CN1012804B - Milling cutter for variable-pitch band saw blade and making method thereof - Google Patents
Milling cutter for variable-pitch band saw blade and making method thereofInfo
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- CN1012804B CN1012804B CN 88105092 CN88105092A CN1012804B CN 1012804 B CN1012804 B CN 1012804B CN 88105092 CN88105092 CN 88105092 CN 88105092 A CN88105092 A CN 88105092A CN 1012804 B CN1012804 B CN 1012804B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a milling cutter with variable tooth pitches, and a manufacturing method of the milling cutter with variable tooth pitches. Most of the milling cutters with variable tooth pitches present a tapered shape; a milling cutter with variable tooth pitches is provided with a spiral cutter groove with identical leads, variable spiral angles and different depths, and has tooth pitches and tooth depths which are periodically changed according to a certain rule. An annular tooth relieving method or a spiral tooth relieving method are used for relieving teeth, namely that special indexing mechanisms are respectively installed on different positions to control quantitative cycle indexing, variable tooth pitch indexing or variation indexing of different thread pitches; meanwhile, a calculation method is additionally used for operating a machine tool to carry out circumferential equal indexing for a cutter hand wheel or a motor hand wheel. A movable tail seat or a copying tool post is used for relieving teeth, wherein the moving tracks of the spiral tooth relieving method are synthesized by spiral movements and oblique tooth relieving operation.
Description
The present invention relates to become tooth pitch milling cutter and manufacture method thereof.
At present, become the domestic no production of tooth pitch milling cutter, foreign data is not seen the record of relevant manufacture method yet.
The objective of the invention is to design the method that becomes the tooth pitch milling cutter with existing lathe manufacturing.
The structure of milling cutter for variable-pitch band saw blade: the positive rake angle γ that the milling cutter for variable-pitch band saw blade (hereinafter to be referred as milling cutter) that processing variable-pitch band saw blade (hereinafter to be referred as saw blade) uses is generally taper, sawtooth equals the semi-cone angle α (Fig. 1) of milling cutter, the staggered cutter tooth of milling cutter conical surface has and does not wait tooth pitch and do not wait tooth depth, the tooth pitch Changing Pattern is by segmentation arithmetic series periodic cycle, milling cutter cutter groove does not wait dark helicla flute (Fig. 2) for becoming helical angle: in the displacement Cycle Length, can comprise five, seven or nine cutters tooth.The cutter tooth of all axial distribution, its geometric angle is all unequal, and milling cutter tooth top line is that element of cone is actually a broken line.The central angle of the corresponding milling cutter of big small end cutter well width should equate, so outer slot width is greater than inner slot width.Helical pitch T should get higher value, to reduce because of becoming the difference that helical angle causes that two ends cutter tooth geometric angle occurs.Milling cutter has cutting, staggered cutter tooth at interval, and promptly the cutter tooth on the adjacent cutter groove of milling cutter is not arranged on the same circumference, and the front and back of arbitrary sawtooth of saw blade all is (Fig. 7) that cutting at interval forms like this, thereby obtains sharp chisel edge.The number of teeth on the same circumference of milling cutter is not equal to cutter groove number, be generally its 1/2 or 1/3.Simultaneously, milling cutter cutter tooth height is greater than the sawtooth height of saw blade.The milling cutter width is a certain multiple of displacement Cycle Length and adds a head end tooth pitch, making the milling cutter two ends is tooth of the same name, when the milling saw blade is gone here and there cutter at every turn, serrated slot of Repeated Cutting all, to be connected continuously behind the assurance string cutter, like this, milling cutter does not hold cutter tooth shape to be revised, and leaves certain surplus when going here and there the cutter Repeated Cutting to give.When the milling cutter width is determined according to Cycle Length, also to consider appropriate draw ratio, will be when wide or narrow to bringing harmful effect on heat treatment and the cutting ability.The tooth pitch specification is according to being determined by the different of the material of sawing, sectional dimension and shape.At present, variable-pitch band saw blade does not still have standardization, can and wait the tooth pitch GB with reference to the serial size of external English system, drafts standard, strides the parameter and standard of seven displacement cutters tooth as the cycle and intends following table: (seeing literary composition back table)
Become the manufacturing of tooth pitch milling cutter: during processing cutter groove, with the change tooth pitch end mill body of taper, as imaginary cylinder.The axial line level is installed, on universal milling machine, will become the tooth pitch end mill body process several etc. helical pitch change helical angle do not wait dark spiral cutter groove.Teeth is the key problem in technology of milling cutter, in order to reduce the backing-off cutting surplus, can bad car of milling cutter hair gone out equidistant dentation ring slot on relieving lathe with indexing mechanism shown in Figure 11 before the teeth.During formal teeth, the relative motion of perching knife and workpiece must guarantee the accuracy of the Changing Pattern and the circumference calibration of tooth pitch.Otherwise when making saw blade with this milling cutter, the saw blade tooth top is not point-blank.The present invention provides two kinds of teeth methods, promptly annular teeth method and spiral teeth method.
A. annular teeth method annular teeth method perching knife relative workpiece in backing-off cutting is made circular motion.The control system that becomes tooth pitch will periodically realize becoming indexing means (Figure 10 of tooth pitch, Figure 11) be installed on the original position of gear milling lathe ring screw indexing means, and index dial 1 fixed at circumferencial direction, the circumference calibration of control equivalent and the tooth pitch calibration of variation: dividing arm rotates a week relative to index dial, just control a displacement Cycle Length, the equidistant cutters tooth of in displacement cycle all must be finished calibration rotating in the week relative to index dial, the Changing Pattern of tooth pitch is guaranteed by index dial, the locating hole (in Figure 12 1-7) identical with the cutter tooth number of displacement in the cycle arranged on the index dial, and pitch-row is according to the design of the tooth pitch of different parameters.Like this, alignment pin rotates a pitch-row relative to index dial, then controls a certain tooth pitch.The central angle of each pitch-row correspondence:
θ
1-2＝360°（h
1/t）（db/ca）（f/e）
θ
2-3＝360°（h
2/t）（db/ca）（f/e）
θ
n-1＝360°（h
n/t）（db/ca）（f/e）
And have: ∑ θ
I-(i+1)=360 °
θ wherein
N-1-Di n cutter tooth when No. 1 teeth evolution, the relative rotation of index dial, this moment perching knife move a certain tooth pitch h
n
h
nThe tooth pitch of-Di n to 1 cutter tooth
The gearratio inverse of db/ca-tooth pitch change gear
F/e-tooth pitch change gear is fixed than gear ratio inverse (C8955 type gear milling lathe does not have f/e) like this to leading screw, and the cycle calibration of tooth of the same name makes dividing arm rotate a week relative to index dial when teeth, and rotates a certain pitch-row central angle with the conversion of different tooth pitches in the cycle.The conversion of teeth position also must be aided with the cam differential motion, with the reciprocating motion that guarantees perching knife be not damaged by the relative position of perching knife tooth.When being the teeth evolution, the additional rotation of relieving cam realizes by differential hanging gear.When a cutter groove helical pitch T was moved in the teeth position, cam was answered additional rotation ± Z
1Change.Because of the branch that the cutter groove revolves about having, row is not about having during the teeth evolution, is in the same way "-", and incorgruous is "+", and promptly the dextrorotation right lateral is "-", and the dextrorotation left lateral is "+", and the selection of left lateral or right lateral need consider to eliminate the influence in feed screw nut gap.Z
1Be the cutter tooth number of teeth on the same circumference, because of cutting Z at interval
1Value also is not equal to the cutter groove and counts Z, be generally its 1/2 or 1/3.During the conversion of annular teeth method teeth, use indexing means (Figure 10,11) also must make workpiece circumference calibration when carrying out the tooth pitch calibration, when the different name dental transition is for backing-off cutting in the teeth process, when carrying out the tooth pitch calibration, also need workpiece to be carried out the circumference calibration, be by gear milling lathe main shaft to the moving equilibrium formula of tool setting hand wheel shaft with the tool setting handwheel of computing method by gear milling lathe:
（2n+1/Z
1）·u＝N
For example: the C8955 relieving lathe, the tool setting handwheel to be pulled out, Z55 and Z54 gear break away from engagement, have disconnected the calibration driving-chain, and main shaft is to the moving equilibrium formula of tool setting handwheel:
（1/Z
1）（80/20）（104/20）（65/50）（50/39）＝N
Here to obtain probably be irrational number to N, in order to guarantee indexing accuracy, requires N to become integer, so above-mentioned equilibrium equation is become:
（2n+1/Z
1）（80/20）（104/20）（65/50）（50/39）＝N （n＝0、1、2…）
Like this, can reach circumference calibration purpose equally, for example the cutter groove is counted Z=16, Z
1=8, work as 2n+1/Z
1=1/16 o'clock, N=13/6 was difficult to control.And when getting 2n+1/Z
1=3/16(n=1) time, N=5 in other words, during the circumference calibration, pulls out the tool setting handwheel just, rotates 5 complete cycles, and handwheel still keeps Z50 and Z54 gear engagement position constant when restoring.When if handwheel restores, apical tooth takes place, handwheel activity in (1/50 changes) among a small circle can be made its engagement, must not side set.Other is noted that, before the milling cutter teeth, adjusts cutter position, and tool setting once more in whole teeth process.Secondly when circumference calibration handwheel is pulled out, do not carry out the tooth pitch calibration simultaneously.
The lathe adjustment of annular teeth method is calculated: whether annular teeth method can select for use mobile tailstock or imitative type knife rest to carry out teeth by milling cutter cone angle size and handiness.Mobile tailstock method: be that (Fig. 4) moved after relatively in big end, make the outboard cone bus parallel with machine tool guideway, tailstock moves the α apart from H=Ltg, and the installation of backed-off cutter should remain with the milling cutter axial line perpendicular.The selection of cam and the tiltedly calculating at shovel angle: establish tooth top back-off amount K
1, K
1=(π D
Cp/ Z
1) tg α.
D
Cp-average diameter
Z1-with on-the circumference by the perching knife tooth number of teeth
Because substitution Z in the following formula
1Then shovel mutually every tooth, then must increase when selecting cam K, consider simultaneously to form angle, rear flank α ' on straight sword, the shovel movable knife rack need be moved an oblique shovel angle τ
1, tg τ
1=tg α
1/ tg α
0Wherein: α
0-tooth tip metafacial angle; K
τ=K
1/ cos τ; K
τ-oblique back-off amount.Selection lathe cam K value should be according to K
τChoose, as K
τExceed the K in the standard cams
MxThen need redesign cam, for making Process for Cam Contour's Size not exceed the size limit of its installation, and because of every the tooth backing-off cutting not all lifting curve create, the cam curve at empty tooth position changes circular arc into, arc radius should make perching knife withdraw from surface of the work, and working curve and backhaul curve 1/2 or the 1/3(that account for a circumference altogether accounts for 180 ° every a tooth backing-off cutting like this, and the backing-off cutting of next but two tooth accounts for 120 °).The backhaul curve is 1/3 of a working curve arc length.As shown in figure 13, be the cam curve of the tooth backing-off cutting in interval, working curve is Archimedes's helical line, and the backhaul curve can replace with slick and sly camber line.The working curve equation:
ρ＝R-（θ-γ/180°）（K
τ/2）＝R-（θ-γ/360°）K
Shovel the corner of removing of movable knife rack traffic cycle: because mobile tailstock clamping workpiece (Fig. 4), and consider tiltedly shovel angle, traffic cycle should be removed commentaries on classics λ angle counterclockwise:
λ=α+τ
1; The d-semi-cone angle; τ-tiltedly shovel angle;
Wherein α and τ
1Directionality is all arranged, judge according to milling cutter construction and installation direction.The mini-roundabout of shovel movable knife rack also rotates the λ angle with traffic cycle, keeps vertical milling cutter axial line in order to make perching knife, and mini-roundabout returns τ again on traffic cycle
1The angle.For cutter groove helical angle and all less milling cutter of tooth pitch period of change, the backing-off cutting simultaneously of available two perching knives, one perching knife shovel straight flange, a perching knife shovel hypotenuse (Fig. 5), two perching knives middle part is horizontal overstates one-period length, so during the tooth pitch conversion, the relative position of two cuttves is constant all the time.Adjusting the position can be fixed together.Because milling cutter cutter groove is a helix,, the height of two cuttves and radial position determine so should calculating according to the milling cutter construction size.When perching knife is installed, should guarantee the accurate position of oblique sword perching knife, and contour with the milling cutter center line.With annular teeth method, mobile tailstock clamping work teeth when adjusting lathe, is all determined change gear with the length on the element of cone.Remove lathe main motion driving-chain, divide tooth motion transmission chain, outside the differential gearing chain is adjusted, also need adjust and calculate the tooth pitch change gear, promptly cut off the pitch driving-chain, dividing arm axle and leading screw be linked up with the tooth pitch change gear, satisfy the dividing arm knife rest that rotates a circle and move a displacement Cycle Length L
l（ac/bd）t＝L
So (ac/bd)=and 1/t, t-leading screw pitch
After lathe is adjusted, Figure 10,11 indexing mechanism are contained on the former dividing arm axle, and alignment pin inserts in the locating hole identical with milling cutter end tooth (cutter tooth that shovels earlier) sequence number, shovels out on the circumference behind the cutter tooth, for this sequence number tooth on the milling cutter has all been shoveled, dividing arm rotates a week, and perching knife moves one-period length, meanwhile, carry out the circumference calibration one time, just can shovel out second this sequence number cutter tooth of circle ..., treat that wide this sequence number tooth of going up of cutter has all shoveled, withdrawing arrives home position.During shovel Next Sequence cutter tooth, at first pull out alignment pin and rotate a pitch-row, fall in next sequence number locating hole, whether need the circumference calibration in the time of the displacement calibration, see that whether last sequence number last lap cutter tooth coexists on the cutter groove with next sequence number sword tooth.Repeat said process and shovel out the whole cutters tooth of milling cutter by that analogy.Shovel out at last the tooth top circular arc.
Secondly, use the annular teeth method of copying tool post; During the milling cutter teeth of or inapplicable mobile tailstock bigger for cone angle, can utilize annex one copying tool post on the relieving lathe to assist teeth, the pattern chi gradient on the copying tool post equals the semi-cone angle of milling cutter, and traffic cycle is only moved an oblique shovel angle τ who forms the angle, rear flank
1, perching knife keeps vertical milling cutter axial line.The adjustment of lathe is calculated, and as differential hanging gear, the tooth pitch change gear all calculates configuration with the axial dimension of milling cutter.
Annular teeth method, technology is more suitable, and is comparatively convenient to the coarse pitch blade milling cutter.But annular teeth method easily causes pitch error.The bands for band pitch error does not influence use though the change tooth is crouched, and key is that cutting at interval forms sawtooth at dried milling cutter, and the pitch error of milling cutter will influence the linearity of saw blade tooth top, as Fig. 6.The source of pitch error mainly is the influence of drive gap, and relieving lathe work in-process vibratory impulse is bigger, although operating process with the feed screw nut clearance control in non-stress one side, or its error of small tool drift jam-pack is also unavoidable.Another reason is the error that low speed motion stability one is creeped and caused, in order to remedy these drawbacks, carries out the essence shovel of once little surplus at last.In order to overcome pitch error, for the manufacturing of serration saw blade milling cutter, can adopt spiral teeth method especially.
B. to revolve the teeth method be that perching knife is for the helical movement along the conical surface to spiral teeth triton, several groups by some different tooth pitches, the helix that identical helical pitch is formed bunch, the helical pitch cutter groove helixes such as Z bar of planting the distribution of circumference equal portions with other intersect, form the cutting edge of milling cutter, the trochoid spiral movement locus, the result that the moving point of system rotates and moves as parallel axis line along the conical surface around axial line, moving point rotates a circle along the conical surface, move apart from projection and be helical pitch at axial line, if moving some angular velocity of rotation is ω, the speed that moves as parallel axis line along the conical surface is ν, and they all are functions of time, and angular speed and velocity vector are constant.dθ/dt＝ω（t）;dh/dt＝ν（t）
If ρ=ν/ω=const; Dh=pd θ p=h/ θ
If a certain cutter tooth helix and milling cutter cutter groove helix are same starting point, set up following simultaneous equations (Figure 15) when intersecting for the second time:
h＝Tθ/2πcosα （1）
h＝（S/2π）（2π±θ） （2）
The h-intersection point is at the lift on the element of cone (intersection point must on pitch line)
The T-cutter groove lead of helix
The helical pitch value of S-cutter tooth helix on element of cone
The relative rotation (Figure 15) at θ-cutter groove helix intersection point place
(2) sign in the formula, cutter groove helix is all "+" mutually with the rotation direction of cutter tooth helix, is "-" on the contrary.
The tool setting Tooth spiral, h=Z '
1L
5, Z '
1-along the number of teeth in helical pitch on the cutter tooth helix.The tooth pitch (equal Cycle Length) of adjacent cutter tooth on generatrix direction on the L-cutter tooth helix.(1), (2) formula simultaneous solution:
θ＝（2πLZi/T）cosα （3）
S＝TLZ′
1/T±LZ′
1cosα （4）
(4) formula explanation, each not equidistant tooth of the same name all can be linked to be the helix that constant lead is arranged on the conical surface.For the side that makes the milling cutter cutter tooth forms the angle, rear flank, also need form a synthetic teeth movement locus with oblique shovel method.In fact distribute by tooth of the same name on the conical surface and can find different rotation directions, the helix of different lead.For easy to process, to select its helical pitch value reckling be advisable (be "+" in rotation direction identical (4) formula of cutter groove and cutter tooth helix, otherwise be "-").So it is identical generally to get the hand of spiral of two kinds of helicals, like this, during teeth, can make oblique shovel angle little.Embodiment: " 4/6tpi " milling cutter, by its cutter tooth regularity of distribution, the tooth of the same name of different cycles can be linked to be helix as Figure 23, circumferencial direction is crossed over two cutters tooth (as No. 7 teeth), and the adjacent teeth distance is L, the circumference tooth number Z
1=16/3, can get 8 helixes again on each circumference.7 kinds of pitch cutters tooth were arranged in the same again cycle, so whole conical surface, distributing differs from 56 starting point differences, the cutter tooth helix that the pitch cycle changes, and the wherein part of only drawing among Figure 23, the helical pitch S of cutter tooth helix is calculated by (4) formula:
Along generatrix direction: S=TLZ
' '/ T+LZ '
1Cos α=(3175 * 16/3 * 36.799)/(3175+16/3 * 36.799cos8
5)=184.94mm
Axial helical pitch: S
Axle=S * cos α=183.14mm, P=(S/2 π) 29.4342mm
Along cutter groove helix, when lift is L, by (3) formula:
θ＝（2πL/T）cosα＝（2π×36.799/3175）cos8
c＝0.072115rad
The pitch calibration of spiral teeth method and circumference calibration spiral teeth method are to having the screw thread driving-chain in the lathe transmission, configuration pitch change gear, calibration zygote on the lathe can't be realized the varying pitch calibration, is installed on the calibration zygote position so designed special-purpose indexing means (Figure 16,17).It is by index dial seat 1, and index dial 2 alignment pins 3 or 3 are formed, and when alignment pin was thrown off, the motor handwheel was handled index dial seat 1 and rotated the integer revolution, control main shaft circumference calibration.Handle gear milling lathe leading screw square toes, can cause index dial 2 to rotate, control the pitch calibration of different cutter tooth helixes.Distributing on the index dial 2 and the same number of locating hole of displacement cutter tooth, both sequence number correspondences are by the value size of alignment pin and locating hole pitch-row control pitch calibration.The effect of two alignment pins is because of the pitch-row cause of very little index hole is at interval arranged on the index dial.Each sequence number locating hole is located by two alignment pins that differ 30 ° respectively by its label.Extract alignment pin during calibration, cut off the pitch driving-chain, the rotational lead screw square toes, when making knife rest move certain pitch, pass to db/ca pitch change gear, make index dial rotate a corresponding pitch-row central angle through leading screw, alignment pin falls into next locating hole, promptly finishes the calibration of certain pitch.Embodiment: a point is No. 7 Tooth spiral starting points of 4/6tpi milling cutter among Figure 14, and b is No. 2 Tooth spiral starting points, and the tooth pitch of two cutters tooth is h
7+ h
1, during the design index dial, pitch-row is to calculate according to the pitch h of two helixes on element of cone.As, h
7-2=h
7+ h
1-△
7-2△
7-2=(((the h of θ/L)
1+ h
7)) P
θ＝2π/T× 1cosα P＝S/2n
△ 7-2=(S/ τ) (h
1+ h
7) cos α index dial pitch-row; θ
7-2=360 ° of (h
7-2Db/tca) (deg), t-leading screw pitch wherein; The inverse of db/ca-pitch change gear.
And have: ∑ θ i=n * 360 °
This indexing means, the conversion of property performance period pitch calibration, to obtain becoming the milling cutter of tooth pitch, its advantage is simple in structure, convenient disassembly, and behind the calibration, the teeth process realizes becoming tooth pitch under the machine tool motion state, thereby the influence that the gap of driving member and lathe transmission are creeped is inhibited, so can obtain higher tooth pitch precision.
The circumference calibration; The cutter tooth helix on milling cutter surface is that equal portions distribute to the helix of the tooth of the same name of same circumference starting point, spiral cutter teeth of every processing, and main shaft should rotate 1/Z
1, Z
1Number for tooth of the same name on the same circumference.But, not to be damaged in order to guarantee the pitch calibration, when requiring a circumference calibration, the index dial seat must rotate the integer number of turns.Make that alignment pin fixes in the locating hole of same sequence number before and after the circumference calibration, like this, in order to satisfy above-mentioned requirements, the main shaft amount of spin is by 1/Z during with each circumference calibration
1Become 2n+1/Z
1, be convenient to select.In addition, during because of the circumference calibration, handle by the motor handwheel, main shaft to the calibration driving-chain between camshaft does not disconnect, so the main shaft amount of spin must guarantee to move back and forth synchronously with knife rest during the circumference calibration, promptly every circumference calibration is once the time, and cam should rotate the integer revolution.As: Z
1=3, and cam is when whenever circling, main shaft rotates 3/16, when so whenever carrying out a circumference calibration, selects main shaft to rotate 3/8 and changes.Promptly extracting alignment pin from position, indexing means sequence number hole, use motor handwheel rotating spindle to pass to index dial seat commentaries on classics n commentaries on classics by enlarging mechanism again simultaneously, is integer for making n, and Z should be the sub-factor that lathe enlarges the pitch multiple during design milling cutter.When pitch enlarges 16 times, n=6
The lathe adjustment of spiral teeth method is calculated, and spiral teeth method also is divided into mobile tailstock method and adopts the copying tool post method.Calculate with the adjustment of mobile tailstock method explanation lathe below.
Cam and the tiltedly calculating at shovel angle: with " 4/6tpi " milling cutter is example, tooth back-off of the same name is to cross over two cutter tooth back-offs once from the visible same cutter tooth helix of fan out Figure 22, then cam back-off amount K should calculate by 3 times monodentate tooth top back-off amount, so the machine tool accessories cam is inapplicable, need the redesign cam.If monodentate back-off amount is K ', K '=π Dcp/Ztg α.K
1=3K ' should calculate oblique shovel angle τ for obtaining cam back-off amount, and wherein forming angle, oblique sword rear flank must have τ
2=arctg(L/K) forming, must there be τ at straight angle, sword rear flank
1=arctg(tg α
1/ tg α
0) then total oblique shovel angle should be: τ=τ
2-τ
1-α
1, cam back-off amount K=K '/cos τ Figure 21 is because of the K value is bigger, for reducing impact shock, cam curve is made shape shown in Figure 19, and the cd section is a working curve, and da is arc radiuses such as backhaul curve, ab Duan Wei, the bc section is to rise curve soon, and R is that lathe allows maximum radius, establishes H=R-r; H=(K
1/ 3)+h
1, h
1Be the corresponding cutter tooth degree of depth of maximum tooth distance, as shown in figure 20, when perching knife withdraws from surface of the work, perching knife do not interfered with the cutter tooth of crossing over.
Shovel the corner of removing of movable knife rack: shovel movable knife rack traffic cycle should rotate the τ angle, and mini-roundabout should make perching knife vertical with the workpiece axle center.
The adjustment of lathe is calculated: the index change gear adjustment is (to rotate 1/Z ' with every shovel one tooth of main shaft
1) time, knife rest moves back and forth once, its tooth number Z '
1It is the number of teeth in the cutter tooth lead of helix.The adjustment of differential hanging gear, when moving cutter groove helical pitch T with knife rest, cam additional rotation Z '
1Inferior.Because of with mobile tailstock method, so helical pitch T answers the helical pitch of substitution cone generatrices direction, T=T
Axle/ cos α, this external spiral teeth method should have the pitch driving-chain.Main shaft is whenever goed around, and knife rest moves the oblique helical pitch of a cutter groove helix.
The technical process of teeth: after lathe is adjusted, Figure 16,17 indexing means are installed on the former calibration zygote of the lathe position, the locating hole sequence number that alignment pin is aimed at should at first the cutter tooth sequence number of teeth be identical with the milling cutter edge.To the helix I-I → withdrawing → circumference calibration → shovel the II-II root Tooth spiral of the same name that at first shovels out the edge cutter tooth behind the good cutter ... until having shoveled this sequence number helix, withdrawing → pitch calibration, index dial rotates a tooth pitch (being handled by the leading screw square toes), repeat above-mentioned steps and carry out the teeth of next sequence number cutter tooth helix, repeat several times the teeth process again and shovel out all cutters tooth of milling cutter surface.
Advantage that the present techniques scheme is had or good effect milling cutter for variable-pitch band saw blade are a kind of complex cutting tool, the present domestic manufacturing of still not having.This milling cutter rack saw required precision is higher, when error appears in tooth pitch, will influence the uniformity of bands for band outside pitch line length.This technology provides a whole set of teeth technology and computing technique, particularly spiral teeth method can be eliminated total cumulative pitch error, provide a new approach for the essence shovel or to serration apart from becoming saw blade milling cutter back-off, custom-designed indexing means has circumference calibration and tooth pitch calibration dual-use function and follows back handling characteristics, and teeth obtains higher tooth pitch precision continuously.
With the variable-pitch band saw blade that this milling cutter is made, can reduce vibration during cutting metal and slacken noise, improve stock-removing efficiency, the damage that alleviates the cutting process sawtooth.Be not only applicable to the solid metal material, more effective to incising pipes section bar metal especially.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 milling cutter semi-cone angle and sawtooth anterior angle schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 milling cutter spiral cutter groove;
Fig. 3 milling cutter cutter groove physical dimension;
Fig. 4 moves the workpiece adjustment of tailstock method;
Fig. 5 double-pole backing-off cutting schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 " 4/6tpi " milling cutter tooth pitch size;
The axial, cross-sectional view of Fig. 7 " 4/6tpi " milling cutter;
Fig. 8,9 " 4/6tpi milling cutter " work sheet;
Figure 10,11,12 annular teeth method indexing means and index dials;
Figure 13 annular teeth method dedicated cam;
The pitch of Figure 14 " 4/6tpi milling cutter " is calculated schematic diagram;
The intersection point and the corner of Figure 15 taper seat helix;
Figure 16,17,18 spiral teeth method indexing means;
Figure 19 spiral teeth method dedicated cam;
The maximum tooth distance and the tooth depth schematic diagram of Figure 20 milling cutter;
Figure 21 back-off amount and oblique shovel angle schematic diagram;
Figure 22,23 " 4/6tpi " milling cutter cutter tooth regularity of distribution figure;
The annular teeth method of Figure 24-30 process chart;
Figure 31-37 spiral teeth method process chart.
Figure 38-40 " 2/3tpi ", " 4/6tpi " milling cutter sample
Embodiment: becoming the tooth pitch milling cutter with " 4/6tpi " made in Great Britain is example, determines its relevant dimensional parameters (Fig. 6,7,8,9); Milling cutter outside diameter φ 180mm, semi-cone angle α=8 °, profile angle is 48 °, cutter groove lead of screw T=3175mm, average helical angle ω
Cp=9 ° 10 ', cutter groove number Z=16 counts Z with the cutter tooth on the circumference
1=8; Tooth pitch excursion: h
1=5.765mm, h
2=4.66mm, h
3=4.293mm, h
4=4.539mm, h
5=5.397mm, h
6=5.704mm, h
7=6.440mm determines milling cutter width L(Fig. 8); Cycle Length l=h
1+ h
2+ h
3+ h
4+ h
5+ h
6+ h
7=36.799mm, L=[h
7+ 3L+1.2 * tg(48 °+8 °)-1.2tg8 °] cos8 °=117.29mm milling cutter average diameter D
Cp=180-2(L/2) tg8 °)=163.5mm; Back-off amount K=(π D
Cp/ Z
1Tg α., average diameter place tooth tip metafacial angle is just got α
0=10 °, K=5.66mm then, embodiment presses C8955 type relieving lathe selection standard cam back-off amount K=7, then actual α
0=arctg(7 * 16/163.5 π)=12 ° 8 '; Small end cutter groove depth H:H=K+h+r, K=7 presses Fig. 6, decides small end cutter tooth height h=3.1mm, bottom radius r ≌ π D/10Z=3(Fig. 3), h=h
0+ 1.2=4.3mm(Fig. 7), H=7+4.3+3=14.5mm then; Milling cutter average geometric angle:
Angle γ in face of the tooth tip
0=0, get cutter tooth straight sword rear flank angle α '=0.5 °-2 °, normal rake γ '=ω cp=9 ° 10 ', tiltedly on the sword normal relief angle by tg α
n=tg α
0Sin φ-tg α
1Cos, φ=90 °-56 °=34 °, then α
n=4 ° 27 ', normal rake tg γ
n=tg γ
1Cos(90+ β)=and tg9 ° 10 ' cos(90+56), γ
n=-7 ° 36 '; Become the tooth pitch cutter tooth in the regularity of distribution on the conical surface: the cutter tooth on the conical surface, guarantee to realize that the displacement requirement realizes cutting at interval again, the tooth of the same name that some will be arranged on each circumference, embodiment Figure 22 is this milling cutter conical surface expanded view, the seven kinds of different tooth pitches that the cycle that distributing changes and the cutter tooth of different tooth depths.Be distributed in the cutter tooth on the same cutter groove, be not to arrange in order, as being (6), (4), (2), (7), (5), (3), (1) on I-I cutter groove ... be (7), (5), (3), (1), (6), (4), (2) on II-II cutter groove ... cutter tooth cross arrangement that interlaces of the adjacent cutter groove of these two row, and repeat eight times on each comfortable circumference, rule forms the cutter tooth layout that becomes the tooth pitch milling cutter according to this.
" 4/6tpi " becomes the technical process (at C8955 type relieving lathe) of tooth pitch milling cutter annular teeth:
The selection of machining direction: this example is intended with mobile tailstock annular teeth method, the workpiece mounting means as shown in Figure 4, hypotenuse produces left horizontal component to knife rest during teeth, so the selection machining direction from left to right, the feed screw nut gap affects is controlled.
The selection of cam: tooth top back-off amount K
1=(π D
Cp/ Z
1) tg α
0=(n163.5/8) tg10 °=11.32, in order to obtain angle, the rear flank α ' on the straight sword, as get α '=1 °, then by
tgτ
1＝tgα
1/tgα
0
Try to achieve τ
1=5 ° 40 ', K
τ=K
1/ cos5 ° 40 '=11.375, C8955 type gear milling lathe choice criteria cam K=12.
Shovel movable knife rack traffic cycle is removed corner λ=α+τ counterclockwise
1=13 ° 40 ', the adjustment of lathe is calculated:
Get n=4.5-12rpm
People's degree change gear: Z
1=8
a
1C
1/b
1d
1＝3/40 Z
1＝30×80/80×50
Differential hanging gear: T=3175/cos8 °=3206.2
a
2c
2/ b
2d
2=76.2Z
1Idle wheel in the middle of/T=40 * 35/80 * 90(adds)
Tooth pitch change gear: C8955 type relieving lathe leading screw t=12.7, displacement cycle l=36.799mm
ac/bd＝L/t＝61×95/40×50
And Figure 10,11 indexing means are installed in the former dividing arm of lathe place, and handle rotates week control knife rest and moves l=36.799mm, and the teeth conversion of each tooth pitch is gone up locating hole control by index dial (Figure 12) in period of change.Because string cutter direction from left to right, go up the cutter tooth distribution sequence by cutter drawing (Figure 17) and be: (7) → (6) → (5) → (4) → (3) → (2) → (1) calculates the pitch-row of the corresponding index dial of each section tooth pitch.By θ i=360 ° (hi/t) (db/ca) (f/e); θ
7-6=360 ° of (5.704/12.7) (40 * 50/61 * 95) 1=55 ° 48 ' 10 ", θ in like manner
6-5=52 ° 47 ' 57 "; θ
5-4=44 ° of 24 ' 19 " θ
4-3=41 ° 59 ' 54 "; θ
3-2=45 ° of 35 ' 56 " θ
2-1=56 ° 23 ' 58 "; θ
1-7=63 ° 0 ' 18 ": the locating hole of index dial is arranged as shown in figure 12.Teeth process system formulates according to fan out figure (Figure 22), if replace with straight line the camber line of sector is approximate, then become process chart (Figure 24-30), the backing-off cutting of cutter tooth is (7) → (6) → (5) → (4) → (3) → (2) → (1) → (7) in proper order ... and the cutter tooth backing-off cutting process of each sequence number is: at first shovel the I-I circle tooth of the same name → cycle calibration, circumference calibration → shovel the II-II circle cutter tooth, and shovel out the III-III circle cutter tooth equally ... → withdrawing, (if shoveled the number of turns is even number to return to the I-I circle position → tooth pitch calibration → circumference calibration, then this is exempted from) → shovel Next Sequence cutter tooth, and the repetition said process, finish whole cutter tooth backing-off cutting work.In order to improve teeth efficient, can be before the shovel at the conical surface zigzag ring-shaped groove of getting on the bus out.The backing-off cutting (Fig. 5) simultaneously of also available two perching knives with taking a broad view of the right cutter teeth process of examining, is described technical process in detail below.
I, the shovel No. 7 straight swords of tooth (shoveling the oblique sword of tooth simultaneously No. 6) are seen operation Figure 24.
(1) shovel the I-No. 7 teeth of I circle; Alignment pin inserts position, No. 7 holes (clockwise direction must not have drive gap), can shovel out 8 teeth of the same name on I-I circle to good cutter, stops.(left cutter idle running).
(2) cycle calibration; Alignment pin circles along the index dial dextrorotation, the knife rest 36.799mm that moves to right.
(3) circumference calibration: pull out lathe tool setting handwheel, rotated for 5 weeks (direction is made by oneself, but all processes must be consistent); Reset after making workpiece change 3/16 commentaries on classics.
(4) shovel the II-No. 7 teeth of II circle (this moment left cutter open shovel No. 6 tooth hypotenuses) stop, and repeat 2), 3), 4) process shovels out III III, IV-No. 7 teeth of IV circle, all shifts out workpiece until two cuttves, stop.
(5) withdrawing, left cutter is retreated to the I-No. 7 tooth positions of I circle.Be that dividing arm counter-rotating n changes, and note the parity of n.
(6) if n is even number (the teeth number of turns is the n+1 odd number) in (5) step, then carry out the circumference calibration, the tool setting handle is pulled out rotation 5 whole circles, and workpiece rotates 3/16 to be changeed.N is that then this exempts from (because on same cutter groove) to odd number (the teeth number of turns is an even number)
(7) tooth pitch calibration is extracted alignment pin from position, No. 7 holes, clockwise rotate θ
7-8, falling into position, No. 6 holes (clockwise direction must not have drive gap), perching knife is aimed at the I-No. 6 positions of I circle.
II, No. 6 straight swords of tooth of shovel (No. 5 oblique swords of tooth simultaneously) are seen operation Figure 25
1) shovel the I-No. 6 teeth of I circle stop;
2) cycle calibration: alignment pin circles along the index dial dextrorotation, the knife rest 36.799mm that moves to right;
3) circumference calibration: handle lathe tool setting handwheel, revolve by original direction and enclosed for 5 weeks, workpiece rotates 3/16 to be changeed;
4) shovel the II-No. 6 teeth of II circle, (left cutter open shovel the I-No. 5 teeth of I circle) stops, and repeats 2), 3), 4) action, shovel out the III-III, IV-IV ... enclose No. 6 tooth, all shift out workpiece, stop until two cuttves.
5) withdrawing retreats to the I-No. 6 tooth positions of I circle with left cutter, dividing arm counter-rotating n circle.
6) if 5) when the step, n was even number, carry out the circumference calibration, handle the tool setting handwheel and make workpiece change 3/16 commentaries on classics, if n is that odd number is then exempted from.
7) the tooth pitch calibration is extracted alignment pin, falls into position, No. 5 holes from position, No. 6 holes.
III, No. 5 straight swords of tooth of shovel (and No. 4 oblique swords of tooth) with reference to 1, are seen operation Figure 26.
IV, No. 4 straight swords of tooth of shovel (and No. 3 oblique swords of tooth) with reference to 1, are seen operation Figure 27.
V, No. 3 straight swords of tooth of shovel (and No. 2 oblique swords of tooth) with reference to 1, are seen operation Figure 28.
VI, No. 2 straight swords of tooth of shovel (and No. 1 oblique sword of tooth) with reference to 1, are seen operation Figure 29.
VII, No. 1 straight sword of tooth of shovel (and No. 7 oblique swords of tooth) with reference to 1, are seen operation Figure 30.
After said process was finished, when needing the repetitive cycling of feed for the second time, still above-mentioned rule was carried out continuously and can be realized, and tool setting adjustment again.
VIII, teeth tip circle arc with reference to said process, need change circular arc perching knife separately when changing the teeth sequence number.
The explanation of schematic symbols in the process chart (Figure 24): 7.-No. 7 teeth of this process chart shovel of expression, this position is a starting point.
The straight sword of-expression cutter tooth,
-expression circumference calibration and cycle be during calibration, the resultant motion track of perching knife.
The calibration driving-chain motion of-expression teeth.
-expression withdrawing movement locus.
The tooth pitch calibration that-expression cutter tooth sequence number substitutes.
Embodiment: " 4/6tpi " becomes the technical process (at C8955 type relieving lathe) of tooth pitch milling cutter spiral teeth method
The selection of machining direction: selected dextrorotation cutter tooth helix, machining direction from right to left because cutter groove helix is dextrorotation, both rotation directions are identical, it is little to calculate cutter tooth lead of helix value, is convenient to processing.
Cam and the tiltedly calculating at shovel angle: get α
0=10 °～12 ° then
K
1＝3（πD
cp/Z）tgα≌19.5
Tiltedly shovel angle τ by:
τ
2＝arctg（L/K
1）＝62° τ
1＝arctg（tg2°/tg10°）＝11°17′ τ＝τ
2-τ
1-α＝62°-11°12′-8°＝42°48′
K=K
1K=27 τ=42 ° 48 ' K is got in/cos τ=26.57
1=19.8
H＝（K
1/3）+h
1＝6.6+6.5＝13
The adjustment of gear milling lathe is calculated, and gets spindle speed n=4.5～12rpm;
Index change gear a
1c
1/ b
1d
1=(3/40) Z
1 1=(3/40) * (16/3)=(40 * 60)/(60 * 100)
Differential hanging gear
a
2c
2/b
2d
2＝（76.2/T）Z
1 1＝（76.2/3175/cos8°）（16/3）＝（20×45）/（71×100）
Pitch change gear ac/bd=5/t * 16=184.9405/12.7 * 16=(70 * 79)/(62 * 98)
The designing and calculating of index dial: P=S/2 π=184.9405/2 π=29.4342 θ=(2 π/T) lcos8 °=(2 π/3175) * 36.799 * cos8=0.072114987 calibration order: begin processing by milling cutter expanded view (Figure 23) from right-hand member, teeth is (7) → (2) → (4) → (6) → (1) → (3) → (5) → (7) in proper order
As shown in Figure 6: h
7=6.44, h
1=5.765, h
2=4.661, h
3=4.293, h
4=4.539, h
5=5.397, h
6=5.704
Calculate θ
7-2: h
7+ h
1=12.205,
△
7-2＝[（θ/L）（h
7+h
1）P＝（S/T）（h
7+h
1）cosα
h
7-2＝h
7+h
1-△
7-2＝11.5009
θ
7-2=h
7-2(db/ca) (360 °/12.7)=358 ° 11 ' 53 ", and have: θ
2-4=262 ° 47 ' 15 "; θ
4-6=291 ° 36 ' 28 "; θ
6-1=356 ° 24 ' 35 "; θ
1-3=305 ° 59 ' 19 "; θ
3-5=259 ° 12 ' 25 "; θ
5-7=325 ° 47 ' 57 "; ∑ θ i=θ
7-2+ θ
2-4+ θ
4-6+ θ
5-1+ θ
1-3+ θ
3-5+ θ
5-7=6 * 360 ° wherein too near with No. 1 locating hole with No. 2, No. 6 because of No. 7, so No. 2 are lagged behind 30 ° with No. 1 locating hole, these two holes will be by the right positioner pin 3 in the indexing means ' location (seeing Figure 17), and the calibration order is still by (7) → (2) → (4) → (6) → (1) → (3) → (5).All the other each sequence number locating holes are then controlled by the left positioner pin.
The teeth process, shovel movable knife rack traffic cycle is removed and is changeed the τ angle, and mini-roundabout makes perching knife vertical with the workpiece axial line.Intend working simultaneously with two perching knives, left cutter shovels straight sword, and right cutter shovels oblique sword, top, two perching knife outsides apart from the projection value B(of horizontal plane by Fig. 5,7): B=L-1.2(tg β-tg α)=36.779-1.2(tg56 °-tg8 °)=35.1986mm;
Because left cutter shovels straight sword, right cutter shovels oblique sword, should be benchmark with right cutter during installation, and left knife up goes out: H=tg9 ° 10 ' * B=5.678mm, and radially leading: F=(D
Cp/ 2)-(D
Cp/ 2) cos[arcsim(2B/D
CpOnly follow the teeth process of examining left cutter of taking a broad view of below the)=0.197mm:
1, No. 7 straight swords of tooth of shovel are seen operation Figure 31
1) perching knife is aimed at No. 7 cutter tooth positions, and the indexing means alignment pin inserts position, No. 7 holes, No. 7 teeth above I-I helical trajectory shovels out, treat that right cutter cuts out after, return the car withdrawing and stop.
2)-and the circumference calibration: alignment pin is extracted from position, No. 7 holes, and the rotary electric machine handwheel makes 3/8 week of main axis rotation (selected turn to, later constant), at this moment, enlarges pitch mechanism moving equilibrium formula by lathe and obtains index dial seat (among Figure 16 1) corotation; (3/8) change (80/20) (104/26) (35/30) (30/35)=6, and the spindle index value is 3/8 commentaries on classics, knife rest reciprocal time 2 times.Behind the calibration, alignment pin is still fallen into position, No. 7 holes.
3) No. 7 cutters tooth on shovel the II-II bar helix, withdrawing stops.
4) repeat 2) ..., until No. 7 cutters tooth that shoveled on VIII-VIII helix, withdrawing also stops.
5) pitch calibration (Figure 18) is extracted left alignment pin from position, No. 7 holes, and fixing, clockwise rotates the leading screw square toes, and index dial is rotated, and is incorporated in the position, No. 2 holes by right alignment pin.
II, No. 2 straight swords of cutter tooth of shovel, see operation Figure 32:
1) No. 2 teeth of shovel on I-I helix treat that two cuttves cut out withdrawing behind the workpiece, parking.
2) circumference calibration: extract the alignment pin of position, No. 2 holes, electric rotating machine handwheel, main shaft change 3/8 and change, and the index dial seat rotates 6 circles, again alignment pin is fallen into position, No. 2 holes.
3) No. 7 cutters tooth on shovel the II-II bar helix, withdrawing stops.
4) repeat 2) until No. 2 cutters tooth that shoveled on VIII-VIII helix, withdrawing, parking.
5) right alignment pin is extracted, the pitch calibration, right alignment pin quits work, and inserts position, No. 4 holes by left alignment pin.
III, No. 4 straight swords of cutter tooth of shovel with reference to I, are incorporated into position, No. 4 holes with left alignment pin.See operation Figure 33.
IV, No. 6 straight swords of cutter tooth of shovel with reference to I, are incorporated into position, No. 6 holes with left alignment pin, see operation Figure 34.
V, No. 1 straight sword of cutter tooth of shovel with reference to I, are incorporated into position, No. 1 hole with right alignment pin, see operation Figure 35.
VI, No. 3 straight swords of cutter tooth of shovel with reference to I, are incorporated into position, No. 3 holes with left alignment pin, see operation Figure 36.
VII, No. 5 straight swords of cutter tooth of shovel with reference to I, are incorporated into position, No. 5 holes with left alignment pin, see operation Figure 37.
VIII, shovel the tooth top circular arc of each sequence number cutter tooth.
Size sign maximum tooth is striden the number of teeth near British system specification (tooth/inch) apart from minimum tooth apart from the displacement cycle
3/1.8 3 1.8 7 8/13
4/2.5 4 2.5 7 6/10
5/3 5 3 7 5/8
6.3/4 6.3 4 7 4/6
7/5 7 5 7 3.5/5
9/6 9 6 7 2.7/4
11/7 11 7 7 2.5/3.5
13/8 13 8 7 2/3
Claims (7)
1, a kind ofly equals the sawtooth anterior angle by taper, its semi-cone angle, cutter tooth number is 1/2 or 1/3 a milling cutter for variable-pitch band saw blade of cutter groove number, it is characterized in that the staggered cutter tooth of conical surface has does not wait tooth pitch and does not wait tooth depth, and the tooth pitch Changing Pattern is by segmentation arithmetic series periodic cycle; Milling cutter cutter groove does not wait dark helicla flute for becoming helical angle; The milling cutter width is a certain multiple of displacement Cycle Length and adds the head end tooth pitch that making the milling cutter two ends is tooth of the same name; In the displacement Cycle Length, can comprise five, seven or nine cutters tooth; Its geometric angle of the cutter tooth of all axial distribution is all unequal.
2, a kind of annular teeth method of processing milling cutter for variable-pitch band saw blade is characterized in that:
A. become tooth pitch milling cutter cutter groove: with the change tooth pitch end mill body of taper, as imaginary cylinder, on universal milling machine, will become the tooth pitch end mill body process several etc. helical pitch, change helical angle, do not wait dark spiral cutter groove;
B. become the control of tooth pitch: will realize periodically that the indexing means that becomes tooth pitch is installed on the original position of gear milling lathe ring screw indexing means, and index dial 1 circumference on lathe fixed, control the quantitative cycle calibration and the tooth pitch calibration of variation: the relative index dial of dividing arm rotates a circle, just displacement Cycle Length of control: all the equidistant cutters tooth in displacement cycle must be finished calibration rotating within the week relative to index dial, the Changing Pattern of tooth pitch is guaranteed that by the position of positioning hole that distributes on the index dial 1 quantity of displacement cutter tooth equals the quantity of locating hole in the one-period; The corresponding tooth pitch hi of central angle θ i control in adjacent positioned hole; θ i should satisfy formula:
θ i=360 ° (hi/f) (db/ca) requirement of (f/e), and i=360 ° of ∑ θ arranged, wherein
The central angle of the corresponding index dial locating hole of θ i-tooth pitch hi;
T-gear milling lathe leading screw pitch;
The gearratio inverse of the hyperphoric change gear of db/ca-tooth pitch;
The hyperphoric change gear of f/e-tooth pitch is to the fixed gearratio inverse than gear of leading screw.
The control that becomes tooth pitch also must be aided with the additional movement of gear milling lathe cam, and guaranteeing perching knife and by the perching knife tooth backing-off cutting position accurately to be arranged, thereby annular teeth method also must the configuration differential hanging gear; Promptly when perching knife moved a spiral cutter groove helical pitch T with knife rest, the gear milling lathe cam was answered additional rotation ± Z
1Change, wherein Z
1For milling cutter rotates a circle by the number of teeth order of the same name of backing-off cutting, be generally 1/2 or 1/3 of spiral cutter groove quantity, the direction that knife rest moved when sign depended on the rotation direction of milling cutter spiral cutter groove and tooth pitch conversion;
C. circumference calibration when the different name dental transition is for backing-off cutting in the teeth process, when carrying out the tooth pitch calibration, also needs with the tool setting handwheel of computing method by gear milling lathe workpiece to be carried out the circumference calibration, by gear milling lathe main shaft to the moving equilibrium formula of tool setting hand wheel shaft is:
（2n+1/Z
1）·u＝N
By calculating, reasonably select n, u, satisfy that to make N be the requirement of integer, realize the circumference calibration, wherein
Z
1On the same circumference of-milling cutter by the number of teeth order of the same name of backing-off cutting;
n-0、1、2……;
U-gear milling lathe main shaft to the gearratio of tool setting hand wheel shaft is that lathe enlarges the pitch multiple;
During the each circumference calibration of N-, the revolution that the tool setting handwheel turns over;
When d. annular teeth adopted mobile tailstock method clamping workpiece, tailstock moved apart from H=Ltga; By oblique backing-off cutting, make shovel movable knife rack traffic cycle rotate the λ angle, λ=a+ τ is to form angle, the rear flank a ' of milling cutter, tg τ=tg α '/tg α
0α wherein. be face clearance; Meanwhile adjusting mini-roundabout keeps and workpiece axial line upright position perching knife; When adjusting the machine tool differential differential change gear, cutter groove helical pitch call by value is T/cos α.
Big or when being unsuitable for mobile tailstock when the milling cutter cone angle, can adopt the machine tool accessories copying tool post to carry out teeth, move as teeth along the element of cone direction with pattern chi control perching knife, shovel movable knife rack traffic cycle corner λ equals tiltedly to shovel angle τ, and, use perching knife and keep and workpiece axial line upright position, when adjusting lathe all with cutter spindle to the dimensional configurations change gear;
3, according to the teeth method of claim 2, it is characterized in that indexing means, it constitutes the owner and will be made up of index dial 1, alignment pin 2, dividing arm 4, handle arm 3, the index dial circumferencial direction is fixed, dividing arm axle front end connects with leading screw with change gear, and the rotational angle of dividing arm 4 is by the control of the locating hole on the index dial 1, and index dial is custom-designed according to the workpiece requirement, realization stride the cycle tooth of the same name the cycle calibration with the not equally spaced calibration of different name tooth in one-period, can be recycled;
4, according to the teeth method of claim 2, it is characterized in that the cam of teeth at interval, when gear milling lathe standard cams lift is not enough, need the design specialized cam, its cam lifting curve angle β and backhaul curvilinear angle γ sum are 180 ° or 120 °, and lifting curve is Archimedes's helical line p=R-(θ-γ/360 °) K, cause is every the tooth backing-off cutting, empty shovel position lift working curve replaces in order to the circular arc that satisfies the withdrawing requirement, and backhaul curvilinear angle γ is 1/3 of work lifting curve angle β;
5, a kind of spiral teeth method of processing milling cutter for variable-pitch band saw blade is characterized in that:
A. become tooth pitch milling cutter cutter groove: with the change tooth pitch end mill body of taper, as imaginary cylinder, on universal milling machine, will become the tooth pitch end mill body process several etc. helical pitch, change helical angle, do not wait dark spiral cutter groove;
B. the relative workpiece of perching knife is for the helical movement: lathe surface building motion increases a screw thread driving-chain, presses the regularity of distribution of cutter tooth on the taper mill surface, finds out the helix of the tooth of the same name of helical pitch value minimum, and its element of cone direction helical pitch is:
S＝TlZ
1/T±lZ
1cosα
L-displacement Cycle Length
And, shovel out the angle, rear flank by the resultant motion track that screw and oblique shovel move; Spiral teeth method, available mobile tailstock or copying tool post carry out teeth;
C. the control of different pitch, spiral teeth method are the change tooth pitches of realizing milling cutter by the pitch of control helix; Indexing means with energy periodicity conversion pitch, be installed in the gear milling lathe screw thread driving-chain on the original calibration zygote position, the Changing Pattern of pitch is controlled by the locating hole on the index dial 2, with alignment pin 3 or 3 ' extract, rotate machine tool lead screw by the pitch change gear, make index dial 2 rotate the central angle of a certain pitch-row correspondence, fall into next locating hole again, realize the calibration conversion of different pitch, the central angle of pitch-row correspondence by.
θ i=360 ° [hi-(i+2)/t] be i=1.2 (db/ca) ... 7 circulations
hi-（i+2）＝hi+hi+l-△i
△i＝（S/T）（hi+ni+l）cosd
And ∑ θ i=n * 360 ° arranged
Hi-(i+2 wherein) pitch of the adjacent two cutter tooth helixes of a same cutter groove on the element of cone direction;
Hi, hi+1-i to i+1 number, i+1 to i+2 cutter tooth tooth pitch;
The S-cutter tooth lead of helix;
Db/ca-pitch change gear gearratio inverse;
D. circumference calibration: spiral teeth method is equivalent to the multiple thread teeth, Tooth spiral head of the same name is counted the replacing of sequence number and is carried out equal portions circumference calibration by indexing means, need to cut off the screw thread driving-chain this moment, extract alignment pin, alignment pin together rotates the locating hole that still falls into former sequence number behind a certain integer circle in company with the index dial seat, handle by the machine motor handwheel, make main shaft rotate 2n+1/Z simultaneously
1Change; Because of the driving-chain of main shaft to camshaft do not disconnect, so whenever carry out the circumference calibration one time, cam also must be finished an integer and rotate again, by these requirements, calculates rational circumference and divides tolerance.
6, according to the spiral teeth method of claim 5, it is characterized in that its formation of indexing means
System is by index dial seat 1, index dial 2 and two alignment pins 3 and 3 ' form, index dial rotates control pitch calibration, the index dial seat rotates control circumference calibration, the location hole count is identical with the helix radical in varying pitch cycle on the index dial, the sequence number correspondence, the corner of sequence number locating hole is corresponding with a certain pitch value in succession; Two kinds of grading methods do not disturb mutually.
7,, it is characterized in that the spiral teeth method cam of teeth at interval according to the teeth method of claim 5; More because of crossing over the number of teeth, so adopt dedicated cam, the ab section be empty shovel section, with making perching knife withdraw from the circular arc replacement Archimedes helical line of surface of the work, the bc section be the F.F. section to prevent and to cross over the tooth top interference that the cd section is a working curve, is Archimedes's helical line:
p＝R-（θ-γ/360°）K
The backhaul curve is 1/3 of a working curve arc length, and what determine the cd section angle sum corresponding with the da section according to crossing over the number of teeth.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88105092 CN1012804B (en) | 1988-07-11 | 1988-07-11 | Milling cutter for variable-pitch band saw blade and making method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88105092 CN1012804B (en) | 1988-07-11 | 1988-07-11 | Milling cutter for variable-pitch band saw blade and making method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1039199A CN1039199A (en) | 1990-01-31 |
| CN1012804B true CN1012804B (en) | 1991-06-12 |
Family
ID=4833322
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88105092 Expired CN1012804B (en) | 1988-07-11 | 1988-07-11 | Milling cutter for variable-pitch band saw blade and making method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1012804B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103212960B (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2015-06-17 | 金华职业技术学院 | Manufacturing method for equal-lead variable-tooth thickness worm |
| CN104339422B (en) | 2014-10-22 | 2016-07-06 | 东莞市益松数控科技有限公司 | Linearly saw and use its processing method and numerically controlled processing equipment |
| CN105880652A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2016-08-24 | 镇江索达联轴器有限公司 | Machining tool for tooth grooves of grid coupling half arc gear |
| CN106808320B (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2020-05-19 | 华中科技大学 | Milling force prediction method considering tool tooth space angle, helical angle and eccentricity |
| CN110479900B (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2024-04-05 | 深圳山源电器股份有限公司 | Gear-relieved movable cutter head mechanism and gear-relieved equipment |
| CN111823327B (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2021-11-12 | 湖南泰嘉新材料科技股份有限公司 | Hard alloy band saw blade for woodwork |
-
1988
- 1988-07-11 CN CN 88105092 patent/CN1012804B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1039199A (en) | 1990-01-31 |
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