CN101278369A - Short-circuiting device for protecting components and persons used in low-voltage and medium-voltage installations - Google Patents
Short-circuiting device for protecting components and persons used in low-voltage and medium-voltage installations Download PDFInfo
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- CN101278369A CN101278369A CNA2006800361893A CN200680036189A CN101278369A CN 101278369 A CN101278369 A CN 101278369A CN A2006800361893 A CNA2006800361893 A CN A2006800361893A CN 200680036189 A CN200680036189 A CN 200680036189A CN 101278369 A CN101278369 A CN 101278369A
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- short
- contact electrode
- consumers
- switch element
- circuit device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H79/00—Protective switches in which excess current causes the closing of contacts, e.g. for short-circuiting the apparatus to be protected
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T2/00—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means
- H01T2/02—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap
Abstract
The invention relates to a short-circuit device for component and personnel protection for use in low-voltage and medium-voltage installations, comprising a switching element which can be actuated by a trigger signal of a fault-determining device; two oppositely arranged contact electrodes with current supply means, wherein the contact electrodes can be electrically contacted with terminals of different potentials, and the contact electrodes perform a spring-supported mutual relative movement under mechanical prestress in the case of a short circuit, and the other component short-circuits the contact electrodes in the relative movement to the other component; the consumer element, as a spacer between the contact electrodes, has an electrical connection between the consumer element and the switching element as one side and one of the contact electrodes as the other side, in order to produce thermal damage in a targeted manner, which is dependent on the current flow. In a first embodiment of the invention, the consumable element is a thin-walled hollow cylinder composed of a high-melting-point metal material. In a second embodiment of the invention, the consumable element is a wire or rod made of a conductive material with a low melting point, wherein the consumable element is in a stretched state under mechanical prestress, in contrast to the first embodiment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to according to claim 1 preamble the further improved employed short-circuit device that is used for parts and personal protection in the low-voltage and medium voltage device, comprise the switch element that to handle by the triggering signal of fault test set; Two relative contact electrodes with feeder equipment, wherein these two contact electrodes on circuit can with the termination contact of different electromotive forces, in addition, contact electrode supports ground to carry out relative motion each other at the short-circuit conditions down spring being in mechanical prestress following time; Consumers (Opferelement) as spacer between the contact electrode; And have consumers and switch element as a side and one of contact electrode as the electrical connection of opposite side between them, so that produce the cause thermal damage that electric current flows that depends on of consumers targetedly.
In addition, the invention still further relates to the method that is used for realizing short circuit at low-voltage and medium voltage device with short-circuit device.
Background technology
In electric switch and distributor, the various faults of delayed response response or that only cause the overcurrent protection equipment that exists of the overcurrent protection equipment that exists may appear directly not causing.For example, the fault electric arc of mentioning here.Especially for by depend on operation or by the personal protection that the electrical potential difference that fault causes realizes, similar problem appears.Such fault may cause serious parts damages, but also causes injury to personnel.In order to limit damage,, also require to cut off it apace except determining very fast the fault.
Various solutions have been arranged the different faults situation in the prior art for determining fast.
Here for example with reference to DE 43 31 992 A1, it discloses a kind of grid shape (zellenartig) switching device that prevents fault electric arc that is used to distribute electric energy.In DE 43 45 170 A1, also introduced a kind of fault electric arc protection equipment that is used for switching device, wherein Shi Ji switch or protector by from least one light sensor and non-photosensitivity transducer " with " the logical signal manipulation.Actual short-circuiting device comprises coil, and wherein short-circuiting device produces short circuit metal owing to the power that is produced by induced current between short-circuit part in being in the cup-shaped metal parts of vacuum state.Energy storage source and coil should be determined size like this, promptly make to realize the short circuit metal mentioned in the time between the 2ms at 0.1ms.
According to DE 197 46 815 A1 be used for distributing in the short-circuiting device of device of electric energy, the short-circuit component that is driven by gas generator with short-circuiting device piston (Kurzschliesserkolben) is set.Such short-circuiting device piston should irrespectively be carried out optimum ballistic motion (Stossbewegung) with manufacturing tolerance, and is (transportgesichert) of transportation safety simultaneously.
Other typical short-circuiting devices of the prior art for example in DE 94 19 141 US, DE 197 46 815 A1 and DE 42 35 329 C2, have been introduced.Here distinguish reused and equipment direct action.Reusable short-circuiting device very costliness and cost is very high.For the short-circuiting device of direct action, use explosion type loading (Sprengladung) or gas generator that electrode is moved mutually usually, this certainly need special safeguard measure for producing, transport and using.
According to DE 42 35 329 A1, a kind of short-circuit device is provided in the prior art, it is made of at least one switch element, handles this switch element with the triggering signal of Fault Identification equipment.The short-circuiting device that the there is provided comprises at least two switch elements between collecting electrode, and comprises the parts or the zone of conduction.Because the electric current that not only in switch element but also in short-circuiting device, had directly flowed in the conductive component,, and so produce short circuit metal so at least one removable or deformable conductive region is extruded with respect to electrode.In this known short-circuit device, the response time deficiency, and the overall apparatus of design is very high at the manufacture view cost.
In instruction according to patent documentation DE 103 13 045 B3, a kind of short-circuit device that uses in the low-voltage and medium voltage device is provided, it comprises switch element equally, this switch element is handled by the triggering signal of Fault Identification equipment.According to this invention, switch element is the overvoltage protective device that can trigger, and it can cause responding and can damage under failure condition by the curtage pulse.At least one electrode that receives overvoltage protective device is under the state of mechanical prestress; and can on the direction of the electrode that is oppositely arranged, move; wherein overvoltage protective device constitutes the electrode isolation thing; the electrode isolation thing makes under situation about damaging and can make the electrode contact, thereby constitutes short circuit.
Switch element noted earlier can be the series circuit by the equipment formation of overvoltage protective device that can trigger and the fusing integration (Schmelzintegral) that has scalable or limit.In this series circuit, the equipment that only has the fusing integration of qualification under failure situations can be damaged.In one embodiment, equipment noted earlier is glass tube fuse, linearity or nonlinear resistor, varistor, low-melting-point metal or metal alloy, semiconducting winding or conductive pottery, such glass etc.In order to produce mechanical prestress and electrode relative motion, use tension spring or compression spring according to DE 103 13 045 B3.And according to relative prior art instruction, the electrode conduct has to be used always the execution mode of the jar (Topf) of electrode (Gegenelektrode), wherein electrode is had the punch shape (Stempelform) that immerses in the jar.
But, in other result of the tests, show, realize and optimize consumers to have very big and special significance at the functional characteristic of short-circuiting device.The basic purpose of optimizing short-circuit device is to realize the closing motion that main contact is fast as far as possible and the very little load of switch element, and wherein consumers mainly influences this two parameters.
Summary of the invention
Thus; task of the present invention is to provide a kind of further improved short-circuit device that is used for parts and personal protection that uses in the low-voltage and medium voltage device; wherein this short-circuit device should have the economic consumers of making; this consumers causes the minimized load of switch element; and have high as far as possible conductivity so that commutating period minimum; have higher mechanical strength simultaneously,, thereby reduce run duration with the use high-tension.
Solve task of the present invention by short-circuit device, wherein also relate to utilization according to the present invention short circuit according to the present invention and establish the method that realizes the short circuit in the low-voltage device according to the characteristics combination of claim 1 or 12.
According to first embodiment of the invention in the low-voltage and medium voltage device, use be used for parts and personal protection according to short-circuit device of the present invention, comprise the switch element that can handle by the triggering signal of Fault Identification equipment.In addition, two contact electrodes that are oppositely arranged with feeder equipment are set also, wherein contact electrode on circuit can with the termination contact of different electromotive forces.
In addition, under mechanical prestress, contact electrode supports ground to realize mutual relative motion at the short-circuit conditions down spring.
The consumers that is provided with as spacer between the contact electrode is electrically connected with switch element in a side, is electrically connected with one of contact electrode at opposite side, so that cause the cause thermal damage that depends on that electric current is mobile targetedly.
According to the present invention, consumers is constructed to the thin-walled hollow cylinder that is made of high melting point metal materials.
In one embodiment of the invention, may in hollow cylinder, hold conductive materials.Hollow cylinder is the structure that is made of pressure-resistant material, and filling wherein noted earlier is implemented as for example low-melting-point metal.For fear of too high fusing integrated value (Schmelzintegralwert), can fill by instead of part, also setting has very little mechanical strength or also has very little stable on heating insulating barrier between hollow cylinder and actual conductive materials.
For consumers, be the damage of the expectation of hollow cylinder, be positioned at inner material and be released, and can be closed or fully before the contact, also do not have to have realized the short circuit of conducting electricity or supported such short circuit under the situation of main contacts mechanical movement.
Hollow cylinder can be set in the gap of contact electrode, and the feasible very little transition resistance that provides is provided.
In a variant of first embodiment of the invention, insulator and auxiliary electrode are located in the fixing contact electrode, and wherein auxiliary electrode is connected with consumers.
The opposite side of contact electrode or the face that is oppositely arranged can have the complementary conical that produces the centering effect under short circuit condition when contacting.
Advantageously, the diameter of hollow cylinder is selected as greater than 10: 1 with the ratio of wall thickness.
Structure or wall thickness fluctuation by limiting in the hollow cylinder can form current path, thereby produce uneven heating for current capacity, and follow the loss of mechanical strength to produce deformation.In this case, the conductibility that keeps in touch in an advantageous manner between the electrode connects, but the mechanical resistance of hollow cylinder reduces, thereby can be transformed into closure state fast under the effect of the elastic force of short-circuiting device.
Can construct cavity between contact electrode, so that hold the parts that are damaged consumers, the low resistance contact that does not promptly influence expectation under short-circuit conditions connects.
Between contact electrode, exhaust passage of working under closure state or steam vent work are with especially under the situation of generation electric arc, by the relative motion closure hysteresis ground generation counteractive power of the generation of the increased pressure under the short circuit condition to contact electrode.
Be used to produce prestressed equipment and can be constructed to compression spring, disc spring or spring-like device.
Second embodiment of the invention, consumers is line or the rod that is made of the conductive of material with eutectic eliminate indigestion branch, and wherein consumers is in extended state under mechanical prestress.
In this embodiment of the invention, advantageously, the intermeshing seal of labyrinth shape is set between contact electrode, so that when electric arc formation and pressure formation, realize the motion support of piston shape movable contact element.
In a kind of structure of second embodiment of the invention, movable contact electrode can form two contact bridges between the electric terminal.
Movable contact electrode can be constructed to positive displacement punch (Verdraengungsstempel), it is worked with fixing jar contact electrode, wherein conductive low melting point is located in jar contact electrode, forms additional electric bridge between the contact-segment that this material is being oppositely arranged when the submergence punch.In this case, low-melting material passes from the territory, tank field of respective electrode, and arrives in the residue crack of the contact electrode that is oppositely arranged.
Utilizing short-circuit device according to the present invention in low-voltage device, to produce in the method for short circuit, connect short-circuit device from classification (gestaffelt).
Here, after determining failure situations, at first carry out the short-term driving of switch element.Then, limit the short circuit current that flows through switch element, realize the electric current commutation from the abort situation to the short-circuiting device then by means of consumers and terminal impedance.
Then, short circuit current is interrupted by switch element at the fixed time afterwards, and again device is loaded with line voltage.
Under the situation that the sufficient intensity of trouble location recovers, keep power supply to device.Short-circuit device is notified the fault that is occurred, and indicates necessity check of device thus.
But,, then drive the switch element of short-circuiting device again and constantly if failure situations keeps.In this case, the consumers of short-circuiting device is transshipped, and produces the short circuit metal that continues of forcing disconnecting apparatus.
Description of drawings
Below by means of embodiment and be described in greater detail with reference to the attached drawings the present invention.
Wherein:
Fig. 1 shows first execution mode of short-circuit device, has movable contact electrode and open circles tubular consumers after the pressurization;
Fig. 2 shows the similar execution mode with Fig. 1, is filled open circles tubular consumers with conductive material but have to small part;
Fig. 3 shows first variant of second embodiment of the invention, has rod that pulling force loads or line as spring element;
Fig. 4 shows second variant of second embodiment of the invention, has the consumers that pulling force loads;
Fig. 5 shows the 3rd variant of second embodiment of the invention, has the consumers that pulling force loads;
Fig. 6 shows the 4th variant of second embodiment of the invention, has pulling force consumers that loads and the cupping electrode that comprises the conductive material for the treatment of row pressure; And
Block diagram illustrations shown in Fig. 7 connect to realize the method for short circuit in the low-voltage device with classification.
Embodiment
In following embodiment, for the element use same reference numerals of identical or identical work.
According to embodiment, consumers 5 has special significance for effective working method of short-circuit device.The purpose of optimizing short-circuit device is the closing motion and the very little load of switch element that realize that main contact electrode is fast as far as possible.Except the contact stand-off distance, be moved the contact quality, effectively the reaction, the closing motion speed of main contacts is also mainly determined by the power-displacement stroke indicatrix (Kraft-Weg-Kennlinie) of employed spring 4.Starting force is big more under the tensioned state, and remaining force is big more under the short-circuiting device closure state, and the closing time of main contacts is just short more.
The quality and the spring force that are moved the contact for good and all act on the consumers under tensioned state, and require certain mechanical strength.
On the other hand, consumers should be as far as possible be transshipped because the energy supply is very little, and causes corresponding main contacts, the i.e. desired motion of contact electrode separately.Commutated the current to main contacts up to fault current, switch element is loaded with fault current.This load is more little, and the cost that is used for switch element just can be held more little.Except the cost and protection of switch element, the quick overload of consumers also is used for reducing apace the impedance of short circuit paths, because realized the simple metal short circuit after the main contacts closure.Therefore, the impedance of switch element and the arc impedance that exists in addition under the possibility situation and the resistance of ohmic properties basically of consumers are eliminated from faulty circuit.
Consumers according to the present invention has following characteristic.Fusing integration (the I of material
2The t value) very little, so that the load of switch element minimizes.Consumers has high conductivity, so that minimize commutating period, and has high mechanical strength, using high-tension, thereby desirably reduces the run duration of contact electrode.In addition, when damaging, consumers only has very little arc voltage, to realize short commutating period.React on the power of mechanical movement, increase as the pressure that produces and avoided or reduce.Design the especially damage relation of the material of open circles tubular like this, the promptly feasible influence that does not produce the mechanical movement of contact electrode.
As shown in figs. 1 and 2, consumers 5 is constructed to the hollow cylinder of thin-walled.Steel or ferroalloy are owing to the high material that is particularly suitable for as hollow cylinder of mechanical strength.Have the material of high unit fusing integrated value, under the situation of enough mechanical strengths, produce the relative higher load of switch element as copper or silver.
Select the geometry of thin-walled hollow cylinder like this, make the ratio of diameter and wall thickness basically greater than 10: 1.Under the situation of identical fusing integration, this geometry has obviously higher mechanical strength with respect to the internal solid cylinder of same material.This allows bigger elastic force given in advance, and guarantees contact electrode closing time faster.
With respect to solid material (Vollmaterial), especially under being several millimeters situation, diameter has the advantage that illustrates below another according to hollow cylinder of the present invention.
Since on the hollow cylinder or the asymmetry of middle CURRENT DISTRIBUTION very little, so under the short situation of current capacity height and fusing time, hollow cylinder itself heats unevenly and melts.This effect can be wittingly by the electric current on the contact site by or promoted by the structuring of cylinder.In principle, also can expect the material influence of structure, or also use composite material.
This inhomogeneous heating is in the little deformation that causes hollow cylinder under the situation of medium current load (fusing time minute up to several milliseconds).Hollow cylinder is also approximate in this process suddenly to lose its mechanical strength, compresses the main contacts of cylinder and closed short-circuiting device thus.The closing course advantageous particularly of this mode is not because process originally has noticeable electric arc ground to carry out in short-circuiting device.Therefore, do not produce additional impedance and pressure wave, it may react on contact in first execution mode of the present invention closed.
Under the situation of high electric current, hollow cylinder melts equally unevenly or vaporizes, and each metal bridge keeps existing thus, and therefore the no arc characteristic of short-circuiting device remains in the kA scope.
Here, electric arc almost is vaporized and main contacts may be also produce when closed fully first fully at hollow cylinder.
For the situation of arc ignition under the high current intensity (Lichtbogenzuendung), bigger cavity can be set or gas exhaust piping also is set, its restriction pressure forms, and therefore limits the reaction force that is produced.
The layout of consumers, main contacts and air-flow is selected like this or is designed, and promptly makes when arc ignition, and electric arc is commutated to this two contact electrodes 2 and 6 by switch element 9 from secondary path immediately.Thus, in this case, switch element 9 before the contact electrode closure unloaded electric current flow.
Even not have electric arc in order under the situation of maximum current, guaranteeing yet, additionally can also before the main contacts closure, to realize another current transfer level.Here, can use sliding contact or low melting material.
Shown in Fig. 1 and 2, therefore have external conductive casing 1 with movable contact electrode element 2, the contact electrode element under the effect of spring 4 by prestress.By means of spacer 3 movable contact electrode 2 is isolated with respect to external conductive casing 1.Central authorities at fixing contact electrode 6 are provided for the auxiliary contact 8 of switch element 9 and the terminal that is used for switch element 9.In addition, also exist here with respect to external conductive casing 1 and with respect to the spacer 7 of contact electrode 6.
Represent conductive material with Reference numeral 10, it can be used as completely or partially fills hollow cylinder consumers 5.
In the execution mode according to Fig. 2, conductive material 10 can for example be constructed to low-melting-point metal or conductibility fluid.
Shown in Fig. 3 to 6, the essential structure of short-circuiting device as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2 can be inverted from operation principle.
According to Fig. 3, consumers 5 is not loaded with compressive resistance by spring prestressing force, but the load to pulling force takes place.
This execution mode makes and can use cheap line or rod as consumers 5.The consumers of second execution mode also has low fusing integration except this constructs necessary high-tensile.On the guide plate 11 of the transitional region that also is formed into consumers 5, be provided for the auxiliary electrode 8 and the corresponding terminal of switch element 9.According to Fig. 3, spring 4 has guide plate 12, and it is used to movable contact electrode 14 with the element 13 that is used for the power transmission.
By for example using the line of the tension that supports by steel, can under the very high situation of elastic force, realize the very little fusing integration of consumers 5.This allows to use cheap switch element 9, and the very little switching time that can realize contact electrode.
Different with the form of implementation according to Fig. 1 and 2, in the form according to Fig. 3 to 6, the pressure wave that is produced by electric arc does not react on the closing motion of contact electrode, but can be used to quicken this motion, as reference piston-like structure is introduced one of contact electrode.But alternatively also have such possibility, promptly realize being similar to the structure of sliding contact by the structure of parts 12 and 13 under the situation that suitable material is selected, its guide current is up to the main contacts closure.For this reason, when the conductibility contact that continues, the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION of adjusting between consumers and parts 12 and 13 is essential.But also can expect, parts 12 with 13 after minimum movement just electric the contact, or by because the voltage breakdown that the slip of the very small distance that produces of arc ignition punctures (Gleitueberschlag) or punctures form on the consumers 5 is realized contact.
In high current carrying capacity (Stromtragfaehigkeit), comprise that the contact electrode of contact site can may be problematic by realizing movingly respectively according to execution mode shown in Fig. 1 to 3 and necessary contact electrode.This is except to also causing the very big quality that is moved the high request of contact site, and therefore causes high contact pressure.But, can reduce quality and essential contact pressure by selecting suitable material and structural variant.
In addition, can also use such structure, promptly wherein the electric power support is moved the motion of element.
Fig. 4 shows one and implements variant, has linear consumers 5, and promptly purpose is to reduce to be moved quality, and this also can expect in being in according to the tubulose consumers under the spring pressure of Fig. 1 in principle.
Structure among Fig. 4 shown in the principle also can be with shown in Figure 5 similarly with realizing axisymmetrically.
The advantage of this enforcement variant is contact plate 15 very little treat moving mass and in according to the execution mode of Fig. 5 by in the fixing main electrode 6 that realizes of heart or one of 14 and contact plate 15 between the dynamic load of connection and the requirement of current carrying capacity very little.
In principle, also can be implemented to contact plate or to the current feed of consumers from fixing electrode one of by sliding contact.
Have such possibility, promptly parts 15 are connected to the first fixing main electrode 6 conductively by sliding contact for this reason.Shown in Fig. 5 and 6 of exemplary demonstration coaxial configuration, second fixedly contact electrode or main electrode 14 isolate by parts 17 and with respect to shell 1.
In structure according to Fig. 6, can second fixedly the bottom of main electrode 14 eutectic solder 10 or similar material also are set.This solder mass 10 can be extruded between the contact 6 and 14 that heating the time fixedly install, thereby significantly improves the size of conductibility contact-making surface.
Under situation shown in Figure 6, fixing main electrode 14 is constructed to cupping electrode, wherein movable contact plate 15 as previously described scolder of the row of squeezing like that in immersing melting solder 10 time.
When using from the switch element that disappears, as gap or thyristor, described short-circuit device allows also to use especially that significant method of operation realizes short circuit metal in low pressure range.
In the high and medium voltage scope, often aging the or pollution by distance piece forms short circuit as arcing (Ueberschlag) or as puncture in device.This distance piece is damaged constantly, and can cause the failure situations of repetition when reclosing line voltage.
On the contrary under low pressure, often only because so-called short circuit in short-term (Wischern)-promptly conductibility in short-term by different electromotive forces in low pressure range connects or the short circuit that produces by linking to each other with a very little current carrying capacity-produce short circuit.
Owing to aging or pollute and damage spacer constantly seldom as the reason of short circuit in the device scope.Maintenance cost in the device often since the effect of the fault electric arc of longer duration just produce.If opposite, the influence of fault electric arc is limited consumingly, then may not need often to safeguard immediately.Because the particularity of fault generation and trouble duration in the low-voltage device is for using short-circuiting device to produce special situation with the effect that reduces fault electric arc.
In QA short-circuiting device, realize the short circuit in the first fault current half-wave, continue up to being disconnected by higher level's protection equipment.Therefore, whole device and electrical network are separated.Thus, when disappearing short circuit in short-term, produce high operational failure sometimes owing to disconnecting what may occur.If the time of opposite short-circuiting device response is delayed, then the damage to device improves significantly under the fact damaged situation.And the obvious higher maintenance cost of generation.And, by the delay of short-circuiting device, can't imagine the personal protection that may need.
By using according to the short-circuiting device with consumers and switch element series circuit of the present invention, can satisfy the requirement that seems contradiction, promptly the demanding device availability of one side requires strong damage restriction on the other hand.
Principle according to short circuit implementation method of the present invention is connected based on the classification of the short-circuiting device with following time response.
Determine failure situations, for example after the fault electric arc in the device, the switch element of short-circuiting device is driven in short-term.May be consumed the impedance restriction of element and short circuit and switch element by the short circuit current of switch element.Electric current commutates to short-circuiting device from abort situation.After the time that can be provided with, switch element interrupts short circuit current, and device and abort situation are loaded with line voltage.Enough recover under the situation of intensity in short circuit in short-term and trouble location, keep power supply device.The fault that the short-circuiting device notice is occurred, and the therefore necessary device inspection of indication.
If failure situations keeps, then the switch element of short-circuiting device is driven again constantly.In this case, the consumers of short-circuiting device overload, and produce the short circuit metal that continues of forcing cutoff device.
In described technical scheme, consumers is designed like this, promptly make can be at current load (the low I of minimum
2The t value) realizes short circuit metal afterwards.Therefore, employed in this case switch element must only have very little current carrying capacity or very little breaking capacity.
In order to use described method, suggestion differently designs consumers and switch element under the situation that keeps structure.As the replacement of almost optimizing described short-circuiting device on the contrary, but can be that described method is trained this short-circuiting device by path in parallel simply.Therefore, economic and simple short-circuiting device that satisfy the demands improves and can be used for described method at any time.
Fig. 7 shows the principle diagrammatic sketch for another path parallel circuits.Additional path in parallel mainly is made of the drivable switch element 17 of waiting until high current carrying capacity and breaking capacity in having.In addition, impedance 16 can be set.Obtain such possibility by means of impedance, promptly for example influence the size or the current squaring pulse of short circuit current by nonlinear impedance.This is on the one hand avoided during restricted transit aspect the response of the possible overcurrent of electrical network or under voltage protection equipment in the very first time of switch element may be significant, and to be no more than in the very little switch element of power aspect the maximum load of current carrying capacity and erasability on the other hand may be significant.
But the size of impedance 16 should be no more than hundreds of m Ω, because otherwise hinder the commutation (short circuit paths 1 and 2) of fault current to total equipment consumingly.Advantageously, impedance should be less than a few m Ω.
Especially semiconductor switch, for example thyristor or IGBTs; But vacuum switch that can trigger and gap equally also are suitable for as switch element 17.
Claims (16)
1. short-circuit device that is used for parts and personal protection that uses in the low-voltage and medium voltage device comprises:
Switch element, described switch element can be handled by the triggering signal of fault determining device;
Two contact electrodes that are oppositely arranged, wherein said contact electrode with feeder equipment on circuit can with the termination contact of different electromotive forces, and described contact electrode under mechanical prestress in short circuit condition elastic force support ground to carry out mutual relative motion;
Consumers, as the spacer between the described contact electrode, and have electrical connection as one of a side, described contact electrode between as opposite side at described consumers and switch element, so that produce the cause thermal damage that electric current flows that depends on of described consumers targetedly;
It is characterized in that,
Described consumers is the thin-walled hollow cylinder that is made of high melting point metal materials, and the ratio of the diameter of wherein said hollow cylinder and wall thickness was greater than 10: 1.
2. according to the short-circuit device of claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described hollow cylinder, hold conductive materials.
3. according to the short-circuit device of claim 2, it is characterized in that, mechanical strength and the thermal endurance separator littler than the material of described hollow cylinder is set between described conductive materials and described hollow cylinder.
4. according to each short-circuit device in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that described hollow cylinder is placed and is directed in the gap of described contact electrode.
5. according to each short-circuit device in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that insulator and auxiliary electrode are arranged in fixing contact electrode, wherein said auxiliary electrode is connected with described consumers.
6. according to each short-circuit device in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that the opposite side of described contact electrode comprises complementary conical.
7. according to each short-circuit device in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, described hollow cylinder is included in the structure that distributes on the wall thickness, is used to form current path, thereby produces uneven heating and follow the loss of mechanical strength to produce deformation when electric current loads.
8. according to each short-circuit device in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, between described contact electrode, construct cavity, so that the impaired consumers of holding portion.
9. according to each short-circuit device in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that between described contact electrode, exhaust passage or steam vent are also worked under closure state.
10. according to each short-circuit device in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that producing prestressed equipment is compression spring.
11. a short-circuit device that is used for parts and personal protection that uses in the low-voltage and medium voltage device comprises:
Switch element, described switch element can be handled by the triggering signal of fault determining device;
Two contact electrodes that are oppositely arranged with feeder equipment, wherein said contact electrode on circuit can with the termination contact of different electromotive forces, and described contact electrode mutual relative motion of elastic force support ground execution in short circuit condition under mechanical prestress, if or be in the relative motion that contact element under the prestressing force is carried out described contact electrode, then described contact electrode is by described contact element bridge joint;
Consumers, as the spacer between the described contact electrode, and have electrical connection as one of a side, described contact electrode between as opposite side at described consumers and switch element, so that produce the cause thermal damage that electric current flows that depends on of described consumers targetedly;
It is characterized in that,
Described consumers is by very little line that conductive of material constituted or the rod of fusing integration, wherein said consumers is in extended state under mechanical prestress, and the intermeshing potted component of labyrinth shape is set between described contact electrode, so that the motion support that when electric arc formation and pressure generation, produces movable contact electrode of piston-like or bridge shape contact element.
12. the short-circuit device according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described movable contact electrode constitutes contact bridge between two electric terminals.
13. the short-circuit device according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described switch element is connected on the described movable contact electrode.
14. the short-circuit device according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described switch element is connected on the described fixing contact electrode.
15. short-circuit device according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, described movable contact electrode is constructed to the positive displacement punch of working with fixing jar contact electrode, wherein conductive low melting point is arranged in described jar of contact electrode, forms additional electric bridge between the contact-segment that described material is being oppositely arranged when the submergence punch.
16. a utilization realizes it is characterized in that the method for short circuit in low-voltage device according to each short-circuit device in the aforementioned claim, comprises that the classification of the short-circuit device with following steps is connected:
Driving switch element in short-term after determining failure situations;
Limit the short circuit current that flows through switch element by means of consumers and by the impedance of terminal and the impedance of switch element itself, and electric current is commutated to short-circuiting device from abort situation;
Interrupt short circuit current by switch element at the fixed time, and reload described device with line voltage;
When described failure situations keeps, driving switch element constantly again under possible situation;
Damage consumers, and produce the short circuit that continues, thereby turn-off described device.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005036812 | 2005-08-04 | ||
| DE102005036812.3 | 2005-08-04 | ||
| DE102005048003A DE102005048003B4 (en) | 2005-08-04 | 2005-10-06 | Short-circuiting device for use in low and medium voltage systems for property and personal protection |
| DE102005048003.9 | 2005-10-06 | ||
| PCT/EP2006/063823 WO2007014816A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 | 2006-07-04 | Short-circuiting device for use in low-voltage and medium-voltage systems for the protection of parts and personnel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101278369A true CN101278369A (en) | 2008-10-01 |
| CN101278369B CN101278369B (en) | 2012-07-25 |
Family
ID=37398294
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2006800361893A Expired - Fee Related CN101278369B (en) | 2005-08-04 | 2006-07-04 | Short-circuiting device for protecting components and persons used in low-voltage and medium-voltage installations and method of use |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP1911059B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101278369B (en) |
| AT (2) | ATE463833T1 (en) |
| DE (4) | DE102005048003B4 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL2051275T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007014816A1 (en) |
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| CN105009397A (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2015-10-28 | 德恩及索恩两合股份有限公司 | Overvoltage protection device with short-circuit function for protecting systems and persons |
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-
2005
- 2005-10-06 DE DE102005048003A patent/DE102005048003B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-07-04 DE DE202006020737U patent/DE202006020737U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-07-04 EP EP06777558A patent/EP1911059B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-07-04 CN CN2006800361893A patent/CN101278369B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-07-04 WO PCT/EP2006/063823 patent/WO2007014816A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-07-04 AT AT08018404T patent/ATE463833T1/en active
- 2006-07-04 DE DE502006003948T patent/DE502006003948D1/en active Active
- 2006-07-04 DE DE502006006665T patent/DE502006006665D1/en active Active
- 2006-07-04 PL PL08018404T patent/PL2051275T3/en unknown
- 2006-07-04 EP EP08018404A patent/EP2051275B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-07-04 AT AT06777558T patent/ATE433602T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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| CN102257589A (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2011-11-23 | Abb技术股份公司 | Switch arrangement for medium and high-voltage switching devices |
| CN103109340A (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2013-05-15 | 图皮诺有限公司 | Electromechanical element protecting against excess temperature |
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| CN107968231A (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2018-04-27 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Short switch, repid discharge unit, battery cell and working equipment |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102005048003A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
| DE102005048003B4 (en) | 2008-04-30 |
| ATE433602T1 (en) | 2009-06-15 |
| EP2051275A1 (en) | 2009-04-22 |
| EP2051275B1 (en) | 2010-04-07 |
| DE502006003948D1 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
| DE202006020737U1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
| EP1911059B1 (en) | 2009-06-10 |
| WO2007014816A1 (en) | 2007-02-08 |
| EP1911059A1 (en) | 2008-04-16 |
| CN101278369B (en) | 2012-07-25 |
| PL2051275T3 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
| DE502006006665D1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
| ATE463833T1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
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