CN101259315A - Powdery composite antidote for removing chemical toxicant - Google Patents
Powdery composite antidote for removing chemical toxicant Download PDFInfo
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- CN101259315A CN101259315A CNA2008100528445A CN200810052844A CN101259315A CN 101259315 A CN101259315 A CN 101259315A CN A2008100528445 A CNA2008100528445 A CN A2008100528445A CN 200810052844 A CN200810052844 A CN 200810052844A CN 101259315 A CN101259315 A CN 101259315A
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- exchange resin
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Abstract
The invention relates to a powdered composite material, in particular to a powdered composite antidote. The antidote is combined by active carbon, ion exchange resin and nanometer magnesia. Pollutant of chemical warfare agent can be removed by the composite effects of the absorption of active carbon, the exchange adsorption of ion exchange resin and the catalytic degradation of nanometer magnesia; wherein, the content of powdered active carbon is 10.0-80.0 percent, with 20.0-60.0 percent for better; the content of nanometer magnesia is 0.1-5.0 percent, with 0.2-4.0 percent for better; the content of powdered alkali styrol-typed anion resin is 5.0-60.0 percent, with 10.0-45.0 percent for better; the content of powdered strong acid styrol-typed cation resin is 5.0-60.0 percent, with 10.0-40.0 percent for better. The antidote of the invention has good antidotal effect and is convenient for carrying and using. The antidote can not only effectively remove the chemical warfare agent flyblown on the solid surface without causing damage to the body surface and the human body skin, but also effectively remove the chemical warfare agent in the water.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Powdered composite and preparation method thereof, relate in particular to a kind of composite and preparation method thereof with detoxication.
Background technology
Development of modern industry, especially the modern chemistry industrial expansion has brought great riches to people, has also brought higher pollution risk to people's life and environment simultaneously, and agricultural chemicals, chemicals be contaminated environment in several ways.In addition, after the U.S. " 911 " incident, the reality that the chemical attack of terrorism has become world security threatens.In wartime, weapon can damage pharmaceutical factory, chemical plant, chemicals warehouse etc.; At ordinary times, natural calamity and contingency can cause the serious chemistry incident of injury, as leaking in the leakage of chemical plant noxious material, the toxic chemical transportation, and the wartime of generation is left over chemical weapons incident of leakage etc. in succession in all parts of the country in recent years, these all can cause direct injury to personnel, and cause secondary chemical accident, serious threat people life property safety.
At these gas pollution problems that may occur, the researcher utilizes new material, new technology, the new technology of current appearance, continually develops the novel antidote of research.People utilize that the active carbon specific area is big, absorption property is made antidote well, as " Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control " the 3rd the 12nd phase of volume, reported with the research of charcoal absorption gas sarin contamination water, shown that in water treatment technology active carbon can be used as the one-level processing unit.But the active carbon detoxifcation mostly is physical absorption greatly, can occur separating suction phenomenon under certain condition, causes secondary pollution easily.
Polymeric adsorbent also is the good material of a kind of absorption property, and Chinese patent 200610013224.1 utilizes the residues of pesticides in the adsorption resin method removal natural extracts, can make the clearance of remains of pesticide surpass 99%; Chinese patent 200610038529.8 adopts difunctional resin treatment to contain toluidines waste water, can make the toluidines rate of recovery greater than 80%; Chinese patent 200710021456.6 adopts resin adsorption methods to remove methane chloride bio-toxicity in the waste water, can make that the concentration of methane chloride reaches national discharge standard in the waste water.
In order to improve detoxifying effect, the response type antidote becomes the main direction of improving Journal of Sex Research." Acta PhySico-Chimica Sinica " the 20th the 3rd phase of volume has been carried out the mechanism discussion to nano titanium dioxide photocatalysis degraded mustard gas simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl thioether; " environmental science " the 26th the 3rd phase of volume, nano titanium oxide is carried out modification come photocatalytic degradation mustard gas simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl thioether, studies show that SO
4 2-Acidified modified, help improving the photocatalysis performance of nano titanium oxide.In addition, people have also carried out the research of some composite aspects, have prepared a year Ti as Chinese patent 200510024794.6
4+Hydroxyapatite nano-powder material, and as absorbing disinfection material can the deactivation bacterium under common daylight and ultraviolet light and can degradable organic pollutant; Chinese patent 200610047105.8 has prepared the active carbon of carrying catalyst in titanium series, can be used for micro quantity organic pollutant in fast enriching and the surrounding air of degrading, water and the waste water; Chinese patent 200510049369.2 has been introduced a kind of absorbent charcoal loading titanium dioxide photocatalyst, effectively degradable organic pollutant.Chlorine dioxide is a kind of strong oxidizer, Chinese patent 200510053608.1 has prepared a kind of Powdered disinfection agent of chlorine dioxide, this material can directly use or pack use, be mainly used in kill virus, as the pathogenic microorganisms in pathogenic microorganisms, fungi and the virus, particularly biological warfare, fungi and virus; Chinese patent 200480013564.3 is handled V-type, H type and G type chemical warfare agent and pathogen, biotoxin, spore, prion, fat-c etc. with hydrogen peroxide and ammonia mixed vapour, but this steam treatment uses operation all very inconvenient.
The chemistry detoxifcation mainly is to use antidote to eliminate the chemical hazard of water, air and the face of infection, the antidote that is used for the detoxifcation of infection face at present mainly contains 3 big classes---and with high-ratio surface and high adsorption is active carbon, the atlapulgite of mechanism, with chlorination, be oxidized to hypochlorite and organic chloramines of sterilization mechanism, eliminate and basic hydrolysis is the sterilize organic super alkali systems and the caustic alkali of mechanism with alkalescence.Active carbon, atlapulgite mainly are physical absorptions in these antidotes, and desorb causes secondary pollution easily; And other antidote mostly is liquid greatly, on decontaminating effect, can both satisfy the requirement of emergent decontamination, but carry inconvenience, on performance, exist strong metal object corrosivity, to the big shortcoming of human body skin injury, also can produce certain pollution and toxic and side effect simultaneously to environment.Therefore, be subjected to certain restriction in the use.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, technical problem to be solved by this invention provides the compound antidote of a kind of solid powdery, detoxifying effect is good, portably use conveniently, can not only effectively remove the gas that the surface of solids is infected with, can not damage, and can also effectively remove gas in the water body surface or human body skin.
Powdery composite antidote of the present invention is composited by active carbon, ion exchange resin and nano magnesia, by the compound action of charcoal absorption, ion exchange resin absorption exchange, nano magnesia catalytic degradation, removes the gas pollutant.
Active carbon is Powdered, and the quality percentage composition is preferably between 20.0%～60.0% between 10.0%～80.0%, and its particle diameter 10 μ m～150 μ m are preferably between 30 μ m～100 μ m, and specific area is at 600m
2/ g～1500m
2Between/the g, best 900m
2/ g～1500m
2Between/the g.
Nano magnesia, particle diameter 1nm～20nm is preferably 4nm～15nm, specific area 10m
2/ g～600m
2/ g is preferably 50m
2/ g～600m
2/ g, quality percentage composition 0.1%～5.0% is preferably between 0.2%～4.0%.
Ion exchange resin quality percentage composition 10.0%～80.0%, be preferably in 30.0%～60.0%, comprise anion exchange resin quality percentage composition 5.0%～60.0%, be preferably in 10.0%～45.0%, wherein, gel-type and macroporous type ratio were preferably in 3: 10～between 7: 10 between 0: 10～10: 10; Cationic ion-exchange resin quality percentage composition 5.0%～60.0% is preferably in 10.0%～40.0%, and wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio were preferably in 3: 10～between 7: 10 between 0: 10～10: 10.The ion exchange resin that the present invention uses is Powdered, and particle diameter 10 μ m～150 μ m are preferably in 40 μ m～100 μ m.
The specific area of existing antidote such as active carbon, atlapulgite is big, and high adsorption capacity, but mainly be physical absorption is easy to take place desorb and makes and form secondary pollution; Nano titanium oxide then mainly is subjected to the restriction of its light sensitivity and can not be used widely; Adopt active carbon and compound its light sensitivity that can not make of nano titanium oxide to improve.And other antidotes are liquid mostly, portably use inconvenience, on performance, exist strong to metal object corrosivity, big to the human body skin injury, also can produce certain pollution and toxic and side effect simultaneously to environment.
The mechanism of action of antidote of the present invention is to use the removing of the high absorption property realization of active carbon to gas; Add proper amount of nano magnesia composition, by principles such as molecular transfer, surface hydroxyl cuttings chemical pollutant is realized catalytic degradation, the magnesia specific area of nanoscale is very big, and the surface ion number is numerous, because a large amount of Mg in surface
2+Inductive effect make the central element of a lot of gas pollutants such as S, P have Partial charge, it is unstable that the toxic agent molecular structure becomes, thereby be degraded to little segment, or by ion exchange resin absorption exchange; By gel-type and macroreticular ion exchange resin, yin, yang ion-exchange, gas that the absorption removal is infected with and the little segment of gas residue behind the nano magnesia catalytic degradation, the little segment of part also can be by charcoal absorption.Ion exchange resin has gel-type and macroporous type again, gel-type absorption exchange velocity is fast, the selectivity height, and macroreticular resin mainly is at the big molecule that is unsuitable for gel-type absorption exchange, thereby the present invention selects gel-type greater than macroporous type on ratio, simultaneously a lot of toxic agent molecules can have the part positive charge through inducing, thereby select anion exchange resin greater than cationic ion-exchange resin on the antidote proportion of composing.
Antidote of the present invention has following advantage:
1. antidote is a solid powdery, portably uses conveniently;
2. antidote does not have corrosivity, can not damage body surface or human body skin;
3. antidote is composited by active carbon, ion exchange resin and nano magnesia, by the compound action of charcoal absorption, ion exchange resin absorption exchange, nano magnesia catalytic degradation, removes the gas pollutant.
4. antidote is of many uses, can remove in the liquid, can remove the chemistry of solid surfaces toxic agent again.
The specific embodiment
One, the preparation of antidote
Take by weighing a certain amount of active carbon, anion and cation exchange resin and nano magnesia in proportion, place mortar, fully mix, make compound antidote.
Two, antidote action method
1. object infection face detoxifcation.This antidote can directly use or a certain amount of described compound antidote is contained in the bag and use, and infects face by the wiping object and detoxifies.
2. liquid detoxifcation.This antidote can directly use or a certain amount of described compound antidote is contained in the bag and use, by antidote directly being dropped into or pack drops into liquid and detoxifies.
Three, embodiment:
Embodiment 1
Antidote 1#, it forms mass percent is that nano magnesia 2.0%, anion exchange resin are highly basic styrene type negative resin (201 * 7) 40.0%, wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio are that 5: 10, cationic ion-exchange resin are superacicd styrene type sun resin (001 * 7) 23.0%, wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio are 5: 10, active carbon 35.0%.
0.1g antidote 1# is added in the paraoxon aqueous solution that 100mL concentration is 50mg/L, and under the differential responses time, the test detoxifying effect the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 composite antidote 1# is to the detoxifying effect of simulation gas paraoxon
2. embodiment 2
Antidote 2#, it forms mass percent is that nano magnesia 2.0%, anion exchange resin are highly basic styrene type negative resin (201 * 7) 35.0%, wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio are 4: 10, cationic ion-exchange resin 20.0%, wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio are 4: 10, active carbon 43.0%.
0.1g antidote 2# is added in the paraoxon aqueous solution that 100mL concentration is 50mg/L, and under the differential responses time, the test detoxifying effect the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 composite antidote 2# is to the detoxifying effect of simulation gas paraoxon
3. embodiment 3
Antidote 3#, it forms mass percent is that nano magnesia 0.5%, anion exchange resin are highly basic styrene type negative resin (201 * 7) 25.0%, wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio are that 5: 10, cationic ion-exchange resin are superacicd styrene type sun resin (001 * 7) 19.5%, wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio are 5: 10, active carbon 55.0%.
0.1g antidote 3# is added in the paraoxon aqueous solution that 100mL concentration is 50mg/L, and under the differential responses time, the test detoxifying effect the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 composite antidote 3# is to the detoxifying effect of simulation gas paraoxon
4. embodiment 4
Antidote 4#, it forms mass percent is that nano magnesia 2.5%, anion exchange resin are highly basic styrene type negative resin (201 * 7) 25.0%, wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio are that 3: 10, cationic ion-exchange resin are superacicd styrene type sun resin (001 * 7) 22.5%, wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio are 5: 10, active carbon 50.0%.
0.1g antidote 4# is added in the paraoxon aqueous solution that 100mL concentration is 50mg/L, and under the differential responses time, the test detoxifying effect the results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 composite antidote 4# is to the detoxifying effect of simulation gas paraoxon
5. embodiment 5
Antidote 5#, it forms mass percent is that nano magnesia 4.0%, anion exchange resin are highly basic styrene type negative resin (201 * 7) 37.0%, wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio are that 7: 10, cationic ion-exchange resin are superacicd styrene type sun resin (001 * 7) 24.0%, wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio are 6: 10, active carbon 35.0%.
0.1g antidote 5# is added in the paraoxon aqueous solution that 100mL concentration is 50mg/L, and under the differential responses time, the test detoxifying effect the results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 composite antidote 5# is to the detoxifying effect of simulation gas paraoxon
6. embodiment 6
Antidote 1#, it forms mass percent is that nano magnesia 2.0%, anion exchange resin are highly basic styrene type negative resin (201 * 7) 40.0%, wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio are that 5: 10, cationic ion-exchange resin are superacicd styrene type sun resin (001 * 7) 23.0%, wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio are 5: 10, active carbon 35.0%.
0.1g antidote 1# is added in the paraoxon aqueous solution that 100mL concentration is 100mg/L, and under the differential responses time, the test detoxifying effect the results are shown in Table 6.
Table 6 composite antidote 6# is to the detoxifying effect of simulation gas paraoxon
7. embodiment 7
Antidote 6#, it forms mass percent nano magnesia 3.0%, anion exchange resin is highly basic styrene type negative resin (201 * 7) 40.0%, wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio are that 7: 10, cationic ion-exchange resin are superacicd styrene type sun resin (001 * 7) 22.0%, wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio are 6: 10, active carbon 35.0%.
0.1g antidote 6# is added in the paraoxon aqueous solution that 100mL concentration is 100mg/L, and under the differential responses time, the test detoxifying effect the results are shown in Table 7.
Table 7 composite antidote 6# is to the detoxifying effect of simulation gas paraoxon
Claims (8)
1. the powdery composite antidote of a removing chemical toxicant by mass percentage, comprises following ingredients:
Powdered active carbon, content 10.0～80.0%;
Nano magnesia, content 0.1%～5.0%;
Powdered anion exchange resin, content 5.0%～60.0%;
Powdered cation exchange resin, content 5.0%～60.0%.
2. antidote according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Powdered anion exchange resin is made up of gel-type and macroporous type, and wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio are between 0: 10～10: 10;
Powdered cation exchange resin is made up of gel-type and macroporous type, and wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio are between 0: 10～10: 10.
3. according to any described antidote of claim 1 to 2, it is characterized in that,
Described powdered active carbon, its particle diameter 10 μ m～150 μ m;
Described nano magnesia, particle diameter 1nm～20nm;
Described powdered anion exchange resin, particle diameter 10 μ m～150 μ m;
Described powdered cation exchange resin, particle diameter 10 μ m～150 μ m.
4. according to any described antidote of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that,
Described powdered active carbon, specific area 600m
2/ g～1500m
2/ g;
Described nano magnesia, specific area 10m
2/ g～600m
2/ g.
5. according to any described antidote of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that,
Described powdered active carbon, content 20.0%～60.0%;
Described nano magnesia, content 0.2～4.0%;
Described powdered anion exchange resin, content 10.0～45.0%;
Described powdered cation exchange resin, content 10.0～40.0%.
6. according to any described antidote of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that,
Powdered anion exchange resin is made up of gel-type and macroporous type, and wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio are between 3: 10～7: 10;
Powdered cation exchange resin is made up of gel-type and macroporous type, and wherein, macroporous type and gel-type ratio are between 3: 10～7: 10.
7. according to any described antidote of claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that,
Described powdered active carbon, its particle diameter 30 μ m～100 μ m;
Described nano magnesia, particle diameter 4nm～15nm;
Described powdered anion exchange resin, particle diameter 40 μ m～100 μ m;
Described powdered cation exchange resin, particle diameter 40 μ m～100 μ m.
8. antidote according to claim 4 is characterized in that,
Described powdered active carbon, specific area 900m
2/ g～1500m
2/ g;
Described nano magnesia, specific area 50～600m
2/ g.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008100528445A CN101259315A (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2008-04-22 | Powdery composite antidote for removing chemical toxicant |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008100528445A CN101259315A (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2008-04-22 | Powdery composite antidote for removing chemical toxicant |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101259315A true CN101259315A (en) | 2008-09-10 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103830867A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-06-04 | 中国人民武装警察部队学院 | Multi-component decontaminating agent for strong-acid hazardous chemicals |
| CN104998656A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-10-28 | 常州大学 | Preparation method for catalyst promoting transformation of methyl fluophosphonic acid isopropyl ester in chemical waste gas |
| CN108517261A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-09-11 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of antidote of fruit-vegetable pesticide residues |
-
2008
- 2008-04-22 CN CNA2008100528445A patent/CN101259315A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103830867A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-06-04 | 中国人民武装警察部队学院 | Multi-component decontaminating agent for strong-acid hazardous chemicals |
| CN104998656A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-10-28 | 常州大学 | Preparation method for catalyst promoting transformation of methyl fluophosphonic acid isopropyl ester in chemical waste gas |
| CN108517261A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-09-11 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of antidote of fruit-vegetable pesticide residues |
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Open date: 20080910 |