Background technology
Synchronous motor silicon controlled excitation device is widely used on various types of synchronous motors, it adopts electronic devices and components composition non-contact circuit control exciting currents such as thyristor, excitation generator, special excitation contactor have been saved, with excitation generator relatively, the reliability of its excitation system, success ratio is encouraged in throwing, excitation efficiency is greatly improved; The operational process of synchronous motor can be divided into by running status: starting, operation, three processes of stopping.In design, adopt two digital quantity input signals in the starting process: metasynchronism signal (rotor speed does not reach metasynchronism/reach metasynchronism) is pressed polar signal with rotor induction; Output signal has the demagnetization control signal, throws and encourage control signal.Power factor signal when the input signal of excitation unit has synchronizing signal, excitation output current feedback signal and synchronous motor operation in the operational process, synchronizing signal is a digital quantity, the unique analog quantity that excitation output current feedback signal need be handled; The output signal of excitation unit has phase shift, trigger pulse in the operational process; Phase shift is exactly with the pilot angle time corresponding regularly, in the moment that timing reaches, sends trigger pulse.Docking process is divided into the inversion parking and non-inversion is stopped, and the input signal of excitation unit is a synchronizing signal voltage zero-cross switching value constantly in the inversion docking process; Output signal then is that phase shifting angle is set at inverter mode, sends trigger pulse.The general non-inversion docking process that adopts is only considered output signal more, and promptly the trigger pip of demagnetization thyristor makes the induction current of docking process release through discharge resistance.
General excitation unit, its all links generally all are provided with for realization control effectively to the rectification thyristor.But when Static Detection because the staff regulates the phenomenon that fault has been covered in the closed-loop control of the operation of field voltage electric current and system, make the rectification thyristor inefficacy, damage and be difficult to be found; The thyristor of the state labile in the excitation unit has very big influence to synchronous motor, for keeping required field voltage electric current, must make the phase shifting angle reach of normal thyristor, so that be used for replenishing the electric current and voltage that can not provide because of the thyristor damage, can cause promptly that voltage waveform is asymmetric, transient voltage is too high this moment, the exciting current fluctuation, electrical network be caused the situation of unbalanced influence, continue then can burn out synchronous motor for a long time.Therefore, if excitation unit has real time on-line monitoring and status display function to thyristor, then can guarantee the normal operation of synchronous motor, thereby also safeguard total system.
In addition, must be in all under the intact situation at all thyristors of thyristor rectifier bridge, excitation unit can take the inversion parking mode to stop; Otherwise, during docking process,, then take the inversion parking mode must cause inversion to be overturned if having any one thyristor to use not good or damaged, burn all the other whole thyristors immediately, burn out the phenomenon of motor so that produce the upper and lower bridge arm short circuit.Therefore, utilize prior art and the mode of taking inversion to stop, exist bigger risk and do not reach good effect.
Summary of the invention
The on-line monitoring method for thyristor that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of synchronous motor, have thyristor on-line real time monitoring and status display function and thyristor pre-detection function, so that before the synchronous motor starting operation, promptly can detect the quality of thyristor, with overcome discovery transistors breakdown that prior art can not be early, easily cause excitation unit to move in spite of illness, can not in time overhaul, unsettled deficiency is stopped in inversion.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of on-line monitoring method for thyristor of synchronous motor may further comprise the steps: send constantly front and back at each trigger pulse, respectively measure a magnitude of voltage, compare then, computing, judge whether corresponding thyristor is effectively triggered; If the voltage that the thyristor trigger pulse measures before sending constantly shows that less than the magnitude of voltage that measures send constantly at the thyristor trigger pulse after thyristor is effectively open-minded after being triggered; If the voltage that the thyristor trigger pulse measures before sending constantly greater than the magnitude of voltage that measures send constantly at the thyristor trigger pulse after, illustrates that thyristor is not yet in effect open-minded after being triggered.Corresponding position on the voltage oscillogram in each 20ms cycle for example, to field voltage sampling 12 times, before the thyristor trigger pulse sends constantly, measure magnitude of voltage V12, after the thyristor trigger pulse sends constantly, measure a magnitude of voltage V21 again, then magnitude of voltage V12, V21 are compared, if V21>V12 shows that thyristor is effectively open-minded after being triggered; If V21<V12 illustrates that thyristor is not yet in effect open-minded after being triggered; Detect six thyristors successively, judged the normal or damage of thyristor according to the state of these six thyristors then.
The on-line monitoring of thyristor is finished with same single-chip microcomputer, sends front and back constantly in each pulse, measures two field voltage values by the field voltage sample circuit, after the modulus circuit conversion, sends into the single-chip microcomputer computing, detects the state of all thyristors; With the fine or not state of the record of one 8 bit data register in single-chip microcomputer thyristor, the 1st to the 6th fine or not state that writes down each thyristor respectively of data register, under the normal condition with this position in 1, instead then with this position in 0.
Link is encouraged in the demagnetization and the throwing of test excitation unit before synchronous motor is driven, and manually pulls a switch or presses a button, makes the JC end points produce a high level instruction; Make single-chip microcomputer send the thyristor trigger pulse according to this instruction, and detect field voltage, thereby detect the quality of thyristor.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: have real time on-line monitoring function and thyristor status display function to fully controlled bridge rectification thyristor; Need not to increase under the situation of any additional facilities or running program, can before driving, the situation to the rectification thyristor carry out pre-detection, putting into operation in spite of illness to stop excitation unit; The Start-up of Synchronous Motor process makes negative two half-waves of rotor induction positive pressure symmetry fully, the dead-beat torque by one-chip computer control demagnetization thyristor; Parking mode can automatically switch, and avoids taking place inversion and overturns, and has effectively protected the rectification thyristor.
Embodiment
Shown in Fig. 6-1 and 6-2, the on-line monitoring method for thyristor of the described synchronous motor of the embodiment of the invention mainly comprises: send front and back constantly at each trigger pulse, respectively measure a magnitude of voltage, compare then, computing, judge whether corresponding thyristor is effectively triggered.Among Fig. 6-1, the position of correspondence on the voltage oscillogram of each cycle (20ms) is to field voltage sampling 12 times; If whole thyristors all is in normal condition, by among Fig. 6-1 as seen, certainly exist such ratio relation: V21>V12, V31>V22, V41>V32, V51>V42, V61>V52, V11>V62; If the thyristor that existence is bad is the situation shown in Fig. 6-2.For example, before thyristor SCR2 trigger pulse sends constantly, measure magnitude of voltage V12, after the SCR2 trigger pulse sends constantly, measure a magnitude of voltage V21 again, then magnitude of voltage V12, V21 are compared, if V21>V12 shows that SCR2 is effectively open-minded after being triggered; If V21<V12 illustrates that V21 is taken at the V13 place, effectively not open-minded after SCR2 is triggered, the waveform of SCR2 is lost, and what measure is not the waveform voltage of SCR2, but the continuity of the waveform of SCR1; Detected six thyristors successively, according to the state of these six thyristors, by software computing and waveform situation, it is normal to judge which thyristor, and which thyristor damages.
As shown in Figure 7, in thyristor on-line real time monitoring circuit, the right part connection mode number converter of single-chip microcomputer, the right part of analog to digital converter connects synchronous motor, during synchronous motor work, with the fine or not state of one 8 bit data register record thyristor in the single-chip microcomputer; Be engraved in the program and can directly use during the triggering of each thyristor, need not add circuit in addition; Send front and back constantly in each pulse, measure two field voltage values, send into the single-chip microcomputer computing, detect the state of all thyristors by the AD conversion.
Shown in Fig. 1-2, in starting process, increase by two photoelectrical coupler Q11, Q12 in its demagnetization link, photoelectrical coupler is by Single-chip Controlling.By adjusting the resistance of potentiometer, can make demagnetization thyristor (7SCR, 8SCR) conducting under different induced voltages, according to the adjust open voltage of demagnetization thyristor of the difference of fairing rated voltage, the demagnetization thyristor in starting process as diode, because the effective resistance in synchronous electric motor rotor loop is very big to the induction torque properties influence of motor, the discharge resistance in field copper loop is by the optimum value configuration, and the asynchronous starting characteristic is best; When rotor inductive currents flows clockwise, do not open the stage at the demagnetization thyristor, rotor loop has increased resistance R, and the induction torque characteristic of motor is degenerated; And after the demagnetization thyristor opens, and when induction current flowed counterclockwise, resistance R was again by short circuit, the induction torque characteristic is improved to be considered from the starting aspect, the open voltage of demagnetization thyristor is adjusted low more well more, and as diode, energized circuit is series resistor R no longer just.Consider that from the operation aspect the open voltage of demagnetization thyristor is adjusted high more well more, and the demagnetization thyristor is ended fully, as open circuit.Therefore, determine the instantaneous value of the open voltage of demagnetization thyristor at the 2.5-2.8 of rated voltage doubly comparatively desirable; When synchronous motor started, single-chip microcomputer sent trigger pip, connected S1, S2 by photoelectrical coupler Q11, Q12, pressed under the very low situation at rotor induction, can trigger demagnetization thyristor 7SCR, 8SCR, and this trigger pip is maintained to throw and encourages constantly; When rotor induction was pressed G1>G2, thyristor 7SCR, 8SCR be because of exist trigger voltage always, makes only to have inserted discharge resistance Rfd1, Rfd2 in the rotor loop; When rotor induction was pressed G1<G2, thyristor 7SCR, 8SCR ended because of current reversal, and the rotor loop induction current has then only inserted discharge resistance by diode GZ.Therefore, it is symmetrical fully that rotor induction piezoelectricity flows two half-waves, does not have the induction torque fluctuation in the starting process, thereby has improved starting performance.When motor speed reached metasynchronism, single-chip microcomputer sends to throw encouraged instruction, closes the trigger pulse of thyristor 7SCR, 8SCR simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 3, in the numerical control excitation unit, the method whether the detection motor speed reaches the metasynchronism rotating speed normally detects the change in polarity that rotor is responded to alternating voltage, in the synchronous motor starting process, the induced voltage of G1, G2 reaches hundreds of volts, and when motor speed during near the metasynchronism rotating speed, the induced voltage of G1, G2 is very low again, is difficult to detect.For this reason, an available resistance and a stabilivolt step-down measure the voltage at stabilivolt two ends, and maximal value is only the voltage breakdown of stabilivolt; Select a voltage comparator integrated circuit LM339 again for use, measure the metasynchronism signal, the offset voltage of LM339 is 2mv, can measure extremely low potential difference (PD), photoelectric coupling circuit Q21 is used for isolating the electrical link of single-chip microcomputer and synchronous motor, twice of 74LS04 is anti-phase, and to increase the driving force of voltage comparator, this circuit can accurately detect the metasynchronism state.During the synchronous motor starting, the frequency of the induction alternating voltage that the rotor-exciting winding produces is near 50Hz, if 95% of synchronous motor rated speed is considered as the metasynchronism rotating speed, be that to reduce to 2.5Hz be the metasynchronism rotating speed for frequency that rotor induction is pressed, the cycle that this moment, rotor induction was pressed is 400ms, rotor induction G2 terminal voltage is transformed into square-wave signal by voltage comparator, amplify through phase inverter successively, photoelectrical coupler Q21 isolates, send into the single-chip microcomputer timing, quickening along with motor speed, the width of square wave is widened gradually, when the width that detects G2 end square wave high level reached 200ms, the rotating speed of synchronous motor had just reached the metasynchronism rotating speed.According to the principle of work of excitation unit, throwing is encouraged exactly and is accelerated to the metasynchronism rotating speed constantly at synchronous motor, the trigger pulse of open three-phase full-controlled rectifier bridge thyristor; With the numerical control excitation unit of single-chip microcomputer design, send to throw and encourage signal and do not need special plug-in unit, an instruction only is set in Control Software both can have finished to throw and encourage operation.Encourage for satisfying along the polarity throwing, when the rotating speed of synchronous motor has reached metasynchronism, also will detect the induced voltage condition whether satisfied suitable utmost point throwing is encouraged of rotor this moment, promptly whether the polarity of rotor induction pressure satisfies G2>G1, still adopts detection G2 to hold the method for the polarity of square-wave signal; Getting the G2 end signal and detect metasynchronism and suitable polarity condition, can optimize the hardware and software design, is along polarity during G2>G1, the demagnetization thyristor turn-offs, and G2>G1 continues the moment of 200ms, is to reach the metasynchronism signal, also be the signal that satisfies along polarity condition, can throw immediately and encourage; Therefore, finishing metasynchronism simultaneously with the method that detects the G2 end signal detects and detects along polarity; Along polarity throw encourage single demagnetization thyristor circuit extremely important, if do not satisfy throw along the polarity situation encourage after owing to always there is the DC voltage of G1>G2, the demagnetization thyristor can't turn-off, and then makes the synchronous motor cisco unity malfunction.
As shown in Figure 4, synchronous motor is pulled into synchronous operation after throwing is encouraged, the condition of the normal operation of synchronous motor be for the three-phase full-controlled bridge thyristor by certain pilot angle, trigger a corresponding thyristor every 60 °, trigger pulse must be synchronous with main circuit, this device with the A phase zero passage of power supply constantly as synchronizing signal, synchronizing signal is transformed into square-wave signal by photoisolator, sends into single-chip microcomputer and handles.Phase shifting angle is made up of two parts: the regulated value of phase shifting angle set-point and motoring; What the parameter of this device adopted is voltage signal, promptly regulates with a potentiometer, converts this voltage signal to phase shifting angle through the A/D converter of single-chip microcomputer then, again by the single-chip microcomputer computing; The regulated value of motoring is divided into two kinds of situations: continuous current control mode and constant power factor control mode; When the continuous current control mode, exciting current fluctuates, and just according to the size adjustment phase shifting angle of current fluctuation value, it is stable that exciting current is kept for control system; When the constant power factor control mode, power factor fluctuates, and just according to the size adjustment phase shifting angle of power factor undulating quantity, it is stable that power factor is kept for control system.
As shown in Figure 5, adopt the dipulse triggering mode, dipulse realizes on pulse transforming wiring circuit.Trigger pulse is interrupted producing by timer T0, T1 in the single-chip microcomputer, through anti-phase drive integrated circult output, obtains after the power supply A phase zero cross signal, with pilot angle time corresponding value regularly, starts timer; When timer take place to interrupt, 60 ° at every interval then successively triggering+A ,-C ,+B ,-A ,+C ,-six rectification thyristors of B.This trigger pulse is by the sending from being sent by six pulse plug-in units, being improved to by a slice single-chip microcomputer of traditional excitation unit, has effectively solved inharmonious between the pulse plug-in unit.
As shown in Figure 8, in the reactive-load compensation link, the size of synchronous motor current drawn from three-phase supply is not only relevant with the load size with phase place, also relevant with the power of rotor excitation current, supply voltage at motor is constant, and under the constant situation of load, changes the size of rotor excitation current, can change the size and the phase place COS Φ of stator current, thereby change the power factor of power supply network; When rotor excitation current equals rated exciting current, the stator current minimum, COS Φ=1, electric current is identical with voltage-phase, and this moment, synchronous motor was equivalent to an ohmic load concerning electrical network, and from the electrical network absorption all is active power.If the minimizing rotor excitation current, then stator current increases, and phase lag, and this moment, motor was equivalent to an inductive load concerning electrical network; Make it greater than ratings if increase rotor excitation current, then stator current increases, and current phase is ahead of voltage, is capacity current.Drag the synchronous motor of impact load, when load increased, if keep constant excitation megnet, the power of electric motor factor reduced; When load surpassed nominal load, power factor reduction amplitude strengthened.The output pin of detection circuit of power factor inserts single-chip microcomputer, and single-chip microcomputer carries out the computing of phase shifting angle, changes the size of exciting current, makes the power factor of synchronous motor keep stable, thereby realizes reactive power compensation.
Before the synchronous motor starting, need the demagnetization and the throwing of test excitation unit to encourage link, when excitation unit is encouraged operation in the test throwing, can detect the user mode of whole thyristors, can find the thyristor that damages; In addition, the suffered interference of system is generally from approach such as power supply, space electromagnetism, IO channel, and available Switching Power Supply solves power supply and disturbs; In control program, take the Software Anti-interference mode, and isolate, can be used to anti-space electromagnetic interference (EMI) by metal cap; The detection of excitation induction alternating voltage, supply voltage zero passage detection, stop sign, power-off signal are switching value, isolate with photoisolator entirely and eliminate the input channel interference; Output channel is disturbed the trigger pulse that then adopts full-controlled rectifier bridge thyristor, by photoisolator and power.In docking process and starting process, be equipped with a demagnetization circuit, under the situation of synchronous motor orderly shutdown or emergency stop valve trip, when adopting the inversion parking mode, make the pilot angle of rectification thyristor be adjusted to 140 ° by software control; When adopting non-inversion parking mode, turn-off rectification thyristor trigger pulse, trigger the demagnetization thyristor simultaneously, rotor induction exchange current is released by additional resistance by software control.During synchronous motor work, single-chip microcomputer carries out on-line real time monitoring to the rectification thyristor always, and with the state of the record of one 8 bit data register in single-chip microcomputer thyristor, the 1st to the 6th fine or not state that writes down each thyristor respectively wherein, under the normal condition with this position in 1, instead then with this position in 0; When stopping, single-chip microcomputer detects the fine or not status register of thyristor, if this register is 0, then all thyristor is intact, can carry out inversion and stop, and the pilot angle with trigger pulse is put into the inversion angular zone immediately, carries out inversion and stops; If the fine or not status register of thyristor is not 0, represent that then certain thyristor has fault, cannot carry out inversion and stop, close the thyristor trigger pulse immediately, move general parking mode.