CN101298646B - Aluminum-niobium composite iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnetic alloy and deformation processing technique - Google Patents
Aluminum-niobium composite iron-chromium-cobalt permanent magnetic alloy and deformation processing technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a permanently magnetic alloy of Fe, Cr, Co with composite aluminum and niobium and a deforming and processing technique thereof, belongs to the field of permanently magnetic alloy materials of Fe, Cr, Co, and particularly relates to the alloy of Fe, Cr, Co that has reduced Co content and improved processing performance and the deforming and processing method thereof. The permanently magnetic alloy of Fe, Cr, Co with composite aluminum and niobium consists of following ingredients by weight: 22 to 27 percent of chromium (Cr), 10 to 16 percent of cobalt (Co), 1.0 to 3.0 percent of aluminum (Al), 3.0 to 5.5 percent of niobium (Nb) and remaining ferrum and unavoidable impurities. The deforming and processing technique of the permanently magnetic alloy of Fe, Cr, Co comprises a smelting procedure, a smithing procedure, a hot rolling procedure, an acid cleaning procedure, a cold processing procedure and a magnetic performance processing procedure. The invention can effectively reduce Co content, lower material cost, and improve the magnetic performance and the mechanical processing performance of the permanently magnetic alloy material; the processing technique that is provided by the invention has reasonable setting of each procedure which can allow the alloy to obtain higher magnetic performance and provide a better method for the deforming and processing of the permanently magnetic alloy material of Fe, Cr, and Co with high magnetic performance.
Description
Technical field
This case belongs to the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy material field, particularly reduces cobalt contents, improves the siderochrome cobalt-base alloy and the deformation processing method thereof of processing characteristics.
Background technology
Along with the development of dynamo-electric industry and information industry product diversification, the deformation processing of high performance magnetic material is a problem demanding prompt solution.
A large amount of permanent-magnet alloys that use mainly contain casting aluminium nickel cobalt, ferrite, rare earth, neodymium iron boron on the market, these materials are to adopt casting or powder metallurgy to produce, although magnetic property height, but bad mechanical property, do not possess workability, have the various defectives of casting or powder metallurgy, can not make elongated, meagre, complex-shaped, accurate in size permanent magnet component.
Thereby industry begins to put forth effort to study siderochrome cobalt series deformable permanent magnetic alloy material.
Known technology such as Chinese patent 98803221.X disclose a kind of manufacture method that contains the Nd-Fe-B crystallite permanent magnet of low concentration of rare earth element, soft magnetism is mixed wherein mutually with hard magnetic mutually, have HCJ iHc that is not less than 2.5kOe and the residual flux density Br that is not less than 9kG after the casting, its performance one price ratio can be compared with hard ferrite, have the microlitic structure of 70-500 μ m thickness, help the reduction of magnetic circuit size and thickness.By not being higher than at pressure in the 30KPa reduced pressure of inert gas atmosphere, casting has the alloy melt of specific composition on the cooling roller of rotation, directly makes the crystallite permanent magnet alloy with 15-50nm microlitic structure from alloy melt.In this manufacturing process, adopt alloy melt with the specific composition that has wherein added Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ag, Pt, Au and Pb, can obtain the crystallite permanent magnet alloy, HCJ iHc brings up to and is not less than 2.5kOe, compare with the scope of creating conditions of Nd-Fe-B ternary magnet, the best roller circumferential speed scope that can present hard magnetic property can be expanded, and acquisition thickness is 70 μ m-500 μ m.
And for example Chinese patent 99801229.7 discloses the permanent magnet alloy and the manufacture method thereof of excellent heat resistance, it consists of: C:0.1-15 atom %, B:0.5-15 atom % (C and B sum are 2-30 atom %), Co:0-40 atom % (not containing 0%), Dy+Tb:0.5-5 atom %, R:8-20 atom % (at least a kind of element selecting in the group that R represents to be made up of Nd, Pr, Ce, La, Y, Gd, Ho, Er and Tm), all the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Existing process shape siderochrome cobalt series permanent-magnet alloy or because magnetic property is low or because of the content of cobalt occupy high-leveled and difficult down, cost an arm and a leg (content 〉=20% of general cobalt), and restricted the industry application.The Fe-Cr-Co deformable permanent magnetic alloy material that market is demanded high working property energy, low cobalt content urgently comes out.
Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention is, overcomes the above-mentioned defective that the technology of taking over exists, and the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy and the deformation processing technique thereof of a kind of clad aluminum, niobium element are provided.
Primary and foremost purpose of the present invention provides the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of a kind of clad aluminum, niobium element;
Another purpose of the present invention provides the deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of above-mentioned clad aluminum, niobium element.
The present invention solves the alloy material technical problem and takes following technical scheme to realize, according to the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy that the invention provides a kind of clad aluminum, niobium element, wherein, its weight percent composition is: chromium (Cr) 22-27%, cobalt (Co) 10-16%, aluminium (Al) 1.0-3.0%, niobium (Nb) 3-5.5%, all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities.
The present invention solves the alloy material technical problem and can also adopt following measure further to realize:
The Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of aforesaid clad aluminum, niobium element, wherein, its weight percent is: chromium (Cr) 22.99%, cobalt (Co) 14.98%, aluminium (Al) 2.02%, niobium (Nb) 5.32%, all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities.
The present invention solves the technology problem and takes following technical scheme to realize, the deformation processing technique according to the invention provides the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of a kind of clad aluminum, niobium element wherein, has following operation:
I, smelting procedure are produced steel ingot, and the steel ingot densification, do not have subsurface bubble and tissue looseness; The Chemical Composition of steel ingot is: carbon (C)≤0.03%, phosphorus (P)≤0.03%, sulphur (S)≤0.03%, manganese (Mn)≤0.2%, chromium (Cr): 22-27%, cobalt (Co): 10-16%, aluminium (Al) 1.0-3.0%, niobium (Nb) 3-5.5%, and all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities;
II, forging process forge the ingot scalping after the preorder smelting, are swaged into blank pre-set dimension, the folded skin of the bright and clean nothing of surfacing;
Forged charging temperature is 500 ℃-800 ℃;
When being warmed to 1180 ℃-1230 ℃, be incubated 20-40 minute until the even heat penetration of steel ingot;
Final forging temperature is 〉=950 ℃; Air cooling;
III, hot-rolled process, the blank that surface quality is met processing requirement carries out heat treated, is controlled to be 2-2.5 hour heat-up time;
Blank heats up with stove, and charging temperature is not higher than 800 ℃, is heated to 1100 ℃-1150 ℃, and insulation is by default size hot-rolled moulding after 20 minutes;
IV, pickling process carry out pickling, reconditioning, cut off preorder hot-roll forming product;
The pickling solvent is sulfuric acid (H
2SO
4): sodium-chlor (NaCL): water (H
2O)=3: 1: 6,
Pickling temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the pickling time is 30-60 minute;
V, cold working operation will be carried out cold working to the hot-roll forming product after the preorder cleanup acid treatment;
VI, magnetic property treatment process, the element of the moulding product after the cold working being made default specification carries out the magnetic property processing;
VI-1 solution treatment operation, the element that preorder is up to specification are carried out solution treatment and are obtained single α phase supersaturated solid solution;
VI-2 magnetic field treatment operation places isothermal magnetic field to handle the element after the preorder solution treatment, and magneticstrength is 2500-3000 oersted (Oe); The magnetic field treatment temperature is 665-675 ℃; 40 minutes magnetic field treatment time; With the element after the isothermal magnetic field treatment with 6-10 ℃ of/minute speed cool to room temperature;
The VI-3 tempering process carries out the ladder tempering with the element after the preorder magnetic field treatment, specifically: and martemper, the tempering furnace temperature at different levels preset temp that successively decreases step by step, and tempering insulation time at different levels increases progressively Preset Time, the air cooling of coming out of the stove at last step by step.
The present invention solves the technology problem and can also adopt following measure further to realize:
The deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of aforesaid clad aluminum, niobium element, wherein, described smelting procedure, chromium is 1.45-1.85 than the content ratio of cobalt in the raw material.
The deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of aforesaid clad aluminum, niobium element wherein, forges in the process at steel ingot in the described forging process, and forging hammer wants light earlier back heavy, and along the same direction application of force of steel ingot; Before hot-rolled process, have the reconditioning operation, will remove the reconditioning of blank surface defective through the blank that forging process forges.
The deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of aforesaid clad aluminum, niobium element, wherein, hot-roll forming product described in the described hot-rolled process are band plate,
The wherein hot rolling of band plate base, its finishing temperature 〉=850 ℃, deflection 〉=90%; The hot rolling band plate is coiled back hardening chilling, and water temperature is less than 30 degree;
Or the hot-roll forming product are wire rod,
The wherein hot rolling of wire rod square billet will be through the wire rod water-cooled of too high line hot-roll forming, and water temperature is less than 30 degree;
Or hot piercing moulding product are pipe,
The wherein hot piercing of pipe, the pipe truck that preorder is swaged into becomes the optical wand of pre-set dimension, goes into the stove heating, charging temperature is below 800 ℃, is warmed up to 1120 ℃-1160 ℃ with stove, is incubated 40 minutes, carry out the pipe perforation, perforation back hardening chilling, water temperature is less than 30 degree.
The deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of aforesaid clad aluminum, niobium element, wherein, pickling temperature is 50-80 ℃ in the described pickling process, the pickling time is 30-60 minute.
The deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of aforesaid clad aluminum, niobium element wherein, in the described cold working operation to preorder through the hot-roll forming product of overpickling for the cold working step of band plate is:
Cold-strip, the deflection of each passage all is controlled at 30-40%; Clean annealing is adopted in destressing in the cold-rolled process, and clean annealing adopts track type hydrogen protective atmosphere, and design temperature is 1080 ℃, 2.6 meters/minute of belt speed, air cooling; Cold rolling through multi-pass until finished product; Finished products adopts clean annealing, and design temperature is 980 ℃, 2.8 meters/minute of belt speed, air cooling;
Or through the hot-roll forming product of overpickling be for the cold working step of wire rod to preorder:
The hand-drawn wire material, the deflection of each passage all is controlled at 20-30%; Stress relief annealing in the Cold Drawing Process adopts cabinet-type electric furnace annealing; Charging temperature is 1080 ℃, and furnace temperature rises to: in the time of 1080 ± 20 ℃, be incubated 20-30 minute, and the rapid hardening of coming out of the stove, water temperature is less than 30 degree; All need pickling after every time annealing, pickling temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the pickling time is 30-60 minute; Adopt the continous way clean annealing below silk material draw to 2 millimeter, design temperature is 1060 ℃, 3.0 meters/minute of belt speed, and air cooling is through multi-pass draw finished product;
Or through the hot-roll forming product of overpickling be for the cold working step of tubing to preorder:
Cold rolling-cold-drawn tubing, the deflection of cold rolling each passage all is controlled at 30-40%; The deflection of each passage of cold-drawn all is controlled at 20-30%; Stress relief annealing in the process adopts and electrically contacts heat treated; Annealing temperature: 1080-1120 ℃, be incubated 2-3 minute; Evenly be popular in, rapid hardening, water temperature is less than 30 degree; Need pickling before cold rolling, pickling temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the pickling time is 30-60 minute; Through the cold rolling cold-drawn finished product of multi-pass.
The deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of aforesaid clad aluminum, niobium element, wherein, the solution treatment operation of described magnetic property treatment process, wherein, when furnace temperature rose to 1230 ± 10 ℃, element was gone into stove, after evenly being popular in to element, soaking time 15-20 minute, the rapid hardening of coming out of the stove, water temperature is less than 30 degree.
The deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of aforesaid clad aluminum, niobium element, wherein, the magnetic field treatment operation of described magnetic property treatment process, wherein, the magnetic field treatment temperature is 670 ℃.
The deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of aforesaid clad aluminum, niobium element, wherein, magnetic field treatment operation in the described magnetic property treatment process, wherein, the element after the isothermal magnetic field treatment is with 6 ℃ of/minute speed cool to room temperature.
The deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of aforesaid clad aluminum, niobium element, wherein, the tempering process of described magnetic property treatment process, specifically:
First step tempering, 620 ℃ of charging temperatures, element is warming up to 620 ℃ with stove, evenly behind the heat penetration, is incubated and is cooled to the next stage tempering after 30 minutes;
After second stage tempering, furnace temperature are reduced to 600 ℃; Be incubated and be cooled to the next stage tempering after 60 minutes;
After third stage tempering, furnace temperature are reduced to 580 ℃, be incubated and be cooled to the next stage tempering after 120 minutes;
After fourth stage tempering, furnace temperature are reduced to 560 ℃, be incubated and be cooled to the next stage tempering after 120 minutes;
After level V tempering, furnace temperature are reduced to 540 ℃, be incubated 240 minutes, the air cooling of coming out of the stove.
The deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of aforesaid clad aluminum, niobium element, wherein, described smelting procedure adopts vacuum induction melting, selects vacuum tightness 〉=10
-2Handkerchief, electrolytic cobalt 99.9% in the raw material, nitrogen content≤150PPm, oxygen level≤500PPm; Chromium metal 99%, nitrogen content≤150PPm, oxygen level≤500PPm; Technically pure iron, nitrogen content≤50PPm, oxygen level≤300PPm.
The deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of aforesaid clad aluminum, niobium element, wherein, the hot rolling of the band plate base of described hot-rolled process, wherein, hot rolling band plate thickness is 3.0-3.5mm, wide is 250-350mm, the elasticity that the hot rolling band plate is coiled meets the hot rolling band plate when coiling hardening can through hardening elasticity.
Or the hot rolling of the wire rod base of described hot-rolled process, described wire rod diameter is Φ 5.5mm;
Or the hot piercing of the pipe of described hot-rolled process, described pipe car becomes Φ 35-36mm optical wand; During the pipe perforation, the pipe temperature must not be lower than 900 degree.
The deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of aforesaid clad aluminum, niobium element, wherein, described pickling solvent is H
2SO
4: NaCL: H
2O=3: 1: 6.
The present invention compared with prior art has significant advantage and beneficial effect.By above technical scheme as can be known, the present invention has following advantage at least under the structure configuration of excellence:
The present invention's alloy material is compound adding body-centered cubic structure element aluminum, niobium in iron (Fe)-23 chromium (Cr)-15 cobalt (Co) alloy, and the alpha phase zone of iron is enlarged, and α is more stable mutually, not only can effectively reduce the content of cobalt, thereby reduces material cost; Also can realize effectively reducing the material solid solubility temperature, improve its hot and cold processibility, improve the good result of alloy material magnetic property;
Complete processing of the present invention comprises that the reasonable setting of each preface such as smelting procedure, forging process, hot-rolled process, pickling process, cold working operation, magnetic property treatment process can make alloy further obtain higher magnetic property, for the deformation processing of high magnetic characteristics Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy material provides better method.
The present invention's alloy material had both had the favorable mechanical processing characteristics, had high magnetic property again, and owing to reduced expensive cobalt contents effectively, the price of alloy material was reduced greatly; Alloy material of the present invention thus replaces not only costing an arm and a leg, but also the Al-Ni-Co series alloy that is difficult for processing can become a reality, the present invention also can match with neodymium iron boron, samarium-cobalt alloy, is applied to fields such as electronic industry, nautical device, automobile instrument, electrical engineering, computer, rly., duplicating machine, burglar alarm, transmitter, high-performance compass, precision instrumentation widely.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is provided in detail by following examples and accompanying drawing thereof.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the magnetzation curve of Fe-23Cr-15Co;
Fig. 2 is the alloy and the coercitive relation of different content aluminium, niobium;
Fig. 2 a is the relation of the alloy and the remanent magnetism of different content aluminium, niobium;
Fig. 2 b is the alloy of different content aluminium, niobium and the relation of maximum magnetic energy product.
Fig. 3 is a Fe-23Cr-15Co-Nb-Al cold rolling strap solid solution condition.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, to according to embodiment provided by the invention, composition, feature and effect thereof, describe in detail as after.
The Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy Fe-23Cr-15Co-Nb-Al of a kind of clad aluminum, niobium element, its weight percent composition is: chromium (Cr) 22-27%, cobalt (Co) 10-16%, aluminium (Al) 1.0-3.0%, niobium (Nb) 3-5.5%, and all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities;
The preferred component weight percent is: chromium (Cr) 22.99%, cobalt (Co) 14.98%, aluminium (Al) 2.02%, and %, niobium (Nb) 5.32%, all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities;
Referring to Fig. 2-3, because main component is iron (Fe) in the Fe-23Cr-15Co alloy, aluminium, niobium are the elements that enlarges alpha phase zone, add the appearance that aluminium, niobium element can suppress the γ phase at iron-23 chromium-15 cobalt, and can crystal grain thinning, reach and improve coercitive purpose.Increase Hc value with the element add-on increases, but little to the influence of Br value, alloying element content is too high, can influence the processibility of material; The compound adding of an amount of aluminium, niobium element under the situation that guarantees its magnetic property, can be played the effect of the processing performance of improving alloy.
Among Fig. 2
A1 represents to contain the coercive force of the Fe-23Cr-15Co alloy of 1%Al and 2%Nb;
A2 represents to contain the coercive force of the Fe-23Cr-15Co alloy of 1.5%Al and 2.2%Nb;
A3 represents to contain the coercive force of the Fe-23Cr-15Co alloy of 2%Al and 3%Nb;
A4 represents to contain the coercive force of the Fe-23Cr-15Co alloy of 2.02%Al and 5.32%Nb.
Among Fig. 2 a
B1 represents to contain the remanent magnetism of the Fe-23Cr-15Co alloy of 1%Al and 2%Nb;
B2 represents to contain the remanent magnetism of the Fe-23Cr-15Co alloy of 1.5%Al and 2.2%Nb;
B3 represents to contain the remanent magnetism of the Fe-23Cr-15Co alloy of 2%Al and 3%Nb;
B4 represents to contain the remanent magnetism of the Fe-23Cr-15Co alloy of 2.02%Al and 5.32%Nb.
Among Fig. 2 b
C1 represents to contain the magnetic energy product of the Fe-23Cr-15Co alloy of 1%Al and 2%Nb;
C2 represents to contain the magnetic energy product of the Fe-23Cr-15Co alloy of 1.5%Al and 2.2%Nb;
C3 represents to contain the magnetic energy product of the Fe-23Cr-15Co alloy of 2%Al and 3%Nb;
C4 represents to contain the magnetic energy product of the Fe-23Cr-15Co alloy of 2.02%Al and 5.32%Nb.
The deformation processing technique step of aforementioned alloy material is as follows:
I, smelting procedure adopt vacuum induction melting, select vacuum tightness 〉=10
-2Handkerchief is produced steel ingot;
Wherein raw material is selected for use:
Electrolytic cobalt 99.9% (purity), nitrogen content≤150PPm, oxygen level≤500PPm;
Chromium metal 99% (purity), nitrogen content≤150PPm, oxygen level≤500PPm;
Technically pure iron, nitrogen content≤50PPm, oxygen level≤300PPm.
The content ratio of chromium and cobalt is between 1.45-1.85 in the raw material;
The Chemical Composition of steel ingot should satisfy:
Carbon (C)≤0.03%, phosphorus (P)≤0.03%, sulphur (S)≤0.03%, manganese (Mn)≤0.2%, chromium (Cr): 22-27%, cobalt (Co): 10-16%, aluminium (Al) 1.0-3.0%, niobium (Nb) 3-5.5%, all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities;
Nitrogen≤120PPm in the steel ingot; Oxygen≤80PPm;
Can not there be the loose of subsurface bubble and tissue in the densification of requirement steel ingot.
Because nitrogen can enlarge the γ phase region of alloy, influence the critical cooling velocity of alloy significantly, thereby magnetic is had disadvantageous effect.Thereby selection vacuum melting, and should the strict content of controlling nitrogen in smelting.
Table 1 is the chemical ingredients and the magnetic property relation of iron-chromium-cobalt-base alloy of containing aluminium, niobium;
II, forging process forge the ingot scalping after the preorder smelting, are swaged into pre-set dimension and roll the band plate base or roll wire rod square billet or pipe;
Forged charging temperature is 500 ℃-800 ℃, when being warmed to 1180 ℃-1230 ℃, is incubated 20-40 minute, and final forging temperature is 〉=950 ℃; Air cooling; Soaking time is to guarantee that the even heat penetration of steel ingot is a principle;
Forge in the process at steel ingot, forging hammer wants light earlier back heavy, and along the same direction application of force of steel ingot, otherwise easily split, the bright and clean nothing of forging stock surfacing is folded skin;
Because preorder has rationally reduced chromium, cobalt contents, and effectively controls forging temperature, makes processing characteristics obtain obvious improvement;
Table 1
III, reconditioning operation, the blank that preorder is forged carries out figuring of surface, removes the defectives such as lamination, fine fisssure of this blank surface, defective is not brought down into preface, is beneficial to postorder processing;
IV, hot-rolled process,
IV-1 carries out heat treated with preorder through any one blank in the band plate base of reconditioning, the wire rod square billet; The blank charging temperature is not higher than 800 ℃, is heated to 1100 ℃-1150 ℃, and be insulation in 2-2.5 hour 20 minutes heat-up time;
By default size hot-rolled one-tenth section bar, the corresponding aforementioned blank of this section bar is band plate or wire rod square billet to IV-2, pipe (hot piercing) with the preorder blank;
In the aforementioned IV-2 preface
The hot rolling of band plate base
Its finishing temperature 〉=850 ℃, deflection 〉=90%; The hot rolling band plate is coiled the back chilling, and water temperature is less than 30 degree, and coil can not be too tight for the hot rolling band plate when becoming section bar, otherwise can not through hardening during hardening;
Described hot rolling band plate thickness is 3.0-3.5mm, and wide is 250-350mm;
In the aforementioned IV-2 preface
The hot rolling of wire rod square billet
Its finishing temperature 〉=850 ℃, deflection 〉=90%, through the wire rod of too high line hot-roll forming, water-cooled, water temperature is less than 30 degree, and described wire rod diameter is Φ 5.5mm;
In the aforementioned IV-2 preface
The hot piercing of pipe,
The pipe car of II forging process is become Φ 35-36mm optical wand, go into the stove heating, charging temperature is below 800 ℃, is warmed up to 1120 ℃-1160 ℃ with stove, is incubated 40 minutes, perforation back hardening chilling, and water temperature is less than 30 degree; The pipe material will bear compression simultaneously, extend and the distortion compression in hot procedure.Therefore want the Heating temperature of strict control pipe, the highlyest must not be higher than 1160 ℃, minimumly must not be lower than 1120 ℃; Getting from stove should bore a hole rapidly behind the material prevents cooling because of material in the process, and the pipe temperature reaches more than 900 degree when guaranteeing perforation, otherwise pipe ftractures easily.
V, pickling process
The band plate of preorder hot-roll forming or wire rod or pipe profile are carried out pickling, reconditioning, cut off;
Acid cleaning process is:
The pickling solvent is H
2SO
4: NaCL: H
2O=3: 1: 6,
Pickling temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the pickling time is 30-60 minute; This acid cleaning process is different from the pickling of other alloys, and above-mentioned processing compound mode is effective scale removal both, can prevent this material excessive erosion again.
VI, cold working operation
Band plate, wire rod, pipe profile to the preorder hot-roll forming are carried out cold working, and step is:
The VI-1 cold-strip, the deflection of each passage all is controlled at 30-40%; The cold-strip stress relief annealing adopts clean annealing, and clean annealing adopts track type hydrogen protective atmosphere, and design temperature is 1080 ℃, 2.8 meters/minute of belt speed, air cooling; Cold rolling through multi-pass until finished product; Finished products adopts clean annealing, and design temperature is 980 ℃, 2.8 meters/minute of belt speed, air cooling;
VI-2 hand-drawn wire material, the deflection of each passage all is controlled at 20-30%; Hand-drawn wire material stress relief annealing adopts cabinet-type electric furnace annealing; Charging temperature is 1080 ℃, and furnace temperature rises to: in the time of 1080 ± 20 ℃, be incubated 20-30 minute, and the rapid hardening of coming out of the stove, water temperature is less than 30 degree; All need pickling after every time annealing, the pickling solvent is H
2SO
4: NaCL: H
2O=3: 1: 6, pickling temperature was 50-80 ℃, and the pickling time is 30-60 minute; Adopt the continous way clean annealing below silk material draw to 2 millimeter, design temperature is 1060 ℃, 3.0 meters/minute of belt speed, and air cooling, through multi-pass draw finished product, so far, material can pull out 0.1 millimeter circle silk or flat filament;
VI-3 is cold rolling-cold-drawn tubing, and the deflection of cold rolling each passage all is controlled at 30-40%; The deflection of each passage of cold-drawn all is controlled at 20-30%; Pony-roughing pass annealing is adopted and is electrically contacted heat treated; Annealing temperature: 1080-1120 ℃, be incubated 2-3 minute; Evenly be popular in, rapid hardening, water temperature is less than 30 degree; Need pickling before cold rolling, the pickling solvent is H
2SO
4: NaCL: H
2O=3: 1: 6, pickling temperature was 50-80 ℃, and the pickling time is 30-60 minute; Through the cold rolling cold-drawn finished product of multi-pass;
VII magnetic property treatment process, the band after cold rolling is through striking out the element of each specification, and the silk material of cold-drawn or tubing carry out magnetic property and handle through cutting off into the element of each specification;
VII-1 solution treatment operation is carried out solution treatment with aforementioned components, and purpose is to obtain single α phase supersaturated solid solution.For subsequent disposal is carried out structural preparation.The adding of alloying element aluminium, niobium has enlarged the alpha phase zone of alloy, has reduced solid solution temperature.
Because main component is iron (Fe) in iron (Fe)-23 chromium (Cr)-15 cobalt (Co) alloy, add body-centered cubic structure element aluminum, niobium, the alpha phase zone of iron is enlarged, and α is more stable mutually, effectively reduce the material solid solubility temperature, improve its hot and cold processibility thereby reach, improve the purpose of its magnetic property;
Best solid solubility temperature is 1230 ± 10 ℃, and after soaking time 15-20 minute, the rapid hardening of coming out of the stove, water temperature are no more than 30 degree, can obtain single α phase constitution, for follow-up magnetic field treatment is carried out structural preparation.
Table 2 is relations of magnetic property with the different solid solubility temperatures of two kinds of alloys of Fe-23Cr-15Co and Fe-23Cr-15Co-Al-Nb;
With the variation of solid solubility temperature, iron-23 chromium-15 cobalt magnetic property changes comparatively rapid as can be seen, and solid solubility temperature must carry out more than 1300 ℃, just can make magnetic property that higher lifting is arranged;
And the solid solubility temperature of Fe-23Cr-15Co-Al-Nb alloy material of the present invention can carry out near 1200 ℃, has more optimized processing condition.Metallurgical analysis sees that Fe-23Cr-15Co-Al-Nb of the present invention can obtain single α phase constitution after solution treatment as Fig. 3.
Table 2
VI-2 magnetic field treatment operation places processing back, isothermal magnetic field to cool off with 6-10 ℃/minute speed in the goods that partly become after the solution treatment of VI-1 preface; Can obtain higher magnetic property; If speed is slow excessively, production efficiency is too low, can not be fit to the industrialization needs; Magneticstrength is 2500-3000 oersted (Oe); The magnetic field treatment temperature is 665 ℃-675 ℃; Soaking time 40 minutes;
Preferred magnetic field treatment temperature is 670 ℃, and preferred speed of cooling is 6 ℃/minute;
Table 3 is the magnetic property of Fe-23Cr-15Co-Nb-Al alloy and the relation of magnetic field treatment temperature, and preferable as can be seen magnetic field treatment temperature range is 665-675 ℃.
Table 3
Table 4 is this alloy magnetic field treatment different speed of cooling after 40 minutes, through the magnetic property of multiple tempering after 620 ℃/0.5 hour+600 ℃/1 hour /+580 ℃/2 hours+560 ℃/2 hours+540 ℃/4 hours, slowly cooling after the magnetic field treatment as can be seen, speed of cooling is too fast as shrend, the Hc value is less than 100Oe, along with slowing down of speed of cooling, magnetic property rises, and speed of cooling is slowed to 10 ℃/minute and all obtains later higher magnetic property.
Table 4
| Cooling rate (℃/minute) | Remanent magnetism Br (Gs) | Coercive force (Oe) | Maximum magnetic energy product (BH) m |
| Water-cooled | 8060 | 70 | ?0.2 |
| Air cooling | 10500 | 450 | ?2.9 |
| |
12100 | 540 | ?4.6 |
| Control speed 10 | 13200 | 560 | ?5.5 |
| |
13880 | 590 | ?5.8 |
| |
13760 | 620 | ?6.0 |
The VII-3 tempering process carries out the ladder tempering with the goods that partly become after the VII-2 preface magnetic field treatment, specifically:
VII-3-1 the-level tempering, 620 ℃ of charging temperatures, the even heat penetration of material, furnace temperature to 620 ℃ is incubated 30 minutes; Be cooled to next stage then;
After the tempering of the VII-3-2 second stage, furnace temperature are reduced to 600 ℃, be incubated 60 minutes, be cooled to next stage then;
The tempering of the VII-3-3 third stage after furnace temperature is reduced to 580 ℃, is incubated 120 minutes, is cooled to next stage then;
The tempering of the VII-3-4 fourth stage after furnace temperature is reduced to 560 ℃, is incubated 120 minutes, is cooled to next stage then;
The tempering of VII-3-5 level V after furnace temperature is reduced to 540 ℃, is incubated 240 minutes, the air cooling of coming out of the stove then;
Conclusion:
Fig. 1 is the magnetzation curve of Fe-23Cr-15Co;
By each table as seen, except that the processing performance of having improved alloy, handle speed of cooling behind this case adding aluminium, the niobium element, still can obtain high magnetic property by controlling magnetic field.This case alloy material has high magnetic property, the control of the magnetic field isothermal processes speed of cooling by thermal treatment process, and magnetic property is better.Its magnetic property index can realize:
Remanent magnetism Br=13800G;
Coercivity H=620Oe
Maximum magnetic energy product (B.H)
Max=6.0MGOe.
The solid solution condition mechanical property is:
Tensile strength sigma
b=760MPa unit elongation δ=32% relative reduction in area φ=45%
Vickers hardness hv=180.
The above, it only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not that the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, every foundation technical spirit of the present invention all still belongs in the scope of technical solution of the present invention any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did.
Claims (15)
1. the deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of a clad aluminum, niobium element is characterized in that having following operation:
I, smelting procedure are produced steel ingot, and the steel ingot densification, do not have subsurface bubble and tissue looseness; The Chemical Composition of steel ingot is: carbon (C)≤0.03%, phosphorus (P)≤0.03%, sulphur (S)≤0.03%, manganese (Mn)≤0.2%, chromium (Cr): 22-27%, cobalt (Co): 10-16%, aluminium (Al) 1.0-3.0%, niobium (Nb) 3-5.5%, and all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities;
II, forging process forge the ingot scalping after the preorder smelting, are swaged into blank pre-set dimension, the folded skin of the bright and clean nothing of surfacing;
Forged charging temperature is 500 ℃-800 ℃;
When being warmed to 1180 ℃-1230 ℃, be incubated 20-40 minute until the even heat penetration of steel ingot;
Final forging temperature is 〉=950 ℃; Air cooling;
III, hot-rolled process, the blank that surface quality is met processing requirement carries out heat treated, is controlled to be 2-2.5 hour heat-up time;
Blank heats up with stove, and charging temperature is not higher than 800 ℃, is heated to 1100 ℃-1150 ℃, and insulation is by default size hot-rolled moulding after 20 minutes;
IV, pickling process carry out pickling, reconditioning, cut off preorder hot-roll forming product;
The pickling solvent is:
Sulfuric acid (H
2SO
4): sodium-chlor (NaCl): water (H
2O)=3: 1: 6,
Pickling temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the pickling time is 30-60 minute;
V, cold working operation will be carried out cold working to the hot-roll forming product after the preorder cleanup acid treatment;
VI, magnetic property treatment process, the element of the moulding product after the cold working being made default specification carries out the magnetic property processing;
VI-1, solution treatment operation are carried out solution treatment with element up to specification and are obtained single α phase supersaturated solid solution;
VI-2, magnetic field treatment operation place isothermal magnetic field to handle the element after the preorder solution treatment, and magneticstrength is 2500-3000 oersted (Oe); The magnetic field treatment temperature is 665-675 ℃; 40 minutes magnetic field treatment time; With the element after the isothermal magnetic field treatment with 6-10 ℃ of/minute speed cool to room temperature;
VI-3, tempering process carry out the ladder tempering with the element after the preorder magnetic field treatment, specifically: and martemper, the tempering furnace temperature at different levels preset temp that successively decreases step by step, and tempering insulation time at different levels increases progressively Preset Time, the air cooling of coming out of the stove at last step by step.
2. the deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of clad aluminum as claimed in claim 1, niobium element is characterized in that, described smelting procedure, and chromium is 1.45-1.85 than the content ratio of cobalt in the raw material.
3. the deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of clad aluminum as claimed in claim 1 or 2, niobium element is characterized in that, forges in the process at steel ingot in the described forging process, and forging hammer wants light earlier back heavy, and along the same direction application of force of steel ingot; Before hot-rolled process, have the reconditioning operation, will remove the reconditioning of blank surface defective through the blank that forging process forges.
4. the deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of clad aluminum as claimed in claim 3, niobium element is characterized in that, hot-roll forming product described in the described hot-rolled process are band plate,
The wherein hot rolling of band plate base, its finishing temperature 〉=850 ℃, deflection 〉=90%; The hot rolling band plate is coiled back hardening chilling, and water temperature is less than 30 degree;
Or the hot-roll forming product are wire rod,
The wherein hot rolling of wire rod square billet will be through the wire rod water-cooled of too high line hot-roll forming, and water temperature is less than 30 degree;
Or hot piercing moulding product are pipe,
The wherein hot piercing of pipe, the pipe truck that preorder is swaged into becomes the optical wand of pre-set dimension, goes into the stove heating, charging temperature is below 800 ℃, is warmed up to 1120 ℃-1160 ℃ with stove, is incubated 40 minutes, carry out the pipe perforation, perforation back hardening chilling, water temperature is less than 30 degree.
5. as the deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of clad aluminum, niobium element as described in the claim 4, it is characterized in that pickling temperature is 50-80 ℃ in the described pickling process, the pickling time is 30-60 minute.
6. the deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of clad aluminum as claimed in claim 5, niobium element is characterized in that, in the described cold working operation to preorder through the hot-roll forming product of overpickling for the cold working step of band plate is:
Cold-strip, the deflection of each passage all is controlled at 30-40%; Clean annealing is adopted in destressing in the cold-rolled process, and clean annealing adopts track type hydrogen protective atmosphere, and design temperature is 1080 ℃, 2.6 meters/minute of belt speed, air cooling; Cold rolling through multi-pass until finished product; Finished products adopts clean annealing, and design temperature is 980 ℃, 2.8 meters/minute of belt speed, air cooling;
Or through the hot-roll forming product of overpickling be for the cold working step of wire rod to preorder:
The hand-drawn wire material, the deflection of each passage all is controlled at 20-30%; Stress relief annealing in the Cold Drawing Process adopts cabinet-type electric furnace annealing; Charging temperature is 1080 ℃, and furnace temperature rises to: in the time of 1080 ± 20 ℃, be incubated 20-30 minute, and the rapid hardening of coming out of the stove, water temperature is less than 30 degree; All need pickling after every time annealing, pickling temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the pickling time is 30-60 minute; Adopt the continous way clean annealing below silk material draw to 2 millimeter, design temperature is 1060 ℃, 3.0 meters/minute of belt speed, and air cooling is through multi-pass draw finished product;
Or through the hot-roll forming product of overpickling be for the cold working step of tubing to preorder:
Cold rolling-cold-drawn tubing, the deflection of cold rolling each passage all is controlled at 30-40%; The deflection of each passage of cold-drawn all is controlled at 20-30%; Stress relief annealing in the process adopts and electrically contacts heat treated; Annealing temperature: 1080-1120 ℃, be incubated 2-3 minute; Evenly be popular in, rapid hardening, water temperature is less than 30 degree; Need pickling before cold rolling, pickling temperature is 50-80 ℃, and the pickling time is 30-60 minute; Through the cold rolling cold-drawn finished product of multi-pass.
7. as the deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of the described clad aluminum of one of claim 4-6, niobium element, it is characterized in that, the solution treatment operation of described magnetic property treatment process, wherein, when furnace temperature rose to 1230 ± 10 ℃, element was gone into stove, after evenly being popular in to element, soaking time 15-20 minute, the rapid hardening of coming out of the stove, water temperature is less than 30 degree.
8. the deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of clad aluminum as claimed in claim 7, niobium element is characterized in that, the magnetic field treatment operation of described magnetic property treatment process, and wherein, the magnetic field treatment temperature is 670 ℃.
9. the deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of clad aluminum as claimed in claim 8, niobium element is characterized in that, magnetic field treatment operation in the described magnetic property treatment process, and wherein, the element after the isothermal magnetic field treatment is with 6 ℃ of/minute speed cool to room temperature.
10. the deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of clad aluminum as claimed in claim 9, niobium element is characterized in that, the tempering process of described magnetic property treatment process, specifically:
First step tempering, 620 ℃ of charging temperatures, element is warming up to 620 ℃ with stove, evenly behind the heat penetration, is incubated and is cooled to the next stage tempering after 30 minutes;
After second stage tempering, furnace temperature are reduced to 600 ℃; Be incubated and be cooled to the next stage tempering after 60 minutes;
After third stage tempering, furnace temperature are reduced to 580 ℃, be incubated and be cooled to the next stage tempering after 120 minutes;
After fourth stage tempering, furnace temperature are reduced to 560 ℃, be incubated and be cooled to the next stage tempering after 120 minutes;
After level V tempering, furnace temperature are reduced to 540 ℃, be incubated 240 minutes, the air cooling of coming out of the stove.
11. the deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of clad aluminum as claimed in claim 10, niobium element is characterized in that, described smelting procedure adopts vacuum induction melting, selects vacuum tightness 〉=10
-2Handkerchief, electrolytic cobalt 99.9% in the raw material, nitrogen content≤150PPm, oxygen level≤500PPm; Chromium metal 99%, nitrogen content≤150PPm, oxygen level≤500PPm; Technically pure iron, nitrogen content≤50PPm, oxygen level≤300PPm.
12. the deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of clad aluminum as claimed in claim 11, niobium element, it is characterized in that, the hot rolling of the band plate base of described hot-rolled process, wherein, hot rolling band plate thickness is 3.0-3.5mm, wide is 250-350mm, the elasticity that the hot rolling band plate is coiled meets the hot rolling band plate when coiling hardening can through hardening elasticity;
Or the hot rolling of the wire rod base of described hot-rolled process, described wire rod diameter is Φ 5.5mm;
Or the hot piercing of the pipe of described hot-rolled process, described pipe car becomes Φ 35-36mm optical wand; During the pipe perforation, the pipe temperature must not be lower than 900 degree.
13. the deformation processing technique of the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of clad aluminum as claimed in claim 12, niobium element is characterized in that, described pickling solvent is H
2SO
4: NaCl: H
2O=3: 1: 6.
14. as the clad aluminum of the arbitrary processes of claim 1-13, the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of niobium element, it is characterized in that, its weight percent composition is: chromium (Cr) 22-27%, cobalt (Co) 10-16%, aluminium (Al) 1.0-3.0%, niobium (Nb) 3-5.5%, all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities.
15. as the clad aluminum of the arbitrary processes of claim 1-13, the Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnetic alloy of niobium element, it is characterized in that, its weight percent is: chromium (Cr) 22.99%, cobalt (Co) 14.98%, aluminium (Al) 2.02%, niobium (Nb) 5.32%, all the other are iron and unavoidable impurities.
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