CN101281699A - Method for symbolization of geographic element case - Google Patents
Method for symbolization of geographic element case Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a geography factor embodiment symbolization method: defining the map symbol template constituted of a basic graphic element type and the configuring parameters thereof, building the mapping model from the map symbol template to the map symbol embodiment, wherein the mapping relation of the mapping model is expressed by the mapping mode and the corresponding mapping parameters; analyzing the geography factor embodiment of the geography factor kinds, determining the corresponding mapping parameter values according to the characteristic of the geography factor embodiment and the relation of the other geography factor embodiment; mapping the map symbol template into the map symbol embodiment which adapts the geography factor embodiment characteristic and the relation expression according to the mapping parameter values; symbolizing the geography factor embodiment according to the map symbol embodiment. The invention realizes the symbolization method of the self-adapting geography factor embodiment, advances the symbolization expression step for expressing the geography factor characteristic to the mapping expression step for expressing the geography factor individual embodiment characteristic and relation, which realizes the deep level visualization expression of the geography information.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the geographical information technology field, particularly a kind of method for symbolization of geographic element case.
Background technology
In the Geographic Information System (GIS), visual is the important component part of geographical information technology, is the main functional modules of Geographic Information System, is the mutual window of user and geography information.Map has had thousands of history as a kind of main visual form of geography information, modern map has strict Fundamentals of Mathematics, systematized map symbol is expressed, comprehensively summarized the guide look that obtains, and map is the scientific method of the visual expression of geography information.Therefore, the Map Expression function of geography information has become one of indispensable function of Geographic Information System.Existing Geographic Information System (GIS) software and cartographic software are mainly finished the symbolism expression of geography information by the map symbol library module.At first set up a cover map symbols bank, geographic element class and corresponding map symbol are associated, when realizing the symbolism of geography information, find respective symbol according to the table of comparisons between key element and the symbol, utilize the drafting function of symbolic library that geographic element is carried out the symbolism expression, just realized the Map Expression of geography information after the symbolism of finishing all geographic elements, its result can show on display device, also can be output into paper map.But, this geography information symbolism method based on map symbols bank is just distinguished from the classification of geography information, there is not further to distinguish the difference of different key element individual instances in the similar geography information, for example: the blue solid lines of use same widths is drawn permanent stream and just the difference figurative expression of different rivers on length and rank can't be come out, and has reduced the transmission accuracy of geography information.In addition, present geography information symbolism method only limits to the symbolism of single geographic element, ignored the reasonable expression of spatial relationship and relation on attributes between the geography information, for example when drawing the overlapping relation of dotted line road, the visual meeting of existing GIS comes all roads of symbolism with same dotted line diagrammatical symbol, will occur the situation that imaginary part intersects like this, reduce the accuracy of this visual expression in intersection, influence the interpretation of interpreting blueprints person's antinode.Therefore, the deficiency of the symbolism method at existing GIS in visual, visual symbolism is transformed into the mapable of taking geographic element individual instances feature and mutual relationship into account and expresses to geographic element from simple with GIS, becomes problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of symbolism method with geographic element instance-level of self-adaptation characteristics, can calculate the mapping parameters value automatically, and the map symbol template is mapped as adapts to the geographic element example aspects and mutual relationship is expressed the map symbol example of needs, thereby realize visual mapable expression meticulousr, that can reflect geographic element example details feature and relation than existing GIS.
Technical scheme of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
Step 2 is analyzed all geographic element examples of geographical factor kind, determines its correspondence mappings parameter value according to the feature of each geographic element example and with the relation of other geographic element example;
Step 3 is mapped as the map symbol template map symbol example that adapts to geographic element example aspects and relationship expression according to the mapping parameters value that calculates in the step 2.
Step 4 is according to map symbol example symbolism geographic element example.
And the element figure type comprises ellipse, circular arc, fan-shaped, triangle, rectangle, broken line and polygon, and configuration parameter comprises repeated configuration, fixed point configuration, could be out of shape and could extend.
And described mapping mode comprises translation transformation, scale transformation, rotational transform, wrong contact transformation, phase tranformation and the conversion of broken line width gradual change.
And, in step 2,
For point-like geographic element example with direction, determine the direction of this key element example, according to direction the rotational transform parameter value of schematic symbol template accordingly is set;
For the permanent stream factor kind in the water system key element, determine length, grade and affiliated upstream and downstream, the main tributary relation thereof of such key element example, according to these property values the broken line width gradual change transformation parameter value of schematic symbol template accordingly is set;
For the geographic element example of with dashed lines symbolic formulation, the phase tranformation parameter value of schematic symbol template accordingly is set according to the value of the repetition element figure length complementation of the length of geographic element example and dashed signs.
And, in step 3,
Point-like geographic element example for having direction is rotated conversion according to the rotational transform parameter value with the map symbol template, obtains expressing the map symbol example of corresponding oriented point symbol;
For the permanent stream factor kind in the water system key element, according to broken line width gradual change transformation parameter value the map symbol template is carried out the width scale transformation, obtain expressing the map symbol example of corresponding gradual change line symbol;
Geographic element example for the with dashed lines symbolic formulation, according to the phase tranformation parameter value repetition element figure of expressing dashed signs in the map symbol template is carried out phase change, make along the repetition element figure of centerline direction configuration it is that real part is drawn at first and last end points place.
The proposition of novelty of the present invention will represent that the example symbol of performance key element individual instances feature and relation makes a distinction in the diagrammatical symbol of topographic entity class common trait and the drawing course, between map symbol template and map symbol example, set up mapping relations, concrete feature and mutual relationship thereof according to the geographic element example are calculated corresponding mapping parameters automatically, thereby the mapping of map symbol template is converted to the map symbol example that adapts with this example, show the feature and the relation of current geographic element example subtly with this map symbol example, finally realized the symbolism of the geographical key element instance-level of self-adaptation.Method provided by the invention has risen to the emphasis of symbolism the level of geographic element individual instances from the level of geographic element figure layer, on the level of details more, consider that comprehensively the GIS profound level is visual, it is the demand that mapable is expressed, improve the visual quality of GIS, strengthened the transfer efficiency of geography information.Technical scheme of the present invention is easy to implement, and has outstanding dirigibility and versatility, can strengthen the function of map visualization in Geographic Information System and the map making system.
Description of drawings
The mapping model principle schematic of Fig. 1 embodiment of the invention;
The rotational transform synoptic diagram of Fig. 2 embodiment of the invention;
The gradual change conversion synoptic diagram of Fig. 3 embodiment of the invention;
The phase tranformation synoptic diagram of Fig. 4 embodiment of the invention;
The self-adaptation subterranean stream gateway drawing result of Fig. 5 embodiment of the invention;
The self-adaptation water system key element drawing result of Fig. 6 embodiment of the invention;
The self-adaptation traffic key element drawing result of Fig. 7 embodiment of the invention;
Embodiment
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of the mapable expression of the visual middle geography information of existing GIS, instruct GIS visual with traditional map making knowledge, the technical scheme that provides may further comprise the steps:
The present invention is to form on the statistical study basis to existing national primary scale cartographic symbol symbolism to the definition of map symbol template, has adopted the mode of pel to describe.According to the result that diagrammatical symbol is analyzed, the map symbol template definition of the embodiment of the invention seven element figure types: ellipse, circular arc, fan-shaped, triangle, rectangle, broken line, polygon, and four configuration parameters: repeated configuration, fixed point dispose, could be out of shape, could extend.This cover element figure type can satisfy the drafting needs of map making symbol guide substantially by the combination of primitive types and configuration parameter.Can define more element figure type and configuration parameter as required during concrete enforcement, but all within the present invention's scope required for protection.The present invention proposes to set up the mapping model of a cover map symbol template to the map symbol example on the basis of summing up traditional map drawing knowledge, can express geographic element individual instances feature and mutual relationship.This model not only can be described the character of the diagrammatical symbol of reflection geographic element class global feature, has also defined the mapping transformation parameter simultaneously, thereby can support the mapping transformation of the symbol instance from diagrammatical symbol to reflection geographic element individual instances feature.
Emphasis of the present invention is the feature and the mutual relationship that will reflect the geographic element individual instances in the visual process of GIS.Therefore on the description basis of basic map symbol template, the present invention has proposed again according to the geographic element example aspects, obtains adapting to the map symbol example of geographic element case representation by the mapping conversion.The concrete mapping mode that the embodiment of the invention provides can comprise translation transformation, scale transformation, rotational transform, wrong contact transformation, phase tranformation, the conversion of broken line width gradual change.Corresponding mapping parameters then is respectively translation transformation parameter, scale transformation parameter, rotational transform parameter, wrong contact transformation parameter, phase tranformation parameter and broken line width gradual change transformation parameter.The four kinds of conventional affined transformations of conversion output in front; Phase tranformation is with the conversion at the enterprising line period in unit of the initial drafting position of the repeated configuration unit of map symbol; Initial width when broken line gradual change drafting has been determined in the conversion of broken line width gradual change and termination width.Can select to stipulate mapping mode kind and number as required during concrete enforcement, realize more accurate variation.
Step 2 is analyzed all geographic element examples of geographical factor kind, determines its correspondence mappings parameter value according to the feature of each geographic element example;
Referring to the embodiment of the invention among Fig. 1, principle by the mapping model symbolism is: comprise N geographic element example [1:N] in 1 geographic element class, key element instance properties (being feature and mutual relationship) according to the geographic element example is extracted mapping mode and parameter, the map symbol template becomes map symbol example [1:N] by the mapping transformation Parameters Transformation, use map symbol example symbolism corresponding geographical key element example [1:1] again, realize that profound geography information is visual.
For the ease of implementing,, the invention provides further concrete technical scheme at the several outstanding difficult point in the existing visualization technique:
For the point-like geographic element example (as cave dwelling) with direction, the result of symbolism should be oriented point symbol, therefore needs to determine the direction attribute of this key element example, obtains the rotational transform parameter value of schematic symbol template accordingly according to direction.
For the permanent stream factor kind in the water system key element, the desired result of symbolism is that the difference figurative expression of different rivers on length and rank comes out, and therefore needs to determine length, grade and affiliated upstream and downstream, the main tributary relation thereof of such geographic element example.According to these property values of key element example the broken line width gradual change transformation parameter of map symbol template is set, can determines the initial drafting width of schematic symbol example correspondingly and stop drawing width.
For the geographic element example of with dashed lines symbolic formulation, the desired result of symbolism is to be that real part is drawn in the symbol intersection, allows interpreting blueprints person can clearly distinguish the position of intersection point and the trend of dashed signs.Therefore the phase tranformation parameter of this key element example corresponding map symbol guide is set according to the value of the repetition element figure length complementation of the length of geographic element example and dashed signs.The repetition element figure of expressing dashed signs is generally the less broken line of length.
Step 3 is mapped as the map symbol template map symbol example that adapts to geographic element example aspects and relationship expression according to the mapping parameters value that calculates in the step 2.
The mapping model that this step is set up according to step 1 only need be brought the mapping parameters value that step 2 obtains into, and the mapping relations that can obtain determining obtain adapting to the map symbol example of geographic element example aspects and relationship expression.Concrete enforcement is corresponding with step 2:
Point-like geographic element example (as cave dwelling) for having direction is rotated conversion according to the rotational transform parameter value with the map symbol template, obtains expressing the map symbol example of corresponding oriented point symbol.
For the permanent stream factor kind in the water system key element, according to broken line width gradual change transformation parameter value the map symbol template is carried out the width scale transformation, obtain expressing the map symbol example of corresponding gradual change line symbol.Be exactly in fact to obtain for the initial width of gradual change line symbol and stop width by broken line width gradual change transformation parameter value.
Geographic element example for the with dashed lines symbolic formulation, according to the phase tranformation parameter value repetition element figure of expressing dashed signs in the map symbol template is carried out phase change, make along the repetition element figure of centerline direction configuration it is that real part is drawn at first and last end points place.
Step 4 is according to map symbol example symbolism geographic element example.
Method for symbolization of geographic element case provided by the invention can adopt the symbolism of the geographical key element instance-level of computer realization self-adaptation in conjunction with existing Geographic Information System (GIS) software, can realize by following steps by software setting when specifically implementing:
(1) the map symbol library module is set in computer system, sets up the map symbol template in map symbols bank, the map symbol template is made up of element figure type and configuration parameter.
Then, in computing machine, set up corresponding relation between map symbol template and the geographic element class with the form of the table of comparisons, with the coding of the coding of geographic element class and map symbol template one by one corresponding stored in database.The basis of mapping model is provided thus.
(2) in computer system, travel through all geographic element individual instances in each figure layer successively, attribute according to this example comes the mapping transformation parameter value of schematic symbol template definitely, concrete operations for example as: the direction attribute according to orientation point or directional ray comes the rotational transform parameter value of schematic symbol template definitely; Length and rank according to water system key element example are come the broken line width gradual change transformation parameter of schematic symbol template (initial width of broken line and termination width) definitely; Come the phase tranformation parameter value of schematic symbol template definitely according to the ratio that repeats the sill pel in the length of the road key element example that dots and the dashed signs.
(3) in computer system with these mapping transformation parameter roles on the map symbol template, thereby obtain adapting to the map symbol example of current geographic element case representation.Concrete manifestation can be geometric parameter and a configuration parameter of adjusting the element figure in the map symbol masterplate according to the mapping running parameter.Concrete operations for example as: pel (putting or the broken line) coordinate figure that will express oriented point symbol obtains the pixel coordinates value (referring to Fig. 2) of map symbol example by rotational transform; Pel (broken line) the end points width of expressing water system key element symbol is set to initial width and the termination width (referring to Fig. 3) that the conversion of broken line width gradual change obtains; The repetition element figure (being used to form the broken line of the length of dashed signs than section) of expressing traffic key element symbol is carried out periodically moving (referring to Fig. 4) according to the phase tranformation parameter.Arrow is represented conversion in Fig. 2～4.
(5) use the symbolism function in the map symbols bank system that current geographic element example is carried out the symbolism drafting according to symbol instance.
Because in present Geographic Information System (GIS) software, visualization function also is simple symbolism all, is difficult to show the feature of geographic element individual instances and mutual relation, has reduced the quality and the effect of Geographic Information Visualization information transmission.Therefore after the present invention sets up the mapping model of map symbol, taken into full account the feature of geographic element individual instances, can calculate the symbol instance that can show this example aspects by mapping model, thereby strengthen the Geographic Information Visualization function, demonstrate fully the structured features of geography information in the integral body of mapland.
Referring to Fig. 5～7, understand the effect of the symbolism of self-adaptation key element instance-level provided by the present invention for the ease of image, the invention provides the subterranean stream gateway of embodiment, the symbolism result of the geographical key element instance-level of self-adaptation of single line river, dotted line road throughout the year.Can see clearly that the result that these computing machine self-adaptations are drawn has fully finished the mapable of corresponding geography information and expressed task, meets geography information field digitizing needs.
Claims (5)
1. method for symbolization of geographic element case is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, definition map symbol template, the map symbol template is made up of element figure type and configuration parameter thereof, sets up the mapping model of map symbol template to the map symbol example, and the mapping relations of mapping model are expressed by mapping mode and corresponding mapping parameters;
Step 2 is analyzed all geographic element examples of geographical factor kind, determines its correspondence mappings parameter value according to the feature of each geographic element example and with the relation of other geographic element example;
Step 3 is mapped as the map symbol template map symbol example that adapts to geographic element example aspects and relationship expression according to the mapping parameters value that calculates in the step 2.
Step 4 is according to map symbol example symbolism geographic element example.
2. method for symbolization of geographic element case according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the element figure type comprises ellipse, circular arc, fan-shaped, triangle, rectangle, broken line and polygon, and configuration parameter comprises repeated configuration, fixed point configuration, could be out of shape and could extend.
3. method for symbolization of geographic element case according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described mapping mode comprises translation transformation, scale transformation, rotational transform, wrong contact transformation, phase tranformation and the conversion of broken line width gradual change.
4. method for symbolization of geographic element case according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in step 2, for point-like geographic element example with direction, determine the direction of this key element example, according to direction the rotational transform parameter value of schematic symbol template accordingly is set;
For the permanent stream factor kind in the water system key element, determine length, grade and affiliated upstream and downstream, the main tributary relation thereof of such key element example, according to these property values the broken line width gradual change transformation parameter value of schematic symbol template accordingly is set;
For the geographic element example of with dashed lines symbolic formulation, the phase tranformation parameter value of schematic symbol template accordingly is set according to the value of the repetition element figure length complementation of the length of geographic element example and dashed signs.
5. method for symbolization of geographic element case according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: in step 3, for point-like geographic element example with direction, according to the rotational transform parameter value map symbol template is rotated conversion, obtains expressing the map symbol example of corresponding oriented point symbol;
For the permanent stream factor kind in the water system key element, according to broken line width gradual change transformation parameter value the map symbol template is carried out the width scale transformation, obtain expressing the map symbol example of corresponding gradual change line symbol;
Geographic element example for the with dashed lines symbolic formulation, according to the phase tranformation parameter value repetition element figure of expressing dashed signs in the map symbol template is carried out phase change, make along the repetition element figure of centerline direction configuration it is that real part is drawn at first and last end points place.
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Cited By (12)
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| CN101706813A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-05-12 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Map symbol library management system and method based on self-adaptation mechanism |
| CN102157001A (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2011-08-17 | 中国测绘科学研究院 | Method and system for drawing electronic map |
| CN101799933B (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2012-01-11 | 南京师范大学 | Conversion method of TrueType symbol and spotted map symbol based on path |
| CN102393960A (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2012-03-28 | 南京大学 | Method for describing local characteristic of image |
| CN102509325A (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2012-06-20 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Drawing method for complex linear symbol pattern unit |
| CN101751682B (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2012-11-14 | 武汉大学 | Preparation method of universal map |
| CN107885863A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-04-06 | 湖北大学 | Representation of Map Symbols method and system based on body |
| CN109783088A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-21 | 北京辰安科技股份有限公司 | Based on customization emergency maps sign webgis display methods and device |
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| CN101706813B (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2012-10-10 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Map symbol library management system and method based on self-adaptation mechanism |
| CN101706813A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-05-12 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Map symbol library management system and method based on self-adaptation mechanism |
| CN101751682B (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2012-11-14 | 武汉大学 | Preparation method of universal map |
| CN101799933B (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2012-01-11 | 南京师范大学 | Conversion method of TrueType symbol and spotted map symbol based on path |
| CN102157001A (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2011-08-17 | 中国测绘科学研究院 | Method and system for drawing electronic map |
| CN102393960A (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2012-03-28 | 南京大学 | Method for describing local characteristic of image |
| CN102509325A (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2012-06-20 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Drawing method for complex linear symbol pattern unit |
| CN107885863B (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2021-10-15 | 湖北大学 | Map symbol expression method and system based on ontology |
| CN107885863A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-04-06 | 湖北大学 | Representation of Map Symbols method and system based on body |
| CN109783088A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-21 | 北京辰安科技股份有限公司 | Based on customization emergency maps sign webgis display methods and device |
| CN111651129A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-09-11 | 北京山维科技股份有限公司 | Dynamic symbolization method and device for batch printing, storage medium and equipment |
| CN111651129B (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2023-09-15 | 北京山维科技股份有限公司 | Method, device, storage medium and equipment for dynamic symbolization of batch printing |
| CN113706996A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-26 | 张慎佳 | Physiological boundary line scale for true and false map |
| CN113706996B (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2024-04-05 | 张慎佳 | Physiological boundary scale of true and false map |
| CN115185435A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-10-14 | 红科网安(武汉)科技有限公司 | Method for controlling display of key drawing plotting special elements |
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