CN1012949B - 珍珠岩泡沫玻璃的制造方法 - Google Patents
珍珠岩泡沫玻璃的制造方法Info
- Publication number
- CN1012949B CN1012949B CN 87104277 CN87104277A CN1012949B CN 1012949 B CN1012949 B CN 1012949B CN 87104277 CN87104277 CN 87104277 CN 87104277 A CN87104277 A CN 87104277A CN 1012949 B CN1012949 B CN 1012949B
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- perlite
- foam glass
- weight ratio
- manufacture method
- total amount
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000011494 foam glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005332 obsidian Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 sodium aluminum fluoride Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C11/00—Multi-cellular glass ; Porous or hollow glass or glass particles
- C03C11/007—Foam glass, e.g. obtained by incorporating a blowing agent and heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C11/00—Multi-cellular glass ; Porous or hollow glass or glass particles
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
一种广泛用于吸音、保温的珍珠岩泡沫玻璃的制造方法,用开采矿物珍珠岩过程的尾粉和生产中膨胀珍珠岩的废料,加入发泡剂、还原剂,烧结而成,利用废渣降低成本。
Description
本发明属于泡沫玻璃的新原料,用于吸音、保温方面。
目前制造泡沫玻璃均用玻璃粉为原料,玻璃粉是由工业玻璃和日用玻璃破碎得到的,也有用矿物原料代替部分玻璃粉。如日本特许出原公告昭31-3533、黑曜岩加玻璃粉、纯碱、荧石、冰晶石等助溶剂和发泡剂而制得泡沫玻璃。
本发明的目的在于全部利用天然矿物珍珠岩作为原料、特别是利用珍珠岩废料,不必经过粉碎加工、利用废渣,降低了成本。
珍珠岩泡沫玻璃的构成如下用开采矿物珍珠岩过细的尾粉和膨胀珍珠岩生产中的废料微粉为原料,同时加入以芒硝为发泡剂,并加入以石墨为还原剂。
用开采矿物珍珠岩80目以下的尾粉和膨胀珍珠岩生产中80目以下废料微粉为原料、以芒硝为发泡剂时用量为珍珠岩总量的2%~4%,以石墨为还原剂时用量为珍珠岩粉总量的0.05~0.15%。
其加入芒硝为发泡剂时最佳用量为珍珠岩粉总量的3%,加入石墨为还原剂时最佳用量为珍珠岩粉总量的0.1%。(均为重量百分数)
珍珠岩泡沫玻璃的配方方法中所用珍珠岩成分范围:
SiO268~77% Al2O311~13.5%
Fe2O32.0%以下 CaO 0.5~2%
K2O 2~5% MgO 0~1%
Na2O 1~3.5% 烧失量 3~6.5%
因是废料、尾粉均能通过80目筛,不必再粉碎加工。
珍珠岩软化点比一般工业和日用硅酸盐玻璃为高,一般发泡剂均不适用。本发明的珍珠岩泡沫玻璃以无水芒硝(Na2SO4)(工业用)为高温发泡剂,用量为珍珠岩粉总量的2~4%,并加入还原剂石墨粉,用量为珍珠岩粉总量的0.05~0.15%。按上述重量百分比称量原料后,在球磨机中混合4~6小时。芒硝分解温度较高,1120℃时开始分解,在1200℃下3小时才分解9.8%,加入还原剂石墨粉,可促进芒硝的分解,在800℃就开始分解,1040℃分解最剧烈,此温度正值珍珠岩的发泡温度,芒硝分解的气体为软化的珍珠岩所包裹,形成泡沫玻璃。
将混合好的配合料装模,即可送入窑内发泡,配合料装填量为模具容量的30%~40%。
烧成发泡:烧成可在马弗式电炉或马弗式煤气炉、油炉内进行,要求炉内温差不大于20~30℃。
烧成制度为加热、发泡、稳定、退火四个阶段。
加热阶段不宜太快,防止粉料内外温差过大,但也不宜过慢,防止石墨过早氧化,合适的升温速度为3~8℃/分,窑炉气氛要求还原或中性,不宜用氧化气氛。
发泡温度为1100~1120℃,在发泡温度前120~150℃即从970~1100℃为快速升温阶段,升温速度5~10℃/分。因发泡剂不是在发泡温度才分解或反应,而是在更低的温度已开始分解和反应。在该温度范围停留时间过长,分解或反应生成的气体,将从尚未成玻璃相的固体粉料的空隙中逸出,这样得到泡沫体气相很少容重就大,只有快速升温,发泡剂产生大量气体的同时,珍珠岩粉也开始形成软化的玻璃相,气体为软化的珍珠岩玻璃所包裹而不能逸出,可以得到气相多的泡沫玻璃。当温度升到发泡温度时,需保温40~60分钟,使气相充分产生,发泡完善。
稳定阶段又称快速冷却阶段即1100~800℃区间,以15~20℃/分的冷却速度,将泡沫玻璃冷却下来,其目的在使玻璃冷却固化,形成的泡沫稳定,从800~600℃之间,降温速度可以稍慢,一般为5~7℃/分。
退火阶段对泡沫玻璃的强度影响很大,因泡沫玻璃为多孔材料,导热性差,所以退火速度慢,从600~400℃之间,降温速度为0.7~1℃/分,400℃以下,在退火窑内自然冷却到室温。
采用本发明的配方方法得到的珍珠岩泡沫玻璃,其性能能:容重300~450公斤/米3,抗压强度31.6~36.1公斤/厘米2(容重340~414公斤/米3)导热系数0.0566~0.059千卡/米·小时·度(容重383~417公斤/米3),一小时体积吸水率2.5~2.9%(容重355~390公斤/米3)15天体积吸水率6.6~7.4%(容重355~390公斤/米3),十五次循环冻融后重量损失0~2.5%,最高使用温度550℃。
本发明的珍珠岩泡沫玻璃,由于利用废渣,可使成本降低,可广泛应用于吸音、保温方面。
实施例1:采用珍珠岩废料的成分为:
SiO274.5% Al2O312.14%
CaO 0.844% Fe2O31.18%
Na2O 2.83% MgO 0.29%
烧失量4.54%(重量百分数)
通过80目筛,另加2%无水芒硝(工业用)0.07%石墨粉,在球磨机中混合6小时,配合料装在耐火模具中,装料量为模具容量的35%,装完料的模具送入窑中,以5℃/分的升温速度加热到980℃,再以8℃/分的升温速度升温到1100℃,在1100℃下保温50分钟,然后以15℃/分的冷却速度降温到800℃,在以5℃/分的冷却速度降到600℃,在600℃~400℃区间以1℃/分的冷却速度进行退火、最后在退火窑中自然冷却到室温,出模。
实例2:采用珍珠岩废料的成分为SiO276.4%
Al2O313.18% Fe2O30.995
CaO 0.93% K2O 2.38%
烧失量6.11%(重量百分数)
通过80目筛,另加3%无水芒硝(工业用)0.1%石墨粉在球磨机中混合6小时,配合料装在模具中,装料量为模具容重的35%,装完料的模具送入窑中,以5℃/分的升温速度加热到980℃,再以8℃/分的升温速度升温1100℃,在1100℃下保温50分钟。然后以15℃/分冷却速度降温到800℃,再以5℃/分冷却速度降到600℃,在600℃~400℃区间以1℃/分的冷却速度进行退火,最后在退火窑中自然冷却到室温、出模。
实例3:采用珍珠岩废料的成分为SiO276.1%
Al2O312.80% Fe2O31.39%
MgO 0.288% CaO 0.71%
K2O 4.41% 烧失量 4.3%(重量百分数)
通过80目筛,另加4%无水芒硝(工业用)0.15%石墨粉在球磨机中混合6小时,装料量为模具容重的35%,装完料的模具送入窑中,以5℃/分的升温速度加热到980℃,再以8℃/分的升温速度到1100℃,在1100℃下保温50分钟,然后以15℃/分的冷却速度降温到800℃,再以5℃/分冷却速度降到600℃,在600℃~400℃区间以1℃/分的冷却速度进行退火,最后在退火窑中自然冷却到室温,出模。
Claims (4)
1、一种用于吸音、保温的珍珠岩泡沫玻璃的制造方法,它是将均匀混合好的珍珠岩粉及发泡剂装入模具内,经高温焙烧40~60分钟后冷却制成,其特征在于:以开采矿物珍珠岩80目以下的尾粉和膨胀珍珠岩生产中80目以下废料微粉为原料,并加入用量为珍珠岩粉总量2~4%(重量比)的芒硝发泡剂和0.05~0.15%(重量比)的石墨还原剂。
2、根据权利要求1所述的珍珠岩泡沫玻璃的制造方法,其特征在于:焙烧的温度为1100~1120℃。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的珍珠岩泡沫玻璃的制造方法,其特征在于:发泡剂芒硝为珍珠岩粉总量的3%(重量比)。
4、根据权利要求3所述的珍珠岩泡沫玻璃的制造方法,其特征在于:还原剂石墨为珍珠岩粉总量的0.1%(重量比)。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN 87104277 CN1012949B (zh) | 1987-06-15 | 1987-06-15 | 珍珠岩泡沫玻璃的制造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN 87104277 CN1012949B (zh) | 1987-06-15 | 1987-06-15 | 珍珠岩泡沫玻璃的制造方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1030565A CN1030565A (zh) | 1989-01-25 |
CN1012949B true CN1012949B (zh) | 1991-06-26 |
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CN 87104277 Expired CN1012949B (zh) | 1987-06-15 | 1987-06-15 | 珍珠岩泡沫玻璃的制造方法 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8936850B2 (en) | 2010-07-19 | 2015-01-20 | Imerys Filtration Minerals, Inc. | Foam glass having a low coefficient of thermal expansion and related methods |
CN101985403A (zh) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-03-16 | 无锡工艺职业技术学院 | 发泡石保温板及其制备方法 |
CN103524043B (zh) * | 2013-10-09 | 2015-05-13 | 北京科技大学 | 一种用冷轧污泥和废玻璃生产泡沫玻璃的方法 |
CN113912311B (zh) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-06-07 | 信阳师范学院 | 保温砂及其制备方法 |
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1987
- 1987-06-15 CN CN 87104277 patent/CN1012949B/zh not_active Expired
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