CN101266235A - Polluted water body deposit environment-friendly dredging depth determination method - Google Patents
Polluted water body deposit environment-friendly dredging depth determination method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a determining method for polluted water bed mud environmental protection dredging depth, comprising analyzing and evaluating the releasing risk and ecological hazard risk of the pollutant at different layer side of the mud based on the vertical distribution of the pollutant in the bed mud by researching the relation of the releasing of bed mud pollutant nitrogen, phosphor or the like and the corresponding pollutant content and the ecological hazard evaluation corresponding with the content of the bed mud pollutant containing heavy metal; and determining the bed mud dredging depth based on the divided corresponding risk grade. After dredging, the anticipated release rate of the key pollutant such as nitrogen, phosphor at the new surface layer of bed mud-hydrosphere achieves or exceeds a release intensity threshold and the latent ecological hazard index of the heavy metal at the new surface layer of bed mud achieves or exceeds a hazard threshold, therefore the basis of the dredging depth is determined.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for determining of polluted water body deposit dredging work parameter, is a kind of polluted water body deposit environment-friendly dredging depth determination method of purpose especially for lake water correction and ecological protection.
Background technology
Environmental dredging is an environmental engineering class operation that improves water environment by removal contaminative bed mud, control presence of pollution sources, because fund input is higher relatively, bigger to the human intervention of environment, therefore whether rationally correctly drop into, whether the environment output is satisfied with, often the problem of decision maker's overriding concern.Under the situation that the dredging scope is determined, influence fund input and the topmost construction parameter of environment output is exactly a dredging depth.
In completed domestic and international bottom mud in lake dredging work, the effect after the dredging is always ineffective.This is wherein a kind of to be the character of bed mud own on vertical difference is less, for such lake, no matter adopts what dredging depth, all is difficult to the dredging effect that obtains; But most applications then is that there is a suitable dredging depth (or layer position) in the bed mud of pollution itself, if can not rationally this degree of depth can not obtain satisfied dredging effect with determining accurately, even completely loses the control that pollutants in sediments is discharged.Therefore dredge Scheme Decision-making person and whether scientifically adopt dredging depth to determine method, will form material impact the input and the environment output of dredging work.Yet, not only ununified about the polluted bed mud dredging depth determination method, and also there is big problem in each comfortable scientific and reasonable aspect, and existing method mainly contains following several:
(1) top and bottom process.This method is at the cylindrical sample to gathering, mainly carry out layering (3-4 layer usually) according to the outward appearance of bed mud (as the thickness of color and luster, particle and fluidised form etc.), and then the layering sample carried out the target contaminant content analysis, the size that compares pollutant load in each layering sample, thereby the layer position of definite dredging.The error of this method can depend on people's visual inspection ability morely, and naked eyes are the sizes that are difficult to tell pollutant load in the bed mud, so this method blindness is big, and the dredging success ratio is little.As being exactly the bed mud dredging depth that adopts this method to determine in the dredging of Kunming Dianchi lake (first phase) and Chaohu, Anhui.
(2) break method.This is the method (Wu Yonghong etc., 2005) that China more often adopts when most of polluted bed muds of dredging the lake define after the nineties in 20th century.The lake that influenced by human activity has pollutant load in the upper layer sediment to be higher than the feature of lower floor usually, this method is passed through Analysis of contaminant in the bed mud, the variation that obviously reduces or transfer appears in the process vertically downward according to major pollutants content, resistant strata or historical accumulation layer (entering the less change of content of the most of material of this layer usually) are then thought in the layer, the bottom that its top mud layer are defined as being subjected to " pollution ", this turning point place is defined as the polluted bed mud degree of depth with the vertical range that arrives the bed mud interface, and dredging depth is generally less than and equals the polluted bed mud degree of depth.What in fact this definite method used is pollutant load height in the sediment, and pollution level is with regard to big notion.But some only is that content is higher than so-called background content for the bed mud on the turning point, might not be pollutional condition, so the policy-making error that this method produced is also bigger usually.Adopted this method as the XuanWu Lake, Nanjing, Wuhan lunar lacus.
(3) background value relative method.This method be with unpolluted bed mud (usually the degree of depth greater than more than the 30cm) as reference, adopt mathematical method that corresponding pollutant load in the pollutant load in the bed mud is compared, thereby determine the contaminated degree of depth of bed mud.According to the study, bed mud is polluted approximately originates in the 19th-century end that the industrial revolution begins, but the stage that influence degree strengthens is then mainly after the 1950's.To lower floor's migration, this actual sediment layer has been difficult to acquisition on nearly top layer because it is serious relatively regional to need the water body of dredging to be usually located at pollution, and the pollutant in these regional top layer bed muds can be passed in time; And the content of pollutant is not the low distribution of the high lower floor in upper strata always yet in the subaqueous deposit bed mud, and lower floor's situation higher than upper strata content can account for about 1/3 (in Taihu Lake lower floor bed mud pollutant load even exceed more than 2 times of upper strata content).Therefore select for use a bottom layer bed mud not have universality as low background, still inapplicable.This method has been adopted in Japan Xia Puhu, Kunming Dianchi lake (second phase) dredging.
Above method is except that mentioned defective, and common problem is that newborn bed mud top layer is to the state that influences of water body after not considering that all the dredging layer is determined.In fact, judge the quality of a polluted lake dredging effect, do not see mainly how many polluted bed muds whether it removed or removed how many pollutants, and mainly look dredging back overlying water whether be subjected to from bed mud and exceed the pollution effect that people accept level, and whether bed mud has higher potential hazard.After implementing dredging, to produce a newborn top layer with respect to former bed mud top layer, and former bed mud-water termination changes newborn top layer bed mud-water termination into, so not only bed mud will change to the potential hazard or the ecological risk of surrounding environment, and will produce new mass exchange relation between overlying water and bed mud on the interface.Therefore must know determined dredging depth before dredging, endogenously whether produce control to what dredge newborn top layer, back bed mud, act on muchly, whether pollutant reduces the ecological risk of surrounding environment in the bed mud of newborn top layer, and degree is as key issue how.Obviously, determining of environment-friendly dredging depth must be considered the behavior of pollutant newborn top layer bed mud-water termination after dredging, uses the quantitative parameter (migration rate) of pollutant in the interface exchange, in conjunction with newborn top layer, dredging back pollutants in sediments ecological risk, determine the bottom mud in lake dredging depth simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned defective, set up and a kind of bed mud is discharged the polluted water body deposit environment-friendly dredging depth determination method that risk and ecological hazard risk assessment combine, can not science and the focus problem of definite bed mud dredging depth effectively to solve in the environmental dredging solution formulation.The invention thinking is at first to consider the behavior of pollutant newborn top layer bed mud-water termination after dredging, use the quantitative parameter (migration rate) of pollutant in the interface exchange, in conjunction with newborn top layer, dredging back pollutants in sediments ecological risk, determine the bottom mud in lake dredging depth simultaneously.Obtain from the existing research of applicant, whether overlying water is subjected to the sediment pollution influence, adopts this intensity factor reflection of target contaminant rate of release, promptly mud district bed mud is carried out release experiment and obtains the interface exchange parameter; Whether bed mud has higher potential ecological hazard, then estimates according to having the pollutant of material impact to compose this range factor of storage to biology in the bed mud.Overlying water actual institute in newborn top layer, reflection dredging back is influenced emphatically for the former, and the latter then emphasizes the potential hazard that newborn top layer surrounding environment may be suffered.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of polluted water body deposit environment-friendly dredging depth determination method, it is characterized in that by research pollutants in sediments nitrogen, phosphorus etc. release with the relation of corresponding pollutant load, and pollutants in sediments comprises the pairing ecological hazard evaluation of content of beary metal, according to the vertical distribution of pollutant in bed mud, the pollutant of analyzing and estimating on the bed mud different layers position discharges risk and ecological hazard risk, and, determine the bed mud dredging depth according to the respective risk grade of being divided; Be specially: after dredging, major pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus meet or exceed certain release strength threshold value in the expection rate of release of newborn top layer bed mud-water termination, the newborn top layer potential ecological hazard index of bed mud heavy metal meets or exceeds the harm threshold value and determines foundation as dredging depth.
At first to the column bed mud of the different pollution levels of research water body collection be carried out the pollutant release experiment and measure corresponding top layer pollutants in sediments content, obtain the mathematical expression relation of pollutant rate of release and corresponding pollutant load, divide each the pollutant rate of release codomain that discharges risk class and correspondence; Be specially: carry out the collection of column core, layering and bed mud total nitrogen and total phosphorus content analysis, again according to the different bed mud total nitrogen content of proterties and the corresponding relations of ammoniacal nitrogen rate of release, total phosphorus content and phosphate radical phosphorus rate of release represented in the same water body, its degree of confidence 〉=90% (P≤0.10), after being attained at the dredging of the vertical arbitrary layering of bed mud position, the expection rate of release value of the ammoniacal nitrogen of the newborn top layer-water termination that is produced and phosphate radical phosphorus; Described release strength threshold value is in the algae of satisfying the minimum requirements of eutrophication water nitrogen and phosphorus content is doubled growth period, by bed mud release the contribution of water column nitrogen and phosphorus load is accounted for whole sources the water column nitrogen and phosphorus load was contributed 50% o'clock, the release strength of bed mud is determined in the water column at this moment.
Newborn top layer bed mud heavy metal potential hazard index is according to the vertical middle content of beary metal of column bed mud, uses Lars
The potential ecological hazard index of sediment (RI) computing method are assessed.Its harm threshold value is RI 〉=300.
All mud layers that one of meets the following conditions will be as dredging mud layer to be recommended: the expection ammoniacal nitrogen rate of release of (1) former top layer or newborn top layer bed mud-water termination 〉=corresponding release strength threshold value; (2) the release strength threshold value of the expection phosphate radical phosphorus rate of release 〉=phosphate radical phosphorus of newborn top layer bed mud-water termination; (3) the harm threshold value of the potential ecological hazard index 〉=assessment of this newborn top layer bed mud; Begin and to lower floor from the top layer bed mud, first the discontented newborn top layer that is enough to one of three conditions occurs, and the thickness of all mud layers of its top (comprise former top layer and down continuous newborn top layer under mud layer) will be defined as dredging depth.
Bed mud release experiment and ecological hazard evaluation method are two key contents among the present invention.
Bed mud release experiment purpose is to obtain the bed mud rate of release, its method is by inventor's design (model Cheng Xin etc., 2002), its step and method are: indoor with the column bed mud sample gathered at the middle and upper levels water body take out with siphonage, the former sampled point water sample that instils and to have filtered along wall with siphonage, the place stops to a certain height of liquid level, the mark scale.Other gets the clean sampling pipe of 1 deposit-free, and the lower end is with skin plug jam-pack, water sample filling operation and require the same, sample in contrast.All sample pipes are all vertically put into the constant constant temperature water bath device under assigned temperature, cover light and cultivate.Get former water sample and make initial sample, after this at the appointed time in water column, take a sample, be supplemented to scale with former sampling point inceptive filtering water sample simultaneously.In the time determined sample until finish thereafter.Adopt suitable method that target contaminant is analyzed.Rate of release is calculated as follows:
In the formula, r-release rate (mg/m
2.d); Overlying water volume (L) in the V-post; Cn, Co, C
J-1-Di n time, initial and material content (mg/L) when sampling for j-1 time; Ca-adds the content of material (mg/L) in the water sample; V
J-1J-1 sampling volume of-Di (L); Water in the A-post sample-sediment contact area (m
2); T-release time (d).
That the ecological hazard evaluation method adopts is Sweden scientist Lars
(1980) method of Yan Jiu the potential ecological hazard index of a kind of evaluation sediment (RI).Up to the present the pollutant that relates to this evaluation method is heavy metal.The heavy metal main harm approach of its consideration is: water → sediment → biology → fish → human body.According to this method, the potential ecological hazard coefficient (E of i heavy metal species in a certain area deposition thing
r i) and sediment in the potential hazard index (RI) of various heavy can be expressed as respectively:
In the formula: T
r iBe the toxic factor of heavy metal i, mainly reflect the toxic level and the biological sensitivity of heavy metal, characterize heavy metal to human body with to the harm of aquatic ecosystem to heavy metal pollution; C
f iFor single heavy metal pollution coefficient (
); C
s iBe the measured value of surface deposit heavy metal i content, C
n iBackground value for corresponding heavy metal i in the not comtaminated sediment in locality.Part heavy metal (or metalloid) toxic factor T
r iDefinite value be: As, 10; Cd, 30; Cr, 2; Cu, 5; Hg, 40; Pb, 5; Zn, 1.
Advantage of the present invention and effect: the dredging depth that this method is considered is from suppressing endogenous pollution, alleviate the environmental protection target of ecological risk, and given dredging depth not only can improve the dredging effect, and can evade the dredging risk to large extent.Owing to reduced the blindness (as backbreaking) during dredging depth is determined, so can save certain dredging input.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the inventive method step synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, be example with Taihu Lake Wu Lihu dredging.
1. representative district bed mud collection: select representative Mei Liang gulf, lake region (three mountains), Taihu Lake, Gong Hu (the tribute middle of a lake), Zhu Shanhu (outside the YAP port), eastern Taihu Lake (too Pukou), go into western littoral (folder Pu), south littoral (harbour, Changxing), northwest bank (Yin Cun harbour) and the northeast bank (harbour, brook) of lake region, lake, and Mei Liang Hunan portion opens wide 9 sampled points such as lake region, and each gathers column bed mud 〉=2 piece;
2. nitrogen phosphorus release experiment: get wherein and carry out 25 ℃ of following constant temperature and discharge, obtain ammonia nitrogen (NH respectively
3-N) and phosphate radical phosphorus (PO
4 3--P) rate of release (mg/m
2.d);
3. substrate sludge nitrogen phosphorus in top layer is analyzed: remaining another root post sample is got top layer (0-5cm), analyze its total nitrogen and total phosphorus content.
4. rate of release and relation with contents are set up: analytically bed mud TN content and ammonia nitrogen rate of release correlativity, and TP content and phosphate radical phosphorus rate of release correlativity, look into related coefficient check critical value R
1-0.10(n-2) table.Actual reflection main lake region, Taihu Lake bed mud TN and bed mud ammonia nitrogen discharge and have correlative relationship (R=0.9680＞R preferably
1-0.10(n-2)=0.5822, n=9), can set up rate of release and relation with contents, and the TP relation with contents is not obvious in phosphate radical phosphorus rate of release and the bed mud.
5. the column bed mud is gathered: bottom mud column-shaped sample collecting is carried out in plan dredging lake region (Taihu Lake Wu Lihu).
6. bed mud layering: cylindrical sample is pressed 0-5cm, 5-10cm ... 5cm layering at interval.
7. quantitative test: air-dry to the layering sample, grind, sieve, analyze the sediment total nitrogen total phosphorus content
8. the vertical difference of nitrogen and phosphorus content: draw the vertical distribution of bed mud total nitrogen total phosphorus content.
9. expection release strength vertical difference: bring the substrate sludge nitrogen phosphorus content of analyzing into the rate of release that meets related coefficient critical value check (P＜0.10) set up and the relational expression (Taihu Lake: y=1794.8x-122.32) of content, calculate the expection release strength of nitrogen, and draw vertical distribution.
10. eutrophication water column nitrogen and phosphorus load.Generally total nitrogen, total phosphorus content in the water body are respectively 0.40mg/L and 0.02mg/L as the threshold value contents level that the eutrophication water algal tufa can take place in the world.Taihu Lake Wu Lihu mean depth 1.75m is at the 1m of the satisfied generation algal tufa threshold value of imagining
2In the water column, the nitrogen of being loaded, phosphorus amount are respectively 700mg N and 35mg P.
11. release strength threshold value.The algae that produces wawter bloom mostly is a blue-green algae, and most its doubling time of blue-green algae that wawter bloom can take place is 5-7 days.In 7 days, then need 100mgN and 5.0mgP every day and supply with the algal grown that is in growth period, by bed mud release the contribution of water column nitrogen and phosphorus load is accounted for whole sources the water column nitrogen and phosphorus load was contributed 50% o'clock, the nitrogen of five li lakebed mud, phosphorus discharge threshold value and are respectively: 50.0mg/ (m
2.d) and 2.5mg/ (m
2.d).
12. heavy metal analysis.With main heavy metal and metalloid (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, As, Zn etc.) content in the dry bed mud of suitable analysis of test methods.
13. ecological hazard evaluation assessment.With reference to Lars in 1980
The method of the potential ecological hazard index of evaluation sediment (RI) of research.
14. the bed mud ecological hazard is estimated.According to heavy metal and metalloid toxic factor T
r iDefinite value, in conjunction with corresponding heavy metal background value in the local not comtaminated sediment, calculate with formula (2), the potential ecological hazard index of bed mud heavy metal (RI).
15. the vertical distribution of potential ecological hazard index.Each sediment layer of sampling point is estimated the vertical arrangement of RI value of gained.
16. ecological hazard index threshold.Ecological when RI＜150 do not have harm; 150≤RI＜300 o'clock, ecological negligible risk; 300≤RI＜600 o'clock, ecological moderate harm; RI 〉=600 o'clock.The harm threshold value that this patent is determined dredging depth is decided to be RI 〉=300 (ecological moderate harm).
17. environment-friendly dredging depth is determined.The mud layer of one of considering to meet the following conditions will be as five li dredging mud layers that the lake is to be recommended: expection ammonia nitrogen rate of release 〉=50mg/ (m of (1) former top layer or newborn top layer bed mud-water termination
2.d); (2) the potential ecological hazard index RI of newborn top layer bed mud 〉=300 o'clock, begin and to lower floor from the top layer bed mud, first the discontented newborn top layer that is enough to one of two conditions occurs, all mud layers of its top, comprise that former top layer reaches the thickness of the affiliated mud layer in down continuous newborn top layer, will be defined as dredging depth.
Example: this method is applied in 2002-2003 Taihu Lake Wu Lihu dredging, and dredging is more than 4 years, and under the state that external source is not obviously controlled, obvious improvement still appears in five li lake water matter.Calendar year 2001 before wherein 2004 after the dredging are dredged is compared water body total phosphorus, COD
MnDescended 25.5%, 37.5% and 29.3% respectively the same period with chlorophyll content, reflected that dredging has environmental benefit preferably to the lake water correction.In addition, intrinsic dredging scheme is that dredging depth is 0.8-1.0m, and after using this research method and determining, dredging depth is 0.2-0.7m, and the dredging amount is by 4,760,000 m of original scheme
3Reduce to 2,070,000 m
3, saved the cost of dredging greatly.
The dredging depth that this research obtains is determined technology, and method is simple, is easy to promote, and evaluation method can enter standardized program, and can reach the fast processing requirement, therefore is convenient to promote in the industry.People such as Zhou Xiaoning (2007) have also adopted the variation tendency of the phosphorus burst size similar to this method thinking (promptly characterizing the poor of phosphorus potential exchangeable phosphorus that discharges and the maximal absorptive capacity that characterizes absorption) to calculate the minimum dredging depth of Taihu Lake Mei Liangwan.Use this method and will make dredging depth determine and science such as dredging Evaluation on effect is strengthened, the decision-making error can be reduced largely, but also can save fund input to a certain extent.The actual bed mud dropout value of selecting for use is mainly nitrogen (NH at present
4 +-N) and phosphorus (PO
4 3--P), the pollutant that the ecological hazard risk assessment is considered is conservative property material heavy metal and metalloid (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, As, Zn etc.).Along with the expansion of people's sense of risk scope and the development of analysis means, persistence organic poison (PAHs, PCBs etc.) will be taken in actual applications.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of polluted water body deposit environment-friendly dredging depth determination method, the release that it is characterized in that comprising nitrogen, phosphorus by the research pollutants in sediments with the relation of corresponding pollutant load, and pollutants in sediments comprises the pairing ecological hazard evaluation of content of beary metal, according to the vertical distribution of pollutant in bed mud, the pollutant of analyzing and estimating on the bed mud different layers position discharges risk and ecological hazard risk, and, determine the bed mud dredging depth according to the respective risk grade of being divided; Be specially the definite foundation of person that one of meet the following conditions as dredging depth: (1) with dredging after, nitrogen, phosphorus major pollutants are at expection rate of release 〉=this water body release strength threshold value of newborn top layer bed mud-water termination, the potential ecological hazard index of (2) newborn top layer bed mud heavy metal 〉=harm threshold value.
2, according to the described polluted water body deposit environment-friendly dredging depth determination method of claim 1, it is characterized in that at first will gathering the column bed mud of different pollution levels to the research water body, carry out the pollutant release experiment and measure corresponding top layer pollutants in sediments content, obtain the mathematical expression relation of pollutant rate of release and corresponding pollutant load, divide each the pollutant rate of release codomain that discharges risk class and correspondence; Be specially: carry out the collection of column core, layering and bed mud total nitrogen and total phosphorus content analysis, again according to the different bed mud total nitrogen content of proterties and the corresponding relations of ammoniacal nitrogen rate of release, total phosphorus content and phosphate radical phosphorus rate of release represented in the same water body, its degree of confidence 〉=90%, after being attained at the dredging of the vertical arbitrary layering of bed mud position, the expection rate of release value of the ammoniacal nitrogen of the newborn top layer-water termination that is produced and phosphate radical phosphorus; Described release strength threshold value is in the algae of satisfying the minimum requirements of eutrophication water nitrogen and phosphorus content is on average doubled growth period, by bed mud release the contribution of water column nitrogen and phosphorus load is accounted for whole sources the water column nitrogen and phosphorus load was contributed 50% o'clock, the release strength of bed mud is determined in the water column at this moment.
3, according to the described polluted water body deposit environment-friendly dredging depth determination method of claim 1, it is characterized in that newborn top layer bed mud heavy metal potential hazard index, be according to the vertical middle content of beary metal of column bed mud, use Lars
The potential ecological hazard index calculation method of sediment is assessed.It endangers threshold value 〉=300.
4,, it is characterized in that all mud layers that one of meets the following conditions will be as dredging mud layer to be recommended: the expection ammoniacal nitrogen rate of release of (1) former top layer or newborn top layer bed mud-water termination 〉=corresponding release strength threshold value according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described polluted water body deposit environment-friendly dredging depth determination methods; (2) the release strength threshold value of the expection phosphate radical phosphorus rate of release 〉=phosphate radical phosphorus of newborn top layer bed mud-water termination; (3) the harm threshold value of the potential ecological hazard index 〉=assessment of this newborn top layer bed mud.Begin and to lower floor from the top layer bed mud, first the discontented newborn top layer that is enough to one of three conditions occurs, and all mud layers of its top comprise the thickness of the mud layer under former top layer and the down continuous newborn top layer will being defined as dredging depth.
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