless otherwise mentioned.

In Fig. 6, high intensity region 116 is centered on by hypo-intense region 120 or is adjacent, yet, should be appreciated that all battened constructions 100 can be high intensity region.Hypo-intense region 120 limits by the fact that activated material 110 has less than the compressive strength of the active material 108 of high intensity region 116.For example, the compressive strength of the material of hypo-intense region can be less than 90% of the compressive strength of high intensity region 116, less than its 80%, even less than its 60%.

Usually, for active material, the high intensity region material be by can activating or expandable material forms, and this material has than being used to form activating or expansion percentum that expandable material is lower of hypo-intense region material.Such relative expansion level is discussed and is applied to this above.Should be realized that this low-intensity material can be configured with described as shown in Figure 5.Valuably, the zone 116 of high intensity region such as Fig. 6 is particularly suited for having one or more elements and is attached on it.In Fig. 6, element 130 is depicted as just before element 130 is attached to high intensity region 116.Shown element 130 is handle (for example grip handles), yet it can be a plurality of different elements, for example moulded parts, picture, advertisement, mirror, other element, above these combination or the like.Typically, element will comprise that one or more fasteners are used for element is attached to battened construction.In Fig. 6, element 130 comprises a plurality of fasteners 134 (for example screw, rivet, anchor clamps or the like), it can be attached to directly or indirectly and (for example be threadably fastened to, insert or the like) high intensity region 116, this high intensity region 116 comprises or any combination in active material 118, lath 102,104 and/or the support 106.

Additional and substitute as another of above-mentioned embodiment, should be realized that battened construction of the present invention can comprise one or more bigger openings (for example through hole, chamber or the like), this opening is suitable for receiving one or more elements.For example, battened construction of the present invention can have the opening that is suitable for receiving element, and this element for example is electric wire, handle (for example closed lath handle), fastener, ornamental trimming, window, mark, above these combination or other elements.

With reference to figure 6, exemplary lath structure 200 figure according to the present invention are interpreted as has at least one big opening 202.As used herein, term " big opening " institute refers to the arbitrary opening with the volume between one or more surfaces of this opening of qualification, wherein this volume 2cm at least ³, 4cm at least more typically ³, even 6cm at least more typically ³In the illustrated embodiment of institute, opening 202 is the through holes with annular surface 204, and this surface is defined as opening 202 between annular surface 204 or is looped around its disc volume on every side.Should be realized that the volume of opening can have needed size.Yet expectation is that such volume can not surpass 50cm usually ², more typically can not surpass 30m ², even more typically be no more than 15cm ²

As shown in, battened construction 200 is made up of first lath 210 and second lath 212 and complex between the two 214.Complex 214 comprise support 218 and first material 220 (but for example activated or active material, as foam and can bubble), and second material 222 alternatively.Should be appreciated that battened construction 200 and its element (being lath 210,212, support 218 and material 220,222) can be formed by the suitable any material in this discussion, also can be configured according to other embodiments described here, unless otherwise mentioned.Should be appreciated that the element of battened construction can assemble according to any embodiment described here, unless otherwise mentioned.

Illustrated battened construction 200 also comprise the neighboring area 128 of extending near opening 202.As used herein, the neighboring area of battened construction refers to from extend to the battened construction zone among the actual battened construction near opening 202 (for example from limiting one or more surfaces of opening).Typically, although and unnecessary, neighboring area (for example the neighboring area is whole) near opening part extension and extend in the battened construction distance of 1cm at least, 2cm at least more typically, even 3cm at least more typically.Though should be realized that, the neighboring area can extend to any distance in the battened construction from opening, may expect to extend in the battened construction less than 30cm for this zone, and more typically less than 25cm, even more typically less than 10cm.Usually, the neighboring area can continuously, off and on or only be extended near the part of opening substantially.

Typically, the material 220 of neighboring area 228 (it can be in foamed materials or other suitable materials described herein any) has the feature of one or more higher-strengths.For example, this material can have at least approximately 0.7MPa or lower compressive strength, more typically about at least 1.5MPa, even more typically about at least 2.5MPa.This value can be measured according to car gage ASTM D-1621.In addition, material can have 100MPa or lower compression modulus at least, more typically about at least 150MPa, even more typically about at least 200MPa.Valuably, the material 220 of neighboring area 228 can help to provide structure integrity to battened construction 200, especially is positioned at extensible opening 202 places that enter and/or pass structure 202 of element.

Though also unnecessary, should be realized that the second area 232 of battened construction 200 comprises second material 222, this material has the intensity less than first material, 220 intensity.For example, second material 222 has 90% intensity less than the compressive strength of first material of determining before 220, more typically less than its 70%, even more typically less than its 50%.

Though be primarily aimed at the neighboring area that big opening has been discussed Fig. 7, should be realized that such neighboring area can be positioned at arbitrary end regions (for example side, edge, border or the like) of battened construction.For example, the neighboring area can be the outer boundary of door, or is positioned at archway or gateway or other the lath edge that limits.Thereby the neighboring area is typically near open space, although might not be necessary.Should be appreciated that in addition the neighboring area can be the higher-strength zone, vice versa.

Additional or substitute as another of above-mentioned embodiment, should be realized that the neighboring area can be substantially formed by active material fully and do not have a support.In Fig. 8, battened construction 250 is shown has periphery or higher-strength zone 252.

Exemplary lath structure 250 figure are interpreted as has first lath 254 and second lath 256, and the support between first lath 254 and second lath 256 258 and one or more active material 260,262.Should be appreciated that arbitrary can formation in the element of battened construction by in suitable material described herein or the other materials any.In addition, by using in proper technology described herein or the other technologies any, element can be assembled, configuration or mutual action, unless otherwise mentioned.

The active material 260 of the neighboring area 252 of battened construction 250 extends between lath 254,256 substantially continuously.Neighboring area 252 is similar to aforementioned neighboring area, and wherein active material 260 can have with aforementioned neighboring area and compares similar or identical size, intensity and configuration.Yet in the embodiment of being described, neighboring area 252 does not have support, perhaps can point out in another way, and the support 258 of battened construction 250 stops at before the inlet and/or do not extend into neighboring area 252.

Can be according to the neighboring area 252 of any formation Fig. 8 in described herein or other the technology.In one embodiment, but active material is positioned at the inside of neighboring area 252, and is activated to expand and/or to bubble, and makes material adhesion arrive lath 254,256, and forms the active material 260 (for example structural foam) of battened construction 250.But for example will manually or automatically be arranged into regional 252 interior technology by the embolus that active material forms by using, but active material can be in the neighboring area 252 between the lath 254,256.In addition, but active material can be extruded or be molded in the neighboring area.

According to an embodiment, preferably, active material 260 provides the more level and smooth edge or the side surface 270 of battened construction 250.Such surface can be after expanding by machinework (paper polishing) active material 260 to form surperficial 270.Additionally, such surface can form by arranging the dividing plate 272 near the neighboring area, but so that active material contacts between expansion period and adapts to dividing plate 272.Then, when dividing plate 272 removed, surface 270 was more level and smooth.Certainly, this surface 270 can comprise configuration and still be considered to more level and smooth.Preferably, dividing plate 272 provides non-sticky surface, makes during surface 270 forms active material 260 not adhere to and has high-intensity dividing plate 272.

Should be appreciated that battened construction 250 can or can have than hypo-intense region 278 in the mode identical with the battened construction 100,200 of Fig. 6 and 7.

In one embodiment, provide the technology of expectation and/or material to form the neighboring area in one or more sides of battened construction or whole substantially periphery place of battened construction.Certainly, this technology can adopt other materials, and this material can be used for other technologies, comprises those disclosed herein or other technology and materials.

Usually, but this technology comprise one or more laths, support and active material be provided.Preferably, although also unnecessary, support can be clipped between first lath and second lath, so that form the neighboring area around part or whole battened construction.As employed, should be realized that the neighboring area can be positioned at any edge or the end of battened construction, or even the internal edge zone 228 of Fig. 7 for example.Typically, (for example side) limits in one or more positions by the gap between first and second laths at least partly in the neighboring area, and these position first and second laths extend beyond support.But active material is positioned at the inside in gap, is activated with expand (for example bubbling) then, hardens and adhere to support, first lath, second lath or these any combination.Then, executable operations on battened construction (for example machinework and/or cutting operation) is to provide the surface outwardly of expectation at the place, neighboring area.

Fig. 9-13 figure has released the technology of the formation battened construction 300 of a special expectation.As being seen, first lath 302, second lath 304 and support 306 in Fig. 9, are provided.Lath 302,304 and support 306 can be formed by in the suitable material described here any.In this illustrated specific implementations, each forms lath 302,304 by being immersed in fiber in the host material and/or light sheet material (for example braiding or non-woven glass fibre thin plate or rove), and this host material preferably includes one or more epoxy resin or other epoxy material.Illustrated support 306 is a honeycomb structure as describing before.

But the assembling of active material can be finished according to various rules.Usually, but before active material is assembled to support, afterwards, simultaneously or above these combination, first and second laths can be assembled to support.For example, lath can be positioned on the side of support, forms peripheral clearance thus between lath, but active material can be arranged in the external margin near support in this gap.Perhaps, but active material can apply (for example attaching or adhesion) to or be arranged in external margin place near support, afterwards lath is arranged in the side of support, but so that the gap of active material between lath.Substitute as another, first lath can be positioned at a side of support, and but active material can apply (for example attaching or adhesion) or be arranged in external margin near support and/or first lath, afterwards second lath is arranged near the support opposite sides, but so that in the local at least gap between lath of active material.Should be realized that, but active material can be applied to one of two laths or both, Mount support and/or another lath afterwards.

Quote in any of rules above-mentioned, but comprise the various technology of the artificial location of extruding and active material, but active material can be applied to lath, support or above these combination by use.In one embodiment, but active material injects to the desired locations with respect to one or more laths and/or support by applicator (for example extrusion press).In this embodiment, with respect to one or more laths and/or the removable applicator of support, vice versa or above these combination.Applicator all automations substantially may be expected, but also some artificial element can be comprised.The example system of these embodiments is the US Patent of owning together 5 of " Method and Apparatus for Applying Flowable Materials " at the title of application on January 14th, 2003,358,397 and U.S. Patent application 10/342, open in 025, more than both all for whole purposes by being incorporated herein by reference.

When using as during the applicator of extrusion press, but may expect to arrive one or more laths and/or honeycomb (preferably with the material activation) to help material adhesion when the temperature of rising active material when this uses.When cooling, material can be clamminess or become for contact sticking substantially.In addition, material can only be clamminess a little, any main portion that can not remove material owing to manipulation so that allow to handle material.

In another embodiment, the people is by serviceable tool and/or people's hand, but but the artificially directly applies active material to support and/or one or more lath.Usually, but one or more active material piece carries out the artificially according to one in the above-mentioned rules applies.

In a special embodiment, but but monolithic of active material or polylith press honeycomb and/or one or more lath with the form of active material band, but but so that band owing to the adhesion characteristics of active material, when pushing active material distortion or above both be attached on the element.It should further be appreciated that during pushing or manually applying, but the band of active material can form configuration (for example crooked) around the configuration of one or more laths and/or honeycomb (the particularly external margin of honeycomb).In this embodiment, but the band of expectation active material is fully flexible usually, allowing band to bend to the second angled or cambered situation or shape (for example the part of bar is a right angle with respect to another part) from the first straight or linear case or shape, and band can obviously not tear or split (continuity of for example destroying band maybe will with a part be pulled away from tearing of another part or split).

But in order to allow to apply active material, particularly manually apply according to above-mentioned rules, although automation and applicator technology also can use, but usually the expectation active material show some desired characteristics.As suggestion, but generally be desirably in activate before active material be flexible substantially or be easy to extend.With reference to figure 13A-14B, can see, but can being stretched substantially usually and/or attenuation in the fracture of material or before splitting of active material with 320.In the embodiment shown, material band 320 has the axis 324 along its length.Material band 320 had before stretching with 320 perpendicular to first cross-sectional plane 328 of axis 324 and same position place perpendicular to second cross-sectional plane 332 the stretching of axis 324 after (for example cardinal principle square-section).Stretch and preferably in the opposite direction equate along axis 324.Usually preferably, but be not necessary, but active material be with 320 can have second cross-sectional plane 332, its less than fracture when the material extending or split (for example ripping) before first cross-sectional plane 328 70%, more typically less than its 50%, even more preferably less than its 30%.It should further be appreciated that, material has elongated features, and this feature allows its distortion (i.e. elongation) about at least 10% in self preceding length of its fracture (for example splitting), more preferably approximately its 40%, even more preferably approximately its 100%, and more preferably approximately its 150%.

Valuably, the feature of material can be so that it quite easily be shaped before activating.Same, material can apply more easily at all places.As an embodiment, material can be pressed and/or shift onto in the opening of support (for example honeycomb), to provide local stiffening to support or lath after activating.

After the activation of expandable material, although and unnecessary, the institute preferably, expanding material (for example foamed materials) has higher intensity.Therefore, when testing according to ASTM D-695, active material will typically have following compression modulus, and this modulus is greater than about 100MPa, more typically greater than about 300MPa, even more typically greater than about 550MPa (for example approximately 614MPa).When testing according to ASTM D-695, active material also will typically have following compressive strength, and this compressive strength is greater than about 700psi, more typically greater than 1500psi, even more significantly greater than 2000psi.Certainly, can be used for the present invention than low modulus and intensity, except as otherwise noted.

Except that above-mentioned, should be realized that battened construction of the present invention can be arranged targetedly, to reduce transfer voice to interior of aircraft.Usually, aircraft comprises one or more openings (for example through hole, interface location or the like), and it can provide interior section and the sound between the external environment condition around the aircraft and/or the fluid connection of aircraft.Thereby, should be realized that battened construction of the present invention can be arranged in close or cover such opening, to impel sound reduction (for example sound absorption, acoustic attenuation or both have).

For instance, opening can be present on the aircraft, and its packing compartments that has strengthened the aircraft bottom side is communicated with sound between the environment around the aircraft, and battened construction can be disposed in close or covers these openings.With reference to Figure 15 and 16, opening 400 (for example chamber) can be disposed near dividing range place between the fuselage 412 of the wing 404 of aircraft 408 and aircraft 408 or its.This illustrated certain openings 400 is between the outer fuselage 412 of the floor 420 of the packing compartments of aircraft 408 and aircraft 408, and near the dividing range 402 between wing 404 and the fuselage 412.As shown in the figure, can be that any the battened construction 430 in the battened construction described herein is disposed in the opening 400, to make noise weaken in this zone.Should be realized that further opening 400 can carry out sound with environment around the aircraft 408 and/or fluid is communicated with by one or more additional opening (not shown), so as battened construction 430 can adjacent to or cover these openings.

Form the active material of above-mentioned characteristic but filled a prescription, and find that the compound with special component or feature especially expects with one or arbitrary combination.

Percentum at this is meant percentage by weight, unless otherwise stated.

Polymeric material

Can activate or expandable material typically comprises one or more polymeric materials, this polymeric material can comprise various poly-mer, for example thermoplastic material, elastic body, plastomer, these combination or the like.For example, but do not limit, the poly-mer that can suitably merge to polyblend comprises halogen polymer, polycarbonate, polyketone, polyurethane, polyester, silane, sulfone, allyl, alkene, styrene, acrylate, methacrylate, epoxide, silicone resin, phenolic plastic, rubber, polyphenylene oxide, terephthalate, acetate (for example EVA), acrylate, methacrylate (for example ethylene methyl acrylate poly-mer) or these compound.Other possible polymeric materials can be maybe can comprise, but not as restriction, polyolefin (for example polyethylene, polypropylene), polystyrene, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene oxide, poly-dimethyleneimine, polyester, polyurethane, polysiloxane, polyethers, poly-phosphine piperazine (polyphosphazine), polyamide, polyimide, polyisobutene, polyacrylinitrile, polyvinylchloride, polymethyl methacrylate, poly-vinyl acetate, polyvinylidene chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyisoprene, polyacrylamide, polyacrylic acid, polymethyl methacrylate.

But can comprising reaching, polyblend calculates by weight 85% or bigger active material.Preferably,, polyblend calculates by weight about 0.1% to about 85% active material but comprising, but more preferably about 1% to about 70% active material.

Epoxy resin

Epoxy resin uses to refer to the epoxy material of traditional dimerization, oligomeric or polymerization at this, and it comprises at least one epoxide function group.Can be the material of ring-containing oxide based on the material of poly-mer, it has polymerisable one or more epoxyethane rings by ring-opening reaction.Should be realized that, but active material can comprise and reaches about 80% or more epoxy resin.Typically, but active material comprises the epoxy resin of calculating by weight between 5% and 60%, more typically calculates by weight the epoxy resin between 10% and 30%.

That epoxide can be is aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatics or the like.Epoxide can be provided as solid (for example powder, bulk, sheet etc.) or liquid (for example epoxy resin).Epoxide can comprise ethylene copolymer or terpolymer, and it can have alpha-olefin.As copolymer or terpolymer, poly-mer is made up of two or three different monomers,, can connect the little molecule of the high chemical reaction ability of having of similar molecule that is.Preferably, but epoxy resin is added to active material to increase the adhesion characteristics of material.An exemplary epoxy resin can be a phenol resin, and it can be the resin of modification (novalac) type or other types.Other materials that preferably comprise epoxide can comprise bisphenol-A chloropropylene oxide ether polymer (bisphenol-Aepichlorohydrin ether polymer), perhaps bisphenol A epoxide resin, and it can come modification with butadidenne or another polymeric additive.

Elastomeric material

Especially when be used for noise weaken (for example acoustic attenuation with or sound absorption), insulation or above both the time, but active material of the present invention will typically comprise a large amount of elastic bodys or elastomeric material, and it can be a kind of elastic body or the elastomeric compound of several difference.When using, but elastomeric material is calculated by weight typically about 5% of active material at least, more typically at least its about 14%, even more typically at least its about 25%, and but elastomeric material is calculated by weight typically less than about 65% of active material, about 45% less than it more typically, and even more typically less than its about 35%.

The rubber and the elastic body that are suitable for elastomeric material include, but are not limited to natural rubber; buna-S; polyisoprene; polyisobutene; poly-butadiene; isoprene-butadiene copolymer; poly-chloroprene rubber; government rubber (butyl nitrile for example; as carboxyl-butyl nitrile); butyl rubber; poly-vulcanized elastomer; ACM; acrylonitrile elastomer; silaatic; poly(silicon aether); lactoprene; diisocyanate concentrates rubber (diisocyanate-linked condensationelastomer); EPDM (ethylene-propylene diene monomer rubber) chlorosulphonated polyethylene; fluorhydrocarbon or the like.Particularly preferably elastic body is that trademark is the EPDM of VISTALON 7800 and 2504, and it can obtain from Exxon Mobil Chemical commerce.Another preferred elastic body is the polybutene isobutylene butylene copolymer of commodity H-1500 by name, and it can obtain from BP AmocoChemicals commerce.

Contain elastomeric adduct

But contain elastomeric adduct and also can be used for active material of the present invention, for example epoxy/elastomer adduct.But the included epoxy/elastomer compound or the amount of resultant of reaction can reach calculate by weight about active material 80% or more.More typically, when comprising at that time, but contain about 20-80% that elastomeric adduct is by weight the calculation active material, more preferably be its about 30% to 70%.

Successively, epoxide that adduct itself generally comprises and elastomeric ratio are about 1: 5 to 5: 1, more preferably are about 1: 3 to 3: 1.The elastic body composition can be thermosetting or other elastic body.Exemplary elastomers includes, but are not limited to natural rubber; buna-S; polyisoprene; polyisobutene; poly-butadiene; isoprene-butadiene copolymer; poly-chloroprene rubber; government rubber (butyl nitrite for example; as carboxyl-butyl nitrile); butyl rubber; poly-vulcanized elastomer; ACM; acrylonitrile elastomer; silaatic; poly(silicon aether); lactoprene; diisocyanate concentrates elastic body; EPDM (ethylene-propylene diene rubber); chlorosulphonated polyethylene; fluorhydrocarbon or the like.In one embodiment, adopt the recirculation tyre rubber.

But contain elastomeric adduct when being added to active material, preferably be added to change the structural behaviour of material, for example intensity, toughness, hardness, modulus in flexure or the like.In addition, can select to contain elastomeric adduct, but so that active material adapts with coating more, this coating for example is water resistant coating or paint base system or other conventional coatings.

Foamer

But one or more foamers can be added to this active material.This foamer can help form the active material unit or that bubble, and this material typically has than lower density and/or weight.In addition, the expansion of this material that is caused by foamer can help to improve seal ability, matrix moisturing capacity, the adhesion with matrix, acoustic damping, above these combination or the like.

Foamer can be the foamer of physics or the foamer of chemistry.For example, foamer can be a themoplasticity encapsulation solvent, and it can expand when situation about being exposed to as heating.In addition, but the foamer chemical reaction, with when being exposed to or when being exposed to another chemical reaction, discharge gas as the heating or the situation of humidity.

Foamer can comprise one or more nitrogenous groups, for example amino-compound, amine or the like.For example, suitable foamer comprises azodicarbonamide, dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, 4,4 OBSH, trihydrazinotriazine and NAT N,N.

But in active material, also can be provided for the Accelerant of foamer.Various Accelerants can be used to increase the speed that foamer forms unreactable gas.A preferred foamer Accelerant is a slaine, or oxide, and metallic oxide for example is as zinc oxide.Other preferred Accelerants comprise modification or unmodified thiazole or imidazoles, urea or the like.

But the amount of foamer in active material and foamer Accelerant can extensively change according to the swell increment of the kind of desired block construction, desired expandable material, desired expansion rate or the like.But the foamer in the active material and the exemplary value scope of foamer Accelerant are calculated by weight from about 0.001% to about 5% and are changed.

In one embodiment, the present invention expects to omit foaming agent.Thereby, but active material may not be an expandable material.Preferably, prescription of the present invention is to use hot activation.Yet, can adopt other reagent to realize activation by alternate manner (for example humidity, radiation or the like).

Hardener

But one or more hardeners and/or hardener Accelerant can be added to active material.Be similar to foamer, but but but the amount of hardener in active material and hardener Accelerant can extensively change according to structural behaviour of the swell increment of the kind of desired block construction, desired active material, desired expansion rate, desired active material or the like.But the exemplary range of hardener in the active material or hardener Accelerant is calculated by weight from about 0.001% to 7%.

Typically, but hardener is helped the active material sclerosis by poly-mer, epoxy resin or above both crosslinked.May expect that also but hardener helps the active material heatcure.The hardener of useful kind is to select from aliphatics or aromatic amine or its corresponding adduct, amino amine (amidoamines), polyamide, ring grease chemical combination amine (for example acid anhydride), poly-carboxyl polyester, isocyanate, phenylol resin (for example phenol or cresols novolak resin), copolymer (for example phenol terpenes, polyvinyl phenol or bisphenol-A copolyoxymethylenes, two raised path between farm fields phenyl (bishydroxyphenyl) alkanes or the like), sulphur or these compound.Particularly preferred hardener comprises modification and unmodified polyamines or polyamide, for example triethylene tetramine, diethylentriamine tetren, cyanoguanidines, dicyandiamide or the like.But also can be the preparation active material and be provided for the Accelerant (for example modification or unmodified urea are as methene biphenyl two urea, imidazoles or above these combination) of hardener.Other embodiment of hardener Accelerant comprise, but as restriction, metal amino formates (for example copper DMDS aminocarbamic acid salt, dibutyl zinc disulfide group carbamate, above these combination or the like), bisulfide (for example dibenzothiazyl disulfide).

Although longer firm time also is fine, for prescription of the present invention, firm time can be less than 5 minutes, even less than 30 seconds.In addition, such firm time can be dependent on whether additional-energy (for example heat, light, radiation) is applied to material or this material that whether at room temperature hardens.

As suggestion, hardener and/or Accelerant can expect to be used for to shorten the time between sclerosis beginning and the sclerosis substantially fully (but promptly may the specific active material of at least 90% sclerosis) especially faster, but and the active material that when it keeps its self-supporting feature, hardens.As used herein, the beginning of sclerosis be used to represent to harden substantially fully at least 3% but be not more than 10%.For the present invention, the beginning of general expectation sclerosis with harden substantially fully between time less than about 30 minutes, more typically less than about 10 minutes, even more typically less than about 5 minutes, and more typically less than 1 minute.What should be noted that is, more is closely related with softening time of polymeric material, and firm time and bubble form or the time of foaming can help to make under the situation of the physical loss that does not have its self-supporting feature expandable material to activate.Generally it should be understood that by the experiment of those skilled in the art operation by using above-mentioned or other various hardeners and/or Accelerant can produce the firm time of expectation.It has been found that, cdicynanmide hardener or other reagent that between active period, are used for hardening, below other hardener or Accelerant can produce the firm time of special expectation, commodity ANCAMINE 2441 by name or 2442 or the modified polyamine (for example cycloaliphatic amine) of 2014AS for example; The imidazoles (for example, 4-Diamino-6[2 '-methylimidazoyl-(1 ') ethyl-s-triazine isocyanuric) of commodity CUREZOL 2MA-OK by name; Can be from the greasiness hydrazides of the commercial commodity that obtain of Air Products ADH by name, the amine adduct of commodity PN-23 by name perhaps can be from A﹠amp; The imidazoles of the commercial commodity that obtain of CCatalyst LC-65 by name and the adduct of isocyanate.

Also as before advise, but but but the active material proportioning be included in material activate before the hardener of sclerosis active material at least partly.Preferably, but but independent or give active material with sufficient self-supporting feature with other features or the coefficient partially hardened of composition of active material, but so that activate and/or bubble during active material cubic expansion and can obviously not lose its shape or on gravity direction, occur obviously mobile.

In one embodiment, but active material comprises first hardener and the optional first hardener Accelerant and second hardener and the optional second hardener Accelerant, and all these are preferably latent property.But first hardener and/or Accelerant typically be designed at active material processing (for example handle, mix, shaping or above these combination) but during the partially hardened active material, but help make active material to have desired self supporting type characteristic to have at least.Second hardener and/or Accelerant typically are latent property then, but so that are being exposed to for example situation sclerosis of the following time active material of heat, humidity or the like.

As a preferred embodiment of present embodiment, second hardener and/or Accelerant are latent property, so as the two one of or all second or the polymeric material of activationary temperature or range of temperatures place sclerosis expandable material.Yet first hardener and/or Accelerant also are latent property, but are lower than second or during first high temperature of activationary temperature being exposed to, both one of or the expandable material that partly hardens all.

In material mixing, shaping or above during both, will experience first temperature and partially hardened usually.But but for example can experience first temperature and partially hardened passing mould with the composition mixing of active material and with the active material extruding and forming in the extrusion press of given shape.As another embodiment, can reach in the make-up machine (for example injection moulding, blowing, compression moulding) of the composition that mixes expandable material alternatively in shaping, experience first temperature and partially hardened.

But during the processing of the goods that active material applied, can experience at a certain temperature then second or activationary temperature and substantially fully the sclerosis.For example, in auto-industry, e-applies and enamelling oven can provide activationary temperature.Typically, (for example, foaming) and sclerosis but the expectation active material additionally expands at activationary temperature, the same just as described further below.

Partially hardened can be finished by various technology.For example, first hardener and/or Accelerant can be added to expandable material according to sub-stoichiometric amount, Duo a lot of points of response so that polymeric material provides than the real reaction of first hardener and/or Accelerant.The preferably sub-stoichiometric amount of first hardener and/or Accelerant 60%, no more than 40% or no more than 30%, 25% or even 15% of the available point of response that no more than polymeric material provided that typically induces reaction.Perhaps, for example when provide the multiple different polymeric material and first hardener and/or Accelerant only with polymeric material in a kind of or its subclass when reacting, first hardener and/or Accelerant that partially hardened can react by the polymeric material that only provides certain percentage are realized.In this embodiment, first hardener and/or Accelerant typically are no more than 60% of polymeric material with calculating by weight, and are no more than 40% or be no more than 30%, 25% and even 15% and react.

In another embodiment, but active material can subsclerotic two element system forms when first element and second element mix by using.In this embodiment, first element typically have first hardener, the first hardener Accelerant or above both, and second element has when first and second elements mix one or more polymeric materials by hardener and/or Accelerant sclerosis.This mixing will typically occur near the temperature that is lower than 80 ℃ (for example room temperatures or from about 10 ℃ to about 30 ℃).

Similar to above-mentioned embodiment, but but give active material with sufficient self-supporting feature separately or with other feature or the coefficient partially hardened of composition of active material, so that during activating and/or bubbling, but obviously flowing can not appear on gravity direction in active material.

Also similar to above-mentioned embodiment, the partially hardened when mixing can be realized by various technology.For example, but first hardener and/or Accelerant may be in the inside of active material according to sub-stoichiometric amount when first element and second element mix, so that polymeric material provides than by the more point of response of first hardener and/or the actual place that reacts of Accelerant.The preferred sub-stoichiometric amount of first hardener and/or Accelerant typically causes 60% the reaction that the utilized point of response that provided by polymeric material is provided, no more than its 40% or no more than its 30%, 25% and even 15%.Perhaps, for example when provide the multiple different polymeric material and first hardener and/or Accelerant only with polymeric material in a kind of or its subclass when reacting, first hardener and/or Accelerant that partially hardened can react by the polymeric material that only provides certain percentage are realized.In this embodiment, first hardener and/or Accelerant typically can be no more than 60% of polymeric material with calculating by weight, and are no more than 40% or be no more than 30%, 25% and even 15% and react.

But another composition of active material (i.e. Fu Jia polymeric material, filler, other additive, foamer and/or Accelerant or the like) may be the part of first or second element in the two element system, perhaps may be to add separately.Typically, this another additional composition will separate between element to allow rationally mixing fully of first element and second element.Usually, but this will help to make active material even substantially.

But the active material that forms by the two element system can according to technology described here (for example by mould extrude, injection moulding or the like) in any form.Yet, according to a preferred implementation, providing first and second elements, and it is mixed in mould, this mould has one or more chambeies, but described chamber makes its shaping when active material mixing and/or partially hardened.

Usually, should be realized that, but this discussion or other hardener and/or in the hardener Accelerant any one can be for active material as first and second hardeners, and employed hardener or Accelerant will typically depend on desired partially hardened situation and desired activation situation.Yet what found is that for first hardener, bulky amine (hinderedamines) is useful especially, for example can be from the modified polyamine (for example ring grease chemical combination amine) of the commercial commodity that obtain of Air Products Inc. ANCAMINE 2337 by name or 2014.But first hardener of other expectations is materials of hardening polymer material under mixing, formation and/or shaping (for example extruding, the molded or the like) temperature at active material.Thereby at following temperature place hardening polymer material, this temperature is greater than 30 ℃ usually for hardener, but may be littler, more typically greater than 50 ℃, even more typically greater than 70 ℃, and/or this temperature is less than 150 ℃, more typically less than 120 ℃, even more typically less than 100 ℃.

Filler

But active material may also comprise one or more fillers, includes, but are not limited to microparticle material (for example powder), pearl, microsphere or the like.Preferably, filler comprises more low-density material, but it does not react with other compositions that are present in the active material usually.

For example, filler comprises silica, diatom earth, glass, clay, talcum, pigment, colorant, beaded glass or bubble, glass, carbon ceramics fiber, antioxidant or the like.Such filler (particularly clay) but can between the material flow periods, help active material to proofread and correct self.The clay that can be used as filler can comprise that it can be calcined from the clay of ancudite, goeschwitzite, chlorite, montmorillonite or sepiolite group.For example, suitable filler includes but not limited to talcum, vermiculite, pyrophyllite, sauconite, french talc, nontronite, montmorillonite or these compound.Clay can also comprise a spot of other compositions, for example carbonate, feldspar, mica and quartz.Filler also can comprise ammonium chloride, for example dimethyl ammonium chloride and dimethyl benzene ammonio methacrylate.Also can adopt titanium dioxide.

One preferred embodiment in, the filler of one or more mineral or stone class can be used as filler, for example calcium carbonate, natrium carbonate or the like.In another preferred implementation, for example the silicate mineral of mica can be used as filler.What found is that except the normal function of realizing filler, but silicate mineral and mica have improved the impact resistance of the active material that is hardened especially.

When adopting at that time, but but the filler in the active material by weight at last 10% of active material to 90%.According to some embodiments, but active material is calculated by weight and is comprised about 0.001% to about 30% clay or similar filler, more preferably about 10% to about 20%.Powder (for example has about 0.01 to about 50 microns mean grain size, more preferably about 1 to 25 micron) but the mineral substance filler can constitute that active material calculates by weight about 5% and 70% between, between about 10% to about 20%, further more preferably be about 13% more preferably.

Should be realized that, be thixotropic one of in other compositions of filler or material, with help control material flow and as the characteristic of tension, resistance to compression or shearing strength value.But this thixotropic filler can provide self-supporting feature in addition active material.The example of thixotropic filler comprises, but not as restriction, silica, calcium carbonate, clay, Aramid fiber or paper pulp or other.One preferably thixotropic filler be the silicon dioxide of the amorphous sediment of synthesizing.

Fire retardant

Typically, but although active material comprises one or more fire retardants and unnecessary.But the useful fire retardant of active material is comprised halogen polymer, other halogenated materials, other material that comprises phosphorus, bromine, chlorine, bromine, oxide, above these combination or the like.Exemplary fire retardant comprises, but as restriction, chlorine alkylphosphonic, dimethyl methyl phosphonate acid esters, bromo-phosphorus compound, APP, neopentyl bromination polyethers, bromination polyethers, antimony oxide, calcium metaborate, chlorinated paraffin, bromination toluene, hexabromo-cyclohexane (hexabromobenzene), antimony trioxide, graphite (for example expandable graphite), above these combination or the like.

When using, but fire retardant can account for the sizable percentage by weight of active material.But fire retardant can calculate by weight the formation active material greater than 2%, more typically greater than 12%, even more typically greater than 25%, and even may be greater than 35%.

Other additive

According to expectation, other additive, reagent or performance modifier also can be included in the expandable material, include, but are not limited to anti-UV agent, fire retardant, impact modifier, heat stabilizer, UV light trigger, colorant, processing subsidiary, lubricant, intensifier (for example glass, pottery, aromatic poly amide or carbon fiber of interruption or continuation or the like).

But active material of the present invention will typically comprise tackifier, especially when be used for noise weaken (for example acoustic attenuation and/or sound absorption), insulation or above both the time, these tackifier can be one of multiple composition or its compound.When using, but tackifier are typically calculated by weight and are accounted for about at least 1% of active material, more typically about at least 4%, even more typically at least 8%, but and elastomeric material typically calculate by weight account for active material less than about 30%, more typically less than about 20%, even more typically less than about 15%.Adoptable various tackifier comprise, but not conduct restriction, epoxide materials, acrylate, hydrocarbon resin or the like.Particularly preferred tackifier are can be from the hydrocarbon resin of the commercial commodity that obtain of Neville Chemical Company SUPER NEVTAC 99 by name.Another particularly preferred tackifier are the aromatic resins by the commercial commodity that obtain of Kolon Chemical HIKOTACK P-90S by name.

But active material of the present invention will typically comprise handling oil, equally especially when be used for noise weaken (for example acoustic attenuation and/or sound absorption), insulation or above both the time, this handling oil can be a kind of or its compound in the multiple oil.A kind of particularly preferred handling oil is can be from the refining petroleum of the commercial commodity that obtain of Citgo oil SENTRY 320 by name.When using, but this oil can in active material, calculate by weight and account for about 1% to about 25%, but can use higher or lower amount.

But Figure 10-12 figure has released the rules that are used to apply and activate according to an exemplary expectation of active material of the present invention.As seen in fig. 10, first lath 302 is positioned on first mould 340, and support 306 is positioned on first lath 302, so that lath 302 extends jointly with first side 350 of support 306.But the edge 352 (being shown as external margin) of support 306 is pressed in the artificially with arbitrary shape (for example angle) at support 306 or edge 352 is corresponding by being configured as with 310 with 310 for active material single or multiple.

In Figure 11, second lath 304 is arranged in the top of second side 356 of the support 306 relative with first side 350, so as with in 310 the gaps 360 between lath 302,304 near the edge 352 of support 306.As shown in, second lath 304 extends jointly with second side 356 of support 306.

But the activation of active material is to finish according in the technology described here any.Yet in Figure 11, battened construction 300 is between first parts or the mould 340 and second mould 342 of press.First mould 340 and second parts or mould 342 are clipped in battened construction 300 therebetween, but and with active material with 310, support 306 and lath 302,304 be exposed to the high temperature in the scope of common said temperature.In turn, but active material be activated with expand (for example bubbling), solidify (for example heatcure) and/or adhere to first lath 302, second lath 304, support 306 or above arbitrary combination.Can also make the host material of lath 302,304 adhere to support 306.In addition, if expectation, mould 340,342 can be shaped with the whole battened construction 300 that is shaped.

After activating, battened construction 300 one or two from mould 340,342 removed, and this battened construction typically has and is similar to the structure shown in Figure 12.Thereafter, but battened construction 300 machineworks (for example cutting), to produce the outside face 370 of expectation (for example more smooth) as shown in Figure 13.This machinework can be finished by die-cut, CNC milling, machined into, boring, tapping, grinding, sand papering or other.Preferably, outside face can be painted, although be not essential.

Substitute as a kind of, dividing plate (for example those that discuss for Fig. 8) can be used for when remove this dividing plate that control is bubbled and the more flat surface of generation automatically.Additive method also can be used for producing more smooth surface.Valuably, this method is by only using one or do not use machine operations to produce more smooth surface, although and unnecessary.

Though the activation of any in the material of the present invention can occur in the press just as described above, activation can occur in other place as mentioned above, and is caused by various stimulation.As an example, the large strip that forms in press can be cut into than small strip, and the border seal material can be applied to lath, uses post bake so that material is activated then.As another example, vacuum packaging process can be used to expandable and/or border seal material are applied to lath or other structure (for example aeronautic structure), then vacuum-packed lath or structure is exposed to heat (for example in pressure cooker) and is used for activating.

Exemplary formulations

But down listing a kind of exemplary formulations that is used for expandable or active material in the Table A, this material can show in the above-mentioned desired characteristic one or arbitrary combination and have been found that it is useful especially (except other utilizations) for border seal:

Describe	Percentum
		The poly-mer of epoxy resin and bisphenol-A	4.65％
Carboxyl/acrylonitrile/butadiene poly-mer	2.70％
		2-acrylic acid, 2-methyl-, epoxyethane methyl fat, the poly-mer of ethane and 2-propene and methane	3.42％
The resultant of reaction of chloropropylene oxide and bisphenol-A	15.30％
		The epoxy phenol urea formaldehyde	6.72％
Methene biphenyl two (dimethyl urea)	0.45％
		Dicyandiamide (cyanoguanidines)	1.95％
The polymer encapsulated isopentane	6.00％
		Soda lime borosilicate glass/amorphous silica stone	18.00％
APP	40.00％
		The silicon dioxide of synthetic non-setting precipitation	0.75％
Pigment	0.10％

Table A

Should be realized that the percentage by weight of the composition of Table A can improve or reduce by 5,10,20,30,40 or above percentum, be suitable for the composition range of special component with formation.For example, percentage by weight is that 10 composition can improve or reduce by percent 20, to form percent 8 to 12 scope.Certainly, but the heterogeneity of active material can be used within the category of the present invention, if but one or more in the desired characteristic of the composition of active material performance especially.In order to improve the pot-life of material, may expect with material be lower than carry out under about 5,10 or 15 ℃ temperature freezing, although and unnecessary, except as otherwise noted.

But list other exemplary formulations that is used for expandable or active material in following table B, this material can show in the above-mentioned desired characteristic one or arbitrary combination and have been found that it is useful especially (except other utilizations) for border seal:

Describe	Percentage by weight	Percentage by weight	Percentage by weight
				Solid epoxy (bisphenol-A)	9.30％	10.00	10.00
Carboxyl/acrylonitrile/butadiene rubber	3.00％	3.00	3.00
				Ethylidine/methacrylate/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer	2.70％	2.70	2.70
The butadiene-nitrile rubber of non-carboxylation	4.00％	4.00	4.00
				Liquid epoxies (bisphenol-A)	16.00％	19.20	20.50
The epoxy phenol urea formaldehyde	12.00％	11.80	11.80
				Methene biphenyl two (dimethyl urea)	1.00％	1.00	1.00
Dicyandiamide (cyanoguanidines)	3.00％	3.00	3.00
				The cycloaliphatic amines of modification	0.50％	0.50	0.50
Foamer (solvent of thermoplastic material encapsulation)	2.75％	6.00	8.00
				Glass bead (hollow)	3.00	3.00
APP	42.00％	35.00	34.70
				The silicon dioxide of synthetic non-setting precipitation	0.75％	0.75	0.75
Pigment		0.05	0.05

Table B

Should be realized that the percentage by weight of composition of table B can improve or reduce by 5,10,20,30,40 or above percentum, be suitable for the composition range of special component with formation.For example, percentage by weight is that 10 composition can improve or reduce by percent 20, to form percent 8 to 12 scope.Certainly, but the heterogeneity of active material can be used within the category of the present invention, if but one or more in the desired characteristic of the composition of active material performance especially.In order to improve the pot-life of material, may expect with material be lower than carry out under about 5,10 or 15 ℃ temperature freezing, although and unnecessary, except as otherwise noted.

List an exemplary formulations that is used for expandable or expandable material in following table C, this material can show in the above-mentioned desired characteristic one or arbitrary combination and have been found that its special expectation is used for noise and weakens (for example acoustic attenuation and/or absorption) and other function:

Describe	Percentum
		EPDM rubber	25.27％
The EVA copolymer	4.23％
		Polyethylene	3.76％
Hydrocarbon resin	2.50％
		Hardening accelerator	1.70％
Poly-butadiene isobutylene butylene copolymer	4.71％
		The foamer Accelerant	1.22％
The sulphur hardener	0.63％
		Pigment	0.31％
Foamer	6.83％
		Handling oil	10.24％
Aromatic hydrocarbon resin	8.60％
		Fire retardant	30％

Table C

Should be realized that the percentage by weight of composition of table C can improve or reduce by 5,10,20,30,40 or above percentum, be suitable for the composition range of special component with formation.For example, percentage by weight is that 10 composition can improve or reduce by percent 20, to form percent 8 to 12 scope.Certainly, but the heterogeneity of active material can be used within the category of the present invention, if but one or more in the desired characteristic of the composition of active material performance especially.

But various active materials can be used for reinforcing, as and discussion disclosed at this.A kind of additional materials that can be used for reinforcing local stiffening especially has been open among the pending trial U.S. Patent application attorney docket 1001-242P1 that owns together of Adhesive Material and Method of Using Same applying for November 1 in 2005 day header, and for goal of the invention by with reference to it is herein incorporated.

Except as otherwise noted, the size and the geometric configuration of various structures described herein are not limited to the present invention, and other size or geometric configuration also are possible.A plurality of structural constituents can provide by single integrated morphology.Perhaps, single integrated morphology can be divided into independent a plurality of elements.In addition, though describe in feature of the present invention only one the content in said embodiment, for given application, this feature can be in conjunction with one or more other features of other embodiments.What can know from above is, the manufacturing of unique texture herein with and operation also constitute the method according to this invention.

Preferred implementation of the present invention is now disclosed.Yet those skilled in the art will recognize that, can produce specific variants according to instruction of the present invention.Therefore, following claim is used for determining real scope of the present invention and content.

Claims (13)

1. inside battened construction that is used for transportation means, this structure comprises:

At least one lath;

But the band of active material, it is adjacent with described at least one lath and extend along the neighboring area of described battened construction, but described active material has one or more in following feature and the composition:

I) ductility level, it allows described material to stretch so that second cross-sectional area of described material split less than material before half of the first original cross-sectional area of described material at same position place;

Ii) foamer and hardener.

2. structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described at least one lath comprises first lath and second lath, but and described active material bring to small part ground between described first lath and second lath.

3. structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described first lath is relative with described second lath substantially, and support is basically all between described first lath and described second lath, but in the gap of the band of described active material between described first lath and second lath and adjacent with the edge of described support, and but described active material activates being exposed to when hot, to bubble and to adhere to described first lath, described second lath and described support.

4. structure as claimed in claim 3, wherein said support is a honeycomb structure.

5. as arbitrary described structure among the claim 1-4, wherein, described transportation means is an aircraft, but and described battened construction be configured to activate and make the edge of described battened construction to be positioned at the fuselage of aircraft after smooth at described active material.

6. as arbitrary described structure among the claim 1-5, wherein, but described active material comprises epoxy resin, thixotropic filler.

7. as arbitrary described structure among the claim 1-6, wherein, but described active material can activate, be exposed to softening when hot, expand and sclerosis.

8. as arbitrary described structure among the claim 1-7, wherein, but described material is thermosetting, and comprises carboxyl/acrylonitrile/butadiene rubber.

9. as arbitrary described structure among the claim 1-8, wherein, but described active material was hardened before material activates at least partly.

10. as arbitrary described structure among the claim 1-9, wherein, but described active material comprises fire retardant.

11. as arbitrary described structure among the claim 1-10, wherein, described fire retardant comprises APP.

12. as arbitrary described structure among the claim 1-11, wherein, before activation, but described active material is that only be clamminess a little or inviscid substantially when touching.

13. as arbitrary described structure among the claim 1-12, wherein, described epoxy resin comprises liquid epoxies and solid epoxy.

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