CN101266189A - Structural low-frequency vibration wireless patrol star network construction method - Google Patents
Structural low-frequency vibration wireless patrol star network construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101266189A CN101266189A CNA200810037047XA CN200810037047A CN101266189A CN 101266189 A CN101266189 A CN 101266189A CN A200810037047X A CNA200810037047X A CN A200810037047XA CN 200810037047 A CN200810037047 A CN 200810037047A CN 101266189 A CN101266189 A CN 101266189A
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Abstract
Provided is a construction method for patrol star network of low frequency vibration structure, comprising installing wireless vibration sensor node on vibration-sensitive position in engineering structure, emitting by 2.4GHz ISM band wireless electropult, receiving signal by signal collecting and receiving device, connecting and communicating with host computer in monitoring room by external serial communication device. Vibration signal of a plurality of measuring points is wirelessly transferred to the host computer in monitoring room for data interpretation and monitoring by professional, so as to effectively avoid structural instability induced by low frequency vibration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of engineering structure vibration monitoring method, particularly a kind of wireless monitoring method of engineering structure low-frequency vibration.
Background technology
Structural low-frequency vibration is often ignored by people because accekeration is little.But in all multiple-projects field, as space station under large rotating machinery, bridge, automobile, robot, exact instrument and the microgravity environment etc., low-frequency vibration (as below 5Hz) but is the important failure symptom signal that brings out structural instability.At the vibration monitoring scene, many times need a plurality of measuring points are carried out order or random measurement, and the host computer that measurement data is delivered to Control Room is in real time carried out analyzing and processing.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to the existing problem that lacks effective structural low-frequency vibration monitoring method, a kind of construction method of structural low-frequency vibration wireless patrol star network has been proposed, can the pick-up structure low-frequency vibration signal, and the host computer that the vibration signal of a plurality of measuring points can be transferred to Control Room with Wireless transmission mode carry out data for the professional and understand, to providing of early warning accident a kind of new method of testing.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of structural low-frequency vibration wireless patrol star network, comprise low-frequency shock transducer, adopt 2.4GHz ISM band wireless launcher, also comprise solar powered module, signal compiles receiving trap, serial communication device and host computer, solar powered module is the low-frequency shock transducer power supply, the low-frequency vibration wireless sensor of plug and play picks up low-frequency vibration signal, the signal that obtains is with adopting the emission of 2.4GHz ISM band wireless launcher, signal compiles the receiving trap received signal, and host computer is connected communication in serial communication device and the Control Room by adding.
Described low-frequency shock transducer adopts acceleration transducer ADXL202E, a small resistor (Rdc) and decoupling capacitor (Cdc) have been connected in series on the power supply of sensor, prevent to produce in the circuit electromagnetic interference (EMI), to eliminate in the circuit power-supply fluctuation to the influence of sensor output signal, difference series filtering electric capacity (Cx, Cy) between pin (Yfilt, Xfilt) and the ground, for reducing stray capacitance, resistance in series (Rset) between pin (T2) and the ground, two-way PWM output signal (Xout, Yout) is respectively through a current-limiting resistance.Described employing 2.4GHz ISM band wireless launcher adopts SOC wireless singlechip nRF24E1 to realize, built-in 8051 nuclear and the 2.4GHZ radio-frequency communication module of nRF24E1.Described solar powered module comprises solar panel, energy storage part and mu balanced circuit.
A kind of construction method of structural low-frequency vibration wireless patrol star network:
1) the wireless vibration sensor node is installed at engineering structure vibration sensing position, before installing, must be demarcated wireless senser;
2) in Control Room, the information aggregation node is connected with host computer by RS232 or USB serial ports;
3) user is by the host computer interface, and input needs the wireless sensor node number of inquiry, and for example 01,02 ..., each wireless sensor node correspondence a concrete measuring point on the engineering structure, and its corresponding relation is determined when wireless sensor node is installed;
4) host computer number is delivered to the information aggregation node by serial ports with wireless sensor node;
5) the information aggregation node sends handshake to the wireless sensor node of correspondence by address resolution mechanism at once, notifies its preliminary work of picking up and transmitting of carrying out vibration signal, and subsequently, the information aggregation node changes the RX accepting state over to;
6) after Dui Ying wireless sensor node is received handshake, can send answer signal to the information aggregation node at once under the normal condition, and change the TX emission state over to;
7) after the information aggregation node is received this answer signal, be delivered to host computer with the 16 system vibration signals that predefined baud rate (being 9600) and data frame format (8 bit data positions, no parity check position, 1 position of rest) will receive herein by the TX port;
8) flow process fault-tolerant processing mechanism: Cha Xun wireless sensor node work is undesired if desired, or the wireless sensor node of patrolman input is number wrong, wait through certain hour, the information aggregation node is not received answer signal, at this moment, the information aggregation node can return a special sign position to host computer, and system returns init state, and that waits for the user re-enters wireless sensor node number or other processing.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention realizes the wireless test of engineering structure low-frequency vibration, and can supply the professional to carry out data deciphering monitoring with the host computer that Wireless transmission mode be transferred to Control Room the vibration signal of a plurality of measuring points, effectively avoid bringing out the structural instability problem by low-frequency vibration.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural low-frequency vibration wireless patrol star network block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural low-frequency vibration wireless patrol star network medium and low frequency of the present invention vibration transducer peripheral circuit diagram;
Fig. 3 is 2.4GHZ radio transmitter figure in a kind of structural low-frequency vibration wireless patrol star network of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is solar powered module mu balanced circuit figure in a kind of structural low-frequency vibration wireless patrol star network of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is wireless senser address resolution among the present invention, the ejection interface after replying successfully of shaking hands;
Fig. 6 is the vibration acceleration time-domain curve of No. 01 measuring point after the data parsing success among the present invention.
Embodiment
Structural low-frequency vibration wireless patrol star network block diagram of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, in order to prolong wireless sensor node ground serviceable life, avoid changing continually battery, also design solar powered module 10 especially and be low-frequency shock transducer 20 power supplies, low-frequency vibration wireless sensor 20 that can plug and play is the bases that make up whole wireless star monitoring network, it has low-frequency vibration signal (5Hz is following) hit detect function, the signal that obtains is with 30 emissions of wireless transmit (adopting the 2.4GHz ISM band) circuit, signal compiles receiving circuit 40 received signals, and host computer 60 is connected communication in serial communication chip 50 and the Control Room by adding.
Low-frequency shock transducer 20 peripheral circuit diagrams as shown in Figure 2, ADXL202E is an acceleration transducer, picking up of low-frequency vibration signal adopts MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (MEMS) accelerometer to realize.The mems accelerometer volume is little, and power consumption is little, can directly export digital signal.For the software programming of follow-up wireless transport module is provided convenience.From the angle of vibration mechanics, the vibration sensitive element of mems accelerometer is a typical second-order system, and the dutycycle of the pulse-width signal of its output (PWM) is directly proportional with the accekeration of structural vibration.By the design of peripheral circuit, through experiment test, the low-frequency shock transducer of our design can pick up the following low-frequency vibration signal of 5Hz.Its vibration acceleration resolution reaches 0.2mg (1mg=9.8 * 10
-3Ms
-2).
Some explanation:
(1) because native system works in the high band of 2.4GHz, for preventing to produce electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the circuit, on power supply, be connected in series one 100 Ω small resistor Rdc, and added the decoupling capacitor Cdc of a 0.1uF, to eliminate in the circuit power-supply fluctuation the influence of sensor output signal.
(2) for reducing stray capacitance, filter capacitor Cx and Cy must be installed near pin Yfilt and Xfilt place; Rset also needs to place near the T2 pin.
(3) two-way PWM output signal Xout, Yout deliver to the INT0 and the INT1 port of the PO mouth of nRF24E1 then respectively through the current-limiting resistance of a 18K, realize the real-time collection to sensor output signal.In design, each filter capacitor Cx, the computation process of Cy and outer meeting resistance Rset is as follows:
From the angle of kinetic measurement, the Dynamic Signal frequency of above-mentioned example is limited to below the 5Hz.Getting RC low frequency filter bandwidth is 10Hz.Thus external filter capacitor
According to the general norm of mems accelerometer design, its sample frequency is that so-called square wave frequency should be more than or equal to 10 times of analog bandwidth---100Hz.Thus, obtain outer meeting resistance R
SetValue:
R
set＝10×10
-3×125×10
6＝1250KΩ (4)
2.4GHZ radio transmitter 30 in the structural low-frequency vibration wireless patrol star network as shown in Figure 3, the wireless transmission of low-frequency vibration signal adopt SOC wireless singlechip nRF24E1 to realize, built-in 8051 nuclear and 2.4GHZ radio frequency (RF) communication modules of nRF24E1.The low-frequency vibration signal that picks up, i.e. (Xout Yout) is connected with the PO mouth of nRF24E1 the pwm signal of mems accelerometer output, and the counter by 8051 is realized the pulsewidth counting of PWM.
When the 3rd of CKCON register is 1 (CKCON.3=1), the Time0 toggle rate is 1/4 of a crystal oscillator frequency.On pcb board, crystal oscillator frequency is 16MHz, and then toggle rate is 4MHz.The resolution that obtains the wireless vibration sensor thus is 0.2mg, and is as shown in table 1.
The 8051 SPI interfaces by inside are connected with the RF module, can realize the wireless transmit of data by programming.The 2.4GHz that the wireless transmit frequency range adopts the whole world to exempt to pay.At the information aggregating node, adopt the wireless SOC single-chip microcomputer of same model to receive data.And passing through 8051 Tx, Rx multiplexing port, MAX232 level transferring chip are connected with host computer, realize handling with the communications and data of host computer.
The resolution reckoner of table 1. wireless vibration sensor
| T 2 (ms) | R set (KΩ) | Sample frequency (1/T2) Hz | The counting clock frequency | Every T2 counts | Every g counting | Resolution (mg) |
| 10 | 1250 | 100 | 4M | 40000 | 5000 | 0.2 |
Solar powered module 10 basic electric parameters: input voltage 4.8V-3.6V, output voltage of voltage regulation 3.3V, output-current rating 50mA.
Mainly constitute: solar panel, energy storage part (being rechargeable battery) and mu balanced circuit by 3 parts herein.Certainly, if the user for ground, aspect considerations such as saving costs, also can not select this solar powered module for use and directly adopt the button cell power supply.
(1) solar panel: physical dimension 5cm * 6cm.After testing, the output voltage 4.8V under the situation of illumination abundance.
(2) rechargeable battery: adopt 3 joint nickel-cadmium batterys.Its single-unit rated capacity 0.6AH, rated voltage 1.2V.
(3) mu balanced circuit: solar powered as shown in Figure 4 module mu balanced circuit figure, wherein, diode D1 is in order to prevent that rechargeable battery is to the reverse charging of solar panel plate.C1, C2 are filter capacitor.MAX663 is the CMOS voltage stabilizer, regulates 2 external resistance R 1, and Rf can be controlled at 3.3V with output voltage.The rated current of output is 50mA, satisfies the work requirements of above-mentioned wireless vibration sensor node fully.
The star network basic construction method:
1) the wireless vibration sensor node is installed at engineering structure vibration sensing position.Before installing, must demarcate wireless senser.
2) in Control Room, the information aggregation node is connected with host computer by RS232 or USB serial ports.
3) the serial communication parameter of information convergent point and host computer is made as: 9600 baud rates, no parity check position, data bit 8, position of rest 1.
The star network basic configuration:
(1) host computer: in Control Room, place a desktop PC or notebook computer, be responsible for data and understand and handle.Basic configuration: dominant frequency 1G HZ, internal memory 256M, hard disk 40G.Operating system Win2000/Windows Xp.
(2) signal gathering nodes.The instruction stream between responsible host computer and the far-end wireless sensor node and the transmission of data stream.Core devices: nRF24E1 adds the serial communication chip.
(3) a plurality of wireless sensor nodes.Responsible low-frequency vibration signal picks up and wireless transmit.Core devices: ADXL202 and nRF24E1.
(4) we utilize slave computer (comprising wireless vibration sensor node and the information aggregation node) embedded program of Keil-C exploitation.
(5) we utilize the host computer procedure of Visual C++6.0 exploitation.
Some explanation of star network:
(1) vibration signal pick up with the programming of wireless communication protocol code in the eeprom chip of wireless senser.
(2) star network of the present invention development is an Open architecture, in network operation process, can add at any time or deletes wireless sensor node according to user's needs.Has " plug and play " function.
(3) experimental result shows that the maximum communication radius (information convergent point and wireless sensor node air line distance) of this star network is about 100 meters.
Flow process and fault-tolerant processing are replied in shaking hands of wireless sensor node and host computer:
The wireless star monitoring network of the present invention's design has a plurality of measuring points.Follow following shaking hands and reply flow process, can guarantee that the host computer in the Control Room correctly obtains the vibration signal of specifying the measuring point place.Idiographic flow is as follows:
A) user is by host computer interface (see figure 4), and input needs the wireless sensor node number of inquiry.Such as 01,02 ...Each wireless sensor node correspondence a concrete measuring point on the engineering structure, and its corresponding relation is determined when wireless sensor node is installed.
B) the host computer instruction (herein for wireless sensor node number) of will patrolling is delivered to the information aggregation node by serial ports.
C) the information aggregation node sends handshake (realizing by address resolution mechanism) to the wireless sensor node of correspondence at once, notifies it to carry out the preliminary work of picking up and transmitting of vibration signal.Subsequently, the information aggregation node changes the RX accepting state over to.
D) after Dui Ying wireless sensor node is received handshake, can send answer signal to the information aggregation node at once under the normal condition, and change the TX emission state over to.
E) after the information aggregation node is received this answer signal, be delivered to host computer with the 16 system vibration signals that predefined baud rate (being 9600) and data frame format (8 bit data positions, no parity check position, 1 position of rest) will receive herein by the TX port.
F) flow process fault-tolerant processing mechanism: Cha Xun wireless sensor node work undesired (such as battery power exhausts etc.) if desired, or the wireless sensor node of patrolman input is number wrong, through the wait (being made as 3 seconds) of certain hour, the information aggregation node is not received answer signal.At this moment, the information aggregation node can return a special sign position (FF) to host computer.System returns init state, waits for the re-entering of user (wireless sensor node number) or other processing.
The wireless senser address resolution method:
In this wireless star network, each wireless sensor node all have a unique physical address (as, 0xaa, 0xbb, 0x12,0x34) and number (as, 01).The effect of address resolution is exactly correctly that physical address is corresponding one by one with numbering.Concrete steps are as follows:
A) radio communication parameter configuration word has 15 bytes.Wherein, 4 bytes are occupied in the address.Can insert 32 power wireless sensor nodes of 2 in theory; In experiment, we have inserted 15 wireless sensor nodes.In actual applications, can add as required or delete.
B) physical address of information aggregation node is made as 0xaa, 0xbb, 0x12,0x34 (wherein, 0x represents 16 systems).The label of wireless sensor node and the corresponding relation of physical address are as shown in table 2.
The table 2 wireless sensor node numbering and the physical address table of comparisons
C) receive query node that host computer sends number when the information aggregation node, for example 01.Then, will launch the address and be revised as 0x1a by following C code, 0xbb, 0x12,0x34, thus send query statement to long-range No. 01 node.
......
RI＝0；
While (! RI); // wait for connecing query node that host computer sends number
P=SBUF; // read this query node number
RI=0; // clear serial ports interrupt flag bit
If (p==0x01) // if receive the node number of No. 1 node
{
T_DATA＝0x00；
Tconf.buf[8]=0x1a; // be No. 1 address of node with the address modification in the configuration words
Transmitter (); // send work order to this node
......
}
Wherein, tconf.buf[8]=0x1a represents the 9th byte (follow the general norm of C language, byte number is since 0) in 15 configuration byte of wireless transmit, corresponding to the first byte of wireless sensor node address.
D) in this starlike wireless network, numerous and diverse and save program storage EEPROM space limited (program is loaded from EEPROM by the SPI interface) when starting for fear of the IF branched structure, we utilize the method for subfunction with top tconf.buf[8]=the 0x1a statement is rewritten as: tconf.buf[8]=Node_Number; Wherein, Node_Number parameter.
E) dynamic expansion problem: need in existing star network, add or during the deletion wireless sensor node, only need be numbered and address assignment with reference to table 2 pair new node.The other parts of star network need not made any modification.Thereby has a better dynamic extensibility.
The wireless data analytic method:
Wireless sensor node is converted to PWM pulsewidth counting with the vibration acceleration value of measuring point, and sends to host computer with the 2.4GHZ frequency range.The data parsing effect is: 1. judge PWM pulsewidth counting.2. recover the vibration acceleration value of measuring point according to the nominal data of PWM pulsewidth counting and sensor, provide raw data for the professional person carries out the failure symptom interpretation.Concrete steps are as follows:
A) have certain random distribution nature at the sensor performance index, before the wireless vibration sensor is installed, must in the laboratory, carry out staking-out work it.On accurate experiment porch (such as workbench of three coordinate measuring machine), each wireless sensor node is carried out 3 data determinations: the PWM pulsewidth counting N1 during horizontal positioned (static acceleration is 0); PWM pulsewidth when static acceleration is 1g counting N2, static acceleration be-PWM pulsewidth during 1g counts N3.
B) after the wireless vibration sensor is installed firmly, start inspection work on engineering structure to be measured.After host computer was received the PWM pulsewidth counting that wireless sensor node sends, host computer was at first by two row C codes: fscanf (fp, " %x%x " ， ﹠amp; H8 ， ﹠amp; L8); Float N=H8*256+L8; The PWM pulsewidth counting of " least-significant byte+most-significant byte " 16 systems is converted to 10 systems.
C), calculate the relevant acceleration numerical value a (ms of the unit of adopting international standards according to formula (5)
-2):
D) wireless vibration sensor alignment error removing method: consider wireless sensor node when actual installation, can't guarantee that installed surface is in the abswolute level state.The accekeration a that obtains according to formula (5) has in fact comprised one static acceleration component and (might as well remember and be a
s).As long as wireless senser is installed firmly, a in test process
sBe a constant constant (determining) by the installed surface angle of inclination is unique.Like this, on " acceleration-time " curve, the inclined to one side value signal of direct current can be occurred, real dynamic acceleration value can be obtained as long as the inclined to one side value signal of this direct current removed.
One class boundary face of host computer
We have write host computer MFC program with Visual C++6.0.Fig. 5 represents the wireless senser address resolution, the ejection interface after replying successfully of shaking hands.Wherein, " send and order " " 01 " on button right side label for the wireless sensor node of user's input.In star network, its real physical address is 0x1a, 0xbb, 0x12,0x34.The acceleration information that receives is the 16 systems counting (showing by " least-significant byte+most-significant byte " form) of PWM pulsewidth.
Fig. 6 represents the vibration acceleration time-domain curve of No. 01 measuring point after the data parsing success.Thus, can further carry out frequency-domain analysis and failure symptom signal extraction.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of structural low-frequency vibration wireless patrol star network, comprise low-frequency shock transducer, adopt 2.4GHzISM frequency range wireless launcher, it is characterized in that also comprising solar powered module, signal compiles receiving trap, serial communication device and host computer, solar powered module is the low-frequency shock transducer power supply, the low-frequency vibration wireless sensor of plug and play picks up low-frequency vibration signal, the signal that obtains is with adopting the emission of 2.4GHzISM frequency range wireless launcher, signal compiles the receiving trap received signal, and host computer is connected communication in serial communication device and the Control Room by adding.
2, structural low-frequency vibration wireless patrol star network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described low-frequency shock transducer adopts acceleration transducer ADXL202E, a small resistor (Rdc) and decoupling capacitor (Cdc) have been connected in series on the power supply of sensor, prevent to produce in the circuit electromagnetic interference (EMI), to eliminate in the circuit power-supply fluctuation to the influence of sensor output signal, pin (Yfilt, Xfilt) series filtering electric capacity (Cx respectively and between the ground, Cy), for reducing stray capacitance, resistance in series (Rset) between pin (T2) and the ground, two-way PWM output signal (Xout, Yout) respectively through a current-limiting resistance.
3, structural low-frequency vibration wireless patrol star network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described employing 2.4GHz ISM band wireless launcher adopts SOC wireless singlechip nRF24E1 to realize, built-in 8051 nuclear and the 2.4GHZ radio-frequency communication module of nRF24E1.
4, structural low-frequency vibration wireless patrol star network according to claim 1 is characterized in that described solar powered module comprises solar panel, energy storage part and mu balanced circuit.
5, a kind of construction method of structural low-frequency vibration wireless patrol star network:
(1) the wireless vibration sensor node is installed at engineering structure vibration sensing position, before installing, must be demarcated wireless senser;
(2) in Control Room, the information aggregation node is connected with host computer by RS232 or USB serial ports;
(3) user is by the host computer interface, input needs the wireless sensor node number of inquiry, and for example 01,02 ... each wireless sensor node correspondence a concrete measuring point on the engineering structure, and its corresponding relation is determined when wireless sensor node is installed;
(4) host computer number is delivered to the information aggregation node by serial ports with wireless sensor node;
(5) the information aggregation node sends handshake to the wireless sensor node of correspondence by address resolution mechanism at once, notifies its preliminary work of picking up and transmitting of carrying out vibration signal, and subsequently, the information aggregation node changes the RX accepting state over to;
(6) after Dui Ying wireless sensor node is received handshake, can send answer signal to the information aggregation node at once under the normal condition, and change the TX emission state over to;
(7) after the information aggregation node is received this answer signal, be delivered to host computer with the 16 system vibration signals that predefined baud rate (being 9600) and data frame format (8 bit data positions, no parity check position, 1 position of rest) will receive herein by the TX port;
(8) flow process fault-tolerant processing mechanism: Cha Xun wireless sensor node work is undesired if desired, or the wireless sensor node of patrolman input is number wrong, wait through certain hour, the information aggregation node is not received answer signal, at this moment, the information aggregation node can return a special sign position to host computer, and system returns init state, and that waits for the user re-enters wireless sensor node number or other processing.
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| CN102571890A (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2012-07-11 | 江苏联优信息科技有限公司 | Method for managing configuration of wireless sensor access multiplexing equipment |
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| CN107121253A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-09-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | For the bridge structure method that fast vibration is detected in the case of uninterrupted traffic |
| CN110207810A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | 常州路航轨道交通科技有限公司 | Axle box vibration detecting system |
| CN110207810B (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2021-11-30 | 常州路航轨道交通科技有限公司 | Axle box vibration detection system |
| CN111412978A (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-07-14 | 北京化工大学 | Reciprocating machinery abnormity detection method based on fault-free vibration signal |
| CN114156760A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-08 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Monitoring and inspecting system for transformer substation |
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