CN101286928A - Method for realizing P2P stream media system based on bandwidth guaranty technique - Google Patents
Method for realizing P2P stream media system based on bandwidth guaranty technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing a P2P streaming media system on the basis of bandwidth guarantee technology, which comprises the step that a data sending terminal sets priority for a request for downloading in time sequence, wherein, on the premise that the data supply capability of the data sending terminal is unknown, the method also comprises the steps that: the data sending terminal directly supplies data for data receiving terminals with high priority; the data sending terminal detects actual average sending speed V1 in 2-5 seconds; when V1 is detected to be less than a normal speed continuously for 2-4 times, the data sending terminal is determined to reach the maximum data supply capability; otherwise the steps are repeated until the data sending terminal reaches the maximum data supply capability. The method of the invention saves external detection resources, reduces mutual effects of sharing networks, is good for maximum utilization of the bandwidth, shortens the time for searching data sources, improves efficiency and provides strong guarantee for stable playing of peer streaming media.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of implementation method of Streaming Media, more particularly, a kind of mode that relies on the optimization server data to provide is provided improves the method that the P2P technology realizes stream media system.
Background technology
1.P2P the stream media technology introduction
The stream media technology of current P2P is paid attention to by people, and its main occupation mode comprises software loading, the registration of server end information, obtains media resource information, and realizes interconnection, transfer of data and further buffered play.This technology has two aspect advantages:
A, do not need the support of internet router and network infrastructure, so cost performance is high and be easy to dispose;
B, Streaming Media user be downloads of media stream just, but also Media Stream is uploaded to other users, therefore, and can the extend one's service scale of group of this method, and bring more resources by more demand.
The network configuration of P2P stream media system, most of system can classify as method or the notion of setting in the computer theory.In this method, node is organized into certain topology of transmitting data, and (normally set, as shown in Figure 1), each packet all is transmitted on same topology.Node on the topological structure (peer) has the clearly relation of definition, for example, and " father node-child node " relation in the tree structure.This method is typical method for pushing, receives packet when node (peer) that is:, and it just is forwarded to the copy of this packet its each child node.
Among Fig. 1, father node in the top network structure, the top of whole tree just, we are referred to as the father node server, remaining child node, Shu branches and leaves part just, we are referred to as peer or peer server, each peer is that the mode by " c/s pattern " client-server coexistence exists, and has not only downloaded but also provide download.
2.P2P the key technology in the Streaming Media
Because there is unsteadiness in node in the P2P stream media system, so the P2P stream media system need be selected to have breakthrough aspect technology, the fault-tolerant and security mechanism at Media Stream location technology, node.
A, Media Stream location: based on the P2P demand stream media system of catalogue, the mode of searching of its media file is to safeguard all media server information and customer information (comprising IP address, buffer size etc.) by LIST SERVER.When new client's request arrives, the media file of search request in catalogue, fast return candidate node, candidate node can be media servers, can be the clients that this filmstrip can be provided also, thereby have the characteristic of P2P.
The selection of B, node: in a typical P2P overlay network, the node in the network is from each different autonomous territories, and node can freely add or leave overlay network the time in office, causes overlay network to have very big dynamic and uncontrollability.Therefore, how when service conversation is initial, determine that a metastable service node or a node set that provides certain service quality (QoS) to guarantee is the problem that the P2P stream media system presses for solution.
C, fault tolerant mechanism: because the dynamic of node in the P2P stream media system is providing the node of service may leave system, transmission link also may lose efficacy because of congested.For the continuity that guarantees to accept to serve, must take some fault tolerant mechanisms to make the unaffected or recovery as early as possible of service ability of system.
D, security mechanism: network security is the basic demand of P2P stream media system, must carry out security control to P2P information by the technology such as identity identifying and authenticating, mandate, data integrity, confidentiality and non-repudiation of security fields.To the control of property right, present stage can be adopted the control of DRM technology; For can being installed based on the P2P Streaming Media broadcast system of enterprise-level, fire compartment wall stops disabled user's visit; P2P stream media system on the internet can guarantee safety by the packet cipher mode.In the P2P stream media system, can adopt the grading authorized way of user, stop unauthorized access.
3.p2p the problem of Streaming Media transmission
Server comprises child node peer server and father node server in the P2P Streaming Media.What each server section adopted is the service mode of one-to-many, need a large amount of child node peer data download request of concurrent processing, the imbody of service is exactly that media stream data externally is provided, very tight with the relation of local bandwidth, and when handling request, must consider the self-ability problem (mainly referring to upload bandwidth) of server, the self-ability of each peer server, when initial, all be unknown; The speed of department server divisional processing peer request has influenced the efficiency of service of server to a great extent.If the request of processing speed is slow, efficiency of service certainly will be lower; If that handles is fast, the corresponding accuracy of result will reduce.Under the self-ability condition of unknown, respond the request of data of each peer accurately, just become the key issue of the efficient service of server.Have only the sufficient own resources that utilized, realized the shared maximization of network data, and responded the peer request fast and accurately, just realized the high efficiency service.More difficult to manage herein is exactly the detection problem of the upstream bandwidth of peer server.Common way is, at first finishes the detection of bandwidth, promptly goes to some addresses to download (uploading/downloads) a part of data, by the data volume and download (uploading/download) the consumption time computation bandwidth of download (uploading/download).As everyone knows, the stability of the network bandwidth is that everybody can't guarantee, the accuracy of so at first this way is exactly suspectable, also have problems on the ratio of next upstream bandwidth and downlink bandwidth, and start and just to go to download (uploading/download) so piece of data, bandwidth consumption also is bigger.Be directed to the peer end of p2p technology, bandwidth originally is just very limited, carries out this consumption that has little significance again, and the efficient of initial start stage should be poor.
4. notion gathers
Server as shown in Figure 1, comprises child node peer server and father node server, and promptly the two is referred to as server.
Streaming Media is meant the media formats of the mode of employing stream transmission in the Internet/Intranet broadcast, as audio frequency, video or multimedia file.
Receive data terminal, a certain node (peer) receives the data that other servers provide, and this node (peer) is called the reception data terminal.
Send data terminal, a certain server provides data for other peer nodes, and this server is called the transmission data terminal.Send data terminal herein and both comprised the node that is sending data, comprise that also relative reception data terminal can send the node of data.
Summary of the invention
Under the resource condition of unknown of server own, should make full use of this part unknown resources, make response again fast and accurately, this situation is optimal mode.But this also may accomplish hardly.For this reason, the objective of the invention is close to this desirable mode as far as possible.Abandon the step of at first finishing bandwidth detection in the prior art, but under bandwidth unknown condition, be that node provides data, and determine the state of bandwidth and the action of taking according to the speed of download of reality with maximum, the most direct mode.Thereby it is the fastest to reach real-time response, and data transmission efficiency is the highest.
In order to achieve the above object, a kind of method based on bandwidth assurance technology realization P2P stream media system of the present invention comprises the steps: that receives the step that data terminal confirms whether a plurality of transmission data terminals have its required file and send download request to the transmission data terminal with its required file; Sending data terminal is the step of the download request setting priority of a plurality of reception data terminals with time sequencing.Situation a is under the prerequisite of the data providing capability the unknown that sends data terminal, and the present invention comprises the steps: that also (a1) this transmission data terminal directly provides data for a reception data terminal of high priority; (a2) this transmission data terminal is V at the actual average transmission speed that 2-5 detects in second to this reception data terminal
1(a3) establish this transmission data terminal and guarantee that the required speed of download of this reception data terminal normal play files in stream media is T, when detecting V＜T for continuous 2-4 time, this transmission data terminal is confirmed to have reached the maximum data providing capability and known this ability, and does not temporarily provide data for the reception data terminal of this reception data terminal and littler priority; When the situation of V＜T is not detected for 2-4 time continuously, then continue the transfer of data of this transmission data terminal and this reception data terminal, and should send data terminal is the reception data terminal transmission data of next priority, step after the repetition (a2) is until confirming that this transmission data terminal has reached the maximum data providing capability and known this ability.
The present invention is based on the method for bandwidth assurance technology realization P2P stream media system, send under the prerequisite that the data providing capability of data terminal knows at situation b, also comprise step by step following: (b1) this transmission data terminal is that the high reception data terminal of priority provides data to download with the maximum data providing capability directly, until reaching the maximum data providing capability; (b2) this transmission data terminal has reached the maximum data providing capability, then should send the download request of data terminal for the low reception data terminal of other priority, and data wouldn't be provided.
Wherein, the situation of above-mentioned steps (b1) mostly occurs when sending data terminal and receiving the transfer of data disconnection of data terminal, at this moment, because sending the data providing capability of data terminal knows, therefore directly download, get final product until reaching the maximum data providing capability for the high reception data terminal of priority provides data.And the situation that transfer of data disconnects comprises that required file download finishing disconnection connects or the data transmission fault disconnection connects.
In addition, the present invention is based on the method that bandwidth assurance technology realizes the P2P stream media system, it further improves and is, also comprises step: each receives data terminal and detects actual download speed V from a certain transmission data terminal in second at 3-6
2, when
The time, this receives data terminal meeting active disconnection and sends being connected of data terminal, looks for data source again.
The present invention is based on bandwidth assurance technology and realize that the method for P2P stream media system mainly realizes that by following three phases data send and receive.
A, ability value the unknown: when initial, the self-ability value is 0 certainly; This moment, we can think that the ability of this node (peer) or server is very big, during processes data requests, all adopted sure answer mode, and the detecting self ability value.The purpose of this moment is exactly can externally provide the high efficiency service before the data of request reach maximum capacity itself.
B, ability value the unknown: constantly accepting request, sending in the process of data, the data volume of transmission has been closed on self maximum capacity, and the part of surveying can not detect and reached maximum capacity, also can continue to accept request, and data externally are provided.Will take place this time, the ability of self can not satisfy the data conditions of external request, and cause the peer that asked afterwards and first peer contention bandwidth, reach the standard grade in a large number and roll off the production line if very serious peer will take place the bandwidth that tied up peer first, make whole unstable networks.We are at way herein, send data (according to the order of accepting the request of child node peer data download according to prioritization, distribute priority from high to low, when data are provided, being preferably the high child node peer of priority provides), ensure peer before reaching the maximum capacity value with this with regard to having begun to download, can normally send data, can not be subjected to the influence of peer finally, the situation of unstable networks more can not occur.The purpose of this moment is exactly in the peaked decline of detectivity, avoids bandwidth contention situation, ensures the stable transfer of peer data, ensures stability of network, and can the high efficiency service.
C, ability value is known: when the generation self-ability can not satisfy all request of data, just can determine to have reached maximum capacity, by the mode of data statistics, calculate the maximum capacity value.This moment is just relatively simple, only need simply calculate just can make accurately to have responded; The purpose of this moment is in the known situation of ability value, to respond the peer request fast and accurately, the service of realization high efficiency.
The present invention is based on the method for bandwidth assurance technology realization P2P stream media system, at the characteristics of P2P technology, constantly externally providing in the service process, surveymeter is calculated the maximum capacity value of itself, do not have the insignificant consumption of bandwidth, stability also guarantees to some extent.Specifically, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, child node peer data download velocity-stabilization is for the Streaming Media stable playback of peer provides strong guarantee.
2, can control the behavior of rolling off the production line of frequently reaching the standard grade of child node peer, the influence to other child nodes peer of association is caused is controlled at influence within the very little scope, can not impact whole data sharing network.
3, self finish the maximum capacity value and calculate, saved the resource of outside detection, and more accurate, be of value to band-limited maximum using.
4, server is answered the data download request of child node peer fast and accurately, has significantly shortened the time of peer searching consumer of data, has improved efficiency of service.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic network structure of prior art P2P system;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention is the explanation schematic diagram of downloading the node priority of disposing order with the time sequencing;
Fig. 3 the present invention is based on the method flow diagram that bandwidth assurance technology realizes the P2P stream media system.
Embodiment
The present invention at first satisfies the condition of " quick and precisely handling request ", secondly is the treatment effeciency that guarantees in the detection process of maximum capacity value, is exactly that the influence that the maximum capacity value is surveyed is reduced to minimum once more.The processing that the maximum capacity value is surveyed after finishing is just fairly simple, and above several promises are good, just can bring into play the maximum capacity of client basically, under the self-ability condition, provides the high efficiency service that provides.
Realize the above object, need three parts to coordinate to finish:
A, server end are accepted in the process of child node peer data download request, finish self-ability and survey.
B, server end according to accept " request of child node peer data download " and the time priority of distributing, be that peer sends data.
C, peer client downloads speed detect.
Ginseng specifically describes the entire process process according to embodiment below:
Identical with prior art P2P stream media system and other P2P software, wait to receive the reception data terminal of data and need confirm that those send data terminals and have its required file, and send data terminals to these and send download request.Wherein alleged " required file " is meant that a certain files in stream media of broadcast is through splitting a plurality of small documents that form among the present invention.Concrete fractionation mode can be joined the Chinese invention patent of applying on the same day according to the applicant and the present invention " a kind of method based on data disassemble technique realization P2P stream media system ".Certainly the present invention is not limited to file and splits, but is conceived to split the transmission of back file, so the present invention is applicable to that various P2P stream media systems need the situation of file transfer (no matter which kind of fractionation mode, even do not split file).
When a plurality of reception data terminals when same transmission data terminal request msg is downloaded, this sends data terminal and receives the download request setting priority of data terminals with the sequencing of time for these; Time, more early priority was high more.Flow process is as follows as shown in Figure 3:
1, program initialization, peer server or send data terminal the ability of service is provided is unknown state (this ability is called the maximum data providing capability) certainly, add a peer download request (the reception data terminal request of high priority) this moment, send data terminal and can't guarantee to satisfy the other side's downloading request, but must make response immediately and data are provided.
Countermeasure: courageously hypothesis, and detection maximum capacity value.Suppose oneself can satisfy the other side's downloading request, directly download the peer affirmative answer.The meaning in other words, the data that I can provide you to require to you, you at me down.Because the ability that data are provided of itself is not clear, can not guarantee speed, send the data speed detection so need download peer this moment to this.With the fixed time is the standard detection time, and the time specified in 2 to 5 seconds, counts the total amount of the data that send in the standard time, obtains the in fact data volume of transmission each second, is called the actual average transmission speed.For the speed of the transmission data of each peer can determine that be referred to as normal transmission speed, promptly this transmission data terminal guarantees the required speed of download of this reception data terminal normal play files in stream media according to the state of peer.
If the actual average transmission speed, obtains testing result " normally " more than or equal to normal transmission speed, and continue transfer of data.At this moment, this transmission data terminal is with ability " counting adds ", and be set to and send data for the reception data terminal of next priority, thereby the download of adding next priority according to the priority of request connects, and peer of every interpolation needs to detect, till detecting the maximum capacity value.Wherein, this transmission data terminal is with ability " counting adds ", its objective is, sending data terminal by counting mode counts at following maximum number that can connect of download capabilities performance maximum rating, thereby for follow-up phase (as disconnecting the process of connection/data reconstruction passage/transmission data) provides reference, utilize this maximum number, do and subtract one-plus-one counting, can determine the transmission state of some passage as reference.
If the little and normal transmission speed of actual transmission speed obtains testing result " slowly "; Need carry out number of times accumulative total in the time of " slowly ".And the examination criteria of arrival maximum capacity value is that the child node peer that continuous detecting goes out for specify number (number is specified) in 2 to 4 provides data speed " slowly ".Noting, is continuously several, and the reason of so doing is, if middle occurred downloading slow, and can normally the downloading of back, this situation is irrelevant with the providing capability of self, belongs to network problem, or the other side's problem.If be consecutively detected several slowly, illustrate that the current service ability that provides has reached maximum, and override capability scope.Determine that the maximum capacity value produces this moment, and begin to calculate concrete data, determine the maximum capacity value by the total amount of the transmission data in statistics a period of time.And usually, receiving data terminal this moment can connect in the active disconnection.
2, when surveying the maximum capacity value, when only providing data volume to exceed providing capability own, can detect the maximum capacity value.How should data outside the override capability solve so? for example itself can provide the data of 1M a second, and the data that need to send be one second 1.2M, this moment, whom the data of that 1M should send on earth, and how remaining 0.2M data should be handled has just become key herein.The way of taking is: under the situation that reaches the maximum providing capability of data, send data terminal and temporarily do not provide data for the reception data terminal of low priority.Concrete countermeasure is as follows:
In order to ensure stability of network, carry out with the principle of " peer does not afterwards influence peer first "; According to the time sequencing of request, give the peer corresponding priorities that each comes request msg, the priority height afterwards of priority ratio first herein.When sending data to peer, directly data are not sent in the network, but send in the priority query, priority query can arrange according to the priority of peer under the data.The meeting that the priority of peer is the highest comes the top of whole formation, at first is sent out.Each downloads peer all has a thread to travel to and fro between between priority query and the network, sends data, and each thread all only can send the data that come the top of priority query.Six peer are arranged as shown in Figure 2 just in data download, the transmission speed of each peer is the 0.2M per second, be total to the 1.2M per second, but the transmitting capacity of bottom remote peer (transmission data terminal) has only the 1M per second, and this moment, the height of priority was just most important.Sort according to sequence number, it is the highest to download peer1 priority, it is minimum to download peer6 priority, each peer sends data in priority query, will find that the data of peer1-5 can both normally send this moment so, the data of peer6 but exist in the priority query always, can not send.When sending not meet, data send when requiring, each all peer all can produce second group of data and be placed on and carry out " occupy-place " behavior in the priority query, send thread and only understand the highest data of transmit queue medium priority, the data of so just having guaranteed the peer that priority is high send stability, and having avoided is influenced by afterwards peer.
3, by top processing, can find to have at last a download peer can't obtain data, can exert an influence to this peer so equally.To this, server section (transmission data terminal) is powerless, but can not let go unchecked.
Countermeasure: each downloads peer (reception data terminal) originally after obtaining affirmative answer, the capital receives data speed and detects, with the set time (time is selected in second at 3-6) be one detection period, from the time that receives a reply, how many data have been received altogether in the statistics set time, if be lower than half of normal speed of download, directly being connected of disconnection and server, seek data source in addition.Arrive herein, the state of server just should be maximum performance, has just reached our above said self effective resource that makes full use of substantially, and the state of efficient service is provided.
Above-mentioned normal speed of download is identical with normal transmission speed, for example concrete: as suppose that 30 transmission data terminals (server) receive the video file that data terminal peer provides per second 30 frames for one, and each to send the data that data terminal correspondence provides video file different frame each second.At this moment, each sends data terminal as long as guarantee the speed sending data of 1 frame/second, guarantee that the speed of 1 frame/second receives each data in server and receive data terminal, can guarantee to receive the data terminal video file normal play of 30 frame/seconds, be exactly normal speed of download or normal transmission speed this 1 frame/second of this moment.
4, come this moment the peer request to download again, should how to handle;
Countermeasure: the maximum capacity that can determine to provide the ability of data to reach self this moment, but the concrete numerical value of maximum capacity does not also calculate.Next in a period of time of calculating maximum capacity, can not accept any child node peer data download request.But not serious because ability was used by maximum in the current time actually, can not be again for other child node peer provides data to download, can think does not temporarily have ability that data externally are provided again.Can give negative reply this moment, tells the other side that I can not offer you.That is to say that at this moment, this sends data terminal for the low reception data terminal download request of other priority, and data wouldn't be provided, refusal is downloaded; Detect the half of actual download speed less than normal speed and receive data terminal in second at 3-6, this receives data terminal meeting active disconnection and sends being connected of data terminal, looks for data source again.
In addition, concrete maximum capacity value (" maximum number of connections ") is after calculating is finished, also to directly add up once current transmission data summation, add up by the speed of download of all being downloaded peer, obtain the current speed summation that data externally are provided, be called " current linking number ".Each peer of download adds, and deletion all will be upgraded once current linking number.When receiving request again, just can directly compare, just provide data, less than data just are not provided greater than speed of download with the difference of maximum number of connections and current linking number and the speed of download of request.For example download and finish or during data transmission fault at required file, a certain connection disconnects, this moment is owing to the data providing capability that sends data terminal knows, sending data terminal is that the high reception data terminal of priority provides data to download with the maximum data providing capability directly, gets final product until reaching the maximum data providing capability.
The above; only be the preferable embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; be equal to replacement or change according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of method based on bandwidth assurance technology realization P2P stream media system comprises that receives the step that data terminal confirms whether a plurality of transmission data terminals have its required file and send download request to the transmission data terminal with its required file; It is characterized in that, comprise that also sending data terminal is the step of the download request setting priority of a plurality of reception data terminals with time sequencing; And following steps: under the prerequisite of the data providing capability the unknown that sends data terminal,
(Sa1) this transmission data terminal directly provides data for a reception data terminal of high priority;
(Sa2) this transmission data terminal is V at the actual average transmission speed that 2-5 detects in second to this reception data terminal
1
(Sa3) establish this transmission data terminal and guarantee that the required normal speed of download of this reception data terminal normal play files in stream media is T,
Detect V when continuous 2-4 time
1During＜T, this transmission data terminal is confirmed to have reached the maximum data providing capability and known this ability, and does not temporarily provide data for the reception data terminal of this reception data terminal and littler priority request;
Otherwise, continuing the transfer of data of this reception data terminal, and should send the reception data terminal transmission data that data terminal is next priority, the step after the repetition (Sa2) is until confirming that this transmission data terminal has reached the maximum data providing capability and known this ability.
2, according to the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, under the prerequisite that the data providing capability that sends data terminal knows, also comprise step by step following based on bandwidth assurance technology realization P2P stream media system:
(Sb1) this transmission data terminal is that the high reception data terminal of priority provides data to download with the maximum data providing capability directly, until reaching the maximum data providing capability;
(Sb2) this transmission data terminal has reached the maximum data providing capability, then should send the download request of data terminal for the low reception data terminal of other priority, and data wouldn't be provided.
According to the described method based on bandwidth assurance technology realization P2P stream media system of claim 2, it is characterized in that 3, the situation in described (Sb1) step comprises that required file download finishing disconnection connects, perhaps data transmission fault disconnects connection.
4, according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps: based on bandwidth assurance technology realization P2P stream media system
Each receives data terminal and detects actual download speed V from a certain transmission data terminal in second at 3-6
2, when
The time, this receives data terminal meeting active disconnection and sends being connected of data terminal, looks for data source again.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103902499A (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2014-07-02 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Processing method and electronic device |
| CN106101174A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-11-09 | 广州酷狗计算机科技有限公司 | A kind of method and apparatus transmitting data |
| CN108900638A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2018-11-27 | 陈若天 | A method of ensuring that full bandwidth uses in the case where not interrupting concurrent asynchronous connection |
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| EP1633088A1 (en) * | 2004-09-02 | 2006-03-08 | Deutsche Thomson-Brandt Gmbh | Method and device for improving quality-of-service management in peer-to-peer networks |
| CN1764275A (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2006-04-26 | 杨国宇 | Multi-point transmitting method for forming composite peer-to-peer network, balancing digital contents |
| CN100521663C (en) * | 2006-04-18 | 2009-07-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for crossing network address conversion in point-to-point communication |
| CN1845530A (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2006-10-11 | 清华大学 | Stream media resource distributing method based on policy optimization |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103902499A (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2014-07-02 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Processing method and electronic device |
| CN106101174A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-11-09 | 广州酷狗计算机科技有限公司 | A kind of method and apparatus transmitting data |
| CN108900638A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2018-11-27 | 陈若天 | A method of ensuring that full bandwidth uses in the case where not interrupting concurrent asynchronous connection |
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