CN101281699A - Geographic feature instance symbolization method - Google Patents

Geographic feature instance symbolization method Download PDF

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CN101281699A
CN101281699A CNA2008100477231A CN200810047723A CN101281699A CN 101281699 A CN101281699 A CN 101281699A CN A2008100477231 A CNA2008100477231 A CN A2008100477231A CN 200810047723 A CN200810047723 A CN 200810047723A CN 101281699 A CN101281699 A CN 101281699A
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map symbol
instances
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mapping
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李霖
朱海红
梅洋
应申
王红
尹章才
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Wuhan University WHU
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Abstract

本发明涉及地理要素实例符号化方法:定义地图符号模板,地图符号模板由基本图元类型及其配置参数组成,建立地图符号模板到地图符号实例的映射模型,映射模型的映射关系由映射方式和相应映射参数表达;对地理要素类的所有地理要素实例进行分析,根据每个地理要素实例的特征及其与其它地理要素实例的关系确定其对应映射参数值;按照映射参数值将地图符号模板映射为适应地理要素实例特征和关系表达的地图符号实例;按照地图符号实例符号化地理要素实例。本发明实现了自适应地理要素实例级的符号化方法,将目前表现地理要素类特征的符号化表达阶段提升到以表现地理要素个体实例特征及关系的地图化表达阶段,实现了地理信息的深层次可视化表达。

Figure 200810047723

The invention relates to a method for symbolizing geographical element instances: defining a map symbol template, which is composed of basic graphic element types and configuration parameters, establishing a mapping model from a map symbol template to a map symbol instance, and the mapping relationship of the mapping model is determined by the mapping method and Corresponding mapping parameter expression; analyze all geographic feature instances of the geographic feature class, determine the corresponding mapping parameter value according to the characteristics of each geographic feature instance and its relationship with other geographic feature instances; map the map symbol template according to the mapping parameter value A map symbol instance adapted to the characteristics and relationship expressions of geographic feature instances; symbolize geographic feature instances according to map symbol instances. The present invention realizes the symbolization method at the instance level of adaptive geographic elements, upgrades the current stage of symbolic expression expressing the characteristics of geographical elements to the stage of map expression expressing the characteristics and relationships of individual instances of geographic elements, and realizes the in-depth analysis of geographic information. Hierarchical visualization.

Figure 200810047723

Description

地理要素实例符号化方法 Geographic feature instance symbolization method

技术领域technical field

本发明属于地理信息技术领域,特别涉及一种地理要素实例符号化方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of geographic information, in particular to a method for symbolizing geographic element instances.

背景技术Background technique

地理信息系统(GIS)中,可视化是地理信息技术的重要组成部分,是地理信息系统的主要功能模块,是用户与地理信息交互的窗口。地图作为一种主要的地理信息可视化形式已经具有上千的历史,现代地图具有严格的数学基础、系统化的地图符号表达、综合概括得到的一览性,地图是地理信息可视化表达的科学手段。因此,地理信息的地图表达功能已经成为地理信息系统的必备功能之一。现有的地理信息系统软件和地图制图软件主要通过地图符号库模块来完成地理信息的符号化表达。首先建立一套地图符号库,将地理要素类与相应的地图符号关联起来,在实现地理信息的符号化时,根据要素与符号之间的对照表找到相应符号,利用符号库的绘制功能对地理要素进行符号化表达,在完成所有地理要素的符号化之后就实现了地理信息的地图表达,其结果可以在显示设备上显示,也可以输出成纸质地图。但是,这种基于地图符号库的地理信息符号化方法只是从地理信息的类别上进行了区分,没有进一步区分同类地理信息中不同要素个体实例的差别,例如:使用相同宽度的蓝色实线来绘制常年河就无法将不同河流在长度和级别上的差异形象地表达出来,降低了地理信息的传输准确性。此外,目前的地理信息符号化方法仅限于单个地理要素的符号化,忽略了地理信息之间空间关系和属性关系的合理表达,例如在绘制虚线道路的相交关系时,现有的GIS可视化会以同样的虚线图式符号来符号化所有的道路,这样就会出现虚部相交的情况,降低了该相交处可视化表达的准确性,影响了读图者对交点的判读。因此,针对现有GIS可视化中的符号化方法的不足,将GIS可视化从单纯对地理要素符号化转变成顾及地理要素个体实例特征及相互关系的地图化表达,成为亟待解决的问题。In geographic information system (GIS), visualization is an important part of geographic information technology, the main functional module of geographic information system, and the window for users to interact with geographic information. As a major form of geographic information visualization, maps have a history of thousands of years. Modern maps have strict mathematical foundations, systematic map symbol expressions, and comprehensive overviews. Maps are a scientific means of visual expression of geographic information. Therefore, the map expression function of geographic information has become one of the necessary functions of geographic information system. The existing geographic information system software and map drawing software mainly complete the symbolic expression of geographic information through the map symbol library module. Firstly, a set of map symbol library is established, which associates geographic feature classes with corresponding map symbols. When realizing the symbolization of geographic information, find the corresponding symbols according to the comparison table between elements and symbols, and use the drawing function of the symbol library to map geographical information. The elements are expressed symbolically. After the symbolization of all geographical elements is completed, the map expression of geographic information is realized. The results can be displayed on the display device or output as a paper map. However, this geographical information symbolization method based on the map symbol library only distinguishes the categories of geographical information, without further distinguishing the differences between individual instances of different elements in the same geographical information, for example: using blue solid lines of the same width to Drawing perennial rivers cannot visualize the differences in length and level of different rivers, which reduces the accuracy of geographic information transmission. In addition, the current geographic information symbolization method is limited to the symbolization of a single geographic element, ignoring the reasonable expression of the spatial relationship and attribute relationship between geographic information. For example, when drawing the intersection relationship of dashed roads, the existing GIS visualization will use The same dotted line schematic symbol is used to symbolize all the roads, so that the imaginary part intersects, which reduces the accuracy of the visual expression of the intersection and affects the reader's interpretation of the intersection. Therefore, in view of the shortcomings of the existing symbolic methods in GIS visualization, it is an urgent problem to transform GIS visualization from simply symbolizing geographical elements to map expression that takes into account the characteristics of individual instances of geographical elements and their interrelationships.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明目的在于提供一种具有自适应特点的地理要素实例级的符号化方法,能够自动计算出映射参数值,并将地图符号模板映射为适应地理要素实例特征及相互关系表达需要的地图符号实例,从而实现比现有GIS可视化更精细的、能够反映地理要素实例细节特征及关系的地图化表达。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a geographical element instance-level symbolization method with self-adaptive characteristics, which can automatically calculate the mapping parameter value, and map the map symbol template into a map symbol instance that meets the needs of geographical element instance characteristics and interrelationship expression , so as to achieve a map expression that is more refined than the existing GIS visualization and can reflect the detailed characteristics and relationships of geographical element instances.

本发明的技术方案包括以下步骤:Technical scheme of the present invention comprises the following steps:

步骤1,定义地图符号模板,地图符号模板由基本图元类型及其配置参数组成,建立地图符号模板到地图符号实例的映射模型,映射模型的映射关系由映射方式和相应映射参数表达;Step 1. Define map symbol templates. Map symbol templates are composed of basic primitive types and their configuration parameters. A mapping model from map symbol templates to map symbol instances is established. The mapping relationship of the mapping model is expressed by the mapping method and corresponding mapping parameters;

步骤2,对地理要素类的所有地理要素实例进行分析,根据每个地理要素实例的特征及其与其它地理要素实例的关系确定其对应映射参数值;Step 2, analyze all geographic feature instances of the geographic feature class, and determine its corresponding mapping parameter value according to the characteristics of each geographic feature instance and its relationship with other geographic feature instances;

步骤3,按照步骤2中计算得到的映射参数值将地图符号模板映射为适应地理要素实例特征和关系表达的地图符号实例。Step 3, according to the mapping parameter values calculated in step 2, the map symbol template is mapped to a map symbol instance that adapts to the characteristics of the geographical feature instance and the expression of the relationship.

步骤4,按照地图符号实例符号化地理要素实例。Step 4: Symbolize geographic feature instances according to map symbol instances.

而且,基本图元类型包括椭圆、圆弧、扇形、三角形、矩形、折线和多边形,配置参数包括重复配置、定点配置、可否变形和可否伸长。Moreover, basic primitive types include ellipse, arc, sector, triangle, rectangle, polyline, and polygon, and configuration parameters include repeat configuration, fixed-point configuration, whether it can be deformed and whether it can be stretched.

而且,所述映射方式包括平移变换、缩放变换、旋转变换、错切变换、相位变换和折线宽度渐变变换。Moreover, the mapping manner includes translation transformation, scaling transformation, rotation transformation, miscut transformation, phase transformation and polyline width gradient transformation.

而且,在步骤2中,And, in step 2,

对于具有方向的点状地理要素实例,确定该要素实例的方向,根据方向来设置对应地图符号模板的旋转变换参数值;For a point-like geographical feature instance with direction, determine the direction of the feature instance, and set the rotation transformation parameter value of the corresponding map symbol template according to the direction;

对于水系要素中的常年河要素类,确定该类要素实例的长度、等级及其所属的上下游、主支流关系,根据这些属性值设置对应地图符号模板的折线宽度渐变变换参数值;For the perennial river element class in the water system element, determine the length, grade, and upstream, downstream, and main tributary relationship of the element instance of this type, and set the polyline width gradient transformation parameter value of the corresponding map symbol template according to these attribute values;

对于用虚线符号表达的地理要素实例,根据地理要素实例的长度与虚线符号的重复基本图元长度求余的值来设置对应地图符号模板的相位变换参数值。For geographical feature instances represented by dotted line symbols, set the phase transformation parameter value of the corresponding map symbol template according to the value of the remainder of the length of the geographical feature instance and the length of the repeated basic primitive of the dotted line symbol.

而且,在步骤3中,And, in step 3,

对于具有方向的点状地理要素实例,根据旋转变换参数值将地图符号模板进行旋转变换,得到表达对应有向点符号的地图符号实例;For a point-like geographical feature instance with direction, the map symbol template is rotated and transformed according to the value of the rotation transformation parameter to obtain a map symbol instance expressing the corresponding directed point symbol;

对于水系要素中的常年河要素类,根据折线宽度渐变变换参数值将地图符号模板进行宽度缩放变换,得到表达对应渐变线状符号的地图符号实例;For the perennial river feature class in the water system elements, the map symbol template is subjected to width scaling transformation according to the polyline width gradient transformation parameter value, and the map symbol instance expressing the corresponding gradient linear symbol is obtained;

对于用虚线符号表达的地理要素实例,根据相位变换参数值对地图符号模板中表达虚线符号的重复基本图元进行相位变化,使得沿中心线方向配置的重复基本图元在首末端点处是实部绘制。For the instance of geographic elements represented by dotted line symbols, the phase change of the repeated basic primitives expressing dotted line symbols in the map symbol template is carried out according to the phase transformation parameter value, so that the repeated basic primitives configured along the central line are real at the first and last points. department drawing.

本发明创新性的提出将代表地形要素类共同特征的图式符号与制图过程中表现要素个体实例特征及关系的实例符号区分开来,在地图符号模板与地图符号实例之间建立映射关系,根据地理要素实例的具体特征及其相互关系自动计算相应的映射参数,从而将地图符号模板映射转换为与该实例相适应的地图符号实例,以该地图符号实例来精细地表现当前地理要素实例的特征及关系,最终实现了自适应地理要素实例级的符号化。本发明提供的方法将符号化的重点从地理要素图层的层次提升到了地理要素个体实例的层次,在更为细节的层次上来全面考虑GIS深层次可视化,即地图化表达的需求,提高了GIS可视化的质量,增强了地理信息的传输效率。本发明的技术方案实施简便,具有优秀的灵活性和通用性,可以增强地理信息系统和地图制图系统中地图可视化的功能。The present invention innovatively proposes to distinguish the schematic symbols representing the common features of terrain elements from the instance symbols representing the characteristics and relationships of individual instances of elements in the cartography process, and establish a mapping relationship between map symbol templates and map symbol instances, according to The specific characteristics of the geographic feature instance and their interrelationships automatically calculate the corresponding mapping parameters, so that the map symbol template mapping is converted into a map symbol instance that is suitable for the instance, and the map symbol instance is used to finely express the characteristics of the current geographic feature instance and relationships, and finally realized the instance-level symbolization of adaptive geographic features. The method provided by the present invention raises the focus of symbolization from the layer level of geographical elements to the level of individual instances of geographical elements, fully considers the deep-level visualization of GIS at a more detailed level, that is, the demand for map expression, and improves the GIS The quality of visualization enhances the efficiency of geographic information transmission. The technical scheme of the invention is easy to implement, has excellent flexibility and versatility, and can enhance the map visualization function in the geographic information system and the map drawing system.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1本发明实施例的映射模型原理示意图;Fig. 1 schematic diagram of the mapping model principle of the embodiment of the present invention;

图2本发明实施例的旋转变换示意图;Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of rotation transformation of an embodiment of the present invention;

图3本发明实施例的渐变变换示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of gradient transformation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图4本发明实施例的相位变换示意图;Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of phase transformation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

图5本发明实施例的自适应伏流河出入口绘制结果;Fig. 5 draws the entrance and exit of the self-adaptive undercurrent river according to the embodiment of the present invention;

图6本发明实施例的自适应水系要素绘制结果;Figure 6 is the drawing result of the self-adaptive water system element of the embodiment of the present invention;

图7本发明实施例的自适应交通要素绘制结果;Fig. 7 is the drawing result of the self-adaptive traffic element of the embodiment of the present invention;

具体实施方式Detailed ways

本发明针对现有GIS可视化中地理信息的地图化表达的不足,用传统的地图制图知识来指导GIS可视化,提供的技术方案包括以下步骤:The present invention aims at the deficiencies in the cartographic expression of geographic information in the existing GIS visualization, uses traditional map drawing knowledge to guide the GIS visualization, and provides a technical solution comprising the following steps:

步骤1,定义地图符号模板,地图符号模板由基本图元类型及其配置参数组成,建立地图符号模板到地图符号实例的映射模型,映射模型的映射关系由映射方式和相应映射参数表达;Step 1. Define map symbol templates. Map symbol templates are composed of basic primitive types and their configuration parameters. A mapping model from map symbol templates to map symbol instances is established. The mapping relationship of the mapping model is expressed by the mapping method and corresponding mapping parameters;

本发明对地图符号模板的定义是在对现有的国家基本比例尺地图图式符号体系的统计分析基础上形成,采用了图元的方式来描述。根据对图式符号分析的结果,本发明实施例的地图符号模板定义了七个基本图元类型:椭圆、圆弧、扇形、三角形、矩形、折线、多边形,以及四个配置参数:重复配置、定点配置、可否变形、可否伸长。这套基本图元类型通过图元类型和配置参数的组合,基本可以满足绘制地图符号模板的绘制需要。具体实施时可以根据需要定义更多的基本图元类型和配置参数,但都在本发明所要求保护的范围之内。本发明在总结传统地图制图知识的基础上,提出建立一套地图符号模板到地图符号实例的映射模型,能够表达地理要素个体实例特征及相互关系。该模型不仅能够描述反映地理要素类整体特征的图式符号的性质,同时还定义了映射变换参数,从而能够支持从图式符号到反映地理要素个体实例特征的符号实例的映射变换。The definition of the map symbol template in the present invention is formed on the basis of statistical analysis of the existing national basic scale map schema symbol system, and is described in the form of graph elements. According to the results of the analysis of the schematic symbols, the map symbol template of the embodiment of the present invention defines seven basic primitive types: ellipse, arc, sector, triangle, rectangle, polyline, polygon, and four configuration parameters: repeated configuration, Fixed-point configuration, whether it can be deformed, whether it can be stretched. This set of basic primitive types can basically meet the drawing needs of drawing map symbol templates through the combination of primitive types and configuration parameters. During specific implementation, more basic primitive types and configuration parameters can be defined as required, but they are all within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. On the basis of summarizing the knowledge of traditional map drawing, the present invention proposes to establish a set of mapping models from map symbol templates to map symbol instances, which can express the characteristics and interrelationships of individual instances of geographic elements. The model can not only describe the properties of the schematic symbols that reflect the overall characteristics of the geographical feature class, but also define the mapping transformation parameters, so as to support the mapping transformation from the schematic symbols to the symbol instances that reflect the characteristics of individual instances of geographic features.

本发明的重点是要在GIS可视化的过程来反映出地理要素个体实例的特征以及相互关系。因此在基本的地图符号模板的描述基础上,本发明又提出了根据地理要素实例特征,通过映射转换来得到适应地理要素实例表达的地图符号实例。本发明实施例提供的具体的映射方式可包括平移变换、缩放变换、旋转变换、错切变换、相位变换、折线宽度渐变变换。相应的映射参数则分别为平移变换参数、缩放变换参数、旋转变换参数、错切变换参数、相位变换参数和折线宽度渐变变换参数。前面四种变换输出常规的仿射变换;相位变换是将地图符号的重复配置单元的起始绘制位置在单元上进行周期性的变换;折线宽度渐变变换确定了折线渐变绘制时的起始宽度和终止宽度。具体实施时可以根据需要选择规定映射方式种类和数目,实现更精确的变化。The focus of the present invention is to reflect the characteristics and interrelationships of individual instances of geographic elements in the process of GIS visualization. Therefore, on the basis of the description of the basic map symbol template, the present invention proposes to obtain a map symbol instance adapted to the expression of the geographical element instance through mapping conversion according to the characteristics of the geographical element instance. The specific mapping methods provided by the embodiments of the present invention may include translation transformation, scaling transformation, rotation transformation, miscut transformation, phase transformation, and polyline width gradient transformation. The corresponding mapping parameters are translation transformation parameters, scaling transformation parameters, rotation transformation parameters, miscut transformation parameters, phase transformation parameters and polyline width gradient transformation parameters. The first four transformations output conventional affine transformations; the phase transformation is to periodically transform the initial drawing position of the repeated configuration unit of the map symbol on the unit; the polyline width gradient transformation determines the initial width and End width. During specific implementation, the types and numbers of the prescribed mapping methods can be selected according to needs, so as to realize more precise changes.

步骤2,对地理要素类的所有地理要素实例进行分析,根据每个地理要素实例的特征确定其对应映射参数值;Step 2, analyze all geographic feature instances of the geographic feature class, and determine the corresponding mapping parameter values according to the characteristics of each geographic feature instance;

参见图1中本发明实施例,通过映射模型符号化的原理为:1个地理要素类中包括N个地理要素实例[1:N],根据地理要素实例的要素实例属性(即特征以及相互关系)提取映射方式及参数,地图符号模板通过映射变换参数转换成地图符号实例[1:N],再用地图符号实例符号化相应的地理要素实例[1:1],实现深层次地理信息可视化。Referring to the embodiment of the present invention in Fig. 1, the principle of symbolization by the mapping model is: 1 geographic feature class includes N geographic feature instances [1:N], according to the feature instance attributes (i.e. features and interrelationships) of the geographic feature instances ) to extract the mapping method and parameters, the map symbol template is transformed into a map symbol instance [1:N] through the mapping transformation parameters, and then the map symbol instance is used to symbolize the corresponding geographic element instance [1:1] to realize the visualization of deep geographic information.

为了便于实施,针对现有可视化技术中的几个突出难点,本发明提供了进一步的具体技术方案:In order to facilitate implementation, the present invention provides further specific technical solutions for several outstanding difficulties in the existing visualization technology:

对于具有方向的点状地理要素实例(如窑洞),符号化的结果应当是有向点符号,因此需要确定该要素实例的方向属性,根据方向得到对应地图符号模板的旋转变换参数值。For a point-like geographical feature instance with direction (such as a cave dwelling), the result of symbolization should be a directed point symbol, so it is necessary to determine the direction attribute of the feature instance, and obtain the rotation transformation parameter value of the corresponding map symbol template according to the direction.

对于水系要素中的常年河要素类,符号化的理想结果是不同河流在长度和级别上的差异形象地表达出来,因此需要确定该类地理要素实例的长度、等级及其所属的上下游、主支流关系。根据要素实例的这些属性值来设置地图符号模板的折线宽度渐变变换参数,即可确定相应地图符号实例的起始绘制宽度和终止绘制宽度。For the perennial river element class in the water system element, the ideal result of symbolization is to express the difference in length and level of different rivers visually. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the length, level, and upstream and downstream, main tributary relationship. By setting the polyline width gradient transformation parameters of the map symbol template according to these attribute values of the feature instance, the starting drawing width and ending drawing width of the corresponding map symbol instance can be determined.

对于用虚线符号表达的地理要素实例,符号化的理想结果是在符号相交处是实部绘制,让读图者能够清晰地辨别交点的位置以及虚线符号的走向。因此根据地理要素实例的长度与虚线符号的重复基本图元长度求余的值来设置该要素实例对应的地图符号模板的相位变换参数。表达虚线符号的重复基本图元一般为长度较小的折线。For geographical feature instances represented by dotted-line symbols, the ideal result of symbolization is to draw the real part at the intersection of the symbols, so that map readers can clearly identify the position of the intersection point and the direction of the dotted-line symbol. Therefore, according to the value of the remainder of the length of the geographical element instance and the length of the repeated basic primitive of the dotted line symbol, the phase transformation parameters of the map symbol template corresponding to the element instance are set. The repeated basic primitives expressing dashed line symbols are generally polylines with a small length.

步骤3,按照步骤2中计算得到的映射参数值将地图符号模板映射为适应地理要素实例特征和关系表达的地图符号实例。Step 3, according to the mapping parameter values calculated in step 2, the map symbol template is mapped to a map symbol instance that adapts to the characteristics of the geographical feature instance and the expression of the relationship.

此步骤依据步骤1建立的映射模型,只需带入步骤2得到的映射参数值,即可得到确定的映射关系,得到适应地理要素实例特征和关系表达的地图符号实例。具体实施与步骤2相应:In this step, based on the mapping model established in step 1, only the mapping parameter values obtained in step 2 need to be brought in to obtain a definite mapping relationship and a map symbol instance that adapts to the characteristics of geographical element instances and the relationship expression. The specific implementation corresponds to step 2:

对于具有方向的点状地理要素实例(如窑洞),根据旋转变换参数值将地图符号模板进行旋转变换,得到表达对应有向点符号的地图符号实例。For a point-like geographical element instance with direction (such as a cave dwelling), the map symbol template is rotated and transformed according to the value of the rotation transformation parameter to obtain a map symbol instance expressing the corresponding directional point symbol.

对于水系要素中的常年河要素类,根据折线宽度渐变变换参数值将地图符号模板进行宽度缩放变换,得到表达对应渐变线状符号的地图符号实例。实质上就是通过折线宽度渐变变换参数值得到对于渐变线状符号的起始宽度和终止宽度。For the perennial river feature class in the water system elements, the map symbol template is scaled and transformed according to the polyline width gradient transformation parameter value, and the map symbol instance expressing the corresponding gradient linear symbol is obtained. In essence, the start width and end width of the gradient line symbol are obtained by changing the parameter value of the polyline width gradient.

对于用虚线符号表达的地理要素实例,根据相位变换参数值对地图符号模板中表达虚线符号的重复基本图元进行相位变化,使得沿中心线方向配置的重复基本图元在首末端点处是实部绘制。For the instance of geographic elements represented by dotted line symbols, the phase change of the repeated basic primitives expressing dotted line symbols in the map symbol template is carried out according to the phase transformation parameter value, so that the repeated basic primitives configured along the central line are real at the first and last points. department drawing.

步骤4,按照地图符号实例符号化地理要素实例。Step 4: Symbolize geographic feature instances according to map symbol instances.

本发明提供的地理要素实例符号化方法可以结合现有地理信息系统软件,采用计算机实现自适应地理要素实例级符号化,具体实施时可以通过软件设置通过以下步骤实现:The geographic element instance symbolization method provided by the present invention can be combined with the existing geographic information system software, and a computer can be used to realize the adaptive geographic element instance-level symbolization. During specific implementation, it can be realized through the following steps through software settings:

(1)在计算机系统中设置地图符号库模块,在地图符号库中建立地图符号模板,地图符号模板由基本图元类型以及配置参数组成。(1) A map symbol library module is set in the computer system, and a map symbol template is established in the map symbol library. The map symbol template is composed of basic primitive types and configuration parameters.

然后,在计算机中以对照表的形式建立地图符号模板与地理要素类之间的对应关系,将地理要素类的编码与地图符号模板的编码一一对应存储到数据库中。由此提供映射模型的基础。Then, establish the corresponding relationship between the map symbol template and the geographic feature class in the form of a comparison table in the computer, and store the codes of the geographic feature class and the map symbol template in a one-to-one correspondence in the database. This provides the basis for the mapping model.

(2)在计算机系统中依次遍历每个图层中的所有地理要素个体实例,根据该实例的属性来确定地图符号模板的映射变换参数值,具体操作举例如:根据定向点或者方向线的方向属性来确定地图符号模板的旋转变换参数值;根据水系要素实例的长度和级别来确定地图符号模板的折线宽度渐变变换参数(折线起始宽度和终止宽度);根据用虚线表示的道路要素实例的长度与虚线符号中重复基木图元的比值来确定地图符号模板的相位变换参数值。(2) In the computer system, traverse all the individual instances of geographic elements in each layer in turn, and determine the mapping transformation parameter value of the map symbol template according to the attributes of the instance, for example, according to the direction of the directional point or the direction line attribute to determine the rotation transformation parameter value of the map symbol template; determine the polyline width gradient transformation parameters (polyline start width and end width) of the map symbol template according to the length and level of the water element instance; according to the road element instance represented by a dotted line The ratio of the length to the repeated primitives in the dotted symbol determines the phase transformation parameter value of the map symbol template.

(3)在计算机系统中将这些映射变换参数作用到地图符号模板上,从而得到能够适应当前地理要素实例表达的地图符号实例。具体表现可以是根据映射变化参数调整地图符号模版中的基本图元的几何参数和配置参数。具体操作举例如:将表达有向点符号的图元(点或折线)坐标值通过旋转变换得到地图符号实例的图元坐标值(参见图2);将表达水系要素符号的图元(折线)端点宽度设置为折线宽度渐变变换得到的起始宽度和终止宽度(参见图3);将表达交通要素符号的重复基本图元(用于组成虚线符号的长度较段的折线)按照相位变换参数进行周期性的移动(参见图4)。图2~4中箭头表示转换。(3) Apply these mapping transformation parameters to the map symbol template in the computer system, so as to obtain the map symbol instance that can adapt to the expression of the current geographical element instance. The specific performance may be to adjust the geometric parameters and configuration parameters of the basic primitives in the map symbol template according to the mapping change parameters. Examples of specific operations: transform the coordinate values of the primitives (points or polylines) expressing directed point symbols to obtain the primitive coordinates of map symbol instances (see Figure 2); convert the primitives (polylines) expressing symbols of water system The endpoint width is set to the start width and end width obtained by the gradient transformation of the polyline width (see Figure 3); the repeated basic primitives expressing the symbols of the traffic elements (the polylines with a relatively long length used to form the dotted line symbol) are carried out according to the phase transformation parameters Periodic movement (see Figure 4). Arrows in Figures 2 to 4 indicate transitions.

(5)使用地图符号库系统中的符号化功能将当前的地理要素实例按照符号实例进行符号化绘制。(5) Use the symbolization function in the map symbol library system to symbolize and draw the current geographic element instance according to the symbol instance.

由于在目前的地理信息系统软件中,可视化功能都还只是简单的符号化,难以表现出地理要素个体实例的特征以及相互的关系,降低了地理信息可视化的信息传输的质量和效果。因此本发明建立起地图符号的映射模型后,充分考虑了地理要素个体实例的特征,可以通过映射模型来计算出能够表现这种实例特征的符号实例,从而增强地理信息可视化的功能,充分体现出地理信息在制图区域的整体的结构化特征。Because in the current geographic information system software, the visualization function is only a simple symbolization, it is difficult to show the characteristics of the individual instances of geographic elements and their relationship, which reduces the quality and effect of information transmission of geographic information visualization. Therefore, after the present invention establishes the mapping model of map symbols, it fully considers the characteristics of individual instances of geographical elements, and can calculate symbol instances that can express the characteristics of such instances through the mapping model, thereby enhancing the visualization function of geographic information and fully reflecting The overall structural character of geographic information in a cartographic area.

参见图5~7,为了便于形象理解本发明所提供自适应要素实例级的符号化的效果,本发明提供了实施例的伏流河出入口、常年单线河、虚线道路的自适应地理要素实例级的符号化结果。可以清晰的看到,这些计算机自适应绘制的结果,充分完成了相应地理信息的地图化表达任务,符合地理信息领域数字化需要。Referring to Figures 5 to 7, in order to facilitate the visual understanding of the symbolic effect of the instance-level adaptive elements provided by the present invention, the present invention provides instance-level examples of the self-adaptive geographical elements of the entrance and exit of the underground river, the perennial single-line river, and the dotted road in the embodiment. Symbolize the result. It can be clearly seen that the results of these computer adaptive renderings have fully completed the task of map expression of corresponding geographic information, which meets the needs of digitalization in the field of geographic information.

Claims (5)

1.一种地理要素实例符号化方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:1. A geographical element instance symbolization method is characterized in that comprising the following steps: 步骤1,定义地图符号模板,地图符号模板由基本图元类型及其配置参数组成,建立地图符号模板到地图符号实例的映射模型,映射模型的映射关系由映射方式和相应映射参数表达;Step 1. Define map symbol templates. Map symbol templates are composed of basic primitive types and their configuration parameters. A mapping model from map symbol templates to map symbol instances is established. The mapping relationship of the mapping model is expressed by the mapping method and corresponding mapping parameters; 步骤2,对地理要素类的所有地理要素实例进行分析,根据每个地理要素实例的特征及其与其它地理要素实例的关系确定其对应映射参数值;Step 2, analyze all geographic feature instances of the geographic feature class, and determine its corresponding mapping parameter value according to the characteristics of each geographic feature instance and its relationship with other geographic feature instances; 步骤3,按照步骤2中计算得到的映射参数值将地图符号模板映射为适应地理要素实例特征和关系表达的地图符号实例。Step 3, according to the mapping parameter values calculated in step 2, the map symbol template is mapped to a map symbol instance that adapts to the characteristics of the geographical feature instance and the expression of the relationship. 步骤4,按照地图符号实例符号化地理要素实例。Step 4: Symbolize geographic feature instances according to map symbol instances. 2.根据权利要求1所述的地理要素实例符号化方法,其特征在于:基本图元类型包括椭圆、圆弧、扇形、三角形、矩形、折线和多边形,配置参数包括重复配置、定点配置、可否变形和可否伸长。2. The method for symbolizing geographical element instances according to claim 1, characterized in that: the basic primitive types include ellipses, arcs, sectors, triangles, rectangles, polylines and polygons, and the configuration parameters include repeated configurations, fixed-point configurations, possible deformation and elongation. 3.根据权利要求1或2所述的地理要素实例符号化方法,其特征在于:所述映射方式包括平移变换、缩放变换、旋转变换、错切变换、相位变换和折线宽度渐变变换。3. The method for symbolizing geographic element instances according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mapping methods include translation transformation, scaling transformation, rotation transformation, miscut transformation, phase transformation and polyline width gradient transformation. 4.根据权利要求3所述的地理要素实例符号化方法,其特征在于:在步骤2中,对于具有方向的点状地理要素实例,确定该要素实例的方向,根据方向来设置对应地图符号模板的旋转变换参数值;4. The geographical element instance symbolization method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in step 2, for the point-shaped geographic element instance with direction, determine the direction of the element instance, and set the corresponding map symbol template according to the direction The rotation transformation parameter value of ; 对于水系要素中的常年河要素类,确定该类要素实例的长度、等级及其所属的上下游、主支流关系,根据这些属性值设置对应地图符号模板的折线宽度渐变变换参数值;For the perennial river element class in the water system element, determine the length, grade, and upstream, downstream, and main tributary relationship of the element instance of this type, and set the polyline width gradient transformation parameter value of the corresponding map symbol template according to these attribute values; 对于用虚线符号表达的地理要素实例,根据地理要素实例的长度与虚线符号的重复基本图元长度求余的值来设置对应地图符号模板的相位变换参数值。For geographical feature instances represented by dotted line symbols, set the phase transformation parameter value of the corresponding map symbol template according to the value of the remainder of the length of the geographical feature instance and the length of the repeated basic primitive of the dotted line symbol. 5.根据权利要求4所述的地理要素实例符号化方法,其特征在于:在步骤3中,对于具有方向的点状地理要素实例,根据旋转变换参数值将地图符号模板进行旋转变换,得到表达对应有向点符号的地图符号实例;5. The method for symbolizing geographic feature instances according to claim 4, characterized in that: in step 3, for point-like geographic feature instances with directions, the map symbol template is rotated and transformed according to the rotation transformation parameter value to obtain expression A map symbol instance corresponding to a directed point symbol; 对于水系要素中的常年河要素类,根据折线宽度渐变变换参数值将地图符号模板进行宽度缩放变换,得到表达对应渐变线状符号的地图符号实例;For the perennial river feature class in the water system elements, the map symbol template is subjected to width scaling transformation according to the polyline width gradient transformation parameter value, and the map symbol instance expressing the corresponding gradient linear symbol is obtained; 对于用虚线符号表达的地理要素实例,根据相位变换参数值对地图符号模板中表达虚线符号的重复基本图元进行相位变化,使得沿中心线方向配置的重复基本图元在首末端点处是实部绘制。For the instance of geographic elements represented by dotted line symbols, the phase change of the repeated basic primitives expressing dotted line symbols in the map symbol template is carried out according to the phase transformation parameter value, so that the repeated basic primitives configured along the central line are real at the first and last points. department drawing.
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