CN101276850B - Optical module for solar photovoltaic battery as well as photovoltaic battery - Google Patents
Optical module for solar photovoltaic battery as well as photovoltaic battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN101276850B CN101276850B CN2008100623242A CN200810062324A CN101276850B CN 101276850 B CN101276850 B CN 101276850B CN 2008100623242 A CN2008100623242 A CN 2008100623242A CN 200810062324 A CN200810062324 A CN 200810062324A CN 101276850 B CN101276850 B CN 101276850B
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Abstract
An optical module for solar energy photovoltaic cell, characterized in that comprising a condensing plate and a beam-splitter placed below the condensing plate. The condensing plate condenses the extending sunshine to a series of spaced fin beam arrays. The beam-splitter splits the fine beam to fine beam arrays according to frequency spectrum and is refracted to different geometric positions according to frequency spectrum sequence; the advantages lie in that splitting the sunshine in a light way by the solar energy beam-splitter, the solar beams within different frequency spectrum are focused on a p-n node corresponding to a bandwidth, that is, the luminous energy in the sun spectral distribution is absorbed adequately to be converted to electric energy without waste of heat or loss. Therefore, the photoelectric conversion ratio of the photovoltaic cell using the optical module is extremely improved compared with conventional photovoltaic cell.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optical module and photovoltaic cell that is used for solar-energy photo-voltaic cell.
Background technology
Solar cell is the photovoltaic device that sunlight is converted into electric current, and its topmost technical indicator is a photoelectric conversion efficiency.At present, the research about this respect mainly launches at both direction: solar energy collecting method and branch frequency spectrum absorption process.
At present, many light harvesting devices can reach very high solar energy collecting degree, and the efficient of solar cell system, economy finally are confined on the conversion capability of photovoltaic cell knot.The photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cell knot is very high being with the single frequency spectrum of optimizing.Yet sunlight is the broadband wave spectrum that comprises different spectral, and the whole efficiency of solar cell is owing to it is higher or lower than mutually and should be able to bandwidth frequency rapid reduction partly reduces in frequency.Therefore, scientific and technical personnel have proposed many about receiving same illumination to improve solar spectrum utilance scheme with 2 or more different battery roped party splice grafting that can bandwidth.Wherein, the corresponding corresponding solar energy frequency spectrum of the bandwidth of each selection, thus optimize conversion efficiency.
The vertically stacked of solar cell junction is paid attention in traditional design, and its perfect condition is that each stacked battery junction structure is with respect to specific frequency spectrum and bandwidth optimization.Fig. 1 shows two-stage can be with stacked solar cell knot schematic diagram, and wherein material 1 and material 2 have formed first p-n junction with respect to first bandwidth; Material 2 and material 3 have formed second p-n junction with respect to second bandwidth.Yet this can have many technical bottlenecks that are difficult to overcome with superposition method, electric current compatibility between, boundary reflection loss limited as the transmitance of lattice dislocation, material, the different knot or the like.Be these technological challenges of balance, the stacked number that can be with knot that conventional semiconductor processing is made is very limited.Because each bandwidth according to the different frequency response optimization in the sunlight frequency spectrum, is prescribed a time limit when the stacked number that can be with knot has, the sunlight spectrum width that can utilize becomes very narrow, and both solar energy utilization rate or photoelectric conversion rate became very low.In addition because the making of superposition method relates to the complicated rapid technology of multilayer film, multistep, this caused photovoltaic cell not only costliness but also efficient far below its theoretical value.Just because the complexity and the technology difficulty of superposition method solar cell at present, can be with the feasible stacked number of knot between 2 to 4.
The designer of solar cell is fully recognized that the vertically stacked limitation of solar cell junction, recognizes that p-n junction that parallel (level) arranges can avoid the bottleneck of vertically stacked.Because the p-n junction of parallel arranged can design on different substrates respectively, make to reach optimum organization separately.For example, being with of each p-n junction can need not to consider a series of problems in the superposition method according to wave band optimal design specific in the solar energy frequency spectrum, the photoelectric conversion efficiency that this had not only been avoided complicated manufacture craft but also greatly improved solar cell.In addition, parallel arranged makes more can be with can combine (can reach 6 to 7), has improved the spectral width of the sun that is utilized, and has promptly improved photoelectric conversion efficiency.The design of an optimization can make the transfer ratio of solar energy and electric energy reach 60% to 70%.
Certainly, the p-n junction of parallel arranged also can design, make to reach optimum organization separately with different materials on same substrate.This makes device architecture compact more, but the manufacture craft complexity more next than the selection of substrates of different.
In order to realize the parallel arranged structure, sunlight must be according to the frequency spectrum beam split to different, relevant p-n junctions.This beam split mainly realizes by the optical system based on prism.U.S. Pat 4,069,812 and US6,469,241B1 discloses a kind of curved surface prism lens based on Fresnel Lenses, and its function is with sunlight branch, poly-to different geometric positions.This structure can effectively utilize entire spectrum solar energy, but lens are bigger to the distance of p-n junction panel, and structure is compact inadequately.This is because the degree that its optical system will make the line of frequency spectrum separate is enough big, shines on the relevant p-n junction to guarantee corresponding frequency spectrum.And be continuous frequency spectrum based on the frequency spectrum that the optical system of prism is divided, the frequency spectrum luminous energy between two adjacent battery elements is not effectively utilized.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of optical module that is used for solar-energy photo-voltaic cell and photovoltaic cell that can improve the solar energy utilance effectively.
A kind of optical module that is used for solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, it comprises solar panel and the beam-splitter that places under the described solar panel, described solar panel will be expanded the tiny light beam row that sunlight is compressed into a series of intervals, beam split becomes tiny light beam row and is refracted to different geometric positions according to the frequency range order described beam-splitter according to frequency spectrum with each tiny light beam, described beam-splitter comprises at least one spectrophotometric unit, described spectrophotometric unit comprises first frequency spectrum of transmission, reflects the first miniature optical splitter of other frequency spectrum; Reflect n frequency spectrum, the miniature optical splitter of n of other frequency spectrum of transmission, n=＞2 wherein, described miniature optical splitter is along the direction continuous repeated arrangement vertical with incident beam, the described first miniature optical splitter aligns with the exit facet of described solar panel, and the spacing between the identical miniature optical splitter in the two adjacent groups spectrophotometric unit equals the spacing between adjacent two exit facets of described solar panel.
Described solar panel is a single chip architecture, and described solar panel is a material with optical glass or optical plastic, and the two sides of described solar panel is the different convex lens array of radius.
Described solar panel by at least two lump cokes apart from different be that the array lens of material is formed with optical glass or optical plastic, wherein comprise a major diameter array lens and at least one minor diameter array lens at least.
Described major diameter array lens is the array convex lens, described minor diameter array lens is array convex lens or array concavees lens, described major diameter array lens is no gap to be arranged, in the described minor diameter array lens between adjacent two small diameter lenses by non-optical interval.
The optical axis of described major diameter array lens and described minor diameter array lens align mutually and focus overlapping, form telescopic system.
Described miniature optical splitter is the interferometric filter with incident light major axes orientation angle at 45.
First interferometric filter in the described miniature optical splitter array be low pass filter, other for high-pass filter.
First interferometric filter in the described miniature optical splitter array be high-pass filter, other for low pass filter.
Use the solar cell of above-mentioned optical module, it comprises solar panel and the beam-splitter that places under the described solar panel, described solar panel will be expanded the tiny light beam row that sunlight is compressed into a series of intervals, beam split becomes tiny light beam row and is refracted to different geometric positions according to the frequency range order described beam-splitter according to frequency spectrum with each tiny light beam, described beam-splitter comprises at least one spectrophotometric unit, described spectrophotometric unit comprises first frequency spectrum of transmission, reflects the first miniature optical splitter of other frequency spectrum; Reflect n frequency spectrum, the miniature optical splitter of n of other frequency spectrum of transmission, n=＞2 wherein, described miniature optical splitter is along the direction continuous repeated arrangement vertical with incident beam, the described first miniature optical splitter aligns with the exit facet of described solar panel, spacing between the identical miniature optical splitter in the two adjacent groups spectrophotometric unit equals the spacing between adjacent two exit facets of described solar panel, described beam-splitter is arranged with the strip photovoltaic battery array, described strip photovoltaic battery array spacing is identical with described beam-splitter emergent light spacing, and the tiny light beam column alignment that reflects with the corresponding band order.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that with the solar spectral plate the linear frequency division of sunlight, different frequency spectrum sunlight beam convergences with the corresponding p-n junction of its bandwidth on, be that luminous energy in the sunlight frequency spectrum is fully absorbed and converts electric energy to, and be not wasted into heat energy or lose.Therefore, use the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic cell of this optical module greatly lifting will be arranged than conventional photovoltaic battery.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of overlapping thin film solar battery;
Fig. 2 (a) is a structural representation of the present invention, and wherein 1 is solar irradiation, and 2 is optical module, and 3 is photovoltaic cell;
Fig. 2 (b) is the schematic perspective view of Fig. 2 (a);
Fig. 3 is that beam-splitter is the structural representation of the optical module of a spectrophotometric unit, and wherein 21 is solar panel, and 22 is beam-splitter;
Fig. 4 is that beam-splitter is the structural representation of the optical module of a plurality of spectrophotometric units, and wherein 21 is solar panel, and 22 is beam-splitter;
Fig. 5 is the floor map of the photovoltaic cell 3 of stripe-arrangement, wherein 31 is first group of strip p-n junction array, 3m is a m group strip p-n junction array, 311 is article one p-n junction in first group of p-n junction array, 312 is second p-n junction in first group of p-n junction array, 313 is the 3rd p-n junction in first group of p-n junction array, 31n is a n bar p-n junction in first group of p-n junction array, 3ml is article one p-n junction in the m group p-n junction array, 3m2 is a second p-n junction in the m group p-n junction array, 3m3 is the 3rd p-n junction in the m group p-n junction array, and 3mn is a n bar p-n junction in the m group p-n junction array;
Fig. 6 (a) is the solar panel schematic diagram of single chip architecture, and wherein 1 is solar irradiation, and 21 is solar panel, and 2111 is the plane of incidence, and 2112 is exit facet;
Fig. 6 (b) is the solar panel index path of single chip architecture, wherein B
1And B
2Be respectively the width of light beam of solar panel both sides, the pressure beam ability of solar panel is B
1: B
2
Fig. 7 (a) is the solar panel schematic diagram of biplate structure, and wherein 1 is solar irradiation, and 21 is solar panel, and 2111 is the plane of incidence, and 2112 is exit facet;
Fig. 7 (b) is the solar panel index path of biplate structure, wherein B
1, f
1And B
2, f
2Be respectively the width of light beam and the focal length of incident convex lens array and outgoing convex lens array, the pressure beam ability of solar panel is B
1: B
2
Fig. 8 is the index path of beam-splitter, wherein 2201,2202,2203,220n is respectively with incident light incident direction angle at 45 place first, second, third, the n filter;
Fig. 9 (a) is the transmittance curve of first filter 2201 in the high pass beam-splitter;
Fig. 9 (b) is the transmittance curve of second filter 2202 in the high pass beam-splitter;
Fig. 9 (c) is the transmittance curve of n filter 220n in the high pass beam-splitter;
Figure 10 (a) is the transmittance curve of first filter 2201 in the low pass beam-splitter;
Figure 10 (b) is the transmittance curve of second filter 2202 in the low pass beam-splitter;
Figure 10 (c) is the transmittance curve of n filter 220n in the low pass beam-splitter.
Embodiment
Embodiment describes in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
High-efficiency photovoltaic battery system of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2 (a), and the sunlight 1 of direct projection shines on the optical module 2 from infinite distant place, and sunlight is through being broken down into the light beam of a series of different spectrals behind the optical module 2.Photovoltaic cell 3 under optical module 2, the light beam of corresponding these different spectrals is strip p-n junction arrayed.The bandwidth of these p-n junctions is according to corresponding different spectrum light beam optimizations.The perspective view of this structure is shown in Fig. 2 (b), and obviously optical module 2 is a parallel lighting system of arranging, and this system adopts parallel light splitting technology, the sunlight frequency spectrum is cut apart and delivered to different geometric positions.
The optical module 2 that provides among Fig. 4 is made of solar panel 21 and beam-splitter 22, beam-splitter 22 is made of with incident light vertical direction repeated arrangement a plurality of spectrophotometric units 221 edges, wherein solar panel 21 is a telescopic system, and it will expand sun light beam 1 light beam more tiny than boil down to one according to system compresses; Beam-splitter 22 is an interference filter chip arrays of arranging with incident light direction angle at 45, and it is divided into the wideband incident beam light beam of different frequency range according to the characteristic of interferometric filter.
Place the photovoltaic cell 3 under the optical module 2 to be as shown in Figure 5 strip p-n junction array, wherein 311,312,313 ..., 31n constituted first group pattern 31,3m1,3m2,3m3 ..., 3mn constituted m group pattern 3m.This m group pattern structure is identical, has formed the luminous energy receiver of optical module 2.
Above-mentioned solar panel 21 is a telescopic system, and it can be single chip architecture or multi-sheet structure.Fig. 6 (a) has provided the schematic diagram of the solar panel of its single chip architecture.It is two radius surfaces different the convex lens array, wherein the curvature of the plane of incidence 2111 is less than the curvature of exit facet 2112, promptly the focal length of the plane of incidence 2111 is greater than the focal length of exit facet 2112.Shown in Fig. 6 (b), it is overlapping that the solar panel 21 of this single chip architecture is designed to the focus of convex lens on its two sides, thus width be the light beam of B1 through behind this solar panel 21, according to the system compresses ratio, be compressed to the penlight that width is B2.The optically focused of solar panel 21 is than the radius ratio that is two convex surfaces.
Fig. 7 (a) has provided the solar panel schematic diagram of the biplate structure of being made up of two block array convex lens.Two array convex lens form typical telescopic system, and its light path system is illustrated by Fig. 7 (b).Similar with Fig. 6, it is overlapping that the solar panel of biplate structure is designed to the focus of two array convex lens, so width is B
1Light beam through behind this solar panel, being compressed to width is B
2Penlight.The solar panel of single biplate structure is identical with the operation principle of the solar panel of biplate structure, and its difference is confocal in glass or plastics media for the former, and the latter's confocal point is then in air.
Above-mentioned solar panel 21 is made by optical glass or optical plastic.
Through the sunlight of solar panel 21 compression advance to then by one group with incident light vertical arrangement, its incidence angle be 45 °, with glass or plastics be substrate interferometric filter 2201,2202,2203 ... the spectrophotometric unit 221 that 220n constitutes.The schematic cross-section of this spectrophotometric unit 221 is shown in Figure 8, and interferometric filter wherein is the optical technology of ripe and extensive use.Typical interferometric filter by the non-conductive medium layer of different refractivity alternately stack form.Alternately the thickness and the high and low refractive index of the non-conductive medium layer of stack just can produce desirable interferometric filter centre wavelength and passband width to control these.
Sunlight after compression is during through first filter 2201, the light beam of first frequency spectrum by spectrophotometric unit 221 shine on the corresponding photovoltaic p-n junction, the light beam of residual spectrum is reflected and continues to move ahead.When the light of current line is met second filter 2202, the light beam of second frequency spectrum by the reflection of second filter 2202 by spectrophotometric unit 221 shine on the corresponding photovoltaic p-n junction, the light beam of residual spectrum continued to move ahead by transmission.When the light of current line is met the 3rd filter 2203, the light beam of the 3rd frequency spectrum by the reflection of the 3rd filter 2203 by spectrophotometric unit 221 shine on the corresponding photovoltaic p-n junction, the light beam of residual spectrum continued to move ahead by transmission.Thus repeatedly, meet last a slice n filter 220n up to the light that continues to move ahead, the light beam of n frequency spectrum is shone on the corresponding photovoltaic p-n junction by spectrophotometric unit 221 by n filter 220n reflection.
The interferometric filter 2201,2202,2203 of spectrophotometric unit 221 ... 220n can correspondingly be made as low pass-high-pass structure according to the structure of photovoltaic cell 3, also can be made as high pass-lowpass structures.The spectral distribution of low pass-high-pass structure provides in Fig. 9 (a), Fig. 9 (b) and Fig. 9 (c) respectively.Wherein first filter 2201 (Fig. 9 (a)) transmission shortwave, the reflection long wave (low pass), filter thereafter (Fig. 9 (b) and Fig. 9 (c)) transmission long wave, the reflection shortwave (high pass).Promptly the light beam of first frequency spectrum (transmission) is a short wavelength light, is refracted to the wavelength length increase of photovoltaic p-n junction array thereafter along with the increase spectrophotometric unit 221 of n.
Otherwise the spectral distribution that Figure 10 (a), Figure 10 (b) and Figure 10 (c) have provided high pass-lowpass structures respectively exists.Wherein first filter 2201 (Figure 10 (a)) transmission long wave, the reflection shortwave (high pass), filter thereafter (Figure 10 (b) and Figure 10 (c)) transmission shortwave, the reflection long wave (low pass).Promptly the light beam of first frequency spectrum (transmission) is a longwave optical, and the wavelength length that is refracted to photovoltaic p-n junction array along with the increase spectrophotometric unit 221 of n reduces thereafter.
Obviously, need accurately to align between solar panel 21 and the beam-splitter 22.Because first filter is a transmission-type, filter afterwards is reflective, need be accurately overlapping with first filter from the light beam of solar panel 21.Any coarse alignment all can cause the efficient of photovoltaic cell to reduce, even do not work.
Claims (9)
1. optical module that is used for solar-energy photo-voltaic cell, it is characterized in that it comprises solar panel and the beam-splitter that places under the described solar panel, described solar panel will be expanded the tiny light beam row that sunlight is compressed into a series of intervals, beam split becomes tiny light beam row and is refracted to different geometric positions according to the frequency range order described beam-splitter according to frequency spectrum with each tiny light beam, described beam-splitter comprises at least one spectrophotometric unit, described spectrophotometric unit comprises first frequency spectrum of transmission, reflects the first miniature optical splitter of other frequency spectrum; Reflect n frequency spectrum, the miniature optical splitter of n of other frequency spectrum of transmission, n 〉=2 wherein, described miniature optical splitter is along the direction continuous repeated arrangement vertical with incident beam, the described first miniature optical splitter aligns with the exit facet of described solar panel, and the spacing between the identical miniature optical splitter in the two adjacent groups spectrophotometric unit equals the spacing between adjacent two exit facets of described solar panel.
2. the optical module that is used for solar-energy photo-voltaic cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described solar panel is a single chip architecture, described solar panel is a material with optical glass or optical plastic, and the two sides of described solar panel is the different convex lens array of radius.
3. the optical module that is used for solar-energy photo-voltaic cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described solar panel by at least two lump cokes apart from different be that the array lens of material is formed with optical glass or optical plastic, wherein comprise a major diameter array lens and at least one minor diameter array lens at least.
4. the optical module that is used for solar-energy photo-voltaic cell as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that described major diameter array lens is the array convex lens, described minor diameter array lens is array convex lens or array concavees lens, described major diameter array lens is no gap to be arranged, in the described minor diameter array lens between adjacent two small diameter lenses by non-optical interval.
5. the optical module that is used for solar-energy photo-voltaic cell as claimed in claim 4, the optical axis that it is characterized in that described major diameter array lens and described minor diameter array lens align mutually and focus overlapping, form telescopic system.
6. the optical module that is used for solar-energy photo-voltaic cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described miniature optical splitter for the interferometric filter at incident light major axes orientation angle at 45.
7. the optical module that is used for solar-energy photo-voltaic cell as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that first interferometric filter in the described spectrophotometric unit be low pass filter, other be high-pass filter.
8. the optical module that is used for solar-energy photo-voltaic cell as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that first interferometric filter in the described spectrophotometric unit be high-pass filter, other be low pass filter.
9. solar cell that uses the described optical module of claim 1, it is characterized in that it comprises solar panel and the beam-splitter that places under the described solar panel, described solar panel will be expanded the tiny light beam row that sunlight is compressed into a series of intervals, beam split becomes tiny light beam row and is refracted to different geometric positions according to the frequency range order described beam-splitter according to frequency spectrum with each tiny light beam, described beam-splitter comprises at least one spectrophotometric unit, described spectrophotometric unit comprises first frequency spectrum of transmission, reflects the first miniature optical splitter of other frequency spectrum; Reflect n frequency spectrum, the miniature optical splitter of n of other frequency spectrum of transmission, n 〉=2 wherein, described miniature optical splitter is along the direction continuous repeated arrangement vertical with incident beam, the described first miniature optical splitter aligns with the exit facet of described solar panel, spacing between the identical miniature optical splitter in the two adjacent groups spectrophotometric unit equals the spacing between adjacent two exit facets of described solar panel, described beam-splitter is arranged with the strip photovoltaic battery array, described strip photovoltaic battery array spacing is identical with described beam-splitter emergent light spacing, and the tiny light beam column alignment that reflects with the corresponding band order.
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| CN101276850B true CN101276850B (en) | 2011-02-16 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101789459B (en) * | 2009-01-22 | 2012-03-07 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Solar cell module |
| CN102223108A (en) * | 2010-04-19 | 2011-10-19 | 辜进荣 | Efficient solar energy collecting device and mobile phone thereof |
| CN102281017B (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2013-12-04 | 中海阳新能源电力股份有限公司 | Trough reflector rotation type light-gathering power generation device |
| CN105932953A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-09-07 | 北京信息科技大学 | Photovoltaic module based on spectrums |
| CN106708099A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-24 | 合肥昂宇光电科技有限公司 | High efficiency and energy-saving dual-axis groove type photovoltaic automatic tracking system |
| CN106887997A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-06-23 | 浙江晶科能源有限公司 | A kind of dispersion photovoltaic generating system |
| CN112017867B (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2021-11-09 | 北京科技大学 | Electric signal output element with spectral resolution capability and method |
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