CN101266606A - On-line data migration method based on Oracle database - Google Patents
On-line data migration method based on Oracle database Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing online data migration based on Oracle database, comprising: prebuilt mv,trigger+procedure and trigger+sql*loader+ programs. The three modes comprise using operation log, total refreshment log and incremental refreshment log, and migration change to complete the data migration. By using the prebuilt mv and trigger+procedure programs according to the invention, the cross-platform, and cross-version data migration can be realized; by using the trigger+sql*loader+ program, the conversion among databases of different character sets can be realized by the text file or communication among process, in order to realize cross-character set migration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a database application technology, in particular to an application technology of an Oracle database.
Background
As database management systems and operating system platforms are being updated at an increasing rate, database engineers often need to perform data migration between two different databases or between two different operating system platforms. Data migration refers to migrating data from one machine to another or from one database to another, and the data (including structure definitions) can operate normally after migration.
In the prior art, a commonly used data migration method mainly includes: inspert @ using export/import (export/import) or export/import (expdp/impdp) provided by Oracle version 10g＊+append＊From db _ link + logging, standby migration mode, data migration by stream and related tools, and mode of combining cross-platform data file conversion based on tablespace transmission and Oracle 10 g. However, these migrators mentioned aboveSome of the formulas have too long downtime, some of the formulas have difficulty in determining the SCN point when the complete synchronization starts, and some of the formulas have no capability of performing data migration across platforms, versions and character sets.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects existing in the data migration based on the Oracle database, the invention provides the method for realizing cross-platform, cross-version, high-efficiency and quick online data migration.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for data migration in a rebuilt mv (materialized view) manner is provided. The method is characterized in that a materialized view is established on a table which is established in advance, when the materialized view is deleted, the originally established table is still reserved, and meanwhile, synchronous data are also reserved. The method adopts the table object as a single object of data migration, and refreshes mv by using a main key aiming at the table object. Firstly, creating mv logs on a source table, and creating a target table with the same structure on a target database; then, creating mv on a target table in a rebuilt mode, and completely refreshing; and an increment refreshing mode is adopted in the subsequent creating process, and when the database needs to be switched, only the incremental log needs to be refreshed, and mv is deleted and the target table is kept. The data migration realized by the method can adopt the following steps:
(1) classifying the table objects according to the preset capacity size, taking the table objects exceeding the preset capacity as a large table, and taking the table objects lower than the preset capacity as a small table;
(2) creating a materialized view log on a source database by taking the large table as a source table;
(3) creating a target table with the same structure as the source table on a target database, and creating a materialized view on the target table in a prebuilt mode;
(4) completely refreshing the synchronous log;
(5) performing incremental refreshing on the synchronization log;
(6) creating program code that can implement automatic incremental refresh;
(7) processing all the large tables according to the steps (2) to (6) in sequence;
(8) for taking insert-＊+append＊From db _ link, marshal the script of insert;
(9) running the insert intro script to perform data migration on the small table; and
(10) and migrating and switching.
More specifically, when performing migration handover, the following series of operations are included: stopping all activities of a source database, waiting for the last batch of logs to finish incremental refreshing, running a small table script and inserting small table data, waiting for all large tables to finish refreshing, deleting mvlog in a source table and mv in a target table, keeping the target table and data, and creating an object with a dependency relationship (such as a self-growing sequence) with the target table.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a method for data migration using a combination of create trigger and create process (trigger + procedure) is provided. The method uses the table object as a single object for data migration and requires the table object to have a primary key. The DML (data management Language) log of the table is first recorded using a trigger and then synchronized with the DML log through a user-defined process. In view of the fact that the method mainly makes up for the defect that the large table is difficult to refresh when the data migration is carried out by adopting a prebuilt mv mode, the following steps are mainly used for refreshing the large table completely:
(1) classifying the table objects according to the preset capacity size, taking the table objects exceeding the preset capacity as a large table, and taking the table objects lower than the preset capacity as a small table;
(2) taking the large table as a source table, and creating a trigger of a data manipulation language on the source table;
(3) creating a target table with the same structure as the source table on a target database;
(4) after the trigger starts to work, loading data in the source table to the target table of the target database in batches;
(5) creating a user-defined process on the target database;
(6) fully refreshing the synchronization log generated by the trigger;
(7) performing incremental refreshing on the synchronization log; and
(8) and migrating and switching.
More specifically, when performing migration handover, the following series of operations are included: and completing the refreshing of the log, deleting the trigger, the process and the scheduled job, and completing the synchronous refreshing of the target table through a user-defined process.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, a method of creating triggers and custom programs and using sql is provided＊loader tool combination (trigger + sql)＊loader + program) to perform data migration. The method mainly utilizes text files or process communication to perform intermediate conversion and utilizes sql to perform intermediate conversion＊The loader loads the data and analyzes the synchronization log according to a program customized by a database engineer. It is noted that with sql＊The loader tool can smoothly guide some data stored in a text file format into an Oracle database, and is a very convenient and common means for data migration among different databases. The method can perform data migration through the following steps:
(1) classifying the table objects according to the preset capacity size, taking the table objects exceeding the preset capacity as a large table, and taking the table objects lower than the preset capacity as a small table;
(2) taking the large table as a source table, and creating a trigger of a data manipulation language on the source table;
(3) creating a target table with the same structure as the source table on a target database;
(4) after the trigger starts to work, loading data in the source table to the target table of the target database in batches;
(5) the middle layer is respectively connected with databases of different character sets by two processes;
(6) fully refreshing the synchronization log generated by the trigger;
(7) performing incremental refreshing on the synchronization log; and
(8) and migrating and switching.
More specifically, the small table loading in step (1) includes two ways: generating a text file by using select or program, through Sql＊loading a loader; directly generating a script of insert intos to a text file and then executing.
More specifically, two schemes can be adopted for synchronizing the logs in the step (6), one scheme is that a DML statement is directly generated on a source according to the logs and is sent to a target for execution in a text mode; the method is characterized in that two processes are utilized in the middle layer and are respectively connected with databases of different character sets, wherein one process is used for analyzing logs, and the other process is used for synchronizing logs.
More specifically, the migration switching in step (8) includes synchronizing the last log and stopping the synchronization process.
By adopting a prebuild mv mode, a trigger + Procedure mode and a trigger + sql mode based on an Oracle database in the invention＊The migration method carried out in the loader + program mode can realize data migration across platforms and database versions and can complete data recombination optimization, wherein trigger + Sql＊The loader + program mode can also realize data migration across character setsAnd moreover, the efficiency of data migration is greatly improved, and the shutdown switching time is reduced.
Drawings
The various aspects of the present invention will become more apparent to the reader after reading the detailed description of the invention with reference to the attached drawings. Wherein,
FIG. 1 illustrates several methods of data migration commonly used in the prior art;
FIG. 2 illustrates three ways in which online data migration may be implemented in the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows an online data migration method based on a rebuilt mv mode in the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows an online data migration method based on trigger + procedure in the present invention; while
FIG. 5 shows the trigger + sql-based approach of the present invention＊An online data migration method in a loader + program mode.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 illustrates several data migration methods commonly used in the prior art, wherein the online data migration can be performed in a manner including standby, stream, and related tools; ways in which data migration can be accomplished requiring a long downtime include expdp/imp or expdp/impdp under Oracle 10g version, taking the instruction insert @＊+append＊From db _ link + nologging dblink mode and surface space transmission. Referring to fig. 1, the above-mentioned several common data migration methods can be performed according to the following procedures, depending on whether online migration is supported:
(1) data migration preparation 100;
(2) a determination 102 of whether to migrate online;
(3) if online migration is not performed, shutdown maintenance 104 is performed;
(4) common migration methods such as export/import, dblink, surface space transport, etc. 106;
(5) if online migration is carried out, adopting 108 of standby, stream and related tools and the like;
(6) a migration switch 110; and
(7) after either 106 or 110 has been performed, the data migration 112 is complete.
FIG. 2 shows three ways of implementing online data migration in the present invention, namely, a prebuilt mv way, a trigger + procedure way, and a trigger + sql＊loader + program mode. The three modes are all used for recording the DML operation log of the source table, and the synchronous log is completely refreshed and incrementally refreshed to realize data migration of table objects with different capacities in the source database. More specifically, the prebuilt mv approach and the trigger + procedure approach can implement cross-platform and cross-version data migration, while the trigger + sql＊The loader + program mode can not only realize cross-platform and cross-version data migration, but also realize cross-character set data migration by utilizing text files or inter-process communication. Referring to fig. 2, several methods of implementing online data migration according to the present invention can be collectively represented by the following flows:
(1) data migration preparation 200;
(2) online data migration 202;
(3) cross-platform, cross-version data migration 204 based on the Oracle database;
(4) cross-platform, cross-version, cross-character set data migration 206 based on an Oracle database;
(5) if the data migration of 204 is performed, a prebuilt mv mode 208 or a trigger + procedure mode 210 may be employed;
(6) if 206 data migration is performed, trigger + sql may be used＊loader + program mode 212;
(7) when the method of executing 208, 210 or 212 implements the data migration, log 214 is recorded;
(8) fully flushing the synchronization log 216;
(9) the synchronization log 218 is incrementally refreshed;
(10) migration switching 220; and
(11) the data migration is completed 222.
Fig. 3, fig. 4, and fig. 5 are specific implementation flows of the above three data migration manners, which are sequentially described below.
FIG. 3 shows an online data migration method based on a rebuilt mv mode in the present invention. The method takes the table object as a single object of data migration, and completes the data migration through the following specific steps:
(1) data migration preparation 300;
(2) treating the table object as a single object for migration 302;
(3) a decision 304 as to whether the table capacity is greater than 100M, wherein the table objects are sorted by capacity size, and the table objects with a capacity of 100M or more are called large tables, and the table objects with a capacity of 100M or less are called small tables;
(4) migrating data in an insert-to-intro manner 306;
(5) a script 308 for sorting insert intro;
(6) running insert intro script to migrate the data in the small table 310;
(7) creating an mv log on a source database to record the DML operation 312 of the source table, wherein an instruction for creating the mv log is 1:
create materialized view log on table_name；
(8) the fully-refreshed synchronization log 314 specifically executes the following instructions:
exec dbms_mview.refresh(‘table_name’，method＝＞’Complete’)；
(9) the incremental refresh synchronization log 316 specifically executes the following instructions:
exec dbms_mview.refresh(‘table_name’)
declare jobid number；
begin
sys.dbms_job.submit(job＝＞jobid，
what＝＞’dbms_mview.refresh(“table_name”)；’，
next_date＝＞sysdate，
interval＝＞’sysdate+1/1440’)；
commit；
end；
and
(10) migration switch 318 and complete data migration 320.
Wherein step migration switch 318, it includes stopping all activities of the source database, waiting for the last batch of logs to finish incremental refresh, running small table script and insert small table data, waiting for all large tables to finish refresh, deleting mvlog in the source table and mv in the target table and retaining the target table and data, creating objects having dependency relationship with the target table (such as self-growing sequence).
FIG. 4 shows an online data migration method based on trigger + procedure in the present invention. The method adopts the trigger to record the DML log of the source table, adopts the user-defined process to synchronize the log to complete data migration, and when the trigger is combined with the user-defined process, the user can write own business requirements in the process according to own needs, and can also refresh the tables in a plurality of databases into one target table, so that the data migration becomes more flexible. The method can be realized by the following specific steps:
(1) data migration preparation 400;
(2) treating the table object as a single object for migration 402;
(3) a decision 404 as to whether the table size is greater than 100M, wherein the table objects are sorted by size, and the table objects with a size of 100M or more are called large tables, and the table objects with a size of 100M or less are called small tables;
(4) migrating data 406 in an insert intro manner;
(5) a script 408 for sorting insert intro;
(6) running insert intro script to migrate the data in the small table 410;
(7) creating a log table 412 on the source database, more specifically, the creation of the log table can be expressed as:
create table REP_TABLE_LOGS
(
REP_KEY NUMBER not null，
DML_TYPE VARCHAR2(1)not null，
DML_TIME DATE default sysdate not null，
REP_FLAG NUMBER default 0 not null
)；
(8) a trigger 414 to create a DML on the source table;
(9) determining if the trigger is to begin operation 416;
(10) loading data of the source table into the target database in batches 418;
(11) creating a procedure on the target database, and completely refreshing the synchronization log 420 generated by the trigger;
(12) incrementally refresh the synchronization log 422; and
(13) migration switch 424 and complete data migration 426.
FIG. 5 shows the trigger + sql-based approach of the present invention＊An online data migration method in a loader + program mode. The method utilizes the communication between text files or processes to perform intermediate conversion so as to realize the completion of the migration of data of different character sets. The migration method can also be implemented by adopting the following steps:
(1) data migration preparation 500;
(2) the table object is treated as a single object for migration 502;
(3) judging 504 whether the table capacity is larger than 100M, classifying the table objects according to the preset capacity size, regarding the table objects exceeding the preset capacity as a large table, and regarding the table objects lower than the preset capacity as a small table;
(4) generating a text file 506 by using select or program;
(5) by sql＊loader loads data 508;
(6) creating a custom program, and starting two processes to be respectively connected with databases 510 of different character sets;
(7) creating a log table 512 on the source database;
(8) a trigger 514 to create a DML on the source table;
(9) determining if the trigger starts to operate 516;
(10) load the data of the source table into the target database in bulk 518;
(11) the middle layer utilizes two processes to respectively connect databases of different character sets, analyze and synchronize the log 520;
(12) the synchronization log 522 is incrementally refreshed; and
(13) migration switch 524 and complete data migration 526.
More specifically, in the step (3), two schemes are adopted for migrating the data in the small table, namely, a text file is generated by using select or a program, and the text file is passed through sql＊loading data by a loader tool; one is to directly generate scripts of insertinto to a text file and execute.
More specifically, in step (11), synchronizing the log may also be implemented by another scheme, that is, directly generating a DML statement on the source database according to the log, and sending the DML statement to the target database for execution in a text file manner.
Hereinbefore, specific embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the drawings. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and substitutions can be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Such modifications and substitutions are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (17)
1. An online data migration method based on an Oracle database is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) classifying the table objects according to the preset capacity size, taking the table objects exceeding the preset capacity as a large table, and taking the table objects lower than the preset capacity as a small table;
(2) creating a materialized view log on a source database by taking the large table as a source table;
(3) creating a target table with the same structure as the source table on a target database, and creating a materialized view on the target table in a prebuilt mode;
(4) completely refreshing the synchronous log;
(5) performing incremental refreshing on the synchronization log;
(6) creating program code that can implement automatic incremental refresh;
(7) processing all the large tables according to the steps (2) to (6) in sequence;
(8) sorting scripts of insertintro for small tables processed by insert/ap pen/intro.. from db _ link;
(9) running the insert intro script to perform data migration on the small table; and
(10) and migrating and switching.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein, when performing step (3), the structure of the source table remains unchanged after the log creation is complete and before the copying of the migration data is complete.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the full flush is performed only when the log is synchronized for the first time.
4. An online data migration method based on an Oracle database is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) classifying the table objects according to the preset capacity size, taking the table objects exceeding the preset capacity as a large table, and taking the table objects lower than the preset capacity as a small table;
(2) taking the large table as a source table, and creating a trigger of a data manipulation language on the source table;
(3) creating a target table with the same structure as the source table on a target database;
(4) after the trigger starts to work, loading data in the source table to the target table of the target database in batches;
(5) creating a user-defined process on the target database;
(6) fully refreshing the synchronization log generated by the trigger;
(7) performing incremental refreshing on the synchronization log; and
(8) and migrating and switching.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein in performing step (1), data migration is performed using insert/+ apend/inte.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the REP _ KEY of the log is used to deposit a primary KEY of the source table, the field type depending on the field type of the source table.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein, when performing step (3), the structure of the source table remains unchanged after the trigger creation is complete and before the copying of the migrated data is complete.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein the trigger can log an operation log of a data manipulation language of the source table.
9. The method of claim 4, wherein creating the user-customized process can synchronize an oplog of the data manipulation language generated by the trigger.
10. An online data migration method based on an Oracle database is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) classifying the table objects according to the preset capacity size, taking the table objects exceeding the preset capacity as a large table, and taking the table objects lower than the preset capacity as a small table;
(2) taking the large table as a source table, and creating a trigger of a data manipulation language on the source table;
(3) creating a target table with the same structure as the source table on a target database;
(4) after the trigger starts to work, loading data in the source table to the target table of the target database in batches;
(5) the middle layer is respectively connected with databases of different character sets by two processes;
(6) fully refreshing the synchronization log generated by the trigger;
(7) performing incremental refreshing on the synchronization log; and
(8) and migrating and switching.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein in performing step (1), for table objects less than the predetermined capacity, a text file is generated using a select instruction or program code, loaded by a Sql loader.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein in performing step (1), scripts for insert intro are generated directly into a text file and executed for table objects smaller than the predetermined capacity.
13. The method of claim 11 or 12, wherein two processes are created using a user-defined program and connected to databases of different character sets for data migration across character sets.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein the trigger can record a data manipulation language oplog of the source table.
15. The method of claim 10, wherein the two processes in step (5) comprise a first process and a second process, the first process being for analyzing logs and the second process being for synchronizing logs.
16. An online data migration system employing the migration method of any one of claims 1, 4, 10.
17. A method of synchronising replication of data between databases using a method as claimed in any of claims 1, 4 and 10.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1477546A (en) * | 2002-08-19 | 2004-02-25 | 万达信息股份有限公司 | Method for duplicating data of identical data table between two data bases |
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