CN101270461A - Method for optimization of titanium alloy beta smithing technological parameter - Google Patents
Method for optimization of titanium alloy beta smithing technological parameter Download PDFInfo
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- CN101270461A CN101270461A CNA2008100975218A CN200810097521A CN101270461A CN 101270461 A CN101270461 A CN 101270461A CN A2008100975218 A CNA2008100975218 A CN A2008100975218A CN 200810097521 A CN200810097521 A CN 200810097521A CN 101270461 A CN101270461 A CN 101270461A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a parameter optimizing method for the Beta forging technique of titanium alloy. The method proposes an empirical formula that Zeta is equal to one second Theta plus 8 Eta; in the formula, Zeta relates to the comprehensive parameters of the Beta forging, the physical meaning of Zeta refers to that the average diameter D of Beta crystal grains and Zeta are in a leaner relation, the Beta forging temperature is equal to subtracting T Beta from T, T relates to the heating temperature of a Beta area and T Beta relates to the temperature of a Beta phase transition point; a heating coefficient Eta is equal to t divided by Delta; wherein, t relates to the heating time of the Beta area and Delta relates to the thickness of a stock; under a certain deformation capacity, the comprehensive parameters of Beta forging, the section shrinkage factor Psi of a cast and the impact tenacity aKU of the cast are all in linear quantitative relations; Zeta and the cracking temper KIC of the cast have a peak quantitative relation. A best stamp forging technique window is obtained and the technique parameters Theta and Eta of the Beta forging that are heated by sections are confirmed to rightly instruct the actual manufacture of the cast according to different mechanical property indexes of the cast required by the design and through the optimizing combination of the quantitative relations. The method and the empirical formula that Zeta is equal to one second Theta plus 8 Eta of the method are suitable for various titanium alloys approximate to Alpha type, Alpha-Beta type and approximate to Beta type.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a method for optimization of titanium alloy beta smithing technological parameter, belongs to materials science field.
Background technology
Nearly α type can obtain four types of microstructures with the alpha-beta Type Titanium Alloy because of thermal distortion technology is different, and wherein the maximum forging of practical application is the bifurcation tissue.Basket tissue and bifurcation tissue relatively have more excellent comprehensive performances, and its fracture toughness, fatigue crack growth resistance, fatigue strength and creep resistance height in the work-ing life of improving member greatly, have huge magnetism to the designer.But basket is organized for a long time and is not accepted by the user of forging, in case mainly be because process optimization is bad, can significantly reduce the plasticity of forging.The plasticity problem that solves the basket tissue is the forged a great problem of titanium alloy beta always.
In order to optimize the titanium alloy beta smithing technological parameter better, many reports about concerning between processing parameter-tissue-performance were once arranged, for example the relation of Heating temperature, heat-up time and β crystal grain diameter; The quantitative relationship research of organizational parameter D, d, b value and mechanical property, and provided experimental formula between them.But do not see the quantitative relationship research between beta forging process parameter-organizational parameter-mechanical property three as yet.Major cause may be that the test error of organizational parameter is bigger.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is that the needs design according to the prior art processes situation provides a kind of method for optimization of titanium alloy beta smithing technological parameter, its objective is the quantitative relationship of directly setting up between beta forging process parameter and the mechanical property, this quantitative relationship not only can be optimized processing parameter, obtain the basket tissue of high-ductility, and can be according to the different performance index request of design needs, optimize different, best beta forging process parameters, thereby easier, control beta forging process accurately and efficiently, correctly instruct the actual production of high quality titanium alloy die forging spare.
Technical solution of the present invention realizes by following measure:
This kind method for optimization of titanium alloy beta smithing technological parameter is characterized in that: this method has proposed an experimental formula:
ζ＝1/2θ+8η
In the formula: ζ is that β forges comprehensive parameters, and the physical significance of ζ is represented β average grain diameter D, and is linear between D and the ζ;
β forges temperature θ=T-T
β, T is a β district Heating temperature, T
βIt is the beta transformation point temperature;
Heating coefficient η=t/ δ, t are β district heat-up times, and δ is a sotck thinkness;
Under the certain deformation amount (ε=10%～60%), β forges comprehensive parameters ζ and the relative reduction in area ψ of forging and the impelling strength a of forging
KUAll be linear quantitative relation; The fracture toughness K of ζ and forging
ICHave the peak value quantitative relationship,,, obtain best contour forging technique window, determine beta forging process parameter θ and η by the optimum combination of above-mentioned quantitative relationship according to the forging different mechanical properties index of design requirements.
The titanium alloy type that this optimization method and experimental formula ζ thereof=1/2 θ+8 η are suitable for is nearly alpha titanium alloy, alpha-beta Type Titanium Alloy and nearly beta titanium alloy.
The acquisition of above-mentioned quantitative relationship is to adopt the beta forging process of zone heating to realize that its technological process is: titanium alloy blank is preheating in resistance furnace, and preheating temperature is beta transformation point (T
β) following 20～40 ℃, increase with sotck thinkness warm up time.Blank behind the preheating insulation is warming up to the above temperature heating of beta transformation point back with stove to be forged.
It is because β in the past forges the methods that blank is directly heated in the β district that adopt more that the beta forging process of employing zone heating obtains quantitative relationship.This heating means have two shortcomings.The one, long in the heat-up time in β district, crystal grain is too grown up; The 2nd, the outside of heating blank is long more a lot of than inner in the heat-up time in β district, causes the difference of inside and outside β grain-size and the difference of tissue and mechanical property.The cross section of blank is big more, and difference is also big more, and especially the homogeneity influence to heavy froging is bigger.The zone heating method that employing combines with the β district in the alpha+beta district, and mainly be in the preheating of alpha+beta district, be rapidly heated then to β district heating, then can shorten greatly, obtains tiny, uniform β grain-size and uniform mechanical property in the heat-up time in β district.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the mechanical property of titanium alloy test stamp work among the inventive method embodiment 1 and the graph of a relation of average grain diameter D and β forging comprehensive parameters ζ, and percentage ratio is represented deflection among the figure.
Fig. 2 is that titanium alloy is produced the relative reduction in area ψ of stamp work and the graph of a relation that β forges comprehensive parameters ζ among the inventive method embodiment 2, and dotted line is represented 95% confidence interval among the figure.
Embodiment
Below with reference to application example the present invention is further described:
Embodiment 1
Given Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe titanium alloy die forging spare design objective is σ
b〉=1080MPa, ψ 〉=20%, a
KU〉=25J/cm
2,
, determine its zone heating beta forging process parameter.
Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe is high molybdenum equivalent alpha-beta Type Titanium Alloy, and its beta transformation point is about 870 ℃.Introduce β forging process parameter θ and η.β forge temperature θ represent β district Heating temperature T (℃) and beta transformation point T
β(℃) temperature head, i.e. θ=T-T
βHeating coefficient η represents the ratio of β district t heat-up time (min) and sotck thinkness δ (100mm), i.e. η=t/ δ.Deflection is represented with ε (%).
At first set up beta forging process parameter and ψ, a by technological test
KU, K
ICQuantitative relationship.Technological test sotck thinkness 100mm, die forging deflection value 10%, 35%, 60%.At III class stove, promptly effectively workspace maximum temperature deviation be not more than ± 10 ℃ resistance furnace in to blank heating, and adopt the silicon controlled rectifier temperature control, temperature-controlled precision ± 2 ℃.Blank shove charge after furnace temperature arrives preheating temperature is placed in effective workspace.At first at T
β-30 ℃ of preheating 60min rise to differing temps heating of β district and die forging then, and the second fiery die forging is carried out in the alpha+beta district.Forging is through 820 ℃/2h, and stove is chilled to 750 ℃/2h, air-cooled+620 ℃/4h, the double annealing of air cooling.Select for use different β forging process parameters (θ, η) to obtain 4 test stamp works.β forging process parameter and relevant mechanical properties are listed in table 1.
Table 1Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe titanium alloy test stamp work room-temperature mechanical property
Annotate: data are 3 sample means.
By calculating to various mathematical models, found experimental formula ζ=1/2 θ+8 η to represent the comprehensive action of θ and η, be referred to as β and forge comprehensive parameters.ζ and ψ, a
KUAll be simple linear relationship, see regression equation (1)～(6) and Fig. 1; ζ and K
ICBe the peak value relation.
ε＝10％ ψ(％)＝51.1476-1.8597ζ R
2＝0.9961 (1)
ε＝35％ ψ(％)＝49.0204-1.2841ζ R
2＝0.9976 (2)
ε＝60％ ψ(％)＝50.6775-1.0199ζ R
2＝0.9945 (3)
ε＝10％ a
KU(J/cm
2)＝42.9381-0.3622ζ R
2＝0.8982 (4)
ε＝35％ a
KU(J/cm
2)＝52.0953-0.4241ζ R
2＝0.8481 (5)
ε＝60％ a
KU(J/cm
2)＝50.7198-0.3956ζ R
2＝0.9502 (6)
As seen from Figure 1, with the increase of ζ, ψ and a
KUValue all is linear and descends.ε is more little for deflection, and the ψ value is more little, and ψ-ζ collinear slope (absolute value) is big more, illustrates that ζ is big more to the influence of ψ value with the reducing of deflection.a
KUWant complicated, a of small deformation 10% with the relation of ε
KUValue is minimum, a of middle distortion 35%
KUValue is maximum, a of gross distortion 60%
KUValue is among the two, but a
KU-ζ collinear slope is close, and three straight lines almost are parallel.From Fig. 1, also see K
ICAnd do not have simple linear relationship between the ζ, but have the peak value relation.When ζ is increased to 12 left and right sides, K
ICReach maximum value.Reason is that the β crystal grain and the α cluster size of basket tissue is increased to a certain degree, makes the tortuous degree and the path of crack propagation reach maximum value, and β crystal grain and α cluster size increase again, and the crack propagation path descends on the contrary.K
ICValue descends with the increase of deflection ε, and ε is the K of 10%～35% scope
ICValue is slower than the lowering speed of 35%～60% scope.
These rules show that the experimental formula ζ that is set up=1/2 θ+8 η have disclosed θ, η and ψ, a well
KU, K
ICBetween mutual relationship, reached the purpose that substitutes 2 parameter θ, η with 1 parameter ζ, thereby made ψ-ζ, a
KU-ζ and K
IC-ζ relation is very simple.In fact the physical significance of ζ is represented the β average grain diameter, and this point linear relationship of crystal grain diameter D and ζ from Fig. 1 can illustrate.Therefore it is more little also just to understand deflection ε easily, and the β crystal grain diameter of ζ value representative is big more to the influence of ψ value.
The definite of embodiment 1 large-scale stamp work processing parameter can carry out according to the following steps: A. determines that by table 1 σ b is little with the variation of ζ and ε, in 1119～1144MPa scope, all satisfies the requirement of 1080MPa, and processing parameter does not limit.B. judge ψ and a by Fig. 1
KUAll descend with the increase of ζ value, and K
ICThen have peak value relation with ζ, in order to obtain the higher comprehensive mechanical property of three, the ζ value is that 6～11 scope is comparatively suitable.C. the practical distortion amount ε according to forging determines the ζ value.The deflection ε of large-scale stamp work is approximately 10%～15%, should choose slightly little ζ value.D. definite zone heating beta forging process parameter: β forging temperature θ=5 ℃; β district 55min heat-up time, heating coefficient η are 0.55, and the ζ value of being calculated by experimental formula ζ=1/2 θ+8 η is 6.9.E. verify the result: the mechanical property of calculating with deflection ε=10% and ζ=6.9 is: ψ=38.3%, a
KU=40.4J/cm2, K
ICApproximately
The measured performance of large-scale stamp work is: σ
b=1128MPa, δ
5=14.5%, ψ=35.6%, a
KU=40.7J/cm2,
(C-L direction).This result shows that measured value and calculated value are more identical, ψ and a
KUError very little, K
ICError big slightly, may be not quite identical relevant with the sampling direction.
Application example 2: given Ti-6Al-2.5Mo-1.5Cr-0.5Fe-0.3Si titanium alloy die forging spare design objective is σ
b〉=980MPa, ψ 〉=25% is determined its zone heating beta forging process parameter.
Ti-6Al-2.5Mo-1.5Cr-0.5Fe-0.3Si is high equivalent thickness of aluminium alpha-beta Type Titanium Alloy, and its beta transformation point is about 970 ℃.At first adopt zone heating β to forge and carried out the different technical parameters test.Forging is through 800 ℃/2h, the common annealing of air cooling.Result of study to this alloy shows that experimental formula ζ=1/2 θ+8 η are suitable equally.9 stamp work test-results have obtained ψ-ζ equation of linear regression formula (7), its coefficient R equally
2Be 0.9873, see Fig. 2.This result further specifies experimental formula ζ=1/2 θ+8 η and is of universal significance.Calculate upper and lower limit equation (8), (9) with 95% degree of confidence by equation (7) and standard deviation S=1.2955 thereof.
ψ(％)＝54.9141-3.5606ζ (7)
Upper limit equation ψ (%)=57.4534-3.5606 ζ (8)
Lower limit equation ψ (%)=52.3748-3.5606 ζ (9)
The definite of the processing parameter of embodiment 2 can carry out according to the following steps: A. σ
bVariation with ζ is little, and all satisfies the requirement of 980MPa, and processing parameter does not limit.B. index ψ 〉=25% substitution, 95% degree of confidence lower limit equation (9) is calculated ζ≤7.69.When C. heating according to the β district, be 40min the heat-up time of last part, and then heating coefficient η is calculated as 0.40.D. with ζ≤7.69 and η=0.40 substitution experimental formula ζ=1/2 θ+8 η, calculate θ≤9.0 ℃.E. definite zone heating beta forging process parameter: β forging temperature θ=5 ℃; Heating coefficient η=0.40, heating maximum duration 40min.
Claims (4)
1. method for optimization of titanium alloy beta smithing technological parameter, it is characterized in that: this method has proposed an experimental formula:
ζ＝1/2θ+8η
In the formula: ζ is that β forges comprehensive parameters, and the physical significance of ζ is represented β average grain diameter D, and is linear between D and the ζ;
β forges temperature θ=T-T
β, T is a β district Heating temperature, T
βIt is the beta transformation point temperature;
Heating coefficient η=t/ δ, t are β district heat-up times, and δ is a sotck thinkness;
Under the certain deformation amount, β forges comprehensive parameters ζ and the relative reduction in area ψ of forging and the impelling strength a of forging
KUAll be linear quantitative relation; The fracture toughness K of ζ and forging
ICHave the peak value quantitative relationship,,, obtain best contour forging technique window, determine beta forging process parameter θ and η by the optimum combination of above-mentioned quantitative relationship according to the forging different mechanical properties index of design requirements.
2. method for optimization of titanium alloy beta smithing technological parameter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the titanium alloy type that this optimization method and experimental formula ζ thereof=1/2 θ+8 η are suitable for is nearly alpha titanium alloy, alpha-beta Type Titanium Alloy and nearly beta titanium alloy.
3. method for optimization of titanium alloy beta smithing technological parameter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: above-mentioned deflection is while value 10%, 35%, 60% on the test stamp work, and the sotck thinkness value is 100mm.
4. method for optimization of titanium alloy beta smithing technological parameter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the acquisition of above-mentioned quantitative relationship is to adopt the beta forging process of zone heating to realize, its technological process is: titanium alloy blank is preheating in resistance furnace, and preheating temperature is beta transformation point (T
β) following 20～40 ℃, increase with sotck thinkness warm up time.Blank behind the preheating insulation is warming up to the above temperature heating of beta transformation point back with stove to be forged.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2020002398A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2020-01-09 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | Titanium alloy structure determination method and titanium alloy production method |
| CN111390081A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-07-10 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation process of TC25G titanium alloy forging with high creep resistance and high fracture toughness |
| CN112642976A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-13 | 太原理工大学 | Two-stage non-isothermal forging method for controlling titanium alloy beta forging texture |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108340132A (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2018-07-31 | 湖北科峰传动设备有限公司 | A kind of flexbile gear and its processing technology for harmonic wave speed reducing machine |
| JP2020002398A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2020-01-09 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | Titanium alloy structure determination method and titanium alloy production method |
| CN110119595A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-13 | 广州致远新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of design method of die-cast aluminum alloy material |
| CN111390081A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-07-10 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation process of TC25G titanium alloy forging with high creep resistance and high fracture toughness |
| CN111390081B (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2022-08-09 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation process of TC25G titanium alloy forging with high creep resistance and high fracture toughness |
| CN112642976A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-13 | 太原理工大学 | Two-stage non-isothermal forging method for controlling titanium alloy beta forging texture |
| CN112642976B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-10-04 | 太原理工大学 | Two-stage non-isothermal forging method for controlling titanium alloy beta forging texture |
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