CN101261603A - Fault locating method and device - Google Patents

Fault locating method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101261603A
CN101261603A CNA2008100899125A CN200810089912A CN101261603A CN 101261603 A CN101261603 A CN 101261603A CN A2008100899125 A CNA2008100899125 A CN A2008100899125A CN 200810089912 A CN200810089912 A CN 200810089912A CN 101261603 A CN101261603 A CN 101261603A
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function
storehouse
current
address
value
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CN100570581C (en
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李金虎
朱怀云
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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Abstract

The invention discloses a fault positioning method, and the method comprises that: when in abnormality of the process due to the abnormality of the functional call, the value of a procedure pointer and the value of a stack pointer during the abnormal process are obtained in a procedure space; the size of the current function stack which is pointed by the stack pointer and a return command which is stored in a stack frame of the current function stack are obtained according to the value of the procedure pointer and the value of the stack pointer; the return command of a function which is stored in the stack frame of a function stack after the current function stack is obtained according to the size of the current function stack and the value of the stack pointer; an executable file of the abnormal process is searched, a symbol table of the abnormal process is searched according to the searched executable file, and the corresponding function is searched in the symbol table according to the return commands which are obtained in the current stack frame and other stack frames. In addition, the invention further discloses a fault positioning device.

Description

The method and apparatus of localization of fault
Technical field
The present invention relates to not have the field of microprocessors of inner interlocking pipelining-stage, and especially, relate to the method and apparatus that a kind of storehouse to the microprocessor that do not have inner interlocking pipelining-stage carries out localization of fault.
Background technology
The microprocessor (MIPS) that does not have inner interlocking pipelining-stage is used widely on embedded device as one of three big RISC CPU (powerpc, arm and mips), and increasing embedded program operation is on MIPS CPU.When application program because null pointer, wrong indicator, mistake such as overflow when causing collapsing unusually, print can be for reference information very few.Usually just print the value of all registers of current C PU and abnormal process user space program pointer (pc) when unusual in the exception handler of operating system, the value of stack pointer (sp) etc.
The way of common fault location is first dis-assembling abnormal process executable file, and the pc value of printing when unusual removes to search in the dis-assembling code function at unusual generation place then, yet this method has and has following problem:
The first, very loaded down with trivial details of this way, and not directly perceived inadequately, need the dis-assembling code, search.And the developer is had higher requirements, and a lot of upper-layer service developers also are unfamiliar with the method for this dis-assembling fault location.
The second, can not solve all problems.First kind of situation be if current abnormal function by a lot of function calls, even found abnormal function, still can't locate be top which function call and which flow process out of joint, in fact, fault location is that the function in location is carried out flow process.Second all situations are to occur in unusually sometimes in the built-in function (to pass to the built-in function parameter error such as the function that calls built-in function), and the pc value of exception record is the built-in function address, can't find pc value corresponding address therewith in the dis-assembling consumer process.
At present, in the prior art, do not propose to solve the technical scheme of the above two problem as yet.
Summary of the invention
Consider the problems referred to above and make the present invention, for this reason, fundamental purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method and apparatus of localization of fault, and localization of fault is loaded down with trivial details in the correlation technique to solve, positioning result is not directly perceived and the inaccurate problem of localization of fault.
According to one embodiment of present invention, provide a kind of Fault Locating Method, be used for the storehouse of the microprocessor that do not have inner interlocking pipelining-stage is carried out localization of fault.
This method comprises: because function call is causing process to occur under the unusual situation unusually, obtain the value of program pointer of abnormal process and the value of stack pointer in the program space; Obtain the link order of being stored in the stack frame of the size of the current function storehouse that stack pointer points to and current function storehouse according to the value of the value of the program pointer that obtains and stack pointer; Obtain the link order of the function of storing in the stack frame of the function storehouse after the current function storehouse according to the value of the size of current function storehouse and stack pointer; Search the executable file of abnormal process, and search the symbol table of abnormal process, in symbol table, search corresponding function according to the link order of in current stack frame and other stack frame, obtaining according to the executable file of searching.
In addition, the processing of obtaining the link order of the function of storing in the stack frame of the function storehouse after the current function storehouse is specially: the value of determining the current stack pointer; Obtain the return address of storing in the current function storehouse; Determine the size of current function storehouse; With value and the big or small addition of determining, with the result of addition stack frame address as the next function storehouse of current function storehouse, and with next function storehouse as current function storehouse.
Wherein, after the link order of the function of in the stack frame that has at every turn obtained a function storehouse, storing, further comprise: judge that the pairing function of link order obtain whether in calling unusual function body, if the judgment is Yes, then continues to search next function storehouse; Otherwise stop to search the function storehouse.The processing of judging is specially: obtain the address of the current function storehouse that obtains, and obtain the size of this function storehouse from the program space, and judge that according to the address of the current function storehouse that obtains and size it is whether in the function body scope.
Wherein, the processing of searching corresponding function according to the link order of obtaining in symbol table is specially: with in the symbol table less than and the function address that approaches the return address most as function address corresponding to this return address, and find respective function according to function address.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, provide a kind of fault locator, be used for the storehouse of the microprocessor that do not have inner interlocking pipelining-stage is carried out localization of fault.
This device comprises: first acquisition module, be used for because function call is causing process to occur under the unusual situation unusually, and in the program space, obtain the value of program pointer of abnormal process and the value of stack pointer; Second acquisition module is used for obtaining the link order that the stack frame of the size of the current function storehouse that stack pointer points to and current function storehouse is stored according to the value of the value of the program pointer that obtains and stack pointer; And the link order of obtaining the function of storing in the stack frame of the function storehouse after the current function storehouse according to the value of the size of current function storehouse and stack pointer; Search module, be used to search the executable file of abnormal process, and search the symbol table of abnormal process, in symbol table, search corresponding function according to the link order of in current stack frame and other stack frame, obtaining according to the executable file of searching.
Wherein, the processing of obtaining the link order of the function of storing in the stack frame of the function storehouse after the current function storehouse of second acquisition module is specially: the value of determining the current stack pointer; Obtain the return address of storing in the current function storehouse; Determine the size of current function storehouse; With value and the big or small addition of determining, with the result of addition stack frame address as the next function storehouse of current function storehouse, and with next function storehouse as current function storehouse.
In addition, this device further comprises: judge module, be used for after the link order of the function that the stack frame that has at every turn obtained a function storehouse is stored, judge that the pairing function of link order obtain is whether in calling unusual function body, if the judgment is Yes, then continue to search next function storehouse; Otherwise stop to search the function storehouse.The judgment processing that judge module carries out is specially: obtain the address of the current function storehouse that obtains, and obtain the size of this function storehouse from the program space, and judge that according to the address of the current function storehouse that obtains and size it is whether in the function body scope.
In addition, search module when in symbol table, searching corresponding function according to the link order obtained performed processing be specially: with in the symbol table less than and the function address that approaches the return address most as function address corresponding to this return address, and find respective function according to function address.
In sum,, can effectively realize the localization of fault of robotization, improve the efficient of debugging and localization of fault greatly, simplify the operation of localization of fault, and made the operating result of localization of fault more directly perceived by means of technical scheme of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, constitutes the application's a part, and illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation thereof are used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper qualification of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram according to the Fault Locating Method of the inventive method embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the mips stack frame assumption diagram according to correlation technique; And
Fig. 3 is the block diagram according to the fault locator of apparatus of the present invention embodiment.
Embodiment
Method embodiment
In the present embodiment, provide a kind of Fault Locating Method, be used for the storehouse of the microprocessor that do not have inner interlocking pipelining-stage is carried out localization of fault.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of fault localization method, and as shown in Figure 1, this method comprises:
Step S102 because function call is causing process to occur under the unusual situation unusually, obtains the value of program pointer of abnormal process and the value of stack pointer in the program space; Step S104 obtains the link order of being stored in the stack frame of the size of the current function storehouse that stack pointer points to and current function storehouse according to the value of the value of the program pointer that obtains and stack pointer; Step S106 obtains the link order of the function of storing in the stack frame of the function storehouse after the current function storehouse according to the value of the size of current function storehouse and stack pointer; Step S108 searches the executable file of abnormal process, and searches the symbol table of abnormal process according to the executable file of searching, and searches corresponding function according to the link order of obtaining in current stack frame and other stack frame in symbol table.
That is to say, locate function and carry out the method that flow process can be recalled by storehouse, each function has a stack frame when carrying out, preserve the return address of each function in the stack frame, each function address of storing in stack frame when unusual is recalled and can accurately be reappeared function and carry out call relation, and just can solve in the dis-assembling consumer process is to find the problem of pc value corresponding address therewith.
But the key of problem is to determine that the size of each stack frame and each function return address are stored in the position in the stack frame, only can't realize by 32 registers of storehouse and unusual on-the-spot mips.
In addition, the processing of obtaining the link order of the function of storing in the stack frame of the function storehouse after the current function storehouse is specially: the value of determining the current stack pointer; Obtain the return address of storing in the current function storehouse; Determine the size of current function storehouse; With value and the big or small addition of determining, with the result of addition stack frame address as the next function storehouse of current function storehouse, and with next function storehouse as current function storehouse.
Wherein, after the link order of the function of in the stack frame that has at every turn obtained a function storehouse, storing, further comprise: judge that the pairing function of link order obtain whether in calling unusual function body, if the judgment is Yes, then continues to search next function storehouse; Otherwise stop to search the function storehouse.The processing of judging is specially: obtain the address of the current function storehouse that obtains, and obtain the size of this function storehouse from the program space, and judge that according to the address of the current function storehouse that obtains and size it is whether in the function body scope.
When process takes place when unusual, operating system can protect process user's space scene to enter exception handler.Process PC and SP value are at the crucial binary command of this process program space .text area searching MIPS when unusual, be stored in this stack frame position to obtain current function storehouse size and link order, intrinsic characteristics are arranged during gcc compiling mips code, some instruction has comprised function and has begun the size in distribution stack frame space just, and some instruction has pointed out that function return address save register ra is stored in the relative position in the stack frame.Search that these specific instruction promptly can obtain current function storehouse size and ra is stored in position in the stack frame.
Sp is added that current function storehouse size promptly obtains the sp of next stack frame, from the stack frame, take out ra or directly from ra, can obtain the link order address, the link order address promptly is positioned at the generating function body that calls this abnormal function, repeat a process repeatedly, promptly obtained to cause all the function return addresses in this unusual function flow process.
In addition, the processing of searching corresponding function according to the link order of obtaining in symbol table is specially: with in the symbol table less than and the function address that approaches the return address most as function address corresponding to this return address, and find respective function according to function address.
So far, if just simply each function return address is printed, still inconvenient to the developer, still exist loaded down with trivial details and problem intuitively not, and the contrast symbol table just can find out the function name of function return address correspondence, can come into plain view to each function in the flow process that breaks down by each function name being printed just like this.
Particularly, can find this process to leave executable file in the file system in, open, find symbol table, search symbol table by function address and find function name according to executable file format.What obtain previously is the function return address, it is not the function start address, and the functional symbol correspondence is the function start address, can adopt following algorithm: in symbol table, search is littler and be functional symbol apart from the symbolic address of minimum between the two than return address value.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation according to the mips stack frame of correlation technique.Below, will describe in conjunction with Fig. 2 and the MIPS storehouse be recalled the method for fault location according to present embodiment.
The Leaf function is meant the inner function that does not call other functions.The return address is stored among the ra during function call leaf function, because need not to call other functions, so ra need not pop down usually, can directly obtain the return address from ra in the leaf function again.Whether the Leaf function needs to set up storehouse according to concrete function, and the gcc compiler of mips distributes the storehouse size at the disposable function for this reason of function entrance.As shown in Figure 2, the storehouse size comprises three parts: the space of preserving, set up for the inner function that is called parameter for temporary variable allocation space, some internal registers in the function.Mips has 32 internal registers, and internal register can be done the function input parameter etc. that is called as temporary variable, and prerequisite is that these register devices are enough, so be not that each function compiler all can be set up storehouse for it.
The Nonleaf function the has been intrinsic call function of other functions, the nonleaf function will be set up storehouse at the function entrance place usually, because ra need be stored in the storehouse at least.
The way of setting up storehouse is that compiler calculates the storehouse size of function distribution for this reason, disposable then setting, sp deducted this storehouse size at the function entrance place, all data in storehouse all add that by sp fixing side-play amount obtains then, sp are added that the storehouse size recovers last stack value in the function exit.
The Mips instruction is long for 32bit, and the inside comprises operational code (opcode), operation note, operand etc., every instruction all has its regular coding form, with the instruction of 32bit and specific mask with extract operand, operation notes etc. then can be determined this instruction.Following search instruction all adopts the method.
Search for forward in the consumer process program space according to the pc value:
If search sw ra, x (sp), this instruction points out that ra is stored in storehouse sp+x place, go out side-play amount x from instruction fetch, and the sp of a function is this function storehouse top of fixed directional, so the ra value of can the place of getting preserving from storehouse sp+x, and what deposit in the ra is the return address of this function.
If do not search sw ra, x (sp) shows that then this function do not preserve ra in storehouse, and what then deposit in the ra is exactly the return address, directly can obtain the function return address in register device ra.
If search addiu sp, sp ,+-offset instruction, this instruction is usually located at function entrance and begins the place most and be used for for this reason by compiler that function distributes the storehouse size, reclaims storehouse by compiler before function returns.Unusually usually occur in the personal code work, and we search for forward according to pc, so that search should be addiu sp, sp, from then on-offset extracts in the instruction and counts offset immediately, and this i.e. function stack frame sign for this reason.If do not search this instruction, represent that this function does not distribute storehouse, then next function stack pointer sp value for this reason still.
In searching another function body wrong certainly till, two termination conditions are arranged: one is to search addiu sp, sp ,-offset instruction.One is to search jr ra instruction, and jr ra is the link order of each function, represents to have searched for to have broken away from this function if search this instruction, has entered in the adjacent function of this function, and then this moment, search should finish.
The input of aforesaid operations is: a pc value in the current function body; The storehouse start address sp of current function.Output is: call the return address of this function, this return address is positioned at the address realm of call function; Current function storehouse size adds the current stack start address,, obtains the storehouse start address of call function that is.To export conduct input once more, and repeat said process and just can obtain an address value in all function bodies in the complete call chain.
Process is preserved the user's space storehouse start address of process in the process control block (PCB) of kernel; User space program begins and the end address, and above-mentioned cyclic search is judged acquisition function stack address all the time, and whether function address is in scope and so on, if do not exist, cyclic search finishes.
Executable file format is a lot, and present embodiment is that example describes with the ELF form.Find the elf file of this process in file system, open, according to the elf file layout, extract 4 section:.dynsym .symtab .dynstr .strtab .dynsym, wherein .symtab is a symbol table, and .dynstr and .strtab are the corresponding character string of symbol.
Wherein, the data structure of each symbol correspondence is in the symbol table:
typedef?struct
{
Elf32_Word st_name; / * symbolic name call number */
Elf32_Addr st_value; / * symbolic address value */
Elf32_Word st_size; The code length * of/* symbol correspondence/
Unsigned char st_info; / * sign pattern and watchman's wooden clapper decide information */
Unsigned char st_other; / * is usefulness not, be worth for 0*/
Elf32_Section st_shndx; The joint call number * of/* place joint/
}Elf32_Sym;
What search out previously is a return address link, it is not the initial address of each function, the return address is positioned at each function address scope, can adopt following algorithm computation place function initial address: in symbol table, search is littler and be the function initial address apart from minimum symbolic address (being st_value) between the two than the return address value, the st_name of its correspondence is the symbolic name call number, promptly can obtain the symbolic name of each function to .dynstr joint or .strtab joint by this call number.
The symbolic name of each function is printed all function names in the whole call relation just can see unusual the generation time one by one, the fault location position is directly perceived, the side all over and rapidly.
Device embodiment
In the present embodiment, provide a kind of fault locator, be used for the storehouse of the microprocessor that do not have inner interlocking pipelining-stage is carried out localization of fault.
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of this fault locator, and as shown in Figure 3, this device comprises:
First acquisition module 302 is used for because function call is causing process to occur under the unusual situation unusually, obtains the value of program pointer of abnormal process and the value of stack pointer in the program space; Second acquisition module 304 is used for obtaining the link order that the stack frame of the size of the current function storehouse that stack pointer points to and current function storehouse is stored according to the value of the value of the program pointer that obtains and stack pointer; And the link order of obtaining the function of storing in the stack frame of the function storehouse after the current function storehouse according to the value of the size of current function storehouse and stack pointer; Search module 306, be used to search the executable file of abnormal process, and search the symbol table of abnormal process, in symbol table, search corresponding function according to the link order of in current stack frame and other stack frame, obtaining according to the executable file of searching.
Wherein, the processing of obtaining the link order of the function of storing in the stack frame of the function storehouse after the current function storehouse of second acquisition module 304 is specially: the value of determining the current stack pointer; Obtain the return address of storing in the current function storehouse; Determine the size of current function storehouse; With value and the big or small addition of determining, with the result of addition stack frame address as the next function storehouse of current function storehouse, and with next function storehouse as current function storehouse.
This device also comprises: judge module, be used for after the link order of the function that the stack frame that has at every turn obtained a function storehouse is stored, judge that the pairing function of link order obtain whether in calling unusual function body, if the judgment is Yes, then continues to search next function storehouse; Otherwise stop to search the function storehouse.The judgment processing that judge module carries out is specially: obtain the address of the current function storehouse that obtains, and obtain the size of this function storehouse from the program space, and judge that according to the address of the current function storehouse that obtains and size it is whether in the function body scope.
In addition, search module 306 when in symbol table, searching corresponding function according to the link order of obtaining performed processing be specially: with in the symbol table less than and the function address that approaches the return address most as function address corresponding to this return address, and find respective function according to function address.
In sum, the method that the present invention can recall by storehouse directly extracts symbol table in the executable file and searches to find function name.By means of technical scheme of the present invention, can effectively realize the localization of fault of robotization, improved the efficient of debugging and localization of fault greatly, simplified the operation of localization of fault, and made the operating result of localization of fault more directly perceived.
The above is the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, is not limited to the present invention, and for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and variation.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. Fault Locating Method is used for the storehouse of the microprocessor that do not have inner interlocking pipelining-stage is carried out localization of fault, it is characterized in that described method comprises:
Because function call is causing process to occur under the unusual situation unusually, in the program space, obtain the value of program pointer of abnormal process and the value of stack pointer;
Obtain the link order of being stored in the stack frame of the size of the current function storehouse that described stack pointer points to and described current function storehouse according to the value of the value of the described program pointer that obtains and described stack pointer;
Obtain the link order of the function of storing in the stack frame of the function storehouse after the described current function storehouse according to the value of the size of described current function storehouse and described stack pointer;
Search the executable file of described abnormal process, and search the symbol table of described abnormal process, in described symbol table, search corresponding function according to the described link order of in current stack frame and other stack frame, obtaining according to the described executable file of searching.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the processing of obtaining the link order of the function of storing in the stack frame of described current function storehouse function storehouse afterwards is specially:
Determine the value of current stack pointer;
Obtain the return address of storing in the described current function storehouse;
Determine the size of current function storehouse;
With described value and the described big or small addition of determining, with the result of addition stack frame address as the next function storehouse of described current function storehouse, and with described next function storehouse as described current function storehouse.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, after the link order of the function of storing in the stack frame that has at every turn obtained a function storehouse, further comprises:
Judge that the pairing function of described link order obtain whether in calling unusual function body, if the judgment is Yes, then continues to search next function storehouse; Otherwise stop to search the function storehouse.
4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the processing of carrying out described judgement is specially:
Obtain the address of the current described function storehouse that obtains, and obtain the size of this function storehouse, and judge that according to the address of the described current described function storehouse that obtains and size it is whether in described function body scope from the described program space.
5. according to each described method in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that the processing of searching corresponding function according to the described link order of obtaining in described symbol table is specially:
With in the described symbol table less than and the function address that approaches described return address most as function address corresponding to this return address, and find respective function according to described function address.
6. fault locator is used for the storehouse of the microprocessor that do not have inner interlocking pipelining-stage is carried out localization of fault, it is characterized in that described device comprises:
First acquisition module is used for because function call is causing process to occur under the unusual situation unusually, obtains the value of program pointer of abnormal process and the value of stack pointer in the program space;
Second acquisition module is used for obtaining the link order that the stack frame of the size of the current function storehouse that described stack pointer points to and described current function storehouse is stored according to the value of the value of the described program pointer that obtains and described stack pointer; And the link order of obtaining the function of storing in the stack frame of the function storehouse after the described current function storehouse according to the value of the size of described current function storehouse and described stack pointer;
Search module, be used to search the executable file of described abnormal process, and search the symbol table of described abnormal process according to the described executable file of searching, in described symbol table, search corresponding function according to the described link order of in current stack frame and other stack frame, obtaining.
7. device according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the processing that described second acquisition module obtains the link order of the function of storing in the stack frame of the function storehouse after the described current function storehouse is specially:
Determine the value of current stack pointer;
Obtain the return address of storing in the described current function storehouse;
Determine the size of current function storehouse;
With described value and the described big or small addition of determining, with the result of addition stack frame address as the next function storehouse of described current function storehouse, and with described next function storehouse as described current function storehouse.
8. device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, further comprises:
Judge module, be used for after the link order of the function that the stack frame that has at every turn obtained a function storehouse is stored, judge that the pairing function of described link order obtain whether in calling unusual function body, if the judgment is Yes, then continues to search next function storehouse; Otherwise stop to search the function storehouse.
9. device according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the judgment processing that described judge module carries out is specially:
Obtain the address of the current described function storehouse that obtains, and obtain the size of this function storehouse, and judge that according to the address of the described current described function storehouse that obtains and size it is whether in described function body scope from the described program space.
10. according to each described device in the claim 6 to 9, it is characterized in that, described search module when in described symbol table, searching corresponding function according to the described link order obtained performed processing be specially:
With in the described symbol table less than and the function address that approaches described return address most as function address corresponding to this return address, and find respective function according to described function address.
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