CN101292064A - Multicomponent fiber comprising a phase change material - Google Patents

Multicomponent fiber comprising a phase change material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101292064A
CN101292064A CNA2006800388364A CN200680038836A CN101292064A CN 101292064 A CN101292064 A CN 101292064A CN A2006800388364 A CNA2006800388364 A CN A2006800388364A CN 200680038836 A CN200680038836 A CN 200680038836A CN 101292064 A CN101292064 A CN 101292064A
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China
Prior art keywords
fibre
phase
change material
multicomponent
fractionation
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CNA2006800388364A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
J·杜甘
E·库克霍夫
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Fiber Innovation Technology Inc
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Fiber Innovation Technology Inc
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/06—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/36—Cored or coated yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/40—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads
    • D02G3/404—Yarns or threads coated with polymeric solutions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/0201—Thermal arrangements, e.g. for cooling, heating or preventing overheating
    • H05K1/0203—Cooling of mounted components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
    • H05K1/0313—Organic insulating material
    • H05K1/0353—Organic insulating material consisting of two or more materials, e.g. two or more polymers, polymer + filler, + reinforcement
    • H05K1/0366—Organic insulating material consisting of two or more materials, e.g. two or more polymers, polymer + filler, + reinforcement reinforced, e.g. by fibres, fabrics

Abstract

The present invention is a multicomponent fiber comprising a temperature-regulating inner fiber component encapsulated by an outer fiber component. The invention further provides methods of preparing the inventive multicomponent fiber and methods of preparing a temperature-regulating fiber component incorporating at least one phase change material.

Description

The multicomponent fibre that comprises phase-change material
Invention field
The present invention relates to multicomponent fibre.Specifically, the present invention relates to comprise fibre fractionation and the multicomponent fibre of sealing the outer fiber component of fibre fractionation in this adjustment at least a adjustment.
Background
The fiber that is formed by synthetic polymer is considered to can be used for preparing textiles for a long time.This fibrid can be used for diversified application, for example clothes, disposable personal care article, filter medium and carpet.Still seek to can be used for forming composition with the fiber that improves thermal capacity.
Phase-change material has been used for various application.They have been included in wall and the floor room with comfortable room temperature is provided with store heat.Also their are introduced in cup, glass and tableware with under the required consumption temperature of the time that keeps diet to be in being prolongation.
Phase-change material also is used to keep clothes to be under the comfortable temperature.A kind of application requirements uses the paraffin hydrocarbon that is mixed with the silicon dry mash that is included in the plastic film bag, and this plastic film bag is placed between the layer of clothes.These sacks are huge and only provide benefit for those zones of wherein using this sack of clothes product.The shape of these sacks also makes and is difficult to they are fixed on the whole clothes.
Phase-change material is also directly introduced synthetic polymeric fibers.This can realize easily that this part ground is owing to the high-load of volatile material, and this volatile material is associated with the solvent spinning technology that forms synthetic polymeric fibers usually.But it is more debatable that phase-change material is introduced the melt-spun synthetic fiber, because the volatile material of high-load is not present in melt-spinning technology usually or not wished by this technology.In addition, because phase-change material has the tendency (that is, the leaching of fiber) of oozing out usually approximately showing phase transformation under the room temperature so directly comprise the fiber of this type of phase-change material, thereby make that this fiber is undesirable when touching.
For fear of these problems, for example ooze out, before this phase-change material is introduced effort in the melt-spun synthetic fiber and is generally included the microcapsule that will contain phase-change material and mix with the standard fibers grade thermoplastic polymer to form blend, subsequently with this blend melt spinning to form the one pack system synthetic fiber.This type of effort causes described microcapsule usually in intrastitial inadequate dispersion, and the machinability of the fibre property of difference and difference is unless use the microcapsule of low concentration.Yet, adopt the microcapsule of low concentration, be difficult to realize usually and the reversible thermal properties of the required enhancing that the use of phase-change material interrelates.In addition, when extruding this phase-change material of sealing with the formation fiber, microcapsule does not have resists the structural intergrity that puts on the power on this microcapsule.
Consider above-mentioned situation, still need to comprise in the following manner the fiber of phase-change material in this area, being fiber provides desirable hot property to keep pleasant sensation simultaneously.Multicomponent fibre of the present invention satisfies this kind needs.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to comprise the multicomponent fibre of phase-change material, this kind fiber preparation method is planted fabric and other material of fiber production thus and is used for the preparation method of the adjustment component of this kind fiber.In specific embodiment, the present invention relates to can be used for introducing the adjustment component of multicomponent fibre, thereby the fiber with especially favourable hot property is provided.Multicomponent fibre of the present invention is further favourable to be that it allows to introduce the phase-change material that increases concentration in whole fiber, thereby the fiber of the hot property with increase is provided, and can not sacrifice the machinability of this fiber by melt spinning.
In one aspect, the present invention relates to multicomponent fibre.In one embodiment, described multicomponent fibre comprises fibre fractionation and the outer fiber component of sealing fibre fractionation in this adjustment at least a adjustment.In a specific embodiment, based on the gross weight of fibre fractionation in this, described interior fibre fractionation comprises at least approximately 25wt% polyolefin and about at the most 50wt% phase-change material.
The interior fibre fractionation of adjustment that is used for multicomponent fibre of the present invention can further comprise additional component.In one embodiment, fibre fractionation also comprises silica containing component, for example fumed silica in this.In another embodiment, fibre fractionation also comprises olefinic material in this, preferred ethylenic copolymer, for example ethane-acetic acid ethyenyl ester.In a specific embodiment, fibre fractionation comprises polyolefin, phase-change material, silica containing material and ethylenic copolymer in this adjustment.
Various phase-change materials can be used for preparation temperature and regulate fibre fractionation, and this adjustment fibre fractionation especially can be used as the interior fibre fractionation of multicomponent fibre of the present invention.Specifically, being used for phase-change material of the present invention can be according to the required final use conversion of the product that comprises this multicomponent fibre.In other words, this multicomponent fibre can be introduced specific phase-change material, and this phase-change material has basically the transition temperature in expection obtains the scope of required hot property.Preferably, to comprise at least a transition temperature be about 10 ℃-about 50 ℃ compound to this phase-change material.In other embodiments, this phase-change material comprises at least a aliphatic hydrocarbon that contains about 8 carbon atoms to about 50 carbon atoms, for example octadecane.
Outer fiber component according to the present invention can comprise any material that can extrude in this multicomponent fibre of preparation.In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the outer fiber component comprises and has about 150 ℃-polymeric material of about 300 ℃ extrusion temperature.The limiting examples that can be used for preparing the material of this outer fiber component comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyamide, PLA and their mixture.
According to another aspect, the present invention relates to the manufacture method of adjustment fibre fractionation.In one embodiment, this method may further comprise the steps: preparation contains the precursor material of high concentration phase-change material and this precursor material is combined with polyolefin to prepare final adjustment fibre fractionation.In a specific embodiment, based on the gross weight of this precursor material, this precursor material comprises polyolefin and greater than the 50wt% phase-change material.This precursor material can be prepared as follows: mix this polyolefin and phase-change material with the fusion form, the mixture of gained is cooled to fixed mixture and with this fixed mixture processing to be particulate form.In addition, the step that this precursor material is combined with polyolefin preferably includes this particle precursors material mixed with the polyolefin that is particulate form of additional amount and satisfies, based on the gross weight of this adjustment fibre fractionation, this adjustment fibre fractionation comprises at least approximately 25wt% polyolefin and 50wt% phase-change material at the most.In a preferred embodiment, this precursor material also comprises silica containing material and olefinic material through preparation.
According to another aspect, the present invention relates to the preparation method of multicomponent fibre.In one embodiment, this method may further comprise the steps: fibre fractionation at least a adjustment is provided; The outer fiber component is provided; This fibre fractionation is introduced the fiber extrusion equipment that comprises spinning head; With extrude this fibre fractionation so that form multicomponent fibre, wherein this outer fiber component is sealed fibre fractionation in this.Preferably, should in fibre fractionation this outer fiber component is introduced this spinning head so that is prevented fibre fractionation contact environment atmosphere in this before introducing spinning head.
The accompanying drawing summary
In order to help to understand embodiment of the present invention, with reference to accompanying drawing, they are not necessarily drawn in proportion.In the accompanying drawings, they only are exemplary, and should not be construed restriction the present invention:
Fig. 1 is the profile that multicomponent fibre according to an embodiment of the invention is described, wherein this fiber is sheath/core configuration;
Fig. 2 is the profile of explanation according to another embodiment of sheath/core fibre of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the profile of explanation according to another embodiment of sheath/core fibre of the present invention, and wherein this core is offset in this sheath;
Fig. 4 explanation is according to another embodiment of sheath/core fibre of the present invention, and wherein this sheath is showing different geometries with this core aspect the cross section;
Fig. 5 also illustrates another embodiment according to sheath/core fibre of the present invention, and wherein this sheath is showing different geometries with this core aspect the cross section;
Fig. 6 is the cross section of another embodiment of explanation sheath/core fibre of the present invention, and wherein this sheath and core have similar rectangular geometries;
Fig. 7 is the cross section of the Hai Bao island embodiment of multicomponent fibre of the present invention; With
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of making according to the illustrative methods of multicomponent fibre of the present invention.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
Hereinafter will describe the present invention more completely, so that present disclosure will be comprehensively and completely and will fully pass on the scope of the invention for those skilled in the art together with the illustrative embodiment of the present invention that provides.It should be understood, however, that the present invention can and should not be construed the particular that is limited to this paper description and explanation by many multi-form enforcements.Though use particular term in the following description, these terms only are used for illustrating and intention unqualified or the restriction scope of the invention.Similarly numerical value is meant similar element from start to finish.When being used for this specification and the appended claims, singulative " a ", " an " and " the " comprise the plural number indication, unless obviously indication is opposite for context.
The present invention relates to multicomponent fibre or long filament, described multicomponent fibre or long filament comprise fibre fractionation and the outer fiber component of sealing fibre fractionation in this adjustment at least a adjustment.When this uses, " sealing " is meant that outer component is radially surrounded internal composition when by this fiber of cross-section.Without departing from the invention, this internal composition can expose at the end of fiber (for example under the situation at staple fibre).To further describe this kind with respect to various accompanying drawings below seals.
Multicomponent fibre according to the present invention can be used for absorbing or discharges heat energy to influence hot-fluid.In addition, these multicomponent fibres advantageously have being installed in of improved phase-change material and even allow to load than previously possible more phase-change material in this fiber in whole fibre structure.This multicomponent fibre is particularly advantageous in introduces various products, and textiles for example is to provide the thermal conditioning performance.For example, can be used for according to multicomponent fibre of the present invention, clothes, protective clothing, footwear, blanket, treatment pad, heat/ice bag, Food container, seat cushion, board layer casting die, structural insulated body, wallpaper, curtain lining, tube packaging, carpet, ceramic tile, household electrical appliance insulator, vehicle liner material, sleeping bag, bed clothes and various other products.These various uses are especially contained by multicomponent fibre of the present invention because it is characterized in that its in adjustment the introducing in the fibre fractionation at least a phase-change material.
Fibre fractionation can form by being of value to the component that realizes various uses described herein in the adjustment of the present invention.In its most basic form, fibre fractionation comprises at least a polyolefin and at least a phase-change material in this adjustment.According to other embodiments of the present invention, fibre fractionation can comprise one or more other components in this adjustment, and these other components are described below.
Phase-change material can comprise usually and can absorb or discharge heat energy under the temperature stabilization scope or in this scope influencing the compound of hot-fluid, or the mixture of compound.This temperature stabilization scope can comprise the scope of specific transition temperature or transition temperature.Preferably, according to the present invention useful phase-change material will suppress heat energy stream simultaneously this phase-change material absorb or discharge heat, this is usually corresponding to the physical state transformations of this phase-change material (for example, liquid and solid-state, liquid state and gaseous state, solid-state and gaseous state or two kinds are solid-state).It is normally temporary transient that this kind heat energy stream suppresses, and exists latent heat up to this phase-change material to be absorbed during heating or cooling procedure or discharge.This phase-change material can store or discharge heat energy, and this phase-change material can resupply effectively via heat or low-temperature receiver usually.
The various phase-change materials that influence heat energy stream in all temps scope are available.Therefore, the special-purpose that can the following is simply under different specific range of temperatures customizes multicomponent fibre of the present invention: the suitable phase-change material to fibre fractionation in the adjustment that is used to prepare multicomponent fibre of the present invention described herein is selected.
The phase-change material that is particularly useful according to the present invention comprises several organic and inorganic compounds.The limiting examples that can be used for the phase-change material of fibre fractionation in the preparation temperature adjusting comprises following: hydrocarbon (comprising linear paraffin or paraffin hydrocarbon, branched paraffin, unsaturated hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and alicyclic); Hydrated salt (comprising calcium chloride hexahydrate, calcium bromide hexahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, lithium nitrate trihydrate, potassium fluoride tetrahydrate, ammonium alum, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, sodium carbonate decahydrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, sodium sulphate decahydrate and sodium acetate trihydrate); Wax; Oil; Water; Aliphatic acid; Fatty acid ester; Binary acid; Dibasic ester; 1-halide; Primary alconol; Aromatic compounds; Clathrate compound; Half clathrate compound; The gas clathrate compound; Acid anhydrides (for example stearic anhydride); Ethylene carbonate; Polyalcohol (comprises 2,2-dimethyl-1, ammediol, 2-methylol 2-methyl isophthalic acid, ammediol, ethylene glycol, pentaerythrite, dipentaerythritol, five glycerine, tetra methylol ethane, neopentyl glycol, tetra methylol propane, 2-amino-2-methyl-1, ammediol, an amino pentaerythrite, diaminourea pentaerythrite and three (methylol) acetate); Polymer (comprises polyethylene, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol oxide, polypropylene, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, the polytrimethylene malonate, poly-neopentyl glycol sebacate, poly-pentane glutarate, poly-myristic acid vinyl acetate, polyvinyl stearate, the polyoxyethylene lauryl vinyl acetate, the polymethylacrylic acid cetyl ester, the polymethylacrylic acid stearyl, by the polyester of glycol (or their derivative)) with the polycondensation generation of diacid (or their derivative), and copolymer, for example have the alkyl hydrocarbon side chain or have polyacrylate or poly-(methyl) acrylate of polyethylene glycol side chain and comprise polyethylene, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol oxide, polypropylene, the copolymer of polypropylene glycol or polytetramethylene glycol); Metal; With their mixture.
The specific phase-change material that is used for fibre fractionation in the adjustment of the present invention can be selected based on the required transition temperature of this phase-change material, and this transition temperature can depend on the required application of multicomponent fibre of the present invention.For example, the phase-change material that has near the transition temperature of room temperature may be desirable for the application that the multicomponent fibre comprising this phase-change material is used for clothes, and this garment designed is used for by adjustment is increased the comfort of wearer near room temperature.
In one embodiment of the invention, fibre fractionation comprises the phase-change materials with about-20 ℃ of extremely about 100 ℃ transition temperatures in the adjustment.According to other embodiment, phase-change material can have about 0 ℃ to about 75 ℃, about 10 ℃ to about 50 ℃, or about 15 ℃ to about 40 ℃ transition temperature.In a specific embodiment, phase-change material has the transition temperature of the room temperature of corresponding essentially to (for example, about 20 ℃ to about 25 ℃).In another embodiment, phase-change material has and corresponds essentially to the transition temperature of about room temperature to the temperature of about human body mean temperature (for example, about 20 ℃ to about 40 ℃).In another specific embodiment, phase-change material has the transition temperature of the human body of corresponding essentially to mean temperature (for example, about 35 ℃ to about 40 ℃).
In one embodiment of the invention, phase-change material comprises one or more aliphatic hydrocarbons.Usually, aliphatic hydrocarbon is considered to contain three secondary group compound: alkane (alkane), alkene (olefin(e)) and alkynes (alkyne series).The aliphatic hydrocarbon that uses among the present invention can be straight chain or branching, and this phase-change material can comprise single aliphatic hydrocarbon (for example single alkane) or can comprise the mixture (for example alkane of two or more different chain length) of aliphatic hydrocarbon.Further, phase-change material can comprise the mixture that is sorted in the aliphatic hydrocarbon in different secondary group.For example, many alkanes are that olefin hydrogenation by will having same chain is so that this compound saturated preparation fully.This kind reaction is normally incomplete, and may contain the unsaturated olefin parent material by the gained alkane of this hydrogenation preparation.Certainly, the mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbon is not limited to this type of " involuntary " mixture.On the contrary, the phase-change material that comprises alkane, alkene, alkynes and their various mixtures is contained in the present invention far and away.In addition, can be used for alkene of the present invention and alkynes and can have one or more two or triple bonds (that is the unsaturated level that, can have variation) respectively along the length of hydrocarbon chain.
In a preferred embodiment, be used for that the phase-change material of fibre fractionation comprises at least a alkane in the adjustment.As in this area, understand like that, the melt temperature of alkane roughly with this compound in atom number interrelated, this melt temperature increases with carbon atom number.The melt temperature of alkane commonly used is known, and they illustrate in table 1, and this table 1 has been listed the alkane that contains 13-28 carbon atom and the known melt temperature of every kind of compound is provided.From this table as can be seen, using single, pure alkane is favourable as phase-change material, because it provides the phase-change material with obvious, that the division is clearly demarcated transition temperature.Alkane may be particularly useful, because the bond of the alkane of different chain length (therefore, different melt temperatures) can be combined into particular mixtures with the difference that reaches phase-change material, the melt temperature of customization.This kind customization also can realize via the mixture of alkane and other aliphatic hydrocarbon.
Table 1
Alkane Carbon atom Fusing point (℃)
Tridecane 13 -5.5
The tetradecane 14 5.9
Pentadecane 15 10.0
Hexadecane 16 18.2
Heptadecane 17 22.0
Octadecane 18 28.2
Nonadecane 19 32.1
Eicosane 20 36.8
Heneicosane 21 40.5
Docosane 22 44.4
Tricosane 23 47.6
Lignocerane 24 50.9
Pentacosane 25 53.7
Hexacosane 26 56.4
Heptacosane 27 59.0
Octacosane 28 61.4
Though illustrate C above 13-C 28Alkane, but phase-change material of the present invention is not limited thereto.On the contrary, as pointed before this, phase-change material can comprise the aliphatic hydrocarbon of one or more different chain length.For example, in one embodiment, this phase-change material comprises at least a aliphatic hydrocarbon that contains about 8 carbon atoms-about 50 carbon atoms.In another embodiment, this phase-change material comprises at least a aliphatic hydrocarbon that contains about 10 carbon atoms-about 40 carbon atoms.In another embodiment, this phase-change material comprises at least a aliphatic hydrocarbon that contains about 12 carbon atoms-about 30 carbon atoms.
The aliphatic hydrocarbon that can be used for phase-change material of the present invention can be unsubstitutedly maybe can comprise one or more substituting groups.For example, aliphatic hydrocarbon can comprise one or more halogen atoms.Chlorinated paraffin and fluorinated paraffins especially can be used for phase-change material of the present invention.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, fibre fractionation comprises phase-change material in the adjustment, and the latter comprises at least a compound that is selected from pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, nonadecane and eicosane.In a preferred embodiment, phase-change material comprises octadecane.
Another consideration that is used for aliphatic hydrocarbon of the present invention in selection is the fusing point of specific compound and the difference between the freezing point.For example, alkane is fusion with having also therefore being harmonious of nuclearity of one's own and solidifies.Therefore, when heating with 2 ℃/min. or lower speed or cooling off, this fusion and setting temperature are harmonious basically.
As top with respect to aliphatic hydrocarbon pointed, be used for the mixture that phase-change material of the present invention can comprise two or more materials.Two or more compounds, illustrational those bond can be used for providing the phase-change material with temperature stabilization scope above for example, and this stability range can be regulated in the required wide region of the application-specific of multicomponent fibre of the present invention.For example, the mixture of two or more different phase transition compound can show transition temperature or the single improved transition temperature that two or more are different.
Though aliphatic hydrocarbon, especially alkane is preferably used as phase-change material, and the present invention is not limited only to these compounds.In certain embodiments, cyclic hydrocarbon also can be useful according to the present invention.For example, phase-change material can comprise alicyclic compound (comprising cycloalkane, cycloolefin and cycloalkyne), and aromatic compounds.
Can be according to the present invention can with other phase-change material comprise the polymer phase-change material, especially transition temperature is about 20 ℃-about 40 ℃ polymer phase-change material, they especially can be used for clothes and use.The polymer phase-change material can comprise the polymer (or mixture of polymers) with various chain structures, and described chain structure comprises the monomeric unit of one or more types.Specifically, the polymer phase-change material can comprise linear polymer, branched polymer (for example, star shape branch copolymer, pectination branched polymer or dendroid branched polymer) or their mixture.The polymer phase-change material can comprise homopolymers, copolymer, terpolymer, statistical copolymer, random copolymer, alternate copolymer, block copolymer, block copolymer, radially copolymer or graft copolymer or their mixture.Can for example amine, acid amides, carboxyl, hydroxyl, ester, ether ring oxide, acid anhydrides, isocyanates, silane, siloxanes, fluorine, ketone or aldehyde change these polymer by adding functional group.In addition, comprising the polymer of polymer phase-change material can be crosslinked, entanglement or hydrogen bonding to be to increase its toughness or its heat-resisting, wet or chemical moral character.
As pointed before this, perplexed the known before this material that comprises phase-change material such as the problem of oozing out, and made special effort for overcoming these problems, for example this phase-change material is contained in the microcapsule.Yet multicomponent fibre of the present invention is especially favourable, because the measure (for example formation of microcapsule and introducing) of difficulty is unnecessary.In fact, as further described below, the present invention especially multicomponent fibre of embodiment is characterised in that phase-change material does not separate with other fibre fractionation via microencapsulation especially.
In one embodiment of the invention, fibre fractionation comprises at the most approximately 70wt% phase-change material (for example above-mentioned) in the adjustment of the present invention, based on the gross weight of fibre fractionation in this.According to other embodiments of the present invention, interior fibre fractionation comprises at the most approximately 60wt% phase-change material, about at the most 50wt% phase-change material, about at the most 40wt% phase-change material, about at the most 35wt% phase-change material, or about at the most 30wt% phase-change material.In a preferred embodiment, fibre fractionation comprises the about 50wt% phase-change material of about 5wt%-, 10wt%-50wt% preferably approximately, the more preferably about about 50wt% of 20wt%-in described.In another embodiment, described interior fibre fractionation comprises the about 45wt% phase-change material of about 25wt%-.
Adjustment fibre fractionation of the present invention also comprises polyolefin.Various polyolefin can be used according to the invention, and their use only is confined to this polyolefin and this phase-change material should be compatible (that is, can be prepared as the molten mixture of these two kinds of components).
Polyolefin used according to the invention can be basically pure maybe can be two or more different polyolefinic mixtures.Preferably, be used in the polyolefin of fibre fractionation be selected from the polyolefin of melt flow index in certain scope.
Melt flow index (MFI) is commonly defined as: when being applied to fixation pressure on the melt via the load of piston and gross mass 2.16kg under 190 ℃ temperature, in 10 minutes via diameter 2.0955+/-0.0051mm and length 8.000+/-output quantity (flow) of the standard die orifice of 0.025mm, unit is gram.Though this is the type testing of quoting with respect to MFI, it should be understood that under higher temperature, use different weight and use different some polymer of hole measurement.The employed MFI of this paper is interpreted as the physical property that is meant according to above-mentioned parameter tolerance.
MFI is the evaluation of mean molecule quantity and is inversely proportional to melt viscosity.In other words, MFI is high more, and polymer flow rate is big more under experimental condition.The MFI of known polymer is by expection and to control its processing indispensable.Usually, the polymer of higher MFI is used for injection-molded, and the polymer of low MFI adopts blowing or extrusion method to use.Among various polymer, MFI may be influenced by the heat transmission in existence, chain branching degree, degree of crystallinity and the Polymer Processing of molecular weight distribution, comonomer.
In one embodiment, the polyolefin that is used for fibre fractionation in the adjustment of the present invention is selected from the polyolefin of the about 3-of melt flow index about 1200 or its mixture.Preferably, it is about 500 that polyolefin has about 5-, and more preferably approximately 7-is about 200, and still more preferably approximately 10-is about 100, most preferably the about melt flow index of 12-about 50.
The polyolefinic limiting examples that can be used for fibre fractionation in the adjustment comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polybutene, poly-octene, polymethylpentene etc.In a specific embodiment, fibre fractionation comprises polypropylene in the adjustment.
Fibre fractionation comprises at least approximately 25wt% polyolefin usually in this adjustment.Preferably, interior fibre fractionation comprises at least approximately 30wt% polyolefin, more preferably about at least 35wt%, still more preferably about at least 40wt%, most preferably about at least 45wt% polyolefin.In specific embodiment, interior fibre fractionation comprises the about 60wt% polyolefin of about 20wt%-, the approximately about 55wt% of 25wt%-, or about about 50wt% of 30wt%-.
Fibre fractionation can also comprise one or more other components usually in the adjustment of multicomponent fibre of the present invention except polyolefin and phase-change material.Especially, in one embodiment, interior fibre fractionation also comprises little porous material.
Little porous material can be used as the stable component than the low melting point phase-change material usually.Specifically, though do not wish to be bound by theory, should believe little porous material with phase-change material wrapping in stabilizing gel, therefore, in one embodiment, it is relevant with the amount of phase-change material to be included in the amount of the little porous material in the fibre fractionation in the adjustment.
Can by those skilled in the art approval for general granular and have any material of little loose structure can be as the little porous material in the fibre fractionation in the adjustment of the present invention.What be particularly useful according to the present invention is silica containing material.The limiting examples that can be used for silica containing little porous material of fibre fractionation in the adjustment comprises fumed silica, aluminosilicate (for example, clay, zeolite and float stone), talcum (magnesium silicate hydroxide) and the little porous silica of crystallization.Do not comprise other little porous material of silica, for example carbonate also can be used for the present invention.
Though any silica containing material expection is normally useful according to the present invention, in one embodiment, uses hydrophobic silica.Especially preferred is the hydrophobicity fumed silica.For example, can use can be from the CAB-O-SIL of Cabot Corporation acquisition
Figure A20068003883600161
TS-530.Also can use hydrophily silica according to the present invention.For example, can use the ORISIL 200 that can obtain from Orisil and have 200m 2The surface area of/g.Other silica with similar performance also may especially can be used for the present invention.In addition, also can use the bond of silica, for example the bond of hydrophily silica and hydrophobic silica.Further, different silica can be used for the different piece of the inventive method.
In one embodiment, based on the gross weight of fibre fractionation in this adjustment, fibre fractionation comprises the silica containing material of the about 15wt% of about 1wt%-in this.According to other embodiment, interior fibre fractionation comprises fibre fractionation in the about 12wt% of about 2wt%-, the approximately about 10wt% of 3wt%-, or fibre fractionation in about about 8wt% of 4wt%-.Though specifically provide above-mentioned concentration with respect to containing silica component, also can have similar concentration with respect to other the little porous material that uses among the present invention.
According to another embodiment of the invention, fibre fractionation can further comprise one or more medium fusing point polymer in the adjustment of the present invention.This paper employed " medium fusing point polymer " is meant polymeric material, between the melt temperature of the phase-change material that its melt temperature is used in the fibre fractionation in adjustment of the present invention and the polyolefinic melt temperature.Preferably, olefinic material is as this medium fusing point polymer.In a specific embodiment, this olefinic material comprises ethylene copolymer.Equally, though do not wish to be bound by theory, should believe that this type of medium fusing point polymer serves as the increase-volume bridge between lower molecular weight phase-change material and higher molecular weight, the higher melt polyolefin.
In a specific embodiment, fibre fractionation comprises olefinic material, optimal ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer in the adjustment.Be used for EVA copolymer of the present invention and can comprise the about 20wt% vinyl acetate of about 10wt%-, more preferably about about 17wt% vinyl acetate of 15wt%-.In addition, the limiting examples that can be used for olefinic thing of the present invention comprises ethylene/methyl acrylate (EMA) and ethylene/ethyl acrylate (EEA).
In one embodiment, based on the gross weight of fibre fractionation in this adjustment, fibre fractionation comprises the about 20wt% olefinic material of about 4wt%-in this.In other embodiment, this olefinic material accounts for the about 18wt% of about 6wt%-of fibre fractionation in this, accounts for the about 16wt% of about 8wt%-of fibre fractionation in this, or about about 14wt% of 10wt%-.Though specifically provide above-mentioned concentration with respect to olefinic material, also can have similar concentration with respect to other the medium fusing point polymer that uses among the present invention.
As pointed before this, in one aspect in, the present invention includes multicomponent fibre, described multicomponent fibre comprises fibre fractionation at least a adjustment and seals the outer fiber component of fibre fractionation in this adjustment.Pay special attention to the formation of this multicomponent fibre, because should interior fibre fractionation (it comprises phase-change material) be sealed by the outer fiber component.This formation is especially favourable, because it reduces, preferably gets rid of the problem that interrelates with the known fiber that comprises phase-change material far away, and promptly this phase-change material oozes out.Yet this is out of question in the present invention, especially owing to comprise the adjustment fibre fractionation of phase-change material and have the result who seals the outer fiber component of fibre fractionation in this adjustment that contains phase-change material.In addition, as pointed before this, do not sealed by the component layers of separating especially with this outer fiber component according to the phase-change material of certain embodiments of the invention.In other words, needn't use the little of phase-change material to seal.
The various forms of multicomponent fibre of the present invention expect that wherein fibre fractionation is sealed by the outer fiber component in the adjustment, and has described some embodiment preferred below with reference to each accompanying drawing.Certainly, the technical staff who has read present disclosure can envision according to other form of the present invention, and these other forms are that this paper is contained fully.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, multicomponent fibre is sheath/core fibre form.Fig. 1 have by demonstration the core of being sealed by sheath 15 10 sheath/core fibre 5 the cross section and show such embodiment generally.Preferably, core 10 basically perforating fiber 5 length and comprise according to fibre fractionation in the adjustment of the present invention.
The a plurality of different embodiment of sheath/core fibre is contained in the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, core 10 is arranged in one heart in the sheath 15 and by this sheath 15 and seals, and this core 10 accounts for about 75wt% of this fiber 5.Certainly, this core can account for the bigger or less amount of total fiber weight.In addition, be located substantially on the center, do not require like this though this core is illustrated in this sheath.
According to the present invention, sheath/core fibre also can present various cross section geometries.For example, sheath/core fibre can have circle, ellipse, triangle, rectangle, octagon, pentagon, trapezoidal etc. cross section.In addition, in cross section, this sheath can have a kind of geometry, but this core also has different geometries.In other embodiments, sheath/core fibre also can be leafy.
The limiting examples of various sheaths/core fibre embodiment that the present invention is contained is provided among Fig. 2 to Fig. 6.Fig. 2 shows sheath/core fibre 5, and wherein this core 10 is concentric with the sheath 15 of sealing this core 10, but wherein compares the littler percentage that this core 10 accounts for total fiber with the fiber that Fig. 1 shows.Fig. 3 shows sheath/core fibre 5, and wherein this core 10 is eccentric in this sheath 15.Fig. 4 shows sheath/core fibre 5, and wherein this core 10 has the triangle geometry structure, and this sheath 15 of sealing this core 10 has circle geometry.Fig. 5 shows sheath/core fibre 5, and wherein this core 10 has rectangular geometries, and this sheath 15 of sealing this core 10 has circle geometry.Fig. 6 shows sheath/core fibre 5, and wherein this core 10 all has rectangular geometries with the sheath 15 of sealing this core 10.
In another specific embodiment of the present invention, multicomponent fibre is Hai Bao island fibers form.According to such embodiment, many island members are arranged in the length of this fiber basically and run through this length, and wherein each among the member of island is separated from one another.These island member comprises according to fibre fractionation in the adjustment of the present invention and is sealed by outer fiber component according to the present invention separately.These island member (being formed by adjustment fibre fractionation of the present invention) comprises phase-change material described herein.
Fig. 7 shows the multicomponent fibre of the present invention according to Hai Bao island embodiment.This viewgraph of cross-section shows many island (10,11,12,13 and 14) of being sealed by outer fiber component 15.Described island can maybe can comprise core fibre in the different adjustment by the interior core fibre of each self-contained identical adjustment.
Irrelevant with the various embodiments (that is, sheath/core, Hai Bao island etc.) that multicomponent fibre can present, this multicomponent fibre still comprises fibre fractionation in the adjustment of being sealed by the outer fiber component.Preferably, form this multicomponent fibre and satisfy the ratio (based on the gross weight percentage of this multicomponent fibre) of interior fibre fractionation and outer fiber component greater than about 50: 50.In one embodiment, the ratio of interior fibre fractionation and outer fiber component was greater than about 55: 45.In other embodiments, the ratio of interior fibre fractionation and outer fiber component is greater than about 60: 40, greater than about 65: 35 or greater than about 70: 30.
The main assembly of multicomponent fibre can depend on that the application of this fiber changes.For example, pay attention to therein especially in the application of the performance (for example TENSILE STRENGTH or crooking ability) that shows by the outer fiber component, this this multicomponent fibre gross weight of outer fiber ingredients constitute may be favourable up to about 50wt%.Yet as mentioned above, the particular benefits of multicomponent fibre of the present invention is produced by the hot property that is derived from fibre fractionation in this adjustment.Therefore, make the weight content maximization of fibre fractionation in this adjustment normally favourable.
Fibre fractionation, especially embodiment in the adjustment account for the about 95wt% of about 50wt%-of this multicomponent fibre.In other embodiments, fibre fractionation accounts for the about 95wt% of about 55wt%-of this multicomponent fibre in this adjustment, approximately the about 90wt% of 55wt%-, the approximately about 90wt% of 60wt%-and about about 85wt% of 65wt%-.
As those skilled in the art will approve, the hot property of multicomponent fibre of the present invention can depend on that the total concentration that is incorporated into the phase-change material in this multicomponent fibre changes.The present invention especially can comprise that with it phase-change material than previously known bigger total concentration is a feature.For example, in comprising the known fiber of phase-change material, based on the gross weight of this fiber, the concentration of the phase-change material in the fiber is usually less than about 10wt%.According to the present invention, might prepare the multicomponent fibre that only comprises a small amount of phase-change material (for example, the about 15wt% of 0.1wt%-is based on the gross weight of this multicomponent fibre).Yet the present invention is particularly useful, because it can realize preparing the multicomponent fibre of the phase-change material that comprises significantly big concentration.
In one embodiment of the invention, multicomponent fibre comprises phase-change material by the concentration of about at least 15wt%, based on the gross weight of this multicomponent fibre.Preferably, this phase-change material accounts at least approximately 20wt% of this total multicomponent fibre.In other embodiments, this phase-change material accounts at least approximately 25wt% of the total multicomponent fibre of the present invention, at least approximately 30wt% or at least approximately 35wt%.In a specific embodiment, multicomponent fibre of the present invention comprises the about 55wt% phase-change material of about 10wt%-, based on the gross weight of this multicomponent fibre.According to other embodiment, this phase-change material accounts for the about 50wt% of about 15wt%-of this multicomponent fibre, the about 50wt% of 20wt%-and about about 40wt% of 20wt%-.
The outer fiber component of using in the multicomponent fibre of the present invention can comprise any polymeric material (or its mixture) that can form elongated fibers.The polymeric material that is used to form the outer fiber component can depend on that the method that this multicomponent fibre of preparation uses changes.For example, when using melt spinning method to form multicomponent fibre, but polymeric material melt processing thermoplastic polymer advantageously, or mixture of polymers.According to other embodiments of the present invention, polymeric material can comprise elastomeric polymer or mixture of polymers.The polymeric material that is used to form according to outer fiber component of the present invention can depend on that also the required final use of multicomponent fibre changes, and therefore multicomponent fibre of the present invention can be customized to be fit to various final uses.
The polymeric material that is used to prepare outer fiber component of the present invention can comprise the polymer (or mixture of polymers) with various chain structures, and described chain structure comprises the monomeric unit of one or more types.Specifically, polymeric material can comprise linear polymer, branched polymer (for example star shape branch copolymer, pectination branched polymer or dendroid branched polymer) or their mixture.Polymeric material can also comprise homopolymers, copolymer, terpolymer, statistical copolymer, random copolymer, alternate copolymer, block copolymer, block copolymer, radially copolymer or graft copolymer or their mixture.
In certain embodiments, can be used as according to the polymeric material of outer fiber component of the present invention and can determine based on the extrusion temperature of polymeric material.In a specific embodiment, the outer fiber component comprises and has about 80 ℃-polymeric material of about 340 ℃ extrusion temperature.In other embodiment, this outer fiber component comprises and has about 120 ℃-about 320 ℃, and about 140 ℃-about 300 ℃, the polymeric material of or about 160 ℃-about 290 ℃ extrusion temperature.
As limiting examples, each base polymer that can be used to form according to outer fiber component of the present invention can comprise following: polyamide, polyamine, polyimides, polyacrylic, Merlon, polydiene, polyepoxide, polyester, polyethers, poly-fluorohydrocarbon, poly-fluorohydrocarbon, polyolefin, polyhenylene, silicon-containing polymer, polyurethane, polyvinyl compound, polyacetals, polyarylate and their copolymer and ter-polymers and their mixture.The limiting examples that can be used as according to the particular polymers material of outer fiber component of the present invention comprises following: nylon 6, nylon 6/6, nylon 12, poly-aspartate, polyglutamic acid, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, methacrylic acid and acrylic acid ester, the poly bisphenol carbonic acid ester, the polytrimethylene carbonic acid ester, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, polynorbornene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), the polytrimethylene terephthalate, polycaprolactone, poly-glycolide, polyactide, poly butyric ester, poly-hydroxyl valerate, poly-ethylidene adipate ester, the polybutylene adipate ester, the polytrimethylene succinate, polyethylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, polypropylene oxide, polyformaldehyde, polytetramethylene ether, PolyTHF, Polyglycol 166-450, urea aldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde (PF), polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polybutene, poly-octene, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether sulfone, Poly-s 179, dimethyl silicone polymer, poly-carboxymethyl silane, polyvinyl butyral resin, polyvinyl alcohol, the ester of polyvinyl alcohol and ether, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene, polymethylstyrene, polyvinyl chloride, PVP, polymethyl vinyl ether, poly-ethyl vinyl ether, the polyethylene methyl ketone, polyethylene-copolymerization-vinyl acetate, polyethylene-copolymerization-acrylic acid, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)-copolymerization-polyethylene terephthalate, and polylauryllactam-block-PolyTHF.In a specific embodiment, this outer fiber component is selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyamide, PLA and their mixture.
The particular polymers (or mixture of polymers) that is used for the outer fiber component of multicomponent fibre of the present invention can depend on that the required chemistry and the physical property of wishing for this multicomponent fibre change.For example, in certain embodiments, it may be desirable selecting the polymer of specific stretching or bending property is provided.In other embodiment, it may be desirable selecting the polymer of chemically-resistant degradability is provided.In other embodiments, the polymer that is chosen in exhibit stabilization under the higher temperature may be desirable.Other factor for example stainability also may influence the selection of the polymer that is used for the outer fiber component.Therefore, the present invention is particularly useful, because can take above-mentioned all considerations into account, and particular polymers (or mixture of polymers) can be used for the outer fiber component to satisfy the needs of a big series.
In a specific embodiment, the invention provides the multicomponent fibre that is sheath/core fibre form.According to this embodiment, this sheath can account for the about 40wt% of about 15wt%-, based on the gross weight of this fiber.This sheath can especially comprise the polymer that is selected from polyethylene terephthalate, PLA, polypropylene, nylon, polyphenylene sulfide and PEI.Core in such embodiment comprises fibre fractionation in the adjustment, and especially comprises one or more phase-change materials described herein.
The present invention relates to comprise phase-change material and can be used for being incorporated into the manufacture method of the adjustment fibre fractionation in the multicomponent fibre according to another aspect.Though made other adjustment fiber before this, limited aspect the ability that these known before this fibers use based on mass production at them, reason be these before this known temperature regulate materials and be difficult to be extruded into fiber.
Known temperature is regulated material and is closed the method preparation with single batch mixing before this, and wherein with all components combination of adjustment material, fusion mixes and cooling.As mentioned above, the material of gained is considered to be difficult to extrude and is used for mass production.Yet,, solve these problems according to the present invention.The invention provides the preparation method of adjustment fibre fractionation, this method comprises two steps and is provided at the adjustment fibre fractionation extruded easily in the method for large scale production to prepare fiber with it.
In the embodiment according to this aspect of the invention, this two step method comprises: preparation highly is loaded with the graininess precursor material of phase-change material, then this graininess precursor is mixed with polyolefin to make final adjustment fibre fractionation.This allows preparation to have the adjustment fibre fractionation of improving performance.Use term " highly to load " purpose and be meant that this precursor material comprises phase-change material with the amount greater than about 50wt%, based on the gross weight of this precursor material.Preferably, precursor material comprises greater than about 55wt% phase-change material, more preferably greater than about 60wt%, most preferably greater than about 65wt% phase-change material.
In one embodiment, adjustment fibre fractionation prepared according to the methods of the invention comprises phase-change material, polyolefin, contains silica component and olefinic material.Therefore, regulate in first step of method of component at preparation temperature, be prepared as follows this precursor material: mix to the phase-change material of major general's fusion form and polyolefin, the mixture of gained is cooled to fixed mixture, and processes this fixed mixture to be graininess.As pointed before this, this precursor material be highly be loaded with phase-change material and can be used for second procedure of processing then to prepare final adjustment fibre fractionation.
Describedly contain one of silica component and olefinic material or both can add in the adjustment fibre fractionation during first or second step of the inventive method.In one embodiment, will contain silica component and olefinic material simultaneously adds in above-mentioned first step.In another embodiment, will contain one of silica component and olefinic material or both adds first step and also additional amount described is contained one of silica component and olefinic material or both add second step.
Regulate in second step of method of fibre fractionation at preparation temperature, the graininess precursor material is mixed with the polyolefin that also is Granular forms of additional amount.Therefore, final adjustment fibre fractionation comprises any material that uses in the material that uses in the first step and second step.For example, the polyolefin that uses in second step can be with first step in the identical polyolefin that uses maybe can be different polyolefin.In addition, can add additional component as required in second step is used to final temperature adjusting fibre fractionation to give useful performance.For example, in one embodiment, as pointed before this, also can in second procedure of processing, add the silica component that contains of additional amount.As described polyolefinic situation, the silica component that contains that is used for second step can be that the identical silica component of using in first procedure of processing that contains maybe can be the different silica component that contains.
Irrelevant with other component of using in second step, final temperature is regulated fibre fractionation will comprise phase-change material with the concentration lower than the concentration of the phase-change material in this precursor material.In a preferred embodiment, based on the gross weight of this adjustment fibre fractionation, final temperature is regulated fibre fractionation and is comprised at least approximately 25wt% polyolefin and about at the most 50wt% phase-change material.
Second step in the said method comprises that also this adjustment fibre fractionation of processing is to be the form of preparation according to the expressing technique of multicomponent fibre of the present invention that be directly used in.In one embodiment, this kind further processing comprise this adjustment fibre fractionation extruded and granulation.Certainly, other can also be contained by the present invention by the similar procedure of processing that those skilled in the art expect.
As disclosed herein, adjustment fibre fractionation of the present invention especially can be used as the internal composition of multicomponent fibre.Therefore, in another aspect of this invention, provide the preparation method of multicomponent fibre.
Can use any fiber formation technology preparation as known in the art according to multicomponent fibre of the present invention.A kind of illustrative preparation method of fiber of the present invention illustrates in Fig. 8, and Fig. 8 shows the melt spinning production line 20 of preparation bicomponent fiber, and this figure comprises a pair of extruder 22 and 24.Self-evidently to the technical staff be, can add additional extruder with the number that increases component (for example, wherein in sheath/core embodiment in many adjustment fibre fractionation sealed by the outer fiber component). Extruder 22 and 24 extrusion temperature is individually regulated interior fibre fractionation and outer fiber component.From loading hopper 26 fibre fractionation in the adjustment is infeeded extruder 22 and from loading hopper 28 independently the outer fiber component infeeded extruder 24.By the Melt Pump (not shown) fibre fractionation in the adjustment and outer fiber component are supplied with spinning head 34 via corresponding conduit 30 and 32 from extruder 22 and 24.
Preferably with fibre fractionation in the adjustment and outer fiber components do match to allow under essentially identical temperature, the component spinning can not made a kind of degraded in the component via capillary commonly used.Yet the present invention should not be regarded as and is limited to the interior fibre fractionation with substantially similar extrusion temperature and the combination of outer fiber component.On the contrary, interior fibre fractionation can have lower extrusion temperature, and the outer fiber component can have higher extrusion temperature.The restriction of temperature contrast only is that the extrusion temperature of outer fiber component should enough hang down so that not cause the thermal degradation of interior fibre fractionation.
In an advantageous embodiment, use polypropylene or polyethylene as the outer fiber component.In another useful embodiment, use polyamide as the outer fiber component.In another embodiment, use polyurethane as the outer fiber component.Can under about 160 ℃-about 220 ℃ temperature, extrude some thermoplastic polyurethanes.Nylon (polyamide that is particularly useful according to the present invention) is usually extruded under about 250 ℃-about 280 ℃ temperature.Usually polyethylene extrusion and polypropylene under about 200 ℃-about 230 ℃ temperature.
Expressing technique and the device (comprising spinning head) of making the multicomponent continuous filament fibers are known and needn't describe in detail at this.Usually, spinning head comprises the shell that contains filament spinning component, and this filament spinning component comprises a plurality of platforms that are stacked on the top of each other, and described platform has the pattern of the opening of arranging the generation stream, and described stream is used for becoming fine component to guide to this spinning head individually.This spinning head has by the opening of a row or multi-row layout or hole.Polymer combination in the spinning head hole.Extrudate has required overall fibre cross section (for example, circle, trilobal etc.) to this spinning head through setting consequently.The spinning head opening forms the curtain of the downward extension of long filament.This kind technology and equipment for example are described in the U.S. Patent number 5,162,074 of Hills, and the document is hereby incorporated by.
After extruding via die orifice, the thin fluid tow of gained or long filament keep fusion one segment distance they are fixed by the cooling in the fluid media (medium) around then, and this fluid media (medium) can be to pass the cooling air that this tow (not shown) blows.In case fixed, just on godet roller or other rolling-in surface, batch this long filament.For example, in continuous filament yarn technology as shown in Figure 8, on godet roller, batch tow, this godet roller 36 and proportional this thin liquid stream of leaving behind of the speed of this rolling-in godet roller.
According to above-mentioned general remark, according to a particular, the invention provides the preparation method of multicomponent fibre, comprising: fibre fractionation at least a adjustment is provided; The outer fiber component is provided; This fibre fractionation is introduced the fiber extrusion equipment that comprises spinning head; With extrude this fibre fractionation so that form multicomponent fibre, wherein this outer fiber component is sealed fibre fractionation in this adjustment.Said method is especially favourable, because fibre fractionation is sealed by described outer fiber component in the described adjustment.This is known preparation method's the remarkable advantage that is better than comprising the fiber of phase-change material, and described known method allows at least a portion phase-change material to be discharged into the surface of extruding fiber usually.
As mentioned above, exist phase-change material to cause the sensation that fiber is agreeable, not greasy, possess the adjacent fabric of stain and other surperficial possibility and may cause at least a portion of phase-change material to be lost on the surface of fiber.Yet except that like this, in fact this expressing technique may become dangerous by allowing phase-change material to be exposed under the environmental condition.As described herein, under the temperature of room temperature, carrying out expressing technique usually.Because many phase-change materials for example aliphatic hydrocarbon may have lower flash-point, if so the phase-change material under extrusion temperature is exposed under the oxygen (as mentioned above immediately, leave extruding fiber and may being exposed under the environmental condition immediately of spinning head), then fire may take place.Yet,, got rid of this harm according to the present invention.
In this especially preferred embodiment on the one hand according to the present invention, fibre fractionation is introduced this spinning head with the outer fiber component before introducing spinning head in adjustment.Therefore, leave this spinning head and the free end of extruding fiber that be exposed under the environmental condition comprises the outer fiber component, and prevented fibre fractionation (being sealed) contact environment atmosphere in the adjustment by the outer fiber component.
According to the present invention, it is further especially favourable using the outer fiber component, because the fiber of being made fully by the phase-change material of blend shows some known restrictions.Yet multicomponent fibre prepared in accordance with the present invention (wherein fibre fractionation is sealed by the outer fiber component in the adjustment) shows improved performance, for example improved stainability.
Continuous filament fibers prepared in accordance with the present invention can further be processed into staple fibre.In the processing staple fibre, the tow that extruding after, many (for example 10,000-1,000,000 bundle) continuous filament yarn is flocked together and further processes to be formed for, such as known in the art.
Aspect the preparation of staple fibre, it is further favourable that the present invention compares with other known method.Equally, as mentioned above, the phase-change material that is used for multicomponent fibre is disadvantageous in the exposure of the surface of this fiber, because known generation stain, material unaccounted-for (MUF) and other undesirable effect.Continuous filament fibers prepared in accordance with the present invention is processed into the cutting that staple fibre comprises fiber, and therefore the arbitrary end at staple fibre provides cross section, and wherein fibre fractionation can be exposed under the environment in this adjustment.Yet, the invention provides the solution of this problem.According to one embodiment of the invention, when multicomponent fibre formation is had free-ended staple fibre, this staple fibre is further processed to seal their free end.
For example, the cutter that is used to prepare staple fibre can comprise the heater of the end fusion that makes them when cutting fiber.This end at this staple fibre makes the distortion of outer fiber component, allows this outer fiber member " to flow " round cut end, thereby seals this cut end.In another embodiment, after in staple fibre being incorporated into the fabric that can experience further processing or the net width of cloth with the free end sealing of this staple fibre.For example, staple fibre can be formed the fabric or the net width of cloth, and this fabric or the net width of cloth can be dipped in the bath that comprises filmogen then, this filmogen applies this staple fibre (free end that comprises this fiber), thus after the curing of this filmogen the free end of this staple fibre of sealing (for example by dry, as to cool off, solidify, condense etc.).For the transitional period between cutting and sealing reduces phase-change material from the free-ended loss of staple fibre, can be advantageously carry out under temperature that fabric forms or the net width of cloth forms step less than the transition temperature of this phase-change material.
Multicomponent fibre can also melt-spun be the nonwoven web of direct lay continuously, rather than batches on godet roller.In spunbond technology, for example, in the attenuation of air device, collect this tow after extruding and guide to the rolling-in surface then passing die orifice, for example on roller or the moving belt, to form spunbond web.Scheme as an alternative, directly the composite fiber web width of cloth of lay can prepare by melt-blown process, wherein at the surface of spinning head injection air side by side to leave behind and to cool off this thin polymerizable fluid material flow, in the passage of cooling air, this materials flow is deposited on the rolling-in surface to form fibrous web subsequently.Can benefit from the free-ended follow-up wet process of this fiber of sealing by the meltblown web that staple fibre is made, for example top described.
As mentioned above, multicomponent fibre of the present invention can use by their filament form, perhaps they may be prescinded into staple fibre, and is spunbond or melt and spray to form fabric etc.Therefore, in one aspect of the method, the invention provides the fabric that comprises multicomponent fibre as herein described to small part.The fabric of being contained by the present invention includes but not limited to, bondedfibre fabric, textiles and knitted fabric.There is not the fiber (filament yarn) of cutting randomly to combine and to form fabric by knitting or weaving with other yarn.Randomly combine, staple fiber spinning can be become the spinning yarn with other staple fibre.These yarns can form fabric by knitting or weaving.Staple fibre (randomly combining with other staple fibre) can also pass through wet laying process, for example paper forms, pass through air-laid process, or forming bondedfibre fabric to form the carded web width of cloth by combing, they can tangle by hot adhesion, chemical bonding, acupuncture, loop bonding or hydrogen subsequently and strengthen.
As mentioned above, can multicomponent fibre of the present invention be introduced various fabrics by different amounts, this depends on the final use of fabric and their required hot property.In certain embodiments, can comprise about 5wt%-100wt% multicomponent fibre disclosed herein according to fabric of the present invention.In other embodiments, fabric of the present invention can comprise about 20wt%-100wt% multicomponent fibre, approximately 30wt%-100wt%, approximately 50wt%-100wt%.
In a further aspect, the invention provides the composite that comprises multicomponent fibre described herein.Composite be generally understood as be two or more materials by will showing different performance separately in conjunction with the homogenous material of making, wherein show the performance different in conjunction with the composite that forms with the material that is used to form this composite by two or more materials.Not necessarily blend is together for the various materials that are used to prepare this composite.Advantageously, the hot property that is provided by multicomponent fibre of the present invention can have different other materials of wishing performance in conjunction with the preparation composite with various.
An example of possible composite comprises the following multicomponent fibre described herein that is applied on the base material according to the present invention, will seal by material fixed and that seal this multicomponent fibre on this base material.In a particular, can use elastic substrate, for example synthetic, hide-like material is as base material.Certainly, also can use other substrate material.According to multicomponent fibre of the present invention then may with resin material (or other material), for example polyurethane combination, and being applied on the base material with similar performance.May before adding resin material, multicomponent fibre be applied on the base material, or they may combination before being applied on the base material.Then may this resin material is fixed to seal this multicomponent fibre.Perhaps, resin material may be used as matrix or matrix phase, and this matrix or matrix comprise the discrete particle of sealing this multicomponent fibre mutually.This kind composite especially may be used for clothing industry.
May reside in a plurality of variants according to the scope of the invention according to the composite of above-mentioned embodiment.Specifically, can use many different materials as substrate material.For example, base material can comprise any textile material, and this textile material can hold the resin material that is applied on it so that small part is sealed multicomponent fibre.
Can also be used in particular for structure applications according to composite of the present invention.Therefore, the invention provides structural material, these materials not only provide structural behaviour but also the thermal conditioning performance are provided.For example, in one embodiment, may be encapsulated in especially thermosetting resin of resin material, for example in the epoxy resin etc., to form structural composite material according to multicomponent fibre of the present invention.This kind structural composite material may be shaped or be molded as required size.In specific embodiment, the multicomponent fibre that is used for this kind structural composite material may especially comprise the outer fiber component, and this outer fiber component comprises high tensile strength polymer.In other embodiments, the outer fiber component may comprise high modulus polymer.Structural composite material described herein may especially be used as intensity, weight and thermal conditioning member to be optimized, for example airframe element.
May prepare other composite that comprises multicomponent fibre of the present invention, and above-mentioned argumentation of the present invention should not be construed the restriction scope of the invention.On the contrary, the various composites that multicomponent fibre wherein of the present invention can be used for giving the thermal conditioning of gained composite are contained in the present invention.
To further specify the present invention by following non-limiting example.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of adjustment fibre fractionation
Preparation highly is loaded with the precursor material of phase-change material according to following steps.At first, preparation is the phase-change material of molten condition.Add polypropylene, and mix this bond up to polypropylene fusion.Handle with EVA and fumed silica then.Though continuous in succession above the interpolation described component, method is not limited thereto kind of an order.For example, may once add all components and be heated to molten condition.In addition, may according to above-mentioned different order in conjunction with said components.
In case all components of precursor material is molten condition, just cool off this mixture grind into powder then.This powder precursor material comprises the 67.3wt% phase-change material.
Then this powder precursor material is combined with the fumed silica of additional amount, then combine with the polypropylene powder of additional amount.These three kinds of components are processed into basic mixture uniformly, in the expressing technique of preparation multicomponent fibre, it are extruded with granulation then and regulate fibre fractionation to make the final temperature that is backup form of the present invention.Precursor material and final temperature are regulated and are provided in the table 2 below total composition of component, and wherein percentage provides as weight percent, respectively based on the gross weight of this precursor material and this adjustment fibre fractionation.
Table 2
Polypropylene EVA Silica Phase-change material
Precursor material 13.3％ 18.9％ 0.5％ 67.3％
The adjustment fibre fractionation 47％ 12％ 5％ 36％
Embodiment 2
The preparation of bicomponent fiber
In sheath/core embodiment, use as embodiment 1 described adjustment fibre fractionation as interior fibre fractionation (being core) preparation bicomponent fiber.The outer fiber component comprises PLA (PLA).
Use standard extrusion equipment, example is as shown in Figure 8 the sort of, wherein particle PLA is packed into a loading hopper and particle temperature regulated component second loading hopper of packing into of preparation bicomponent fiber.Under 220 ℃ temperature, extrude this bicomponent fiber, wherein in this adjustment fibre fractionation account for this bicomponent fiber cross section 75%, 25% of the cross section of this this bicomponent fiber of PLA outer fiber ingredients constitute.This bicomponent fiber spinning also is stretched to subsequently the line density of the every threads of 6 DENIER with 1,500 meter/minute speed.
This bicomponent fiber can be above-mentioned common filament form use maybe can experience further processing.In another embodiment, prepare long filament as mentioned above, and along the length of this long filament with 10-12 per inch crispation number this long filament that curls.In another embodiment, prepare long filament as mentioned above, and this long filament is cut into the staple fibre with about 1.5 inches/fibre length.
To appear in technical staff's the brain in the field that the present invention relates in these of the present invention many improvement of illustrating and other embodiment, the instruction that this technical staff has provided from above description and relevant accompanying drawing benefits.Therefore, it should be understood that the invention is not restricted to disclosed particular and improvement and other embodiment wishes to be included in the appended claims scope.Though used particular term at this, they only use with general and descriptive meaning and are not used for limiting.

Claims (38)

1. multicomponent fibre comprises:
(a) fibre fractionation at least a adjustment, it comprises:
(i) about at least 25wt% polyolefin; With
(ii) about at the most 50wt% phase-change material is based on the gross weight of this at least a interior fibre fractionation; With
(b) seal the outer fiber component of fibre fractionation in this at least a adjustment.
2. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein fibre fractionation also comprises little porous material in this at least a adjustment.
3. the multicomponent fibre of claim 2, wherein this little porous material comprises fumed silica.
4. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein fibre fractionation also comprises olefinic material in this at least a adjustment.
5. the multicomponent fibre of claim 4, wherein this olefinic material comprises ethane-acetic acid ethyenyl ester.
6. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein to comprise at least a transition temperature be about 10 ℃-about 50 ℃ compound to this phase-change material.
7. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein this phase-change material comprises at least a aliphatic hydrocarbon that contains about 8 carbon atoms-about 50 carbon atoms.
8. the multicomponent fibre of claim 7, wherein this phase-change material comprises octadecane.
9. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein based on the gross weight of fibre fractionation in this, fibre fractionation comprises the about 50wt% phase-change material of about 5wt%-in this.
10. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein based on the gross weight of fibre fractionation in this, fibre fractionation comprises the about 50wt% phase-change material of about 10wt%-in this.
11. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein based on the gross weight of fibre fractionation in this, fibre fractionation comprises the about 50wt% phase-change material of about 20wt%-in this.
12. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein this phase-change material accounts at least approximately 10wt% of this multicomponent fibre gross weight.
13. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein this phase-change material accounts at least approximately 15wt% of this multicomponent fibre gross weight.
14. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein this phase-change material accounts at least approximately about 55wt% of 10wt%-of this multicomponent fibre gross weight.
15. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein this polyolefin comprises that at least a melt flow index is the polyolefin of about 3-about 1200.
16. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein this polyolefin comprises polypropylene.
17. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein to comprise extrusion temperature be about 120 ℃-about 320 ℃ polymeric material to this outer fiber component.
18. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein this outer fiber component comprises the polymer that is selected from following material: polyamide, polyamine, polyimides, polyacrylic, Merlon, polydiene, polyepoxide, polyester, polyethers, poly-fluorohydrocarbon, poly-fluorohydrocarbon, polyolefin, polyhenylene, silicon-containing polymer, polyurethane, polyvinyl compound, polyacetals, polyarylate and their copolymer and ter-polymers and their mixture.
19. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein this outer fiber component comprises the polymer that is selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyamide, PLA and its mixture.
20. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein this outer fiber component is to seal unique component layers of fibre fractionation in this at least a adjustment.
21. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein this phase-change material is not sealed by little.
22. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein this multicomponent fibre is selected from Hai Bao island fiber and sheath/core fibre.
23. the multicomponent fibre of claim 1, wherein this multicomponent fibre is selected from continuous filament fibers, staple fibre, spun-bonded fibre and meltblown fibers.
24. comprise the fabric of the multicomponent fibre of claim 1.
25. the fabric of claim 24, wherein this fabric is selected from bondedfibre fabric, textiles and knitted fabric.
26. composite, wherein this composite comprises the multicomponent fibre of claim 1.
27. the composite of claim 26, wherein said composite comprise sealed to small part by resin material and be applied to multicomponent fibre on the base material.
28. the composite of claim 26, wherein said composite comprises the multicomponent fibre that is encapsulated in the thermosetting resin.
29. yarn, wherein this yarn comprises the multicomponent fibre of claim 1.
30. the manufacture method of adjustment fibre fractionation, wherein this method comprises:
(a) preparation comprises polyolefin and greater than the precursor material of 50wt% phase-change material, described preparation comprises: mix this polyolefin and phase-change material with the fusion form, the mixture of gained is cooled to fixed mixture and with this fixed mixture processing to be particulate form; With
(b) this particle precursors material is mixed with the polyolefin that is particulate form of additional amount, so that based on the gross weight of this adjustment fibre fractionation, this adjustment fibre fractionation comprises at least approximately 25wt% polyolefin and 50wt% phase-change material at the most.
31. also comprising, the method for claim 30, the step of described preparation precursor material add one or more additional components that is selected from little porous material and olefinic material.
32. the method for claim 30, wherein, in step (a), described processing comprises grinds described fixed mixture.
33. the method for claim 30, wherein step (b) comprises that also components that are selected from little porous material and olefinic material that this precursor material and one or more are additional mix.
34. the method for claim 33 also comprises this adjustment fibre fractionation is extruded and granulation.
35. the preparation method of multicomponent fibre comprises:
(a) provide fibre fractionation at least a adjustment;
(b) provide the outer fiber component;
(c) this fibre fractionation is introduced the fiber extrusion equipment that comprises spinning head; With
(d) extrude this fibre fractionation and consequently form multicomponent fibre, wherein this outer fiber component is sealed fibre fractionation in this at least a adjustment;
Wherein fibre fractionation is introduced this outer fiber component this spinning head so that is prevented fibre fractionation contact environment atmosphere in this at least a adjustment before introducing spinning head in should at least a adjustment.
36. the method for claim 35 wherein has free-ended staple fibre with this multicomponent fibre formation.
37. the method for claim 36, wherein this method comprises that also this staple fibre of processing is to seal this free end.
38. comprise fabric according to the fiber of the method for claim 35 preparation.
CNA2006800388364A 2005-09-15 2006-09-15 Multicomponent fiber comprising a phase change material Pending CN101292064A (en)

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