CN101279582A - Design method for six-point suspension system of high-power diesel power assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for designing a six-point suspension system for power assembly of a high-power diesel engine, which relates to the components of: a tension sensor, a wobble plate, a rubber vibration isolator, etc. The design of the suspension system can be primarily divided into four major steps of selection of suspension points, measurement of power assembly quality-inertia characteristic parameter by experiment, determination of a suspension angle and determination of the characteristic parameter of the rubber vibration isolator. The positions of the suspension points are determined according to the low-order longitudinal bending mode of the power assemble; the installation angle of the suspension points is determined according to symmetrical arrangement and the theory that each bearing point is arranged on a plane passing through a principal inertia shaft; an optimization design is applied to three-way rigidity parameters of the rubber vibration isolator according to the energy decoupling method. The method for designing the six-point suspension system is simple and applicable, can realize a vibration decoupling of more than 80 percent, and has favorable vibration isolation effect after being used on a plurality of models for verification.

Description

Design method for six-point suspension system of high-power diesel power assembly

Technical field

The invention belongs to vibration mechanics, be specifically related to the control technology of vehicle, power machine vibration.

Background technology

Along with the speed of automobile develops to the lightweight direction to the weight of high speed, vehicle body, the vibration noise problem becomes increasingly conspicuous, and people are to the also more and more strictness of requirement of vibration and noise.The ride comfort of running car, travelling comfort more and more are subjected to people's attention.It is particularly important that the vibration damping of dynamic assembly and vibration isolation seem, the appropriate design power assembly suspension system, not only can improve the traveling comfort that automobile is taken, can also prolong the service life of driving engine and other parts, be to solve combustion engine complete machine oscillation actv. way the most.Traditional vehicle engine assembly adopts 3 points, four point suspension, and for palace car, because its engine power height, volume, quality are big, then adopt at 6 and suspends.No matter 6 of present traditional passenger vehicle suspend from the selection of suspension point, setting angle determine and the selection of rubber shock absorber all has certain randomness, cause vibration isolating effect not remarkable, do not have the vibration isolation purpose even.The present invention proposes the method for designing that a cover is applied to the motor omnibus six-point suspension system for this reason, and this method takes into full account the dynamic assembly dynamic characteristics, uses classical theory of vibration isolation and energy decoupling method, and can be popularized and applied to 6 dynamic assemblies that suspend of other employing.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of designing that is used for six-point suspension system of high-power diesel power assembly.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing method of the present invention is described.Design method for six-point suspension system of high-power diesel power assembly, the parts that relate to have: dynamic assembly I, pulling force sensor II, balance III, rubber shock absorber IV.Design on Mounting System can be divided into mainly that suspension point is selected, test measures the dynamic assembly quality---and inertial properties parameter, the angle that suspends are determined and the rubber shock absorber characteristic parameter such as determines at four steps greatly.Concrete steps are as follows:

1. the selection of best suspension point

Existing complete machine oscillation is isolated theory and generally dynamic assembly is simplified to rigid body, and the non-absolute rigid body of dynamic assembly in fact, under the effect of high frequency power, it the bending vibrattion (as Fig. 1) of similar straight beam can occur.Dynamic assembly designs simplification and measuring point are arranged as Fig. 2.Rubber shock absorber is placed on bending vibrattion node A, B, C place, both can have avoided the bending vibrattion power of body is passed to vehicle frame; Also can prevent to evoke the bending vibrattion of body by vehicle frame under the uneven situation of road, because can not evoke vibration of beam at node.The first step:

1.1 make up the structure diagram that embodies dynamic assembly I profile, arrange measuring point, and with the dynamic assembly I geometry input computer testing system of simplifying;

1.2, select any one measuring point (non-vibration node) to be point of excitation with dynamic assembly I suspention, measure the vibratory response of other points, each measuring point repeats repeatedly to sample, and is average then, the noise in the erasure signal;

1.3 pointwise sampling successively after every point data sampling, is observed coherence's function curve at transfer function waveform and transfer function peak value place, coherent value is deposited greater than 0.8 data, otherwise resampling;

1.4 determine rank number of mode: the transfer function with the Y direction of one of them measuring point is the basis, and distribution characteristics and frequently real and empty frequency curvilinear characteristic according to this transfer function amplitude have the figure of a transfer function in conjunction with other, determine rank number of mode;

1.5 mode match and vibration shape editor: with dynamic assembly I mass unitization, carry out vibration shape editor, obtain each first order mode of housing construction.

The present invention mainly pays close attention to vertical low order mode of flexural vibration of body and dynamic assembly, so according to the low order mode of flexural vibration vibration shape, determine that the suspension point position is bending vibrattion node place.Second step:

2. test measures dynamic assembly quality---inertial properties parameter

Described parameter comprises quality, barycenter, rotor inertia, moment of inertia,

2.1 dynamic assembly I horizontal suspension is placed any one plane of three-dimensional rectangular coordinate with three pulling force sensor II

(as Fig. 3) by moment balancing method, calculates two projection coordinates of center-of-mass coordinate in this horizontal surface:

$x=\frac{(F3-F2)L2}{F1+F2+F3},$ $y=\frac{F1L1-(F2+F3)L3}{F1+F2+F3}---\left(a\right)$

Wherein, F1, F2, F3 are respectively the pulling force that three pulling force sensor II bear; L1 and L3 are the distances of three suspension centres and system of axes x axle, L2 be wherein two suspension centres apart from the distance of system of axes y axle;

2.2 repeating step 2.1 obtains the projection coordinate of center-of-mass coordinate on other two planes respectively;

2.3 the computing formula of utilization (b) measures rotor inertia by three string pendulum torsional oscillation periodic methods, measures the cycle of reversing of dynamic assembly I, and obtains the rotor inertia I that dynamic assembly is walked around the vertical coordinate axle of barycenter _Z,

$I_Z=\frac{G{R}^2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="T"\; filenames="A20081005327900122.png,A20081005327900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">T</figure-callout>}}^2}{4{\mathrm{\&pi;}}^{2}L}---\left(b\right)$

In the formula, G: the weight of testee (N), R: balance radius (m) T: torsional oscillation cycle (s), L: lifting rope length (m)

2.4 repeating step 2.3 obtains walking around the rotor inertia value of other two center-of-mass coordinate axles respectively.The 3rd step:

3. determining of the angle that suspends

Arrange rubber shock absorber IV (as Fig. 4).Rubber shock absorber IV was positioned at the plane of principal axis of inertia, determined the setting angle that suspends.

Can reduce the coupling number of degrees of dynamic assembly vibration like this, make the big direction of vibration decoupling zero of hammer vibration energy; According to each supporting-point of supporting system is positioned on the plane by principal axis of inertia η, and, determine the setting angle that suspends about the principle that principal axis of inertia η is symmetrically distributed.Can make vibrating isolation system have bigger lateral stiffness like this,, have necessary rolling flexibility again, to isolate overturn moment and to reduce roll vibration to guarantee enough lateral stabilitys.The 4th step:

4. the rubber shock absorber characteristic parameter determines

4.1 set up the six degree of freedom vibration math modeling of system, when the analysis of the analysis of carrying out the suspension system inherent characteristic and static state-Li placement property, do not consider the damping of suspension members, adopt the kinetics equation of power assembly suspension system in its three elastic axis directions:

In the formula:

{ q}-system generalized displacement vector, { q}={x, y, z, α, beta, gamma } ^T

-system generalized acceleration vector;

The mass matrix of [M]-system;

The stiffness matrix of [K]-system;

4.2 computing system vibrational energy matrix, try to achieve each rank mode natural frequency---the vibration shape matrix Φ of power assembly suspension system by the kinetics equation (c) of power assembly suspension system, mass matrix M and vibration shape matrix Φ by system, obtain the energy distribution matrix K ET of system when doing the principal oscillation of each rank, when system during with i rank natural frequency vibration, the k of this matrix is capable, and the l column element is:

${\left({\mathrm{KE}}_{\mathrm{kl}}\right)}_i=\frac{1}{2}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_i^2{m}_{\mathrm{kl}}{\left({\mathrm{\&Phi;}}_i\right)}_k{\left({\mathrm{\&Phi;}}_i\right)}_l---\left(d\right)$

In the formula, Φ _iBe i the column vector of matrix Φ, i.e. the i rank principal modi of vibration of system; (Φ _i) _k(Φ _i) _lBe respectively Φ _iK and l element; m _KlBe the capable l column element of mass of system matrix k; ω _iBe system's i rank natural frequency; I, k, l=1,2 ..., 6.

The percentum that system's energy that k generalized coordinate is assigned to during with i rank natural frequency vibration accounts for system's gross energy is:

$P_{\mathrm{ki}}=\frac{\underset{l=1}{\overset{6}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\left[m_{\mathrm{kl}}{\left({\mathrm{\&Phi;}}_i\right)}_k{\left({\mathrm{\&Phi;}}_i\right)}_l\right]}{\underset{k=1}{\overset{6}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{l=1}{\overset{6}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\left[m_{\mathrm{kl}}{\left({\mathrm{\&Phi;}}_i\right)}_k{\left({\mathrm{\&Phi;}}_i\right)}_l\right]}\&times;100\%---\left(f\right)$

Can get system by formula (f) is the vibrational energy matrix K ET of critical for the evaluation with the decoupling zero degree;

4.3 in setting range, change the three-way rigidity value of rubber shock absorber, calculate new vibration shape matrix and vibrational energy matrix.Ratio λ=ω/the ω of driving engine excitation frequency and system's frequency _nGreater than

Just can reach the vibration isolation requirement, consider the ground excitation simultaneously, draw system frequency and be controlled at $3.5\mathrm{Hz}<{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_n<\mathrm{\&omega;}/\sqrt{2}$ In the scope, and rubber shock absorber stiffness parameters under the decoupling zero degree maximum case and vibrational energy matrix.Rubber shock absorber stiffness parameters of the present invention obtains flow process such as Fig. 5.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 dynamic assembly longitudinal bending Mode Shape scheme drawing, A, B, C are dynamic assembly flexural vibration mode node among the figure.

Accompanying drawing 2 dynamic assembly designs simplifications and measuring point arrangement plan.

Accompanying drawing 3 mass inertia parameters measure scheme drawing.

Among the figure, I is a dynamic assembly, and II is a pulling force sensor, and III is a balance.

Accompanying drawing 4 inclined type suspension systems are arranged scheme drawing.

Among the figure, rubber shock absorber IV, μ are crankshaft axis, η, ζ are the dynamic assembly principal axis of inertia, and O is the dynamic assembly centroid position, and E is suspension system elastic center position, φ is the angle of crankshaft axis μ and principal axis of inertia η, and the figure left side is the rubber shock absorber left view.

Accompanying drawing 5 rubber shock absorber stiffness parameters of the present invention obtain diagram of circuit.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and by specific embodiment design plan of the present invention is further described.

With WP10 diesel powered assembly design on Mounting System is example, 1.2 tons of this dynamic assembly quality, six-in-line, declared speed 2200r/min, idling speed 600r/min, rating horsepower 243kW.

1. the selection of best suspension point.

1.1 simplify the dynamic assembly model, arrange measuring point.As accompanying drawing 2.And with the dynamic assembly geometry input computer testing system of simplifying.Present embodiment is arranged 640 of measuring points altogether, 1920 response signals.

1.2 with rope suspention, selecting to be numbered 1 measuring point is point of excitation, measures the vibratory response of other points with dynamic assembly I, each measuring point repeats 3 samplings, and is average then, the noise in the erasure signal.

1.3 pointwise sampling successively after every point data sampling, is observed coherence's function curve at transfer function waveform and transfer function peak value place, coherent value is deposited greater than 0.8 data, otherwise resampling.

1.4 determine rank number of mode.Transfer function with the Y direction of the 131st measuring point is that the basis is analyzed, and according to the distribution situation of this transfer function amplitude and its frequently real and empty curve condition frequently, in conjunction with the figure of other all transfer functions, determines that finally rank number of mode is 14 rank.

1.5 mode match and vibration shape editor.With the dynamic assembly mass unitization, carry out vibration shape editor, obtain each first order mode of housing construction.

The present invention pays close attention to vertical low order mode of flexural vibration of body and dynamic assembly, as accompanying drawing 1, determines that the position of suspension point is in the vibration nodal point place.Six suspension point are arranged symmetrically on gear chamber, clutch bell and the change speed gear box aft end face.

2. determining of the angle that suspends

Measuring the dynamic assembly quality---the inertial properties parameter comprises quality, barycenter, rotor inertia, moment of inertia.

2.1 dynamic assembly I is placed on the balance III of horizontal suspension, as Fig. 3, the value of thrust according to three pulling force sensor II according to moment balancing method, calculates two projection coordinates of center-of-mass coordinate in this horizontal surface face.

$x=\frac{(F3-F2)L2}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20081005327900122.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}1+\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20081005327900122.png,A20081005327900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}2+\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20081005327900122.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}3},$ $y=\frac{F1L1-(\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20081005327900122.png,A20081005327900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}2+F3)L3}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20081005327900122.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}1+\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="F"\; filenames="A20081005327900122.png,A20081005327900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">F</figure-callout>}2+F3}---\left(a\right)$

Two other plane of dynamic assembly is placed in the balance, and repeating step 1 obtains three coordinate figures of barycenter.

2.2 dynamic assembly I barycenter is aimed at balance III center, balance is reversed a minute angle, measure it and reverse the cycle, measure rotor inertia formula (b) according to three string pendulum torsional oscillations, just can obtain the rotor inertia I that dynamic assembly is walked around the vertical coordinate axle of barycenter _Z

$I_Z=\frac{G{R}^2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="T"\; filenames="A20081005327900122.png,A20081005327900131.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">T</figure-callout>}}^2}{4{\mathrm{\&pi;}}^{2}L}---\left(b\right)$

Wherein, G: the weight of testee (N), R: balance radius (m), T: torsional oscillation cycle (s), L: rope length (m)

Two other plane of dynamic assembly is built on the balance, and repeating step 2 obtains walking around three rotor inertia values of center-of-mass coordinate axle.

Six-cylinder engine mainly is subjected to is actuated to overturning couple, based on roll vibration, pay close attention to the position of principal axis of inertia η, the result shows that it becomes about 8 ° of angle with crankshaft axis μ, should be as far as possible and the principle of dynamic assembly barycenter symmetry according to the layout of rubber shock absorber, make elastic center E overlap (E=O with barycenter O, as Fig. 4), each supporting-point is positioned on the plane by principal axis of inertia η, and principle about principal axis of inertia η symmetrical distribution, the IV-1 that suspends before determining is that 60 ° of symmetries are installed, in suspend IV-2 and after the IV-3 that suspends be that 45 ° of symmetries are installed.

3. rubber shock absorber characteristic parameter optimal design

Ratio λ=ω/the ω of driving engine excitation frequency and system's frequency _nGreater than

Just can reach the vibration isolation requirement, consider the ground excitation simultaneously, system frequency is controlled at $3.5\mathrm{Hz}<{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_n<\mathrm{\&omega;}/\sqrt{2}$ In the scope.

3.1 set up the six degree of freedom model of vibration of system.When the analysis of the analysis of carrying out the suspension system inherent characteristic and static force-displacement behavior, can not consider the damping of suspension members in its three elastic axis directions, the kinetics equation of power assembly suspension system is as follows:

3.2 computing system vibrational energy matrix.By matrix iteration, can try to achieve each rank mode natural frequency---the vibration shape matrix Φ of power assembly suspension system by the kinetics equation of power assembly suspension system.By the mass matrix M and the vibration shape matrix Φ of system, obtain the energy distribution matrix K ET of system when doing the principal oscillation of each rank.

3.3 as accompanying drawing 5, setting rubber shock absorber three-way rigidity span is 100～3000N/mm, change the rubber shock absorber rigidity value with step-length 10N/mm, calculate the vibrational energy matrix under each stiffness matrix, draw the rubber shock absorber parameter under the maximum decoupling zero degree situation, as table 1, under the system stiffness matrix situation of the best, system capacity decoupling zero situation such as table 2.

Table 1 rubber shock absorber three-way rigidity value is optimized the result

Table 2 is optimized back system frequency scope and energy decoupling situation

Last table shows that system frequency has been controlled at scope preferably, and vibration uncoupling reaches more than 80%.

4. verification experimental verification vibration isolating effect

Six suspend vibration isolation efficiency comparison of test results such as tables 3 before and after improving.

Vibration isolating effect contrast before and after table 3 improves

This method is used classical theory of vibration isolation, and simple being suitable for can be realized the vibration uncoupling more than 80 percent, uses checking on a plurality of types, and vibration isolating effect is good, can be generalized to other and need adopt 6 power assembly systems that suspend.

Claims (1)

1. design method for six-point suspension system of high-power diesel power assembly relates to the dynamic assembly of parts, pulling force sensor, balance, rubber shock absorber, it is characterized in that method of designing may further comprise the steps:

(1) selection of best suspension point:

(1.1) make up the structure diagram that embodies the dynamic assembly profile, arrange measuring point, and with dynamic assembly (I) the geometry input computer testing system of simplifying;

(1.2) with the dynamic assembly suspention, select any one measuring point (non-vibration node) to be point of excitation, measure the vibratory response of other points, each measuring point repeats repeatedly to sample, and is average then, the noise in the erasure signal;

(1.3) pointwise sampling successively after every point data sampling, is observed coherence's function curve at transfer function waveform and transfer function peak value place, and coherent value is deposited greater than 0.8 data, otherwise resampling;

(1.4) determine rank number of mode: the transfer function with the Y direction of one of them measuring point is the basis, and distribution characteristics and frequently real and empty curvilinear characteristic frequently according to this transfer function amplitude have the figure of a transfer function in conjunction with other, determine rank number of mode;

(1.5) mode match and vibration shape editor: with the dynamic assembly mass unitization, carry out vibration shape editor, obtain each first order mode of housing construction;

According to the low order mode of flexural vibration vibration shape, determine that the suspension point position is bending vibrattion node place;

(2) test measures dynamic assembly quality---inertial properties parameter:

Described parameter comprises quality, barycenter, rotor inertia, moment of inertia,

(2.1) with three pulling force sensors (II) dynamic assembly (I) horizontal suspension is placed any one plane of three-dimensional rectangular coordinate,, calculates two projection coordinates of center-of-mass coordinate in this horizontal surface face by moment balancing method:

$x=\frac{(F3-F2)L2}{F1+F2+F3},$ $y=\frac{F1L1-(F2+F3)L3}{F1+F2+F3}---\left(a\right)$

Wherein, F1, F2, F3 are respectively the pulling force that three pulling force sensors bear; L1 and L3 are the distances of three suspension centres and system of axes x axle, L2 be wherein two suspension centres apart from the distance of system of axes y axle;

(2.2) repeating step (2.1) obtains projection Y, the Z of center-of-mass coordinate on other two planes respectively;

(2.3) utilize computing formula (b), measure rotor inertia, measure the cycle of reversing of dynamic assembly, obtain the rotor inertia that dynamic assembly is walked around the vertical coordinate axle of barycenter by three string pendulum torsional oscillation periodic methods,

$I_Z=\frac{G{R}^2{T}^2}{4{\mathrm{\&pi;}}^{2}L}---\left(b\right)$

In the formula, G: the weight of testee (N), R: balance radius (m) T: torsional oscillation cycle (s), L: lifting rope length (m)

(2.4) repeating step (2.3) obtains walking around the rotor inertia value of other two coordinate axlees of barycenter respectively; (3) suspend the determining of angle:

Arrange three rubber shock absorbers (IV1～3), three rubber shock absorbers were positioned at the plane of principal axis of inertia, determined the setting angle that suspends;

(4) determining of rubber shock absorber characteristic parameter:

(4.1) six degree of freedom of setting up system vibrates math modeling, does not consider the damping of suspension members in its three elastic axis directions, adopts the kinetics equation of power assembly suspension system:

In the formula:

{ q}-system generalized displacement vector, { q}={x, y, z, α, beta, gamma } ^T

-system generalized acceleration vector;

The mass matrix of [M]-system;

The stiffness matrix of [K]-system;

(4.2) computing system vibrational energy matrix, try to achieve each rank mode natural frequency---the vibration shape matrix Φ of power assembly suspension system by the kinetics equation (c) of power assembly suspension system, mass matrix M and vibration shape matrix Φ by system, obtain the energy distribution matrix K ET of system when doing the principal oscillation of each rank, when system during with i rank natural frequency vibration, the k of this matrix is capable, and the l column element is:

${\left({\mathrm{KE}}_{\mathrm{kl}}\right)}_i=\frac{1}{2}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_i^2{m}_{\mathrm{kl}}{\left({\mathrm{\&Phi;}}_i\right)}_k{\left({\mathrm{\&Phi;}}_i\right)}_l---\left(d\right)$

In the formula, Φ _iBe i the column vector of matrix Φ, i.e. the i rank principal modi of vibration of system; (Φ _i) _k(Φ _i) _lBe respectively Φ _iK and l element; m _KlBe the capable l column element of mass of system matrix k; ω _iBe system's i rank natural frequency; I, k, l=1,2 ..., 6.

The percentum that system's energy that k generalized coordinate is assigned to during with i rank natural frequency vibration accounts for system's gross energy is:

$P_{\mathrm{ki}}=\frac{\underset{l=1}{\overset{6}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\left[m_{\mathrm{kl}}{\left({\mathrm{\&Phi;}}_i\right)}_k{\left({\mathrm{\&Phi;}}_i\right)}_l\right]}{\underset{k=1}{\overset{6}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\underset{l=1}{\overset{6}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}\left[m_{\mathrm{kl}}{\left({\mathrm{\&Phi;}}_i\right)}_k{\left({\mathrm{\&Phi;}}_i\right)}_l\right]}\&times;100\%---\left(f\right)$

Can get system by formula (f) is the vibrational energy matrix K ET of critical for the evaluation with the decoupling zero degree;

(4.3) the three-way rigidity value of change rubber shock absorber in setting range is calculated new vibration shape matrix and vibrational energy matrix, draws system frequency and is controlled at $3.5\mathrm{Hz}<{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_n<\mathrm{\&omega;}/\sqrt{2}$ In the scope, and rubber shock absorber stiffness parameters under the decoupling zero degree maximum case and vibrational energy matrix.

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