CN101266238B - Cone index instrument and method for measuring soil cone index - Google Patents

Cone index instrument and method for measuring soil cone index Download PDF

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CN101266238B
CN101266238B CN2008100578618A CN200810057861A CN101266238B CN 101266238 B CN101266238 B CN 101266238B CN 2008100578618 A CN2008100578618 A CN 2008100578618A CN 200810057861 A CN200810057861 A CN 200810057861A CN 101266238 B CN101266238 B CN 101266238B
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cone index
current
load current
cone
instrument
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CN101266238A (en
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孙宇瑞
曾庆猛
马道坤
林剑辉
孟繁佳
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China Agricultural University
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China Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a cone index penetrometer and a method for measuring the soil cone index, wherein the current sensor for cone index penetrometer is instead of the pressure sensor and is used for measuring the current of the driving motor. The method comprises: measuring the no-load current of the driving motor in cone index penetrometer under no-load condition; measuring the working current of the driving motor in the cone index penetrometer under busy condition; obtaining the load current based on the difference value of the no-load current and working current; the pressure of the cone bottom of the cone index penetrometer obtained by load current being divided by the cone bottom surface area of the cone index penetrometer to obtain the soil cone index penetrometer. The invention can simplify the structure of motor driven type cone index penetrometer, reduces the cost, and helps to popularize the motor driven type cone index penetrometer.

Description

The method of a kind of cone index instrument and measured soil cone index
Technical field
The present invention relates to the agricultural engineering field, be specifically related to the method for a kind of cone index instrument and measured soil cone index.
Background technology
The soil compression degree not only influences the growing way of crops, also has influence on trend such as soil degradation, weathering.Especially in recent years along with the extensive application of large-scale agricultural machinery, the negative effect that soil compression brought has caused increasing concern.For objective evaluation soil compression degree, the quantification performance index of accepting extensively in the world are soil cone indexs.For the measuring equipment (being the cone index instrument) and the measuring process working specification of soil cone index, detailed description has been done by american agriculture engineering association (ASAE) in its association criterion ASAE Standard S313.3FEB04 and ASAE Standard EP542FEB99.Stipulated that in this standard the gait of march when the cone index instrument inserts soil should remain on 30mm/s.And when manual operations, allow insertion speed remain on the constant speed, be very difficult.This defective that exists when overcoming manual operations, Canadian scholar G C Topp proposed to adopt motor-driven cone index instrument (seeing U.S. Patent Publication No. US5663649, in February, 1997) in 1997.Present patent application person has also proposed the thought (see Chinese utility application numbers 200420120131.5 and application for a patent for invention number 200510063149.5) based on the motor-driven cone index instrument of another kind of principle in 2004.The above cone index instrument of developing is operated under motor-driven, all can operate with a constant speed, thereby satisfy the ASAE standard.
But after increasing motor-driven, make the structure of whole cone index instrument become complicated, cost increases.Therefore how simplified apparatus structure reduces cost that it is further perfect to become this equipment, the important step of popularization.
Mentioned cone index instrument in utility model patent ZL 200420120131.5 and patent of invention 200510063149.5, it is to insert soil by the vertical awl of motor-driven with the constant speed of 30mm/s, by the pressure transducer that is connected vertical awl upper end real-time obtain suffered soil resistance, thereby obtain the cone index of soil.Wherein adopt the high-precision pressure sensor based on the foil gauge principle, it needs supporting high-precision signal amplifier and high stability bridge power supply, and price is therefore higher.For example adopt the c9B type pressure transducer of German HBM company, about 600 dollars of price accounts for 1/5 of whole measuring system cost.Therefore motor-driven cone index instrument ubiquity complex structure of the prior art, problem that cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming that cost is too high, general structure is too complicated that exists when on motor-driven cone index instrument, taking conventional pressure sensor measured soil cone index, the method for a kind of cone index instrument and measured soil cone index thereof is provided.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of method of measured soil cone index, this method may further comprise the steps:
S1: measure under light condition the no-load current of drive motor in the cone index instrument;
S2: the working current of drive motor in the cone index instrument under the surveying work state;
S3: the difference according to described no-load current and working current is obtained load current;
S4: according to formula
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000439613800011
Obtain cone index instrument awl end pressure, wherein, f pBe cone index instrument awl end pressure, I is a load current, and K is the moment coefficient of described drive motor, and r is the radius of turn of described drive motor gear train, described cone index instrument awl end pressure obtains measured soil cone index divided by cone index instrument awl bottom surface area.
In this method, in step S1, measured no-load current value is stored in the storer of soil cone index instrument, and after step S4, circulation execution in step S2 finishes to step S4 to measurement, obtains the soil cone index of continuous coverage.
In this method, in step S1 and step S2, record described no-load current and working current respectively with Hall current sensor.
In this method, in step S1 and S2, at an end of the described direct current generator resistance that is connected in series, the two ends of described resistance also are connected to voltage sensor, obtain described no-load current and working current respectively according to the voltage and the described resistance of described voltage sensor.
Use the invention provides the method for a kind of cone index instrument and measured soil cone index thereof, has the following advantages:
1. it is low to measure cost, the price of the pressure transducer of the price of Hall current sensor under the equal accuracy;
2. simplified the structure of soil cone index instrument, originally the adopts pressure sensor method is measured cone index instrument pressure, pressure transducer is except complex structure own, volume are big, also need the high precision amplifying circuit of supporting special use, the circuit connecting mode complexity, and adopt Hall current sensor, its circuit connecting mode is simple, volume is little, has simplified the structure of soil cone index instrument to a great extent.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of measured soil cone index of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that embodiment of the invention Hall current sensor is connected schematic block diagram with original soil cone index instrument;
Fig. 3 is the actual connection diagram of embodiment of the invention Hall current sensor;
Among the figure: 1, direct supply; 2, Hall current sensor; 3, direct current generator; 4, dc motor power line.
Embodiment
The method of the measurement cone index that the present invention proposes is described as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Be illustrated in figure 1 as the method flow diagram of measured soil cone index of the present invention, this method mainly comprises step: measure under light condition the no-load current of drive motor in the cone index instrument; The working current of drive motor in the cone index instrument under the surveying work state; Difference according to described no-load current and working current is obtained load current; Obtain cone index instrument awl end pressure according to described load current, pressure obtains measured soil cone index divided by cone index instrument awl bottom surface area.
The following describes the present invention can utilize load current to try to achieve the principle of cone index instrument awl end pressure.
For the common DC motor that the drive motor that adopts in the motor-driven soil cone index instrument is, its working current I aAnd exist following linear relationship between torque M:
M＝KI a (1)
In the formula (1) K be moment coefficient (Torque constant, Nm/A), in the prior art, moment coefficient is relevant with the model of drive motor, whenever select a kind of drive motor of model, the parameter of given one group of this model drive motor of its instructions meeting wherein just comprises moment coefficient.
According to prior art mechanics and dynamo-electric theoretical, the motor driving system further combined with motor-driven cone index instrument has again:
MΩ＝KI aΩ＝(f p+f M-mg)v (2)
M is torque in the formula (2), and Ω is the angular velocity of rotation of drive motor, and K is a moment coefficient, I aBe working current, f pFor the conical rod of motor-driven cone index instrument enters the resistance that is subjected in the soil horizon process, i.e. cone index instrument awl end pressure, f MBe the frictional resistance of motor-driven cone index instrument mechanical system, m is the gross mass of moving component on the cone index instrument measurement mechanism, and v is the rotational line speed of drive motor.
Because the angular velocity of rotation Ω of the drive motor in the motor-driven cone index instrument and the relation of gear train radius of turn r:
r＝v/Ω (3)
So the rotational line speed v=r Ω of drive motor, the expression formula substitution formula (2) with v can further obtain working current I aWith cone index instrument awl end pressure f pBetween relation:
I a = r K ( f p + f M - mg ) - - - ( 4 )
Be in light condition at the cone index instrument, when promptly the conical rod of cone index instrument does not also contact soil, cone index instrument awl end pressure f pBe zero, at this moment, the drive motor electric current of cone index instrument is called no-load current I 0, according to formula (4), no-load current I 0For:
I 0 = I a | f p = 0 = r K ( f M - mg ) - - - ( 5 )
When the cone index instrument is worked, with the working current I of drive motor aDeduct above-mentioned no-load current I 0, being the actual loading electric current I of motor, this electric current is by cone index instrument awl end pressure f pProduced, according to formula (4) and formula (5), this relation is embodied as:
I = I a - I 0 = r K f p ⇒ f p = K r I - - - ( 6 )
Formula (6) is the present invention can try to achieve cone index instrument awl end pressure f with the load current of drive motor pTheoretical foundation and method foundation, following formula shows drive motor load current and cone index instrument awl end pressure f pBecome exact linear relationship.Obtain cone index instrument awl end pressure f pAfter, divided by cone index instrument awl bottom surface area, obtain measured soil cone index.
Embodiment
Measure the no-load current and the working current of drive motor in the present embodiment by Hall current sensor, the concrete Hall current sensor CS010G that adopts camellia port, Nanjing connection sensing observation and control technology company limited, this current sensor is voltage-type output, calculate measured electric current by its output voltage according to the voltage/current conversion coefficient and the supply voltage of current sensor, model is that the input supply voltage of the Hall current sensor of CS010G is 5V, and the voltage/current conversion coefficient is 0.2VA -1It is the direct current generator of M63x60/I that drive motor adopts the model of German Kahlig Antriebstechnik company, and its gear train radius of turn is 9.5mm, and moment coefficient is 3.1Nm/A
Embodiment of the invention Hall current sensor as shown in Figure 2 is connected schematic block diagram and the actual connection diagram of embodiment of the invention Hall current sensor shown in Figure 3 with original soil cone index instrument, Hall current sensor 2 is connected with direct supply 1 among the figure, the dc motor power line 4 of direct current generator 3 is passed at its boring position, and that record by induction is the working current I of direct current generator a, but export with voltage form.
Direct supply output current I aAs the working current of direct current generator, Hall element surveying work electric current I aAnd convert output voltage V to Out, under the situation of zero load, at first measure empty load of motor working current I 0Pairing Hall element output voltage V Out', according to the computing formula that manufacturer's product application manual provides, relation between the two is shown below
V out＝I aR+0.5V cc
(7)
V out′＝I 0R+0.5V cc
In the formula, V CcBe the Hall current sensor supply voltage, R is the voltage/current conversion coefficient.The Hall element output voltage V Out' value only relevant with the structural parameters of cone index instrument, variation in time admittedly this value can be noted as an additional parameter of cone index instrument structure, does not need duplicate measurements.During real work, when being about to the conical rod insertion soil of cone index instrument, the voltage of Hall current sensor output services electric current correspondence is V Out
Can draw according to foregoing formula (6) and the above formula of formula again
f p = V out - V out ′ R · K r - - - ( 8 )
Formula can be tried to achieve cone index instrument pressure by current sensor thus, is equal to the pressure transducer effect.Again with the conical bottom surface area of pressure divided by the cone index instrument, that is noted is soil cone index.Thereby realized that application Hall current sensor measured soil circular cone refers to.
Therefore, adopt motor power to consume the method for method measured soil cone index in the present embodiment, this method comprises the steps:
Step 1: the Hall current sensor that will determine model and parameter is connected on the original structure of motor-driven cone index instrument by Fig. 1 and mode shown in Figure 2, replace its pressure transducer, be used to measure electrical consumption energy (being working current), for determined Hall current sensor, must know its voltage/current conversion coefficient R and supply voltage V Cc, this parameter is determined by the model of the Hall current sensor of selecting for use in the reality, is not needed the user to set up on their own;
Step 2: the output voltage V of measuring Hall element under the light condition Out', calculate unloaded motor working current I according to formula (7) 0, this numerical evaluation once gets final product;
Step 3: the output voltage V of measuring Hall element under the normal operating conditions Out, calculate motor working current I according to formula (7) a
Step 4: according to the empty load of motor electric current I 0With the working current I under the normal operating conditions aDifference, calculate the actual loading electric current I;
Step 5:, calculate cone index instrument pressure f according to formula (6) by known direct current generator parameter (gear train radius of turn r and motor torque COEFFICIENT K) and actual loading electric current I that step 4 calculated p
Step 6: the cone index instrument pressure f that step 5 is calculated pDivided by cone index instrument awl bottom surface area, can try to achieve measured soil cone index.
After step 6 finishes, return step 3 again, continue to measure, until finishing all scheduled measurement work next time.
In the present embodiment set by step one install after, under light condition, two to record its unloaded motor working current be 1142mA set by step; In a certain soil, three measure to such an extent that motor working current at this moment is 3048mA set by step; Four to calculate the actual loading electric current be 1906mA set by step; Five to calculate cone index instrument pressure be 622N set by step; Six soil cone indexs that calculate this moment are 4.78MPa set by step.If want continuous coverage, then only need repeating step three to get final product to step 6.
The method of cone index measuring instrument of the present invention and measurement cone index, after adopting direct current generator to drive, according to dynamo-electric transfer principle, cone index instrument stressing conditions will be relevant with motor power consumption (being working current), further reducing cost under assurance measuring accuracy prerequisite, then is that the perfection that its novelty combines with practicality embodies.
Obtain the drive motor no-load current of cone index instrument and the mode of working current among the present invention, the voltage output type current sensor that is not limited to adopt in the present embodiment, can adopt electric current output type current sensor, or in the loop of direct current generator and direct supply composition, a resistance is connected in series, directly measure the voltage of series resistor with voltage sensor, and then also can obtain the no-load current and the working current of drive motor, no matter what mode of employing, adopt any equipment, as long as be equal to no-load current and working current that usefulness of the present invention records, according to load current and cone index instrument pressure f pLinear relationship obtain the method for cone index that need to measure, all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. the method for a measured soil cone index is characterized in that, this method may further comprise the steps:
S1: measure under light condition the no-load current of drive motor in the cone index instrument;
S2: the working current of drive motor in the cone index instrument under the surveying work state;
S3: the difference according to described no-load current and working current is obtained load current;
S4: according to formula
Figure FSB00000458231800011
Obtain cone index instrument awl end pressure, wherein, f pBe cone index instrument awl end pressure, I is a load current, and K is the moment coefficient of described drive motor, and r is the radius of turn of described drive motor gear train, described cone index instrument awl end pressure obtains measured soil cone index divided by cone index instrument awl bottom surface area.
2. the method for measured soil cone index as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step S1, measured no-load current value is stored in the storer of soil cone index instrument, after step S4, circulation execution in step S2 finishes to step S4 to measurement, obtains the soil cone index of continuous coverage.
3. the method for measured soil cone index as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in step S1 and step S2, records described no-load current and working current respectively with Hall current sensor.
4. the method for measured soil cone index as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step S1 and S2, at an end of the described drive motor resistance that is connected in series, the two ends of described resistance also are connected to voltage sensor, obtain described no-load current and working current respectively according to the voltage and the described resistance of described voltage sensor.
CN2008100578618A 2008-02-19 2008-02-19 Cone index instrument and method for measuring soil cone index Expired - Fee Related CN101266238B (en)

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CN105571953A (en) * 2016-03-14 2016-05-11 中国人民解放军军事交通学院 Portable soil measuring test device
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Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2758741Y (en) * 2004-12-24 2006-02-15 中国农业大学 Synchronous realtime measurer for soil section conic index and water ratio
CN1815228A (en) * 2005-04-05 2006-08-09 中国农业大学 Composite sensor for synchronous real-time measuring three parameters and measuring apparatus

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2758741Y (en) * 2004-12-24 2006-02-15 中国农业大学 Synchronous realtime measurer for soil section conic index and water ratio
CN1815228A (en) * 2005-04-05 2006-08-09 中国农业大学 Composite sensor for synchronous real-time measuring three parameters and measuring apparatus

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JP特开2006-226000A 2006.08.31
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